THE
BERGEN COUNTY DEMOCRAT'S
HISTORY
OF HACKENSACK, N.J.
ITS OLDEN :STORY, PRESENT ANNALS, PROSPECTIVE GROWTH
ALL TOLD BY THE HISTORIAN'S PEN AND THE ARTIST'S PENCIL
ENRICHED BY MANY ILLUSTRATIONS MADE E) PUBLISHED BY THE BERGEN COUNTY DEMOCRAT EDITED BY D. D. READ 1898 Cop)·rfgllt :F. T. SlllLEY &, CO,, :S. Y. 1~18. Engrnvfngs hy HOPKINS & IILA rT, New York. Pre111 uf H. D. WINTON PRl:STISll ESTAJH.ISH~IJ<::ST Photogl'llphk work hy Hacken@M'k, N, J, C. W. VAN WAG:SEU, H11ekenRack, N. J, PREFACE. O~[E'l'J-IING is already known to readers of this volume concerning- the past history and present status of Hackensack. :\lore or less extended accounts of the first settlers, and their achievements and their successes, have been recorded in the valuable " Historical 3 Discourse," by Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn, Pastor of The First Reformed Church, :\lay 2, 1S69; in the "Annals of the Classis of Bergen, and of the Ancient Township of Bergen," by Benjamin C. Taylor, D. D., 185 7; in the " History of Bergen and Passaic Counties," by ,v. \Yooclford Clayton, 1882; and in "Hackensack Illustrated," by the Exempt Firemen's Association, 1896; and also in other books, of all of which our citizens may hayc knowledge. Since the appearance of those volumes it has been judged expedient to publish a work that should more adequately represent the important features of our local history, and the various agencies and enterprises that are contributing to the growth of our beautiful town. From the above sources and standard works, such as Ridpath's and :\Ic~Iaster's, needed information has been gathered, but the mculd of thought into which it has been cast is our own. }.luch of interest has always centered -1pon the efforts of scientists to disclose the conditions and Jaws governing natural phenomena; of explorers in tracing great rivers to their sources; of ardm:ologists in exhuming the relics of ancient cities and civilizations; of sociologists in discovering the ~auses of grt:at move:rnents of masses of population. 'fhe results of tl•eir efforts have always been regarded as so many valued acquisitions stored in the treasure-houses of hmna·1 knowledge, and a,·,dlablc for use in the advaneement of our modern civilization. No books arc more interesting; no stories more fascinating: no records more valuable than those that take us back, possibly along unfamiliar paths, and amid strange lands and still stranger peop1es, to the beginnings of those streams of civic life and law, of social customs and usages, that sweep by us to-clay in broad and deep channels. All such works have the charm of novelty; the interest that attaches to the unexpected; and afford the satisfaction that attends upon the consciousness of intel lectual acquisition. To such attractions as these, historicn1 romances doubtless owe their increasing number and popularity. . ,vhile this volume may not ha,·e in large measure all these elements of interest, yet it is hoped they will not be found altogether wanting. Certain it is that for the reader who has a commendable pride in all that has made his local home surroundings what they are, there will be found something upon these pages to justify his feelings of admiration and of attachme,1t, when he proclaims himself a resident of our fair city. 'I'he pen and ink sketches illustrating this \'olume are clue to the skill ancl kindness of ~Iiss ~label Russell, daughter of Jas. H. Russell, Esq.; and to :\Iiss Nellie C. Read, daughter of the editor. l'AGE, CHAPTER J,-THE Ll!NNI LENAl't .. l )leaning of the Name.-A Tradition of Wancleriogs.-Another Tradition Relating to Origin.-An Opinion of the Pale I<'aces.-'fhe Indian in His Natural Estate. CHAPTER 11.-UNDER TIIE FLAG OF HoLLANU...... 3 The Migratory Instincts.-Henry Hudsoo.-Voyages of Discovery.-New Netherland. CHAPTER 111.-BRIEf COLONIAL NOTES, ...... s A Comparison.-The Name.-New Jersey.-The Conflict of Claims.-The Division of New Jersey.-'J'he Reuniting of the Two Provinces, CHAPTER IV.-SoME ANCIENT BoUNDARIES . , ...... 7 Act Defining Limits of 1'ownship.-Civil Organization of 'l'ownship.-New Hackensack.-New Barbadoes, Court of Small Causes.-The First Houses. CHAPTER V,-STORIES OF EARLY CONf,'I.JCTS, ...... • ...... 9 Indians.-Why Named.-Proximity of V1Jlages.-'l'he Murder of Van Voorst.-Tbe Hackingkesbacky 'l'ribe. CHAPTER VI.-EARL\' LEGAL PROCESSES, ...... II Baron Van Der Cappellen's Court.-The Court of Burgomasters.-Captain Berry's 'frial,-Hackensack Becomes the County Seat.-Various Crimes and Penalties.-Slavery and Special Laws.-1'he Execution of Several Negroes. CHAPTER Vli.-REVOLUTIONARY TIMES ...... 14 Causes for Revolt.--Public Meeting at Hackensack.-Bergen County l\filitia.-The Retreat from Fort I.. ee. Washington at Hackensack.-A Picture of the Patriots. CHAPTER VIII.-ToRv AND BRITISH RAms •...... 1; Coveted Possessions.-Van Buskirk's Raid.-Brilish and Hessian Raid Upon Hackeni;ack.-'l'he Attack by Major-General Heath.-Retaliation.-The Sufferers at Home. CHAPTER IX.-THREE CoM~IANDERs. • ...... 20 Col. Aaron Burr.-Col. George Baylor.-Brig,•Gen. Enoch Poor. CHAPTER X.-REVOLUTIONAR\' STRIATION...... , ...... 23 John Berry.-A Raid for Cattle.-'l'esting Loyalty.-The Confiscation of Estates,-Honored Names.-A Revolutionary Reminiscence. CHAPTER XI.-THE MARCH OF IMPROVEMENT. . . . . , ...... 26 General Conditious.-Commissioners of Highways.-The Bridge Companies.-Steam I<'erries.-'l'he First Railroads.-Additional Data. CHAPTER XII,-EDUCATIONAL BEGINNINGS, ...... , ...... , 28 A Primal Law.--The Original Log School House.-" The Little Reel School House.''-1'he Text Books. Queen's CoJlege.-Washington Academy,-Lafayette Academy.-The Hackensack Academy.-A Further Survey. CHAPTER XIII.-'I'ux Ar•PF.AL AND RxsPONsE IN "THE SIXTIES." ...... 31 'I'he First Call for llen.-Volunteering in Hackensack.-The Second and Third CaJJs.-Tbe Twenty-second Regiment.-A Glimpse of Soldier l..ife,-The Regiment's Return.-RoJI of Our Brave Sous. CHAPTER XIV.-PRF.SENT 'EDFCATIONAL ADVANTAGES ...... 35 Transcripts from Records.-'l'he Library.-Professor Hague's Reminiscences.-'fhe f tate Street School.- The Union Street SchooJ.-'rhe l<~airmouut School.-Tbe Hudson Street Schoo),. -The Hackensack Academy.-Some Other Schools.-'rbe County Superintendent.--The Board of Education.-The High School.--A Summary.--The High School Principal. CHAPTER XV.-REGENERATl\'E INFLUENCES•.•..•••••...... •.••. , ••. , ....•. , , , 41 The First Reformed Church.-The Christian Reformed Church.--The First Presbyterian Churcb,-The First Baptist Church.-'l'he First Methodist Episcopal Church. CHAPTER XVI.--CHURCHES -CONTINUf,D . , ...... 52 The Second Reformed Church.-The Third Reformed German Church.--Holv Trinity R. C. Church. Christ Church, P. E.-Zion A. M. E. Church, Colored.-l'he Asbury M. E. Church,--St. Mary's R, C. Church.-Mt. Olive Baptist Church, Colored.--Calvary Baptist Church.-Unitarian Congregational Church. CHAPTER XVII.--THE NEWSPAPERS OF HACKENSACK, ...... 64 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. vii l'AG!, CHAP'J'ER XVJII.--Tm: HACKENSACK hrPROVEMENT CoM~nssION...... 67 'l'he Commission,--Streets aucl Sidewalks, Lawns and Pntk!'.--The 'I'erhune Homestead.--'I'he Hackensack Water Co.- -The Hackensack Rh-er, Natural aud Artificial.--The Board of Health.-1'he Police Force.- 'l'bc Fire Department. CHAPTER XIX.-TRANSl'ORTA'l lO:---PAsT A:SD PREsE!'.T, • • • • ••••••••••••.•••••••..· • . 77 'l'ransportation Facilities.-1'he Hackensack Postoffice.--The llackensnck Gas and Electric Compauy.-- 'J'he Hackensack Bank.--'I'hc Hackensack Association.--The Hackensack Realty Company.-Public Buildings. CHAPTER XX.--OUR CITIZt.:N SOI.IHF.RS • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • . . . • • . . . • • • • 85 'l'he Hackensack Continental Guard.-Company G, Second Regiment, N, G. N. J.--James B. :\lcPherson Post, ?\o. 52, G. A. R. CIIAP'I'ER XXI.-'l'm: LEARN Ell PROFEss10Ns.--CHAt-:ITABt E I:,s1T1 liTlo:-.s • . • . • . . . • • ••..• Bench and Bar.--Physicians and Surgeoui-:.-'I'he Hackensack Hoi-pital.--The Old Ladies' Home. CHAPTER XXIJ.-T11E OR1TAN1 F1E1.n C1.u11 •.•••••• CHAPTER XXlll.-FRATERNAI, A:-.u Socu1. Ot-:c:A:-.lzA'IION!', The Odd Fellows.--'l'he Masons.--Woman's Christian 'l'~mpcrance Union.--Tbe American :Mechanics. United Workmen.-The Gunod Society.-The Dramatic Association,---'l'lu, Schubert Club, and other Societies. CHAPTER XXIV.--)L\!\UFACl"URI~G 1:--DUSTRIES, • • . . . • . . . • . . . . • . . • . . • • • • . • • • . . • . 100 'l'he H=ickensack )lnt•1al Building and Loan.-Business Interests.--Krone Brothers' School and Blank Book )lannfactory.--Brick Manufacturing.--'I'he Silk l\lill. CHAPTER XXV.--BIOl,RAf'HICAI...... , . , .... , . . 102 BIOGRAPHICAL SI PAGE, l'AGE, Ackerson, Col. Garret G. 1(,2 Hopper, Dr, John Ward. 105 B·rnta, William Sickles 10(, Johnson, Willium )I. , 120 122 Berdan, Cornelius "'· . Knapp, Joseph )I. 108 Bogart, Peter , 131 Knapp, :'\fanning M. 108 Brown, Henry C .. 130 Kncster, Ernest Henry 121 Camp1"·11, Abraham D, . 112 Pangborn, Frederick ""· 130 Campbdl, L · er A. Poor, Frank B. 133 Clark, Wal'.· :allotton . Clarenrlon, )latthew E. . Ramsey, John Rathbone 115 Romeyn, Rev. James . 110 Conklin, George W. 123 Romeyn, James A. . 111 Cumming, 'I'homas H. 132 Romeyn, D. D., Rev. 'l'he\1dore Bayard 11[ De Baun, Abram Snow, Hon. William D. 116 Demarest, Cornelius H. Stagg, Peter W. 11() Dunlop, John . 125 Thomas, William C. 133 Fank, Jacob H . . 120 '!'ice, Walter J. 119 Fisher, George Hy1fo 112 Van Valen, James ::\J •• 115 Gillies, James W. I I<) Ward, Captain John J .. 103 Haas, Dr. Nelson . \Vheeler, George \Vakemau . 10-1 Haring. 'l'eunis A .. 125 Williams, William. 107 lln'.·t, Reuben M. .. 12S Winton, Henry D. 122 Hi,sbrouck, Dr. Charles . Hopper, Dr. Abram Zabriskie, Captain Andrew C. 12-1 Hopper, Dr. Henry A. 105 Zabriskie, Dadd D .. 122 GENERAL lLLlJSTRATIONS. PAGE. l'AGE, Ackerson, Col. Garret G. (Por.) ...... facing ..p Indian Village ...... • . • . . Q Anderson Park.-Berry Street.-Anderson Street.- River Street. -First Baptist Church . facing 29 Johnson, Hon. William l[. (Por.) . . facing r 11 Asbury )I. E. Church ...... 5 7 Knapp, Joseph M. (Por.) . . . . . facing 109 Knapp. ~lanning M. (Por.J .. . facing 107 Banta, William Sickles (Por.) .. . facing 83 Hoo. Koester, J<:rnest H. (Por.) ...... facing 121 Bauer, Jacob (Por.) ...... facing 71 Berdan, Cornelius W. (Por.) ...... facing 123 Krone Brothers' J.'actory . • 100 Bergen County Democrat, Office of ...... o-t Lenni J..enapc, Territory of the . . . . . 2 Bergen County Clerk and Surrogate's Offices . . . . . 12 Lion Tablet, Old Church on the Green . Bergen County Court House ...... 8-t 43 Bergen Hook and Ladder Co.'s House ...... 7-t Main Street, Looking North from Passaic Street . 69 Bogart, Peter (Por.J ...... tacrng 95 Main Street Station, S. & W. R. R ...... 77 Bogota.--1-fackensack in the Distauce.-Lower Bmlge Mt. Olive Baptist Church . . . . . 6o and Rh·er.-)Iain Street South from Passaic. Building New Anderson Street Bridge.-)fain New Netherland, The Province of. 3 Street South from S, & W. R, R ...... facing 28 Brinkerhoff Homestead, The Old, Essex Street . . . . 73 Odd Fellow's Hall ...... qb Brown, Henry (;. (Por,) . . . . facing 129 Old Bank Building on the Green, 'r he . 88 Old 'rerhune .Mansion, The ...... 8 Campbell, Abraham D. (Por.) ...... facing 113 Original Navigators of the Hackensack River, 'l'he . r Campbell, Luther A. (Por,) ...... 114 Oritani Field Club, The ...... 94 Central Avenue Station, N. J. & N. Y. R. R . . . . . 78 Christ Church (P. E ) ...... 56 Pangborn, Frederic W. (Por,) ...... 130 Christian Reformed Church ...... 45 Patrol and Alert Co.'s House, The ...... 75 Clarendon, Matthew E. (Por.) ...... facing 67 Pearce Building, 'l'he, Office of the Hackensack Gas Clark, Walter Vallotton (Por,) ...... , .. facing r31 and 1':lectric Co ...... 8~ Clinton Place Extension, Hackensack Realty Co, . . 76 Poor, Frank B. (Por.) ...... facing 133 Company G at ·• Sea Girt," N. J . . 85 Prospect Avenue, Looking 8outh.-'I'he Heights . . . 83 Conklin, George W. (Por.) . . . . . 123 Cumming, Thomas H. (Por.). . 132 Ramsey, John Rathbone (Por.) ...... II5 Residence of Jacob Hauer ...... facing 35 De Baun, Abram(Por.) ...... 121 Residence of \Valter F. 1-~arr, D. 0. S ...... facing 33 Demarest, Cornelius B. (Por.) ...... facing 103 Residence of Edward E. Poor. . facing 3l Doremus House, The ...... 74 Residence of Henry D. Winton . facing 37 Dunlop, John (Por.) ...... facing 75 Romeyn, Rev. James (Por.) ...... fac!ng .t5 Romeyn, James A. (Por.) ...... facrng 49 Romeyn, Rev. James Van Campen (Por.) . facing 43 Essex Street, Looking West toward N. J. & N. Y. R.R. 71 Romeyu, Re\'. l'heodore Bayard (Por.) . . facing 47 Euclid Avenue, Looking West...... 51 Second Reformed Church...... 52 Fairmount Public School ...... 39 Snow, Hon. William D, (Por.)...... 116 Fank, Jacob H. (Por.) ...... 120 Soldiers' Monument, Hackensack Cemeterv . . . 86 First Dutch Reformed Church and Burying Ground . .p Stagg, Peter W. (Por.) ...... · . . . facing 117 First Methodist Episcopal Church . . . . . 4'l State Street Fire House ...... 7S First Presbyterian Church ...... 46 State Street, Looking South from Passaic Htr~et . . . 37 Fisher, Rev. George Hyde ( Por.)...... foci ng 51 State Street Public School ...... 36 State Street, South from Camden Street ...... 68 General Poor's Last Resting Place ...... 21 St. John, David, M. D. (Por.) ...... facing 89 Gillies, James W. (Por.) . . facing IOI St. :Mary's R. C. Church ...... 59 Summit Avenue.Looking North frc,m Central Avenue.- Haas, Nelson (Por.) ...... facing 127 The Heights . . . 70 Hackensack about q8o ...... rs 'l'he Green in r820 ...... 25 Hackensack Bank Building ...... 82 The Green, 1898 ...... 72 Hackensack from the Heights.-Hackensack from Over- 'l'he Heights.-Auderson Street. L,ooking towards R.R. look Avenue.-Centml Avenue from the Heights. Station.-Passaic Street from Linden.-Prospect River N. E. from Anderson Street Bridge.-River Avenue Station,---Overlook A,·enue, LookingSouth. from foot of Passaic Street . • ...... facing 27 -Prospect A venue, Looking North . . . . facing 26 Hackeni:;ack Gas and Electric Co., General View of 'l'homas, William P. (Por,) ...... 133 Plant ...... 79 Tice, Walter (Por.) ...... facing 99 Hackensack Gas and EJectric Co., Sooo Light Dynamo. 81 J. Hackensack Gas and Electric Co., Southern End of Union Hose Company ...... 75 Switchboard . . , ...... 81 Union Street, North from Susquehanna R.R. . . . 40 Hackensack Gas and Electric Co., Part of Boiler Room. So Union Street Public School ...... 38 Hackensack High School ...... ~9 Upper Main Street, View on...... 71 Hackensack Hospital, The ...... 91 Hackensack, :'.