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Milagros Y Portentos: Evento, Corporalidad Y Etnicidad En La Nueva España

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Milagros Y Portentos: Evento, Corporalidad Y Etnicidad En La Nueva España Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Summer 8-15-2019 Milagros y Portentos: Evento, Corporalidad y Etnicidad en la Nueva España Silvia Juliana Rocha Dallos Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Latin American History Commons, and the Latin American Literature Commons Recommended Citation Rocha Dallos, Silvia Juliana, "Milagros y Portentos: Evento, Corporalidad y Etnicidad en la Nueva España" (2019). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1943. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1943 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Dissertation Examination Committee: Mabel Moraña, Chair William Acree Carlos A. Jáuregui Stephanie Kirk Miguel Valerio Milagros y Portentos: Evento, Corporalidad y Etnicidad en la Nueva España by Silvia Juliana Rocha Dallos A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August, 2019 St. Louis, Missouri © 2019, Silvia Juliana Rocha Dallos Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... v Abstract Of The Dissertation ...................................................................................................... vi Introducción ................................................................................................................................ 1 Capítulo 1: Milagros y portentos. Conceptos e imaginarios transatlánticos ................................ 24 1.1 Apropiaciones del evento milagroso y portentoso: primeros enfoques históricos y desafíos metodológicos ....................................................................................................................... 24 1.2 Binarismos teológicos: entre el Dios que hace milagros y los pueblos paganos ................ 40 1.3 Por una economía de lo sobrenatural: profecías, apariciones y revelaciones ..................... 59 1.4 El mundo colonial: el milagro y el portento se trasladan al Nuevo Mundo ....................... 72 Capítulo 2: Lecturas del milagro y del portento en el cuerpo afrodescendiente .......................... 92 2.1 El primer paso hacia la asimilación del milagro y del portento en la Nueva España ......... 96 2.2 In dubio pro fidei: excesos morales y resistencias textuales ........................................... 105 2.3 Pócimas corporales en nombre de la Virgen. ................................................................. 123 2. 3. 1. Resistencias sacramentales y (Super)vivencia afrodescendiente ........................... 136 Capítulo 3: Cazando portentos y enunciando milagros. Los maestros nativos en dos manuales novohispanos de idolatría ........................................................................................................ 145 3.1 Las fuentes para estudiar la idolatría y la superstición nativa ......................................... 153 3.2 El milagro y el portento como “tácticas” del tícilt novohispano ..................................... 164 3.3 Los Tlamahuizollis y los Tetzahuitls en la segunda conquista espiritual de la Nueva España ................................................................................................................................ 173 3.3.1 Maria(anas), ángeles y trasformaciones portentosas ................................................ 174 3.4 La llegada del poder pastoral: medidas para el catolicismo indígena .............................. 189 Capítulo 4: Fenómenos naturales y salvaciones barrocas. Los almanaques novohispanos ........ 198 4.1 Pronósticos catastróficos ............................................................................................... 208 4.2 Predicciones al cielo novohispano ................................................................................. 216 4.3 El pronóstico médico ..................................................................................................... 226 Conclusión .............................................................................................................................. 237 Bibliografía citada ................................................................................................................... 246 ii List of Figures Figure 1. María de San Salvador. Gaceta de México (1794). Tomo vi, no. 86, 709. ................... 23 Figure 2. Oficios ejecutados por los maestros indígenas según la información expuesta por Hernando Ruiz de alarcón y Gonzalo Balsalobre en sus tratados de idolatría y superstición. Figura elaborada por la autora de esta disertación .................................................................... 171 Figure 3. José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez. Nuevo mapa geográfico de la américa septentrional, perteneciente al Virreynato de México (1768). .................................................. 172 Figure 4. Dogmatizadores capturados y aprehendidos en el área de Oaxaca entre 1635 y 1639. Figura elaborada por la autora de esta disertación .................................................................... 197 iii List of Tables Table 1. Crímenes amonestados por la Inquisición de la Nueva España entre 1600 y 1781 ...... 121 Table 2. Juicios inquisitoriales y crímenes más comunes de los afrodescendientes novohispanos ............................................................................................................................................... 122 iv Acknowledgments Este proyecto es el resultado de dos años de investigación y siete de estudios doctorales durante los cuales conté con la grata e incondicional ayuda de mis profesores, de mi familia, de mi esposo y de mis amigos. A la profesora Mabel Moraña agradezco su paciencia, su dedicada orientación y maravillosa dirección en cada una de las páginas que componen esta disertación. Sin su tiempo, disposición y profundo conocimiento en el campo colonial latinoamericano, esta disertación sería sólo una simple pincelada dentro de un gran canvas. Desde mi llegada a Washington University siempre conté con la ayuda, consejos y erudición de profesores como Stephanie Kirk y William Acree, quienes constantemente incentivaron y estimularon mi pasión por el periodo colonial. Mi gratitud es para ustedes porque cada una de sus clases y charlas me hicieron continuar en esta larga carrera que hoy llega a su fin. Al profesor Miguel Valerio nunca dejaré de agradecer su detallada lectura a los capítulos de mi disertación. Mi conocimiento sobre los afrodescendientes del México colonial creció enormemente durante mi último año de investigación, y esto, es gracias a usted. Al Chair Andrew Brown agradezco las múltiples oportunidades que me brindó para enseñar en esta universidad y hacer que cada día creciera mi amor por la enseñanza. En términos financieros, las becas de investigación del Romance Languages Department, la Graduate School y el Certificado de Estudios Latinoamericanos, me dieron la oportunidad de visitar múltiples archivos donde obtuve las fuentes de este proyecto. This is dedicated to my “Charlie,” my best friend and unconditional partner of life. Estas páginas son para mis padres y hermanos. Para Carmen y Kyeong por su apoyo y amistad. Silvia Juliana Rocha Dallos August 2019 v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION for Arts & Sciences Graduate Students by Silvia Juliana Rocha Dallos Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Studies Washington University in St. Louis, 2019 Professor Mabel Moraña, Chair Miracles and Portents: Event, Corporeality and Ethnicity in New Spain (Mexico) studies the concepts of miracle and portent as modes and codes of differentiation and representation of diverse social sectors. Through the examination of treatises on idolatry, inquisition cases related to subjects of African ancestry, and studies on astronomy, I argue that the interpretation of extraordinary events made by the imperial institutions of power impacted not only the imaginaries, but also the behaviors deployed by indigenous peoples, afrodescendants, and creoles. From 1600 to the celebration of the IV Provincial Council of 1771 and the Promulgation of the first Royal Pragmatic in 1776, I focus on acts such as the proliferation of healing practices by indigenous sorcerers, as well as the introduction of African to New Spain, whose habits weakened the inquisitorial power, in order to mark an era of contradictions to Christian dogma. Likewise, the interest aroused by creole subjects in respect to natural phenomena, such as weather predictions, and how they delineated baroque and scientific profiles in colonial Mexico. In my dissertation, I build a genealogy of the concepts of miracle and portent, by tracing their use
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