\[ap of ...... facing 9 Van Valen, J. )[. (Por.) . . . facing us Hackensack, N. J,, Birdseye view of . . . . Frontispiece Hackensack Opera Houi:;e and Armory ...... S4 Ward, Capt. lohn J. (Por.) ...... 103 Hackensack \Vheelmen, Home of ...... 97 Washington nstitute ...... ••••.•• 29 Haring, Teunis A. (Por.) . . . facing 9i Wheeler, George Wakeman (Por.) . .. facing 105 Hart, Reuben M. (Por.) ...... facing 119 Whipping Post, Stocks and Pillory . • . . . . 13 Holley, Re\". W. W. (Por.). . . . . facing 55 Willtams, William (Por.) .•...... facing 77 Holy Trinity Church (R. C.) ...... 54 Winton, Hon. Henry D. (Por.) . . . . . facing 65 Hopper, Henry A., M. D. (Por.) . . facing 91 Hopper, John Ward, M. D. (Por.) . facing 93 Zabriskie, Capt, Andrew C. (Por.) . facing 125 Hudson Street Puhlic School , . , . . , . 38 Zabriskie, Judge David D. (Por.) •...... , •. 122 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. CHAPTER I. THE LENNI LENAPE.' ~IEANING OF THE NAME.-A TRADITION OF WANDERINGS,-ANOTHER TRADITION RELATING 1'0 ORIGIN. AN OPINI ~U-:ANING OF THE NA~IE, HIS Indian name, translated into English, signifies "the originnl people." That title was T assumed on the ground that they were the descendants of the most ancient of all the Indian nations claiming ownership of the soil. A 'J'RADITJO:-,; OF WANDERINGS. Among the traditions of the Lenapc was one to the effect, that many many generations. ago, they had tra\'eled from a distant country, lying under the :-etting sun, and beyond the great rivers and mountains, toward the rising sun. '!'heir quest was for land abounding in game, and waters full of fish, where they might set up their wigwams and find their happy hunting grounds. After many conflicts with opposing tribes nncl nations, and long and wearisome journeys, they finally reached the banks of the Lenapc ,vihittuck-the Detaware--and rested from their long pilgrimage. Then as they grew in numbers and strength they extended their domain along- the sea coast fruin Chfsapeake Bay to the borders of Long Island Sound, and from the • ! I - - coast line to the foot of the Alleghany Mountains. <.,... -~, Through this territory they ranged at wi11. fearing only the invasions of the warlike Iroquois adjoining them upon the north in what is now the State of ~cw York. ANOTHE~ TRADITION REI.ATINO TO ORlfilN. The Original Navigators of the Hackensack River. Going e\'cn further back, the Lenni Lenapc had among them a tradition in which they were taught, that 0efore their occupancy of the soil, they dwelt in a great subterraneous cavern. From that cave one of their number one clay made his escape, and after a time came back with wonderful stories of lakes and rivers; of fields and forests; of sun and stars; and also bearing upon his shoulders new and well flavored meat-venison-of all which, when they had heard, and after they had eaten of the venison, they resolved at once to seek the new Janel of sunlight and fruitful soil. So they came up from the darkness of their underground abode and dwelt in the light, and since then had claimed the sun and soiJ as their own. THE HISTORY OF 1/ACKBNSACK, N. J. A~ OPINION OF THE !'ALE 1-'ACES, It is said that when the Lenni Lena pc had studied for a time the faces of the whites, they affirmed concerning them, tl1~t the various hues of their hair, and colors of their eyes proved that they were a mixed race, and therefore a troublesome peo.ple, of whom it was best to beware. As for themselves, they had existed unchanged from the beginning, and had the word of the Great Spirit in their heart!-, and did not need a Great Book to keep them right, as did the pale faces, on account of the wickedness of their hearts. Subsequent conflicts between Red Man and ,Vhite proved that both needed the most powerful restraints that could be applied. Ordinarily peaceable, and willing to engage in barter and trade, when the passion for war was aroused~ the Indians became vindictive and remorseless. ,vith them forgiveness was a weakness, and revenge a virtue. Of justice and humanity, they thought but little, if at all, when engaged in the redress of real or imaginary grievances. \Varfare for them meant not the open ,, field of battle, but the ambuscade and the massacre. Mercy was seldom. expected, and rarely asked, '!'hey coulcl suffer, or die, with a warrior's courage and stoicism. THE INl>IAX IN HIS NATURAi. ESTATE. At his best estate, the Indian was a man of the sombre forests, rather than of the flashing camp fires. He loved the unbroken solitudes, and fellowship with the sighing pines, whose whispering voices were the echoes of the Great Spirit's words to his soul. Drifting clouds and sudden showers ; mossy trunks and crackling limbs; wild fowls' wings and animals' cries, all told ,._..., ~ their secrets to these pathfinders of the primeval forests. ,vhen tired of rodng, the Indians pitched their wigwams in Territory of the Lenni l.enape. clusters, near some lake or stream, and smoked their pipes in (Shaded portion indicates territor\' occupied), • dreamy unconcern, until roused by the chase for game, or the conflict with foes. In that section of New Jersey now under more immediate consideration, the Lenni Lenapc were divided into various tribes known then as Raritans, Ackensacks, Pomptons and 'l'appeans, names that still survive in modified forms. The roving habits of those tribes forbid any definite location of the boundaries of their respective reservations. Eventually the long feared and hated Iroquois descended from the north upon the Lenni Lcnapc and subjugated them, and by virtue of superior arms, obtained by barter from the Dutch at trading posts along the Hudson River. Soon afterwards all that were left of the Lenni Lenape emigrated to the country beyond the Susquehanna River, from whence, with many another tribe of the Red :Men, they were. driven and overwi1elmed by the rising, resistless tides of immigration, that no chieftain's hand, however strong and steadfast, might successfully stay CHAPTER II. UNDER 'rHE FLAG OP HOLLAND. TIIE :\IIGRATORY l:SSTINCTS.-IIENRY HUDSO\'.-\'OYAGES OF l>ISCO\'ER\',-NEW Nl-:THERl,ANI>, TIIE :\IIG RATORY INSTINCTS, HE migratory instincts of mankind have not always received the attention to which their T effects have entitled them. From ancient times to the present, men have migrated, like birds, in flocks. Sometimes a few adventurous spirits have led the way; to be followed in clue time by the many who were moved by their examples and their exploits. Back of these migrations may be discovered the desire for gain, and the ,ixpectation of it; these have been potent influences in quickening the natural desires to explore ar.cl possess all quarters of the earth. Moved by such motives, men have ventured across unknown seas, and penetrated pathless forests, and hazarded their lives, that they might claim, by right of discovery, new possessions in all climes and zones. HENRY HUDSON, Along that pathway of the pioneers of human progress came that distinguished mariner, Henry Hudson. Englishman, though he was, from his own kind reel he received but scant support in his voyages of discovery. Turning to Holland, at that time the foremost maritime nation of the world, he received from the Dutch East India Company a small saitii1g· vessel, named the Half Moon. In that ship he began the explorations that were to open the way for the coming of the Dutch to the shores of the New ,vorld, the establishment of the province of New Netherland, and that were to forever link his name with one of the grandest bays, and one of the noblest rivers of the North American continent. In April, 1609 1 he set out upon his third voyage, in the hope that he might find the coveted Northwest passage. Baffled in this attempt, he turned southward, and coasted along the shores of what are now our New England States. Upon the 3d of September he cast anchor in what is t1C?W the bay of Sanely Hook. 'fwo days later he effected a landing, and was cordially greeted by the Indians, who brought gifts of the fruits of the trees and the products of their imperfect husbandry. Until the 9th of September he engaged in sounding the The Province of New NetherlanJ. harbor, and upon the 10th, he sailed up the broad river that (Shaded portion shows Province.) bears his name, Cast adrift, subsequently, upon a later voyage, by mutinous sailors, his fate remains one of the sad mysteries of the sea. \'OYAGES OF DISCOVERY, Profiting by the information given by Hudson, the Dutch merchants sent several ships in 1610 to engage in the fur trade with the Indians along the banks of the Hudson river. In 4 TIU: II/STORY OF 11:\CKUXSACK, N. /. 16 q an act was passed by the States General of Holland gi\•ing to certain merchants of Amsterdam the exclusive right to tratlic along the river Hudson, and the adjoining territory. During the following autumn, Block, Christianson and :\fay made various explorations along th-.! present N cw Jersey coast, going as far south as the Bay of Delaware, and ns far north as Cape Cod. NEW XETIIEIH,,\ND. A large section of this territory extending from Delaware Bay northward-including New Amsterdam on the southwesterly end of Long Island-and upon both sides of the Hudson River to and beyond Ft. Orange, was named New Netherland. Such was the beginning of the Dutch Colony in the present States of New Jersey and New York. The year 1618 witnessed the establishment of the trading station of Bergen, on the west bank of the Hudson, and some 4S years thereafter permanent buildings were erected upon that site. After several contests for the possession of the new pi-ovince, the Dutch, in 167 3, ~ucceedecl in wrenching all control of that territory _from the hands of the English, and New Netherland was again recognized as the legitimate possession of Holland. But the year following, the whole of that territory was receded by the States General to England. Although the actual possession of New Netherland by Holland was thus limited by perplexing and embarrassing circumstances, and terminated after a brief period of occupancy, the influence of the Dutch pioneers yet remains, as do many of their family names, and social and religious traits. "Jersey Dutch" has become a proverbial title for many of the present inhabitants of the State. CHAPTER Ill. BRIEP COLONIAL NOTES . •\ CO~IPARISON,-TIIE :-.'A~IE-NEW JERSEY.-'l'IIE CONFLICT CH CL.\Drs.--THE lll\'ISION OF NEW JERSEY.- TIIE REUNITrnG OF TIIE TWO ('l{()\'INC.•:s. A CO~ll'Al{ISON. HE colonial history of New Jersey may be compared to what our ladies call "a crazy quilt/' made T up of a ,·aricty of pieces, of odd sizes, of various colors, of curious bits of embroidery, an THE ~,\~IE-IO~\\' JERSEY. Of the Isle of Jersey, situated in the English Channel, Sir George Carteret had been the long time go,·crnor, and to do honor to him, his grant of American soil was, thereafter, to be known as New Jersey. THE CONFLICT OF CI.ADIS. 'l'he early settlers withiit" the domain of Carteret, had first of all purchased their lands from the Indians, and next they had paid Governor Nicolls of New York for the claims he had made upon them as a part of the territory ceded to him, and hence they strenuously objected to paying the quit-rents, although small, that had been assessed by Philip Carteret. 'l'he attempt to collect those rents ended in plunging the colony into revolution, and in the deposition of Philip as governor. He was succeeded by his brother, James Carteret. Later on the Duke of York, having received a second patent for that section lying between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers, reaffirmed his former concessions to Berkeley and Carteret in New Jersey. Still later, the Duke, with the vacillation somewhat characteristic of the Royalty of his time, and without regard for the rights already conveyed to Messrs. Berkeley and Carteret, appointed Sir Edmund Andros royal governor, and charged him with the administration of all the affairs. of the province. Against all this Carteret determined to protest. His associate, Lord Berkeley, was so disgusted and disheartened by the Duke's action, that he sold his int_ercst in the g_rant to John Fenwick, in trust for Edward Byllinage. Owing to increasing financial embarrassments, Byllinage was obliged to assign his interests to Gawen Laurie, Nicholas Lucas and William Penn. G TllB IIISTORI' OF ll. .\CKBNSACK, N. ]. THE I>l\'ISION OF NE\\' JERSEY. As these as~:~nees were Quakers, they saw in their appointment an opportunity to extend the principles of th ~ir sect, that they very quickly improved. They also appealed to Carteret for a division of the province. 'ro that he agreed, and a line of division was determined upon, that ran from the easterly side of Little Egg Harbor, in a noithwesterly direction, to a point on the Delaware River a little above its point of intersection with the forty-first degree of latitude. Thus, in 16761 the province was divided, the easterly portion being retained by Carteret, and the westerly portion by Penn and the two other assignees of Byllinage. The division thus established continued until 1682 when twelve Quakers, of whom \Villiam Penn was one, purchased all of Carteret's interests from his heirs. 'l'he new proprietors appointed Robert Barclay of Aberdeen, Scotland, governor for life. His administration, terminated by his death in 1690, was marked by prosperity, and by large immigrations of Scotch Quakers and Presbyterians. ,vhen James II. came to the English throne in 1685 the colonies from Maine to Delaware were consolidated and Edmund Andros commissioned as governor. His purpose, soon discovered to be the establishment of a despotism, was thwarted indirectly by the abdication and flight of King James, and directly by his arrest and imprisonment by the people of New England, whom he had so grossly insulted and so grievously wronged. Popular government was thus restored throughout the colonies, but that did not relieve the deplorable conditions that then obtained in New Jersey. 'l'hese were the inevitable results of the conflict of claims among ,·arious present an SOME ANCIENT BOUNDARII~S. ACT DEFINING Ll-'IITS OF TOWNSHIP.-Cl\'IL ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSIIIP.-NEW HACKENS.\CK,-NEW BA RHADOES,-COURT OF S~IA LL CA USES. - THE FIRST HOUSES, .HUS far there has been sketched in a general way, and in broad outlines, the historical setting of T the picture, the details of which we are now to trace more fully. Quite a section of the territory that we have so rapidly surveyed, was set apart by an act of the General Assembly, passed in 1693, as the township of Hackensack. ACT DEFINING LDIITS OF TOWNSHIP, That act provided: "f'hat the township of Hackensack shall include all the land between Hackensack and Hudson's River that extends from the Corporation 'rown Bounds of Bergen to the Partition Line of the PrO\·ince." According to this act the old boundary lines were as follows: North: the Province line of New York. East: Hudson River. South: 'I'hc Bergen Corporation line. ,vest: 'l'he Hackensack River. 1'hercfore, it appears, that the present town of Hackensack lies to the west of, and outside of, the old boundaries. ,vithin the territory above defined the:te were found some of the finest views of the Hudson and Palisades, and the valleys adjacent thereto; while the field and the forest, the ri11 and the river, were alike highly valued for their respective products. . From the records of the Governor and Council of East Jersey in 1684, it is learned, that Casper and Alatlys J onsen obtained from the Indians, in 1677, " a parcel of land lying at Hackensack." 'rhus the Indian tribal name, as that of their village, and their river, have been perpetuated in the old deeds and records, and have thus been pre!i<:rvecl to this day. Two wealthy Hollanders, Van der Horst and Van der Cappellen attempted to establish colonies within the old township of Hackensack, but both of them met with disaster. Later, John and David De Maris purchased lands of the Indians at Hackensack, with the view, chiefly, of securing supplies of timber for a sawmill. CIVIL ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP, The civil organization of the township was effected, as nearly as can be ascertained, about 1693, and the minutes of the board of Justices and Freeholders show, that meetings were held with some degree of regularity, from 1715 to 1776-the eve of the American Revolution. The next entry upon those records was made under date of May 13th, 1778, at which time New Jersey had become one of the States of the new Republic. From 1 794 to the present time, the list of Freeholders may be accurately traced, and will be found to contain many honored names, familiar to the present residents of Hackensack. Upon the authority. of Ex-Judge Millard, it has been recorded, that in 1840, "the township was then ten miles long and from three to five miles wide." At that time its population numbered 2,631; its schools 6; its stores, 5; its sawmills 6; and its gristmills, 9. Four bridges then spanned the river, one at Hackensack, one at New Milford, one at Old Bridge and one at New Bridge, 11 NEW HACKENSACK," The Island of Barbadoes at the eastern extremity of the Lesser Antilles, was discovered by the Portuguese in _the first quarter of the sixteenth century. It is said that upon landing and exploring the island, those hardy navigators noticed that long festoons of moss swung-like gigantic beards from the branches and limbs of the trees, so they called the isla.nd Barbadoes-Bearded Isle. Of that 8 TIIH II/STORY OF 1/ACKHNSACK. ,\'. J. island the English took possession in 1625, and to it Captain John Berry and Captain "'illiam Sandford are supposed to have emigrated, in early life, from England. .\fter the English secured control in 1604 of New Amsterdam and the adjacent territory, Berry and Sandford, ,vith others, forsook the island and ,·oyagcd to the mainland, with the intention of making more abundant provision for themselves and their fam :lies. :--.EW IL\1{11,\ llOE~. Captain Sandford, in 16681 !Secured the title to a tract of more than 15,000 acres north of the junction of the Hackensack and Passaic rivers. A year later Captain John Berry and his associates obtained possession of a large section of land lying to the north of Sandford's tract. It is supposed that these two Captains agreed to call their newly acquired territory New Barbadoes. 'fhe dimensions of the ancient township have been reduced time and again by various divisions, and by legislati\•e action, until it now embraces a strip of land averaging two miles in width by about five in length, upon the west side of the Hackensack River. " 1 ithin these limits the present town of Hackensack is located. ·- , ) -. ,. ,e. ;,~,,.., ..... · ..- ·~·' '. . ,~-i COURT OF SMALL CAUSES. ~-..:• By the approval of the House of . . ,..•' Deputies, and the signature of the Governor, an act was passed in ~lay, 1688, providing for the establishment of a '' Court of Sma11 Causes for the out plantations of Berien County, and for Aqttackinick and New Barbadoes in the County of Essex." In accordance with the provisions of that act, a court was organized at New Hackensack, the name by which the settlement upon the west side of the river was then distinguished from Old Hackensack, the township on The Old Terhune :\fansion. the east side. An act passed in the same year, 1688, and subsequent acts in 1692-3, marked the beginnings of the civil orgamzation of the township. From 1682 to 1696 N cw Barbadoes was represented in the Provincial Council by Captains Berry and f-!andford and others. 'l'hc list of chosen freeholders from 1794 to 1880 presents many wcJl-known and honored names. THE FIRST HOUSES. According to a generally accepted tradition, Dr. Van Imburg built the first house in the present town of Hackensack, on the site in the rear of the Court House, and upon the southerly bank of the Hackensack creek. Another of these ancient dwellings is said to have been erected on what was known as the Verick estate. Not a few of the early settlers lived on the east ancl west sides of the river, and some in close proximity to "'l'he old Church on the Green." Generally the homes of the early settlers, although very plain, were quite commodious and comfortable. \Vithin their principal rooms blazed the great back-logs and fore-sticks, that flashed a warm greeting to all comers when the winter's snow was drifting on icy winds without. And when the shimmer of the summer noon was over the land, their vine-clad porches offered cool retreats, and the stone walls and solid window shutters invited to repose within. Industry in house and field made the spinning wheel whir under the skillful touch of the matron's hand, and the grass and grain sigh as they fell at the feet of the mowers in their steady march across the. fields. Thus their houses were builded and furnish~d, and their barns were stored with plenty. Infancy in the cradle, and old age by the fireside rested in rapt content, while those who bore the burdens of daily toil, sang in the happy consciousness of duty well done. So our forefathers labored until they entered into rest, and left to their children's children an ever increasing heritage of bounty and blessing. HACKENSACK \ ,.:i NJ. _,,,. /' Q ~ CHAPTER V. STORIES OF EARLY CONFLICTS. IXDIA:-:S - WHY X AMEi>,- PROXDIITY OF \'ILL\CiES. -THE :\IURl>ER OF VAN \'OORST.- THE HACKING· KESHACKY TRIBE. INDIAXS-WH\' NA:\IED, OLU~IBUS, when he set foot upon our ,vestern shores, supposed that he had disco,·ered India, C and very naturally he called the inhabitants whom he found here, Indians. That appellation they have borne ever. since. ,vhen the great process of colonization began, conflicts could hardly be avoided, if the white man was to advance ancl the red man to recede. Preceding the coming of the earliest settlers, the Indians were often at war among themselves, and multitudes perished upon their own battle fields. Their desire for conflict, and the stratagems of war, were not the legacies that they had received from the white men. Hence, when the Indians felt aggrieved or were wronged by the action of r.ny of the colonists, they at once resorted to their arms as a means of obtaining satisfaction or redre~s. By right of occupation and possession, the country belonged to the Indians; for it cradled their children, nourished their households, and afforded sephulcres for their dead. ,vhen the colonists came ashore, they claimed the land by virtue of discovery, of royal• patents, of their ability to dispossess the original occupants, and of their inherent racial superiority. Sometimes the fair-minded and peacably disp:)sed among the white settlers treated the Indians with consideration, and purchased the land, but, as a rule, for sums not commensurate with its real value. At other times the colonists attempted to take possession of the soil by force, and to hold it by the same means. Smarting under the sense of the wrongs inflicted .,.. upon them, the red men then retaliated and often they ~.:- became the aggressors; so the conflict for supremacy was f-',-.-~ - .....-il"'B!! -~. relentlessly waged between the two races. And when the I -~~-==------~' .i«_ ,t-~~ 1'6 ---·, h ,/-~ red man was seeking revenge, and bent upon blood-shed, l 'fl -~»/ ,,, __.., ~ it mattered little to him that he slew the innocent instead 1nd1 of the guilty, or that both alike felt his avenging blow. an Village. From the time that Hackensack was first known as a trading-post-1641-42-on to the close of the century, the war-whoop of the reel man rang again and again through the forests about the little settlement. More frequently he came unannounced, and the first intimation of his presence was the flying arrow or the falling tomahawk. PROXIMITY OF VILLAGES, Infonnation gathered from a number of sources would appear to justify the statement that the clustered cabins of the white settlers were located in close proximity to the village of the Hackensack tribe. Had the distance been greater, the peace might have been kept longer. As it was, red men and white came into frequent contact, and occasions for collisions of interests were not wanting. THE MURDER OF VAN VOORST. A story in point is to this effect. An Indian visited the Hackensack post, where he bought and drank brandy mixed with water until he became drunk. Then his beaver-skin coat was stolen from him. Recovering his senses sufficiently to make his way homewards, he went vowing vengeance upon th'3 Dutch who had made him pay for water that he could freely scoop up out of the river, and 10 TJ/E /JISTORl' OF HACKENSACK, N. J. who had also robbed him of his go,xls. Returning some time thereafter with his bow and arrows, he shot and killed narret Jonsen Van Voorst, who at that time was quietly engaged in thatching a house. Fearing retaliation, the chiefs offered in satisfaction of the widow's claims two hundred fathoms of wampum. 'l'hat offer was refm:cd, and the surrender of the murderer demanded. 'l'o that the chiefs would not assent, because the criminal had already fled to another tribe, and was himself the son of one of their chiefs. Such was the beginning of a feud that continued until the Indians were driven from that section of the country. 'l'he depredations of the Indians, continued with incrensing animosity, finally resulted, in 1643 1 in the destruction of the '.rading-post. 'l'he Hackensacks a11d the Tappans then joined hands in pillaging and burning the settlements, and in massacring the colonist~, until before the winter of that year they had driven every pale-face before them, and were 1gain the undisputed monarchs of the soil. THE HACKINGKESHACK\" TRIBE. 'I'hc Hackingkcshacky tribe boasted of its more than a thousand warriors, and of its crafty ancl powerful Sachem, Oritany, and of its exploits, as a part of the great band that in 1655 attacked New Amsterdam, and massacred the settlers of Hoboken, Pavonia and Staten Island. · Fort Amsterdam was for a long time the only place of refuge for those who fled from the Indians' tomahawk and scalping-knife. A treaty of peace was effected in 1645, that was broken by the Indians ten years later, as above noted, and then reaffirmed, after the payment by Go,•ernor Stuyvesant of a large ransom for those who had been taken captive in the assault referred to, 1'hat proved to be the cessation of hostilities, so far as the Dutch and Indians were concerned, within the old limits of Bergen County. CHAPTER VI. EARLY LEGAL PROCESSES. BARON \'AN DER CAPPEi.LEN'S COURT.-TIIE COURT OF BURGOMASTERS,-CAPTAIN BERRY'S TRIAL. HACKENSACK BECO~IES THE COUNTY SEAT.-\' ARIOUS CRIMES AND PENAI,'l'IES,-SLA\'ERY ANll SPECIAi. LA WS,-TIIE EXECUTIO~ OF SE\'ERAL NEGROES, N OERLYING all these processes, both ancient and modern, are the stu".Jborn facts of human U sin and selfishness. Eliminate these from the nature of man, and you at once do away with the necessity for courts and prisons. 'l'hnt these still remain is evidence sufficient, that our boasted civilization has not yet succeec!ecl in overthrowing the supremacy of evil in human hearts. About all that we can claim is, that our jurisprudence rests upon a broader basis of equity, and that our penalties, and our methods of enforcing them, are more in harmony with the requirements of an enlightened age. For this every citizen should be thankful, and would be, in more than a general way, could he but take time to acquaint him:;elf with the developm~nt and application of the principles of common and statute law. Several illustrations in point are furnished by the records of various trials before magistrates, and cases in the courts, in the early days of Hackensack. BARON VAN DER CAPPELLEN'S COURT. Baron Van der Cappellen, a Hollander of prominence, established a court of justice at Espatin the hill-presunubly Union Hill, where he appears to have exercised judicial authority in the adjudication of differences between the Indians and white settle·:s. gvidently his authority was more or less recognized, for in 1655 he designated his agent, Adrian Post, "to treat with the Hackensack Indians for the release of prisoners;" and in 1657 1 through another agent, Van Dincklagen, he concluded a treaty with them that required their "submission to the courts of justice at Hospating, near Hackensack." 'ro that assumption of authority by Van der Cappellen, the Director-General and Council at :\lanhattan, took exception, as an infringement upon their jurisdiction and prerogatives; and they finally succeeded in securing the recognition and supremacy that they claimed. THR COURT OF IIURGO:'.\[ASTERS. From 1652 to 1661, inclusive, and somewhat later, the Court of Burgomasters and Schepens exercised authority throughout this section of the province. In September, 1661, a local court consisting of one Schout-presiding judge-and three Schepens-magistrates-was established at Bergen. From this court, which was one of civil and criminal jurisdiction, appeal could be had to the Director-General and Council at Manhattan. Before entering upon the duties of their respccth-e positions, the officers composing that court were required to take a solemn oath, in which they declared that they would prove faithful to their various Superiors-named in the oath, and woul CAl''f AIN Bl-:RRY 1S TRIAL, Captain Jol~n Berry was a defendant in a case before such a court, as the minutes of November 11, 1673, fully prove. The offence charged was that of taking away certain hogs, from Major Kingsland, without properly informing an officer ·of their removal. Captain John Berry claimed that the hogs were his own, and made a strong defence of his action in the matter. As he had violated some of the 12 TJ/B 1//STORl' OP IIACKHXSACK, N. J. technicalities of what he called '' Dutch law," he was fined z50 guilders, which, on appeal to the High Court at Fort Amsterdam, was reduced "to 100 guilders, on condition that the defendant return the hogs or proYe them to be his, within six months." In accordance with the custom of that time, that fine was apportioned as follows: One-half O~) of the amount to the prosecutor; the first one-third (½) of the remaining one-half to the church; the second one-third(½) to the poor; and the last on~-third (½) to the court trying the case. Captain John Berry was commissioned in 1676 as the Schout of just such a court as that before which he had appeared as defendant. Seyeral of the records of those local courts contain accounts of the whipping of negroes for theft, and the execution of others, for burning barns and dwellings; and the officers that were empowered to enforce these sentences of the court, were admonished to do so, in such manner, as to make the infliction of the prescribed penalties a lasting terror to all other evil disposed persons. Provision was made in 1688 for the monthly sessions of the court for the trial of small causes "at the house of Lawrence Andriss of New Hackensack, and also 'at the house of Dr. Johannes, on the Hackensack River, then in the county of Essex, and for the inhabitants of New Barbadoes and Aquackinick.'" HACKENSACK BECOMES THE COUNTY SEAT. In 1 709 the Old lines of Bergen County were so enlarged that the territory on the west side of the Hackensack River was included therein. Thus the vilJage of Hackensack in New Barbadoes township, became a part of Bergen County. This addition of territory and of population re sulted in making Hackensack the more central and the more important place within the new county lines, and therefore the village was made the county seat. At about the same time the first Court House was built on the green near )lain Street. VARIOUS CRIMES AND PENALTIES. IH.. n O@UllTY CLiAll All!D IUIIIIHATl11 0'11011, 1nc1 .... 17". ,._-. •• m1. The laws enacted in that early day for the government of the Province, specified twelve classes of crimes for the commission of which the death penalty was to be inflicted. Of the crimes thus punishable attention may be directed to these: Setting on fire with intent to damage or destroy any house or barn, or fencing, or wood, or any corn, hay, flax, or other combustible material. \Villfully bearing false witness, or purposing to take human life, willful destruction by poison, or otherwise, of human life. Stealing any human being. For the first theft, or robbery, whether in field, highway, or house, besides enforced restitution, the offender was to have the letter T branded in his hand. For the second offence, besides restitution, the letter R was to be branded on the forehead. For the third offence, Death was prescribed. A witch, irrespective of age or sex, was to be put to death. Conspi-racy to sarprise any town or fort within the province was to be punished by death. Undutiful children, over 16 years of age, and of sound mind, who should curse or smite their natural parents-except to escape maiming or death-were, upon complaint oft.he offended parent, to pay the extreme penalty of the law. And all such crimes against nature as Moses and Paul denounced, were to be atoned for by the death of the offender. Fines were imposed for profane swearing and cursing, and for drunkenness; while for boisterous, unruly drunkards the stocks were provided. SI.A \'ERY AND SPECIAi, J,AWS. The early introduction of slavery into this province made necessary the enactment of special laws for its government. In 17 13 1 "an act for regulating slaves," placed them under various limitations in the matters of traffic and travel. When a slave was arrested and executed by due process of law, the owner, if a resident of the province, '' could recover by assignment, as it was called " thirty THB HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 13 pounds for every man so executed. If a slave were convicted of stealing any sum over sixpence and under five shillings, forty stripes were to be laid upon his back, and the owner was to pay the constable five shillings for inflicting the punishment. THE EXECUTION OF SEVERAL NEGROES, The records of 1735 contain extended accounts of the trial and conviction of a negro named Jack, for striking his master, Peter Kipp, and also threatening to take his life. The sentence reads as follows: "That is to say that ye said Negro Jack shall be brought from hence to the place from \Vhcnce he came, and there to continue until the 16 Day of This Instant August till Ten of The Clock of the morning, and then to Be Burnt Until he Is Dead at some convenient place on the Road between the Court House and Quacksack." \Vednesday, August 13, 1735, the offence was committed for which Jack was convicted, and on Saturday, August 16 1 1735 1 the sentence was carried into effect. An early example this, of II Jersey Justice;" or, shall it be said, Injustice? Two negroes charged, in 1741, upon suspicion of having set fire to several barns, were themselves burned at the stake at Yellow Point, on the east side of the Hackensack River, in the vicinity of the house of Dierech Van Horn. At the October term of General Quarter Sessions at Hackem;ack, in 1769, Thomas Quack, a negro slave of Mary Terhune, was convicted of stealing - --- -Wuii,ping l'ost. Stocks. Pillory. various articles from the house of Isaac Kipp, Jr., and was publicly whipped at the Public \Vhipping Post at the Court House, and at two other places named in the sentence. At each of the first two places he received fifteen lashes, and at the last place nine lashes; and this penalty was inflicted three times on different days, so that the culprit received 117 lashes, and all of them within a week. Two other cases are cited, and the details given, of the public scourging of the slaves, Ned and Pero, for assault and robbery. Each of those negroes was sentenced to receive 500 lashes at the rate of 100 "on each succeeding Saturday till the punishment was complete." Bnt one of the victims survived the awful ordeal, the other died on the fourth Saturday of suffering. The whipping post, stocks and pillory were employed as instruments for the punishment of crime for a long period subsequent to the Revolution. \Vith increasing enlightenment, and intensifying abhorrence for public spectacles of human suffering, the conclusion was finally reached to relegate all these agencies for human torture to the past from whence they came. And now our penalties for violation of law are much more in proportion to the nature of the crimes committed; and more in keeping with the modern idea of the reformation-if possible-of the transgressor. CHAPTER VII. REVOLU'l'IONARY 'rDIES. CAUSES FOR RE\'OLT,-PUBLIC ~IEETING AT HACKJ.:NS.-\CK.-BER(iEX COUNT\' mLITIA.-TIIE RETREAT FRO~! FORT LEE,-\\'.-\SHl~WTON AT HACKEXS:\l'K.-A PICTURE OF THE PATRIOTS. CAUSES FOR RE\'01.T. N treating this pJrtion of our history, it would be beyond the present purpose to entc'r into a I discussion of the causes that led the American Colonists to revolt against the continued domination of the :Mother Country. And for the same reason we must limit our survey of Revolutionary incidents to those relating to our local history. 'fhat our forefathers were justified in that revolt is now generally admitted by historians and statesmen; and, recently, an English official, standing- closl.! to the scat of power, Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, affirmed in a public address at Birmingham (May 13 1 1898) 1 that the (American) colonies were lost to Great Britain through "the blunder" of the then existing Government. British oppression, that finally resulted in the closing of Boston harbor early in 17 74, forced the colonists to take up arms in self-defence, and in the maintenance of the principle they had insisted upon, viz.: Xo taxation without representation. PUBLIC ~IEETIXG IX H.-\CKE~SACK. In the futherance of this end, a meeting of the citizens of Bergen ·county was held June 25, 1774, at the Court House. Hackensack. Peter Zabriskie, Esq., was made chairman, and the assembly then adopted a series of resolutions, which, while affirming allegiance to King George the Third, protested against the unwarranted and oppressive acts of Parliament, and proposed certai11 steps that wouJd promote more united and vigorous action on the part of the Colonies. BERGEN COUNT\" ~IILITL\. Quite early in 1776, the Provinci11,l Congress, which was then convened at BurJington, N. J ., made provision for the enJistment and equipment of a " battalion of foot militia in the County of Bergen." That body also arranged for the distribution of two tons of powder-furnished by the Continental Congress-among eight counties, of which Bergen County received 400 pounds. Under the direction of Lord Stirling, two good roads were projected, of which one was to run from ,veehawken to Hackensack Ferry, but' he was obliged by the arrival of larg·e number.:; of British to leave this, and other work he had planned, unfinished. Under orders from Washingto11~ bearing date of July 4, 1776, General .Mercer undertook the protection of the ferries over the Hackensack and Passaic rivers. As the expected attack of the enemy was not made along the lines anticipated, General :Mercer planned to attack the British upon Staten Island. His purpose was frustrated by the bad weather then prevailing, that prevented his taking his forces across the Kill Yan Kull. On July 17, 1776, the Provincial Congress ,vas urged by a committee of representative citizens, to purchase or build, ''four gondolas or row galleys, mounted with cannon, to ply between the mouths of Passaic and Hackensack rivers and Per.th Amboy." 'rhe reference of the petition to the Continental Congress resulted in delay, and the deferring of action until changed circumstances rendered it inexpedient. TIIB 11/STORl' OF HACKENSACK, X. J. 15 THE RETREAT FRO~! FORT I.EE. After the captnrc of i\ew York by the British, on Septemhcr 15, the conviction grew upon the officers in command at Bergen, where headquarters had been located for some time, that a retreat to the Delaware was demanded, not alone by the exigencies of the situation, but also by the purpose to save and strengthen the patriot forces for future effectiveness. From Bergen the little army withdrew on October 5, 1776, to Fort Constitution, subsequently known as Fort Lee. On the 20th of November following, Fort Lee was evacuated, and the retreat to the Delaware, via. Hackensack, was begun. 1 'l'o Thomas Paine, author of ' 1'hc American Crisis," is due this paragraph from his account of the evacuation of Fort Lee: "Such was our situation and condition at Fort Lee on the morning of the 20th of November, when an officer arrived with the information that the enemy, with 200 boats, had landed about seven or eight miles above. Major-General Greene, who commanded the garrison, immediately ordered them under arms, and sent an express to His Excellency, General ,vashington, at the town of Hackensack, distant by way of the ferry, six miles. Our first object was to secure the bridge over the Hackensack, which laid up the river, between the enemy and us-about six miles from us and three from them. General ,vashington arriyed in about three-quarters of an hour, and marched at the head of his troops towards the bridge, at which place I expected we should have a Hackensack about 1780. brush. However, they did not choose to dispute it with us, and the greatest part of our troops went over the bridge, the rest over the ferry, except some which passed at a mill on a small creek between the bridge and the ferry, and made their way through some marshy ground up to the town of Hackensack, and there passed the river." WASHINGTON AT HACKENSACK. Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn, gleaned from the '' Historical Collections," he cites, the following account of ,va5i1ington's march through and brief sojourn in Hackensack, and the best service we can render our readers, at this point, is to- quote that narrative: "Washington, at the head of his army, consisting only of about 3,000 men, having sent on his baggage to Acquackenouch, crossed the new bridge into the town-(Mr. Romeyn writes: This crossing was made at a point now called '' Old Bridge," about four miles north of Hackensack village). It was about dusk when the head of the troops entered Hackensack. The night was dark, cold and rainy, but I had a fair view of them from the light of the windows as they passed on our ~icle of the street. 'I'hey marched two abreast, looked ragged, some without a shoe to their feet, and most of them wrapped . up in their blankets. ,vashington then, and for some time previous, had his headquarters at the residence of l\fr. Peter Zabriskie, a private house, now called ''l'he Mansion House,' the supplies for the General's table being furnished by Mr. Archibald Campbell, the Tavern Keeper. The next evening after the Americans had passed through, the British encamped on the 16 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. opposite side of the river. ,ve could sec their fires about 100 yards apart gleaming brilliantly in the gloom of the night, extending some distance below the town, and more than a mile up toward the New Bridge. \Vashington was still at his quarters, and had with him his suite, life-guard, a company of foot, a regiment of cavalry, and some soldiers from the rear of the army. "In the morning before the General left, he rode clown to the dock where the bridge now is, viewed the enemy's encampment about ten or fifteen minutes, and then returned to l\fr. Campbell's door and called for some wine and water. After he had drank and Mr. Campbell had taken the glass from him, the latter with tears streaming down his face, said, 'General what shall I do? I have a family of small children and a little property here; shall I leave them?' \Vashington kindly took his hand and replied, ':Mr. Campbell, stay by your family and keep 11e11tral/ then bidding him good-bye, rode off. "About noon the next day the British took possession of the town, and in the afternoon the Green was covered with Hessians, a horrible sight to the inhabitants. There were between 3000 and 4000, with their whiskers, brass caps and kettles, or brass drums. A part of these troops were taken prisoners two months after at Trenton." A PICTURE or THE PATRIOTS. "They marched two abreast, looked ragged, some without a shoe to their feet, and most of them wrapped np in their blankets," \Vhat a picture t11ese words suggest of the condition of that struggling band of patriots as they marched through our streets that cold and rainy night. 'fhe privation and s1iffering to which they were wilting to submit was a measure of their deyotion to the cause they had espoused. Many are wiJJing to be patriots upon dress parade-but no further. Our revolutionary fathers were patriots when every step meant blood drops along the way; and when every mile of travel meant intensified suffering. Ah! they were men of heroic mould, of inflexible purpose, of unconquerable devotion to freedom and righteousness, whose example their children's children may well emulate. CHAPTER VII I. 'l'OR Y AND BRITISH RAIDS. CO\'ETEI> l'O~SESSIONS.- L\:N IIUSKmK's 1um.- BRITISH A:NI> Hl::SSL\X RAID Ul'OX HACKEXSACK.-TIIE ATTACK ll\' :\UJOR·tiE:NERAL HEATH.- RETALIATIO:N.-THE SUFFERERS AT HO:\IE, COYETEU POSSESSIONS. HE thrifty Dutch farmers of Bergen County had, by their patience and perseverance, T transformed the lands they had acquired into rich and productive farms, where grass and grain, sheep and, cattle, well repaid their industry. Over this fair land the British officers and soldiers frequently cast their envious glances, and then devoted themselves to planning raids that should nut them in possession of its coveted supplies. '!'he coming and presence of the British forces afforded an opportunity for many to declare their loyalty to the Crown, and, of these, some accepted the leadership of companies of refugees, or of 'l'ories and soldiers, and sometimes of Tories and Indians, who gave themselves up to pillaging and murdering the peaceful inhabitants. The accounts of these raids, transcribed below, are taken from '!'he State Historical Collection:~: also quoted by F. B. Romeyn. VAN llUSKIRK's RAID. "Northward from Hackensack a few miles some of the most serious depredations were made. Among these was a Tory raid of an lnmdred men, led by Col~nel Van Buskirk, who on the· 10th of May, 1779, entered by way of Closter, and carried off a number of inhabitants; firing buildings, as well as destroying life. Another detachment swept desolation on the 17th, and not a house of a " 7hig e,;capcd. In the first of these raids Cornelius Tallman, Samuel Demarest, Jacob Cole, George Buskirk, were captured. Cornelius Demarest was killed, and Henderick Demarest, Jercmiah \V cstervelt and Dow \Vesten·elt were wounded. 'l'he buildings of Peter Demarest, ~latthew Bogert, Cornelius Hyler and Samuel Demarest were burned, In the latter Abram Allen and George Campbell were murdered, Jacob Zabriskie was stabbed in fifteen places, and two ncgro women were shot down." It is doubtless to thcs,"! very same raids that reference. is made in a letter from Closter dated ~lay 10, 1779; and quoted in the History of Bergen County, page 77. 'l'hat letter adds some details not given in the preceding account and is therefore transcribed: '' This clay about one hundred of the enemy came by the way of the New Dock, attacked the place, and carried off Cornelius Tallman, Samuel Demarest, Jacob Cole and George Buskirk; killed Cornelius Demarest; wounded Hcnclerkk Demarest, Jeremiah \Vestervelt, Dow 'l'allman, etc. 'l'hey burnt the houses of Cornelius Demarest, ~Iatthias Bogert aml Cornelius Huyler, Samuel Demarest's house and barn, John Banta's house and barn, and Cornelius Bogert's ancl John \Vestervelt's barns. 'l'hey attempted to burn every building they entered, but the fire was in some places extinguished. 'l'hey destroyed all the furniture, etc., in many houseH and abused many of the women. In their retreat they were so closely pursued by the Militia and a few Continental troops that they took off no cattle. They were of Ruskirk's corps-some of our Closte.: and ol URITISB ANI> HESSIAN RAID UPON HACKENSACK, Another of th.cse raids is described as follows: '' In the latter part of :March, 1780, a party of about four hundred British Hessiat sand refugees passed through Hackensack on their way to attack some Pennsylvania troops at Paramus. It was about three o'clock in the night when they entered the lower part of the town. All was quiet. A small company of twenty or thirty l\Iilitia, under Captain 18 THE HISTORY OF ll.4CKBNSACK, N.]. John Outwater, had retired for the night to the barracks, barns and outhouses, where those friendly to the American cause generaJly resorted to rest. One-half of the enemy marched quietly through, when the rear, consisting mostly of Hessiar.s, arrived, they broke open the doors and windows, robbed and plundered and took prisoners a few peaceable inhabitants, among whom \\'as Mr. Archibald Campbell. This gentleman, who had been for several weeks confined to his bed with the rheumatism, they forced into the street and compelled to follow them. Often in their rear, they threatened to shoot him if he did not hasten his pace. In the subsequent confusion he escaped and hid in the cellar of a house opposite New Bridge. He lived until 17981 and never e.i-p,·ru11ccd a return of lite rheumatism." Mr. Romeyn gives another version of that incident to this effect: "He is said to have escaped at New Bridge by hiding under the bridge, and standing, as one version of the affair has it, for some time in two feet of water, which hydropathic treatment may account for the fact that he was cured of his painful disease, unless we may suppose that vigorous bodily exercise at the point of a bayonet, or a good thorough fright, could serve as a curative." The first narrative continues: "The Hessians burnt two dwellings and the Court House. The latter stood on the west side of the green, eight or ten rods from Campbell's tavern. Fortunately the wind was from the west, and drove the flames and sparks over the green, and the tavern was saved by the family throwing water over the roof. At this time those in the outhouses were aroused, and the Militia hastened across the fields, mounted horses, and alarmed the troops at Paramus. By the time the enemy had arrived at what is now Red Mills, four miles from Hackensack, they ascertained the Americans were on the way to meet them. Disappointed, they retraced their steps, and when near Hackensack tui-ned off to the north, on the road leading to New Bridge (Olcl Bridge), to the left of which there is a range about half a mile distant from the road, the intervening ground being level. Here the Continentals and Militia were hurrying over, kept, howe\·er, at a distance by large flanking parties of the enemy, who, on arriving at the bridge, were detained about two hours in replacing the plank torn up by the Americans. In the meantime their partie.,; were skirmishing with our people. Having crossed over, they marched down the east side of the Hackensack through the English neighborhood, being pursued twelve miles to a considerable distance within their lines, clown to Bergen ,voods. They lost many killed and wounded. There were none killed on our side, A young man of the town was wounded by a spent ball, which cut his upper lip, knocked out four teeth, and was caught in his mouth. Captain Outwater received a ball below the knee that was never extracted. He carried it for many years, and it was buried with him." THE A1'TACK II\' MAJOR-GENERAi. HRATH. The account of another raid is to this effect: "In December, 1776, it was reported that there were at Hackensack about one thousand of the enemy, and the suggestion of Huntington to Major-General Heath was to intercept them in their foragings. The latter on the 14th expressed his purpose to sweep the village, which he did the next day. Making a for RETALIATION, It must not be supposed that all this plundering of their fields, and despoiling of their houses, was submitted to by the Colonists without any attempt at reprisal or the infliction of merited punishment. An item quoted from the N. Y. ~Icrcury of August 3, 1778 states that, "A party of rebel light-horse came down as far as Bergen Point last Tuesday night (July 28th), and returned next morning toward Hackensack. 'fhey visited Hackensack on their ,vay and carried off a great number of cattle from the inhabitants." These narratives have been quoted verbatim, for several reasons, viz: By whomsoever used heretofore, they have all been accredited to their common original sources. To attempt to revise or to recast them, would be to mar them more or less. Generally they were written by participants in the events described, and they state the facts in a terse and lucid manner, that best conveys to the reader strong impressions of what transpired in those stirring and trying times, THE SUl-'FERERS AT HOME, No one can peruse these various accounts without learning that the soldiers on the field were not the only ones who suffered in achieving the independence of the American Colonies. All honor to the noble sisterhood of American households, who bore so unflinchingly all the evils and injuries, ruffians might inflict upon them, and to which their, -:>ftentimes, isolated and unprotected sitnation exp,lsed them. And they who labored to provide sustenance for the American armies, and the fruits of whose toil were often destroyed or carried off before their very eyes, and who still persevered in their efforts to supply food and forage '' for man and beast," are also worthy of the meed of praise and the gratitude of their descendants, CHAPTER IX. THREE CO~DIANDERS. COL. AARO:-: IIURR.-COL. GEOR(:J,: ll.\\'LOR,-BRIG,-(;EX, E:"\OCII POOR, HEY find place and mention here, for a reason previously given, and that has governeii. in the T seicction of the subject matter of this portion of the work, viz., their relation to our local history. COL. AARON IIURR, Of one of them ~Ir. Romeyn wrote as follows: "It was just abo,·e the village of Hackensack, about two miles, in September, 1777, that Col. Burr (Aaro~1 Burr) played a. very active part which gave him his first military reputation. Hearing, at the point where his regiment was lying, that the British had marched out of New York, and were devastating the country, and were within thirty miles of him, he started to meet them with his small force, About ten o'clock in the evening, when within three miles of Hackensack, he received information that the most advanced of the enemy pickets were only a mile distant. His men having marched thirty miles since breaking camp, and being extremely fatigued, he ordered them to lie down and keep silent until he returned. In a few moments they were all a~leep. In the meanwhile, Col. Burr went forward alone to reconnoitre. Stealthily he felt his way toward the picket, and found them lying on the ground guarded by the sentinels. He was near enough to hear their watd1word. He ascertained by making a wide detour that this picket was so far in advance of the main body as to be out of hearing. In gaining this information, so much time was spent, that it was within an hour of daybreak before he returned to his regiment. Quietly and quickly waking hi:,; men, he informed them of his purpose to attack the enemy's picket, and ordered them to follow a certain distance, and forbade any man to speak on pain of instant death. So accurately Jiad the Colonel noted the locality and calculated the position of the sentinels, that he was able to lead his men between those two unsuspecting individuals at the moment when they were furthest apart; ancl he was almost upon the sleeping picket before a man of it began to stir. ,vhen at a distance of ten yards, Burr was challenged by a sentinel, whom he immediately shot dead, and then gave the word of attack. One officer, a sergeant, a corporal and twenty-seven privates fell into their hands, on this occasion. Only one of the pickets besides the sentinel, made any resistance, and he was overpowered after he had received two bayonet wounds. He attempted to march away with his comrades, but after going a short distance was compelled to lie llown exhausted and fainting- from loss of blood. '' Gu a little further my good fellow," said Burr, "ard '.\'C ,vill get a surgeon for you." ''Ah!" gasped the dying veteran, "all the doctors in America can do me no service, for I am a dying man; but it grieves me sore to the heart that I have served tny King upward of twenty years, and at length must die with a ehargecl musket in my hand," COi,, liEOR<.iE IIA\'LOR. From the more extended account, found in the history of Bergen and Passaic Counties, we extract the following statements: Sir Henry Clinton, the British Commander, to divert attention from some of his projected military movements, ordered Lord Cornwallis, :\Iaj.-Gen. Charles Grey, and Gen. Knyphauscn, to undertake a foraging expedition into East N cw Jcrsey. Gen. ,vashington, in order to check this movement of the British up the Hudson, '' ordered Col. Baylor with the Third Regiment Light Dragoons of Virginia, to move from their station at Paramus, a small hamlet on Saddle River about six miles northwet;t from Hackensack, and post themselves on the Hackensack River to watch the movements northward of the force under Lord Cornwallis. Col. Baylor had up to this time proved himself a very gallant officer." 71/E ll/S1'0RY OF IIACKBNSACK, N. J. 21 "It was just at twilight, September 27, 1778, when Col. Baylor and his troopers came to the Jittle stream of the Hackensack, somewhat oYcr three miles southwest from Tappan Village. Herc he learned that Brig. -Gen. Anthony ,vayne was but a short distance north of Tappan with a body of ~Jilitia. So fearing, perhaps, the superior rank of \Vayne, and not wishing to lose his detached. authority, he halted his men on the Overkill Neighborhood Road, and quartered his dragoons in the barns of thrifty farmers. His force consisted of twelve officers and one hundred and four enlisted men. Col. Baylor with his regimental staff-officers, knocked at the farm house of Cornelius A. Haring, and his son Ralph, who had just been married, opened the cloor for them. They told ~Ir. Haring of their desire to spend the night there, and he received them willingly, although he informed them that he understood the British were lying at New Bridge and might at any time come upon them. Col. Baylor did not appear alarmed at this statement, but after seeing that his men were well provided for, and after posting a guard of sergeant and tweke men at the bridge over the Hackensack, about half a mile south of Mr. Haring's house, with strict orders to keep a patrol of two men on each road to watch them a mile below and to be relieved every hour, he retirad to sleep in fancied security." ~Ieanwhile Maj.-Gen. Grey-known as "No-flint General," from his habit of ordering his troops to take the flints from their guns, and depend on their bayonets-advanced to make the ordered attack up:m Col. Baylor. The remainder of the story is soon told. "The troops (British) just before midnight, September 27th, marched on the road on the west bank of the Hackensack River silently and in perfect order until they arrived within half a mile of the patrol on that road. Here they halted, and, guicled by some Tories who knew the ground, a party of picked men * * * made a detour to the left through the fields, and then passed to the rear of the sergeants' guard at the bridge and tlw patrol on the river road, and without the slightest diffi culty made them prisoners. One, at least, however, escaped. '!'he sentinel who had escaped from the serg·eants' guard at the Bridge awoke Ralph Haring, who aroused his father. 1'he waruing, however, came too late, as the British soldiers were upon the heels of the sentinel, and burst into the house with the cry of 'no quarter to the rebels.' Then the brutal soldiers b<.!gan to bayonet the inmates. Lieut. lieneral Poor's I,ast Resting Place. John Smith and his company, quartered in the barn, were quickly surrounded, ancl although they surrendered, were inhumanly treated and wounded, and but a few escaped. Other houses and barns in the neighborhood, where the American soldiers had been quartered, were visited by the British troops and the scenes of cruelty and bloodshed repeated. ''I'he cries for mercy of the defenseless soldiers were answered only by acts of savage cruelty.__' '1'he dragoons, surprised, incapable of successful defense, with no prospect of inflicting injury on their foe, could only sue for pity. But the bayonet was still at its bloody work, and thrust after thrust was given whenever any sign of life appeared.' "The result of this slaughter was that out of the one hundred and sixteen men of the regiment, eleven were instantly bayoneted to death, seventeen left behind covered with bayonet-wounds and expected to die, and thirty-nine were taken prisoners, eight of whom were severely wounded, The rest of the troopers escaped in the darkness, All the arms and seventy horses were part of the booty captured." '' A strong feeling- of indignation spread over the country, when this cruel massacre was an nounced." "The affair, while it seemed so very brutal, was also certainly very impolitic, as the kill ing a few defensless men in the night would hardly reward the enemy for the bitter hatred engendered in the hearts an.d openly expressed in the homes of the patriots." Congress, by special resolution, di rected an investigation of the affair, by Gov. Livingston, and when he had secured the desired in formation, his report of the barbarous action was published to the world, and served to keep alive for two generations thereafter, the feelings of hatred cherished by Americans toward their former foes...... ')') Tl/B HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. While great sympathy was expressed for Col. Baylor, his carelessness and unsoldierly conduct under the circumstances brought upon him severe and merited condemnation. BRIG, ·GEN, ENOCH l'OOR, "In September, 1780, the American army lay at Kindcrhamack, in what is now \Vashington township, Bergen County. \Vhile here, on the 8th of September, occurred the death of Brig.-Gen. Enoch Poor." A military journal of September 10th, I 7801 records the following: "\Ve are now lamenting the loss of Brigadier-General Poor, who died last night of putrid fever. His funeral solemnities have been attended this afternoon. The corpse was brought this morning from Paramus, and left at a house about a mile from the burying-yard at Hackensack, whence it was attended to the place of interment by the following procession: A regiment of light infantry in uniform with arms reversed; four field pieces; Major Lee's regiment of light horse; General Hand and his Brigade; the Major on horseback; two chaplains; the horse of the deceased, with his boots and spurs suspended from the saddle, led by a servant; the corpse borne by four sergeants, and the pall supported by six general officers. The coffin was of mahogany, and a pair of pistols, and two swords crossing each other, an·d tied with black crape, were placed on the top. The corpse was followed by the officers of the New Hampshire brigade, the officers of the brigade of light infantry which the diseased had lately commanded. Other officers fell in promiscuously, and were followed by His Excellency, General "rashington, and other general officers. Having arrived at the burying-yard the troops opened to the right and left, resting on their arms reversed. · And the procession passed to the grave (in the yard of the First Reformed Dutch Church of Hackensack) where a short eulogy was delivered by the Rev. l\fr. Evans. A band of music with a number of drums and fifes played a funeral dirge, the drums were muffled with black crape, and the officers in the procession wore crape around the left arm. 1 ' The regiment of light infantry were in handsome uniform, and wore in their caps long feathers of black and red. The elegant regiment of horse, commanded by l\fajor Lee, in complete uniform and well disciplined, exhibited a martial and noble appearance." On the tablet covering his remains this inscription may be found: 11 In memory of Hon. Brig.. Gen. Enoch Poor of the State of New Hampshire, who departed this life on the 8th of September, 1780, aged 44 years." '\Vashington, Lafayette and a portion of the American army attended the funeral of Gen. Poor. In 1824 Lafayette revisited this grave and turning away much affected, exclaimed, "Ah! that was one of my Generals." Brigadier-General Poor, who was a native of New Hampshire, received that title in 1777, and was one of the most competent and respected officers of the Continental army, and served throughout his career, in which he rose rapidly through the ranks, from Colonel to General, with distinction and honor. CHAPTER X. REVOLUTIONARY STRIATION. JOii~ BERRY.-,\ RAID FOR CATTLE.-TESTING I.OYALTY.-THE CONFISCATION OF ESTA'l'ES,-HONORltD NAMES,-A RE\'OLUTIONAR\' REMINISCENCE, N THE treatment of this portion of the subject, reference has been made, of necessity, to such I historical works and records as were available. From these some additional particulars have heen gleaned, relating to incidents and events, that are due, altogether, to the revolutionary conflict. As heretofore, the selection of material has been determined by its relation to local history. To those who had pledged themselves and their earthly an to the cause of liberty, it must have been a severe trial to have their former neighbors and friends deliberately array themselves against them, and, thenceforth, as enemies seek to destroy their property and lives. JOHN BERRY. During the revolutionary period, John Derry, an Englishman, became so noted for his merciless assaults upon his former acquaintances that his name became a synonym for crudty, and he himself a terror throughout this section of the province. For a long time a reward of one thousand pounds was offered for his arrest. Going out, upon one occasion, with a British foraging party, he was shot in the engagement with the Militia that had been sent out to intercept them. He attempted to conceal himself under a fallen tree, but was discovered by Samuel Van Valen and James Blauvel~, who at once recognized him, and raised their weapons to fire upon him. He immediately surrendered, and was brought in a wagon to Hackensack, Being fatally wounded by the first shot he had received, he soon died, and was buried near what is now Kansas street. A RAID FOR CATTI.E. The New Jersey Journal of September 5, 1781, contains this item: "Last \Vednesday evening a party of \Vard 's plunderers from Bergen N eek, came to the neighborhood of Hackensack, where they collected a number of cattle, which the inhabitants retook, and killed and wounded several of the miscreants. 11 TESTING LOYALT\'. In the fall of 1776 the Legislature assembled at Princeton felt called upon to pass certain acts for the abjuration of allegiance to the crown, and the dedaration of loyalty to the existing government of the State. The first of these oaths was to this effect: 11 I, A. B., do sincerely profess and swear (or, if one of the people called Quakers, affirm) Tht1t I do not /10/d 111J'St'/f bound to bet11• allegiance to tltt King of Great Britain. So help me God.'' The second ran tl111s: "I, A. B,, do sincerely profess and swear (or, if one of the people called Quakers, affirm) T/1at I do and will bear true Faitlt a11d Allegianct to the Government rstabli'sked in /Ids State under the authority of the people. So help me God." Provision was also made for the arrest and trial, the fine and imprisonment of such persons ns refused to prove their loyalty to the State, by subscribing to the new oaths. THE CONFISCATION OF EST ATES. Legat processes were also instituted for obtaining, by confiscation, possession of the estates and personal property of " Traitors and Disaffected Persons," Commissioners and agents were appointed in accordance with the various acts of the Legislature relating to this suhject, to sell and dispose of 1'1/H IIIS1'0Rl' OF IIACI~H,VSACK, N. J. such estates as might be confiscatecl. 'l'hc records show that in the township and vil1age of Hackensack quite a number of such estates were sold. \Vithout mentioning names or estates the following sums are quoted as showing valuations. First estate solcl for £4,734; 2d, ,(204,165; 3d, .1-:1,125; 4th, £234.75; 5th, ;(3,778; 6th, £3,367; 7th, .£1 1 320 ios. 9<1. It may be interesting to note the form-in part-of one of the deeds given to the purchasers of such estates. '' 'l'o all to whom these presents come, or may concern, Greeting: ,vhereas lately, that is to say, of the term of January last, a \Vrit or Process, directed to me, Cornelius Haring, Agent of Forfeited Estates in the, County of Bergen, in the State of New Jersey, issued out of New Jersey, issued out of the Court of Common Pleas held at New Barbadoes, in and for the County of Bergen, setting forth that of the term of ~larch in the year of c,ur Lord one thousand seven hundred and se,·enty-nine, in the Court of Common Pleas held at Pompton in and for the County aforesaid, before t~1e judges of the same Court final judgment was had an entered in favor of the State of New Jersey, pursuant to the Laws, against Lewis Miltenherry for joining the army of the King of Great Britain, etc., and returned to the said Court: And thereupon I, the said agent was in and by the writ or process aforesaid commanded and required to sell and dispose of all and sit~gular the lands, tenem~nts, and hercditemcnts so held in fee or for term of life and personally all Estate Real of whatsoever kind belonging· or lately belonging to the said Lewis Miltenberry within the County of Bergen, ?.s in and by the said writ or Process, and the Record thereof in the Clerk's Office of the said County of Bergen, etc., etc., * *. * did expose and cause the said premises to be sold. at public sale or vendue to Albert ,vilson, etc., etc., * * * then and there being the highest bidder for the sum of seventy-four pounds lawful money of the said State of New Jersey, first having duly advertised and published the sale thereof." JI OXOR El> N ,\ ~I ES. Upon the roll of names of those enJisted as soldiers in the Revolutionary Army arc found such as are quite familiar to present J'esidents of Hackensack. For instance, the Ackermans, Ifantas, Blauvelts, Demarests, Fcrdons, 'l'crhunes, Vandcrbccks and Van Vorhees, are all well represented on that ancient and honorable list, to which the name of J oht! labriskie is attached as Lieutenant Coloncl. The im•cntory of goods and chattels destroyed by the British in the old township of Hackemuck from 1776 to 1782, while the gal1ant defenders of liberty were upon the field of battle, exhibited losses aggregating thousands of pounds. lncludccl in thnt list of lost possessions arc not a few of the books of Rev. Mr. Romeyn, the pastor then of the old church on the green; Crnden's Concordance; Dr. \Vatts' Sermons, two volumes in one; Edwards on the \Vill; Original Sin; Religious Affections; )Iilton's \Vorks, Prose and Poetry, and McLaurin's Essays, arc some of the titles on the list Mr. Romeyn furnished the authorities. A RE\"Ot.l:TIOX,\R\" RElllNISCF.:'\CE, It is related by our worthy citizen, 11r. Henry Vanderbeck, of River street, that in 17 78, a party of British soldiers came up the Hackensack River and burned the Court House and raided the neigh boring farmhouses. Among the places visited was the house of his grandfather, Paul Vandctbcck, situated near the present home of the gran Some two hours later, two British officers rode up and asked Mrs. Vanderbeck if she could furnish them with something to eat, and she informed them that their Hessian troopers had stolen everything she had to eat, except a loaf of bread which she had hidden and the cream which she was inst about to churn when the raid took place. They told her to place the cream in th~ churn and Th: Green in 1820. they would do the churning for her, which they did. \Vhen they observed Mrs. Vanderbeck working the butter with a wooden ladle, they expressed surprise and commented on the superiority. of this method over that of working it with the hand, such as prevailed in their country. After being supplied with the remaining loaf, and the new made butter, and a liberal quantity of fresh milk, they each gave her a guinea to compensate her for her loss and took their departure. CHAPTER XI. 1'HE ~IARCH OF IMPROVE~IEN'l'. GENERAL CONDITIONS.-cmrn1ssiox1rns OF HWHWA YS.-TIIE JIRIDGE COMPAXU-:5,-STEA)I FERRIES.-THE FIRST RAILROAI>S.-Alll)ITJOX AL DATA. GE.NF.RAJ. CONDITIONS, OLLO\VING upon the declaration of peace, and the signing of treaties in 1782-84, between Great F Britain and the United States, came an era of recuperation, from the effects of the long and severe conflicts upon many a field of battle, and the depredations committed upon many a ficJd of husbandry. The Continental soldiers returned, so far as able, to their former avocations, and with that versatility and energy that are characteristic of the Yankee Nation, applied thcmsclvrs industriously to the betterment of existing conditions. Ere long, blackened ruins were replaced by substantial dwellings, the cultivation of neglected fields resumed, and the long silent mill wheels again set turning. As soon as individual comfort and circumstances would permit, attention was directed to much needed public improvements. And the people of various States, Cities nnd 'I'owns, addressed themselves with such zeal to the duty of developing their material resources, and opening up highways for their increasing commerce, that ere long the evidences of their advancement were patent to all men. Even in that early day the influence of New York City was felt in North Eastern New Jersey, ancl that portion of her people adjacent to the infant metropolis of the Republic, was brought into close contact with her enterprising citizens, and into hearty co-operation with their progressive movements. This relation was not one of dependence simply; for New Jersey could name her own men of recognized prominence in the conduct of public affairs, and commercial enterprises. CO~DIISSIONERS OF HIGHWA Yl-, \Vhen the records of the legislation of that early era arc examined, they show that prov1s10n was made by the General Assembly, in 170,t, for the appointment by the grand jury of each county-subject to the approval of the bench-of two persons in each county, district or township, who should serve as commissioners of highways. Those officers were to lay out all necessary_ roads, all to be four rods in width, and to adjust the compensation to be paid for labor and material employed upon the same. There is some reason for believing that the road laid out June 31 r 7 18 1 from '' CrowkilJ to ,vhehocken Ferry'' became a part of the Hackensack Turnpike, 'l'hnt road was laid out and constructed in 1804 by. The Bergen Turnpike Company, that had been incorporated two years previously. 'J'HE liRIDGE COMPANIES. Several ferries that had been suspended during the war were repaired at its close, and were used for years thereafter, until, one by one, they were superseded by bridges. In J 797 a company was incorporated, known as '' The Proprietors of the Bridges o\•er the Rivers Passaic ancl Hackensack," to which was granted exclusive rights in the erection and C(?ntrol of said bridges for ninety-seven years from November 24, 1792, The Board of Freeholders, in 1819, appointed a committee of three persons to superintend the bridges at Old Bridge, New Bridge and the Hacken• sack Bridge. Hy Act of Legislature, in 1828,, a committee was appointed to enlarge the draw in the bridge at Hackensack village. "" ~··-~ , __ -- --, ,.,,,.,. ..- ---- . -~"' -ti~ ,., ~~---·------ ---·------· ~ -.'. .. , t . ,.,,I •~,-•~>.,/4: .,,~l11>·--i:• .' ' ;'' ~~i - . j Anderson Street, Looking Towards R. R. Stat1on. Pauaic Street from Linden. Prospect Avenue Station-The Heights. Ovedook A,·enue, Lookin~ South. THE HEIGHTS. Prospect Avenue, Looking North. ;'t I li;'I.., J: -- :~1 .#•. .,l ),\ ':.· .. ~ i ,(-i ~ :"c!l i~ lt9 . ""'✓.... i~ ...... ,,,,t ~~,,, ~ \~ ~! ~x .\f ---_,. - -·-· 1)1 \o\•L. .------... ---- -·--- ·-·- ---·----··· . ------···· . ·- ·-·--····---,--J t Ji!£~~ ·JJ-.c--.r~ ~-":ii:·~ IJ,-.C,.._... ,.'~~~-ca,..•:,..~, ..,.-,.,-~ ~'C)~ '~ ...... r <; ; ~" ~ • ., 4'.'·· .-:7,~ ,:,.,,>-,;. .~,;; Hackensack from the Heights. Hackensack from Overlook Avenur. Central Avenue from thr- Heights. River N. E. from Anderson Street Bridge. River from Foot of Passaic Street. TUB II/STORY OF lIACKBNS.-lCK, N. ]. 27 STEA~[ FERRIES, 'l'o recount the various attempts to utilize steam ferryboats in the conveyance oi passengers and teams across the Hudson River from Hoboken and Jersey City to New York, would lead too far alield, so that we must be corltent with this statement of the most satisfactory result then obtainable. A writer quoted, in the History of Bergen and Passaic Counties, states, under date of July 18, 1812: "I crossed the North River yesterday in a steamboat with my family in my carriage, without alighting therefrom, in fourteen minutes, with an immense crowd of passengers. I cannot express to you how much the public mind appeared to be gratified at finding so large and so safe a machine going so well. On both shores were thousands of people viewing this pleasing object." Obviously, the establishment of such satisfactory means of transit from shore to shore, brought New Jersey and New York into closer proximity, and contributed largely to the building up of great business enterprises and the development of inter-state traffic. THE FIRST RAILROADS, Upon reliable authority the statement is made, that the first railroad in America was constructed about 1820, by Colonel John Stevens, at Hoboken, N. J. It was a short experimental line, having a middle rail, provided with teeth, to engage a cog-wheel connected with the machinery of the engine, as the engineers of that day were not satisfied that there was sufficient traction in the ordinary plain driving wheels to draw a heavily Joadecl train. Subsequently, as practical· knowledge of railroads and locomotives was acquired, various companies were incorporated for the construction, equipment and operation of such lines of traffic. Beginning with "The Paterson and Hudson River Railroad,'' in 1831; "The New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company," in 1832; The :Morris and Essex Railroad Company," in 1835; and "'rhe Eric" (in New Jersey), in 1853 1 we reach "The New Jersey ~Iidland Company," in 1867. 'l'hc sum to be raised in Hackensack and vicinity to secure the passage of this road through the village was $100,000, which was .secured in 1870-71. The first train over this road, between Hackensack and Paterson, was run early in the morning of March 18, 1872, and carried about thirty passengers. A pleasing incident in connection with the formal opening of this road, and the public clinner given at the time, at g)lenville, was the toast offered by Hon. H. D. \V.inton, of the Bergen County Democrat; "Hon. C. A. ,vortendyke, projector of the New Jersey Midland Railway." To that toast l\Ir. \Vortendyke--the president of the road-responded in a brief but effective manner. He was followed by Ex-Governor Price, who paid a tribute to Mr. \Vortcndyke's energy and skill in securing the completion of the road. l\lr. "'inton has been spared to see most marked improvements in that and other roads since he took part in the honors of that occasion. For sometime this road has been known as the New York, Susquehanna and \Vestern. 'l'he Hackensack and New York Railroad-later the New Jersey and New York--was incorporated in 1856, and on March 41 1870, the first excursion train made a trip over the road, which was open as far north as Hillsdale. Both of these roads have since passed to the control of 'l'hc Erie Company. AIJ])JTIONAL DATA. Elsewhere in this volume will be found a statement of the present facilities for travel that are accorded the citizens of Hackensack. ,vith the increase in populatior. and in accumulated wealth, there arose demands for the establishment of mills, factories at1d various manufacturing establishments. These have not only furnished employment to multitudes of operatives, but have also, through the distribution of wages, materially contributed to the general prosperity of the communities in which they have been located. And although Hackensack has become very largely a place of residence for men of all classes engaged in business in New York City, still the town has shared in all the developments due to the establishment of manufactories, and has several within its borders. An account of these ,vill be found in another place. CHAPTER XII. EDUCATIONAL BEGINNINGS. 1 A PR DIAL LAW.- THE (. '.{JG I-SAL 1.0G SCHOOL HOUSE.- ' TIU: l. lTTLE RED SCHOOL HOUSE, "-THE TEXT 0 IIOOKS.-QUEEX S COLLEGE.- WASHINGTON ACADE~ff.- LAFAYETTE ACADEMY, -THE HACKEN~ACK ACAI>DIY.- A FURTHER SURVEY, HE recognition, by the Mother Country, of the independence of her former Colonies, brought T to those upon whom rested the responsibility for theit' peace and prosperity and perpetuity an increased measure and realization of their obligations. A PRL\IAL LA\\', Self-preservation was instantly recognized as a primal law of governments, as of individuals, How best to assure the fuJfillment of its obligations, was a question to which much attention was given. It was readily seen that only an intelligent constituency could safely be entrusted with the maintenance of free institutions. For the proper discharge of the functions of American citizenship, an educational system that was essentially American must be established. The prevention of illiteracy and all its attendant perils, necessitated education under the supervision of the State. Ignorance must not he allowed to become the bane of the Republic, or the cause for its overthrow. THE ORWINAL LOG SCHOOL HOUSE. )lost wisely did the forefathers and founders of the Republic determine that the great ageucy to be employed in the prevention of ignorance and the diffusion of knowledge should be the public school, planted in every district of c,·ery Commonwealth. 11 "THE LITTLE RED SCHOOL HOUSE. No sooner was that conclusion reached than a beginning was made, in the erection, here and there, of the "little red school house," where sessions were held two months in the winter, and for the same time in the summer. The winter school, taught by a man, was for the benefit of the boys, and the summer session, under the care of a woman, was for the instruction of the girls. At that time the teachers '' boarded around," regulating the length of their stay in different homes hy the number of their pupils in each family. The daily routine of instruction was not supposed to be extended far beyond "the three R's." But as the English pound and the Spanish milted dollar were the units of value, and as both pound and do1lar possessed different valuations in different States, the teaching of a boy how to keep accounts and "make change," was no small matter. THE TEXT HOOKS. 'rl.e text books in those early days were few, the principal ones being Noah \Vebster's Am~rican Spelling Book, Cheever's Accidenc.e (Rudiments of Grammar), and some Arithmetic that illustrated, not always clearly, multiplication, division and subtraction. The geographical knowledge of that day was very meagre, compared with that of the present, and the books and maps then obtainable were such as to convey not very accurate or essential information. Of modern appliances there were then none, and of modern qualifications for the teacher's position but the first faint gleams. But crude as was that beginning, it furnished the solid foundations upon which rests our present substantial and adequate system of public instruction. \Vhile the village of Hackensack gratefully shared in the benefits derived from the general intrort11ction of such a system of public educatibn, there was also observable a disposition to make t.,,.,. Bogota: Hackensack in the Distance. J.ower Bridge an .,, Anderson Park. Anderson Street. First Baptist Church . Berry Street. River Street. 1'l/B IIIS1'0RV OF 1/AC[{BNSACI<, N. J. an advance movement, and to afford to the rising generation better educational ach·antages than could be offered at the district school. 'l'hat feeling was developed and intensified by the presence of men of scholarly attainments, who worthily represented the culture received in the better schools ancl colleges of the Old " .. oriel. Quite a number of such men were in "the lcarnecl professions" that found place, usefulness and favor among the people; and they were not altogether wauting among the better class of farmers and merchants and manufacturers. QUEEN'S COLLEGE. Hence, much of interest was aroused in the discussion, had in Hackensack in 1767, regarding the proposed location of Queen's (now Rutger's) College. Some advocated the claims and ach-antagcs of Hackensack, as affording a suitable site, and others, those of New Brunswick. Hon. i-1. D. ,nnton is informed that the aclYoc-ates of the latter location won by a single vote. W :\SIIINGTOX ACADL\I\'. Although that institution of learning was thus lost to Hackensack, the debate as to its location resulted in the development among the people of so great interest in educational matters, that Reinen Van Gicsse was moyed to donate a good lot for the erection of a suitable building for the advancement of the higher branches of education. 'l'he site he gaYe was at the northwest corner of ::\Iain and ,varrcn Streets, and within a year from the date of the deed, 1 769, a commodious two-story building, measuring 35 x 75 feet, was erected thereon. 'fhis property was held h, trust, for educational purposes, by a Board of Trustees, composed of some of the foremost citizens of the village, who felt honored in holding that relation to ,va~hington Academy, or Institute, as it was called somewhat later. 'I'hose who were called to serve as Principals of that Academy were men so well qualified for that position, that their names and fame arc linked, to this day, with all that we prize most highly in educational ach-antages. Upon that roll of honor ., - _,,,,;_·' arc written the names of Dr. Peter ,vilson, Henry '~>. and John Traphagen, Bayard Bayard, Thomas Washington Institute. Grcaghan, Christian Zabriskie, John Hay·,vard, Henry Blackman, "'illiam Howell, ::\I. D., John Bogert, Henry Howell, John Vanderbilt, Jacob ,vortendyke, Esq, Jacob Van Buskirk, "'illiam \Villiams, C. E., Edwin Williams, Joseph Hasbrouck, Abraham Berlew, Abraham \Valtermire, H. A. \Vilcox and Dr. Nelson Haas. 'fhe attendance of pupils at the ,vashington Academy, and the appreciation of its faculty and their ability to impart knowledge were so generally known that, in 1783, friends of the Institution proposed that it should be incorporated as a College. The plan suggested was that Dr. Dirck Romeyn should become President, and Dr. Peter \Vilson, Professor of Languages. But ~h·. \Vilson, who was then a member of the Legislature, was not disposed because of personal relations to the school, to urge or support the measure. Hence the matter was not pressed further. The building itself was rec:onstrncted in 1846 and in 1858, and in 1873 an additio'.1,ll story was added. Through the efforts of G. E. \Vygant, Esq,. the tuitio was made free in 1865 1 and in 1869 all needed books and other supplies were furnished to pupils without cost. The accommodations of the school were increased so that while in 1866, but 100 pupils c011ld be cared for, in 1876 about 260 were provided for. But as there were still 100 more pupils seeking admittance it became necessary to erect an enlarged and improved edifice, Of that an account will be found in a subsequent chapter. Thus the \Vashington Institute prepared the way for the present Union Street School. I.AF,\ YET TE ACADE:\I\·, In 1825 steps were taken by residents of the upper portion of the town to secure the establishment of a school in which a thorough classical training could he enjoyed. Cornelius C. Bogert, Abrnhnm 30 1'1JE ll/STORY OF ll1lCKB'NSACK1 N. ]. Hopper, M. D., and Archibald Campbell, gsq., were appointed trustees, nnd authorized to erect the needed buildings. Thus empowered, these trustees bought a lot, in May, 18261 of James Hague and Albert G. Doremus, that was located on the west side of ~Iain street, north of the Henry Berdan estate. The patriotic founders of this school named it Lafayette Academy, in honor of that illustrious Frenchman, who had just passed through the village, in his return to this country for the purpose of revisiting the battlefields of the Revolution. ,v. ,v. Conklin, Esq., is authority for the statement, that his mother-Mrs. Christiana Conklin then 8 ycnrs of age, was one of those who strewed flowers in the pathway of Lafayette as he and his escort passed through the village. She, and Professor Jo1111 B. Hague-Mr. Conklin understands were, until the date of his mother's death, the only two survivors of those to whom was assigned that pleasing duty. The trustees speedily prov;dcd for a two-story building, 20 x 40 feet, that was subsequently erected by Benjamin Olclis. This institution, like its predecessor, ,vashington Academy, was honored in the names and service of its Principals: John "'ash, \ViJliam Lynn, l\fichael Doyle, Simeon Zabriskie, ~I. S. ,vickware, Jacob Vanderbilt, Hugh Norton, ,villiam C. Smith and J. G. ,vmiams. The increase of population in this section and hence of attendance of pupils, made it necessary in 1853 to dispose. by sale, of their school, and to arrange for the erection of the large building now standing at the corner of State and Berry streets. Thus the State Street School was the outgrowth of the Lafayette Academy. THE HACKENSACK ACADE:\rY, The Hackensack Academy owed its origin and establishment to the same desire and determination that were influential in the organization of its predecessors. " 7ith the avowed intention of affording the best facilities for obtaining the most thorough English and Classical c11lture, it was incorporated in 1870, with a capital of $3,000; and its first trustees were James H. Beatty, Charles H. Voorhis, John N. Gamewell, Benjamin C. Bogert, .A. G. )Imm and Bradley H. Baldwin. The building was erected on the northwest corner of State Street and Central Avenue, near the Episcopal Rectory. Subsequently, that building was disposed of and put to other uses, as the very great advance made in the higher departments of the public schools offered equal advantages- with less expense-to all who desired to avail themselves of the opportunity for study in the higher courses of instruction. A f'URTHER SURVEY. Further consideration of these and kindred matters is reserved for a subsequent chapter upon Present Educational Advantages, in which there will he, of necessity, an overlapping upon preceding statements. But, at the same time, there will be much of additional matter that will bring the history of our schools up to the date of the present writing. And in this survey of what our fathers projected, and their successors have planned and achieved, there will be found sufficient reason for the pride that is felt in regard to the Hackensack scl10ols. I """\ ,,.;' . ,,., ' -r)-::.::;- -., . ''\ ' -~~?~:_,-:·~, ' .-• .,...... Rf':SIDENCE OF EDWARD E. POOR. Polifty, near Hackensack, N. J. CHAPTER XIII. THE APPEAL AND RESPONSE IN "THE SIXTIES." THE FIRST CALL FOR :\IEN,-VOLUNTEERING IN IIACKENSACK,-THE SECOND AND THIRD CAI.LS,-THE TWENT\·•sECONl> HEGnlEXT.-.\ GLI~,IPSE OF SOLDIER LIFE,-THE REGI:\IENT 1S RETURN ,-ROLL OF OUR BRA \'E SON~. THE FIRST C.\LL FOR ~IEN. PRIL 15, 1861, President Lincoln issued his first proclamation calling for seventy-five thousm,d A militia from the various states that remained unshaken in their allegiance to the Union. These men were to serve for three months, if not sooner discharged. Of the number called for New Jersey was asked to furnish three thousand one hundred and twenty men. The requisition of the ,var Department reached Governor Olden on the 17th of April, and he at once issued a proclamation, requiring an wh0 were disposed to volunteer, to report at their company or regimental headquarters within twenty days thereafter. To these calls for troops to serve in the defense of the Union, the people everywhere responded with patriotic ardor. Public meetings were held, addresses made, and enlistments encouraged. :\Iinisters preached sermons, enjoining the duty of supporting the President in that critical hour, and appealing to the patriotism of their auditors, urged that they stand by the old flag. The enthusiasm aroused was intense. ,vithin a few days after the issuance of the Governor's proclamation more that ten thousand men had offered their services. So strong was the feeling that many who could not enlist in Bergen County, as the ranks were already filled, went to other states, notably New York and Pennsylvania, to help fill up their quotas. Hackensack, like all other places in the County, was all aglow with fervor in defense of the Union and the Constitution. Flags were flung to the breeze from private residences and public buildings on all the streets of the town. VOLUXTEERING IX IIACKEXSACK. On :Monday evening, April 21 1 1861, a meeting of the citizens was held, of which Hon. J. A. Zabriskie was chairman. ,Villiam S. Banta, Esq., addressed the assembly, and then the Committee on Reso]utions presented their report, as follows, that was unanimously adopted: IV!terc,1S, "'l'he Union of the States is in danger, and the Constitution, framed at so great a cost by our fathers, which contains within itself all needful provisions for the necessities of the government, has been set at defiance; and whereas our national flag has been insulted and government property invaded and seized by armed traitors, therefore, Resolved, "'fhat the Union shan be preserved at an hazards, the Constitution upheld, the right of government vindicated, and the DecJaration of Independence maintained in its full spirit and power. Resoh1ed, "That for the defense and maintenance of our country and its institutions we are prepared, if need be, to sacrifice our wealth, shed our blood, and lay down our lives. Resolved, "That our country is the best country in the world, and that we are not prepared to witness its destruction without first exerting all the means at our command for its perpetuation. Resoh1td, "~hat Bergen County will stand by our national banner in the eventful crisis, and those who go out from among us to the tented field to uphold that sacred banner merit and wi11 receive our warmest sympathy and aid. · Resolved, "That a committee of six be appointed by this meeting to provide means for the 32 1'1/E IITS1'0R1' OF llACKl:.'XS.-lCI<, X. J. support of those left destitute ln- the absence of their husbands or fathers, who may volunteer in the defense of their country." ::\Icssrs. D. A. Berry, (brret G .•\cken,011, \\T. S. Banta, John L. Earle, John H. Banta and John J. Anderson, were appointed the committee to perfect the arrang<"ments provided for in the last of the above resolutions. Ppon the conclusion of that meeting quite a large number enroHed their names as volunteers. THE SECOND ,\XD TIIIRI> C.\LLS. 'ro the second call made by the President in l\fay, 1861 1 for three rcgiments--of three yearsmen and to the thircl call, made in J anc following, for fixe more such regiments, the State responded without delay. And so many more than could be cn1istec1 in these regiments applied for enrollment, that quite a number of Companies went over to the Excelsior Brigade of New York City,_ under the command of that heroic leader, :\[ajor-General Daniel E. Sickles. At ,vmiamsburg, Va .. ·and at Fair Oaks tltc New Jersey brigades suffered seyere losses, in both officers and men, because of the· exposed positions to which they were assigned and their courage and persistency in defending them. TIIE TWEXTY-:-Eco:---D REGDlEXT. 'l'he 'l'wenty-seconcl Regiment, organized in accordance with the act of Congress of Ju1y 22, 1861, was mustered into the service September 12, 1862. Its total number of officers and men was 939 1 and they represented the ,·ery best clements of the population of Bergen County. In January, 18631 that regiment was assigned to the First Army Corps, and became a part of the Army of the Potomac. In the attack on Chancellorsville, \?a., )fay 2 and 3, r 863, that regiment bore an honorable part, and acquitted itself with nu,rked valor. On the 9th of October, 1 S6z, that regiment was made the recipient of two beautiful flags that were presented by a committee of citizens, appointed for that purpose. From the address delivered in connection with the presentation, the following extracts arc made: "Officers and soldiers of the Twenty-second Regiment New Jersey Volunteers: In behalf of the citizens of Bergen County, we haYe the honor to present to you these flags. The one is to remind yon that you arc citizens of the patriotic State of New Jersey, and the other that you are part of the brave and inducible defenders of the Union. Be assured that they arc the offerings of loving hearts, fo11owing you in the aspirations of love from the fireside of home to the field of war, and appreciating your loyalty an ''l'ake thy banner; may it wave Proudly o'er the good and brave; 'fake thy banner; and beneath 'l'he battle-clouds' encircling wreath Guard it till our homes arc free; Guard it; God will prosper thee; In the dark and trying hour, In the breaking forth of power, In the rush of steeds and men, His right hand will shield thee then.' ROBERT RE~NIE, . I Jmrn I. BERTHOLF, I_ Committee. DA \'IJ) TERHUNE, I FREDERICK J ,\COBSON, j HAcKE~sAcK, October 9, 186.:1." RESIDENCE OF WAI,TER F. FARR, D.O.S. TllB HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. In response, a reply came from Lieutenant-Colonel Alex. Douglass, bearing date of "HEADQUARTERS 'l'WE~T\'·SECONI> REC:DIENT, Camp Fornett, October 13, 1862." from which the following is taken: '' To Committee of Pnse11t,1tio11. GEXTLE:\IEN :-Your letter, together with your beautiful presentation, was received yesterday afternoon. Everything arrived safely. The noble banners were unfurled and presented in due form at the evening parade. Upon the reading of the accompanying speech, the cheers of the officers and men of the regiment re-echoed far and near along the banks of the old Potomac. The enthusiasm of the men at the sight of our glorious ensign was very great. Cheer after cheer was given for old Bergen, for her loyal men, for her devoted women, for the Stars and Stripes, and for the good old Union. In answer to your appropriate and patriotic address, my pleasant duty is to make reply." * "' * (That the Colonel did in felicitous phrases, among other sentiments writing this:) '' Earnestly will we strive to imitate the worthy example of our patriotic sires, and show to the world, that the blood of our sacrificing forefathers still courses in our veins. * * * It shall be our highest pride to be worthy of your trust and affection, and to add lustre to our already shining name among the constellation of the States. * * * \Vith many thanks and kind wishes, I am yours, LIECT. CoL. ALEX. DoUGLAss, Commanding Twenty-second Regiment, N. J. Y. 1'o ~lessrs. Rennie, Bertholf, Terhune and Jackson." A GLDIPSl: OF SOLDIER LIFE. A glimpse of soldier life is given in the accompanying extract from a soldier's Jetter, written at the Camp of the 1'wenty-seconc1, Aquica Creek, December 28, 1862. "A and I made our meal to-night of baked potatoes, hard bread, coffee, boiled rice and raw onions. Our joint cooking utensils consist of the top of the stove, one quart cup, two pint cups, one tin plate, and one knife and fork. Each makes his coffee and drinks it out of the same cup. It is well relished however, and I enjoy my little meerschaum pipe after supper as much as if I had eaten boiled turkey with oyster sauce. Each article of consumption is kept in a paper by itself and deposited in the closet, which is the floor at the end of the bunk, and a small shelf nailed to the foot of said bunk. The things get a little dus!J' sometimes, but that don't make much difference. l\ly c!tair is an empty cracker box; my candlestick a little square block with a hole in it. Our stove was purchased on board a canal-boat lying there. Our stove-pipe I 'won' from 'Uncle· Sam' directly under the noses of five guards (colored), who were watching it. Our feather-bed is made of hay, procured in ·the same way as the stove-pipe." 1 THE REGDIENT S RETURN", \Vhen the time for which that Regiment had enlisted had expired, they returned to Trenton in June 1863, and shortly thereafter were mustered out of service at the Capital. They were given a rousing reception and the companies that returned to .Hackensack were received with honors and a collation was served for them at the Mansion House. From several sources information has been gleaned regarding the residents of our town, whose courage and patriotism led them to respond to the appea! to defend the flag and maintain the Union in the hour of extreme peril when the passion of secession led men to dishonor the former, and seek to dismember the latter, ROLL OF OUR BRAVE SONS, Among the brave Sons of Hackensack who went to the front in 1861 we note the following names among those who .are still residents of the town who were members of company A, Twenty-second Regiment New Jersey Volunteers: Jacob S. Lozier, Garrett 1\1. Campbell, \Villiam Burt, John R. Clark, William Cooper, Lewis C. Cottee; Charles R. De Graw, Barney V. Earle, Henry Hunton, Albert G. Smith, Martin J. Terhune, Abraham \V. Wood, John H. \Vygant, James Remsen; and of company C, Twenty-second Regiment New Jersey Volunteers we still have with us the following: THH lllSTORl' OF l/ACKI::.VSACK, N. j. Peter L. Conklin, Joseph P. Vreeland, James S. Bogert, Cornelius Vreeland, ,villiam H. :Monroe, Henry I. Haring, John V. D. Smith, ~Iartin Snook, Levi \"an Zant, Frederick P. Van \Vcttering, Simeon Van "r ettcring, John Vreeland, John Taig. To the above roll of honor we are glad to add the names of the following as among those who went to the front from other states or in other New Jersey Regiments, ard are now residents of Hackensack: James H. Russell, John Engel, now at the front again, Aaron E. Ackerman, Conrad Hoffman, John Spyri, John Ryan, Augustus :\IcKinney, Dr. Nelson Haas, General C. H. Barney, \Villiam 0. Labagh, Isaac Van Blarcom, Henry Blauvelt, \Villiam Nichols, David J. ~Iycrs, Robert Hunton, James Anderson, Everanlus \Varner, Dr. L. S. _:\Iarsh, George A. Earle, George W. ~IacDonald, ,villiam P. Amerman, Robert S. Steelman. Among the names ,vho enlisted from town in company A, Twenty-second Regiment, and who have left the town to become residents elsewhere, or who have answered the last roll call on earth, we note the following: Captain Robert :\I. Berry, Jacob Post, Stephen G. Hopper, Richard A. Terhune, Uilton Birley, Nicholas R. Royce, Cornelius Yan Horn, George A. Brinkerhoff, \Villiam H. Van Buskirk, Henry H. Banta, ,vmiam \V. Harper, John H. Van Houten, Peter J. Demarest, Jobi R. Pool, \Villiam H. Ackerman, Jacob J. Bell, John R. Bennett, John T. Blam·elt, John \V. Blauvelt, Timothy Bogan, Aaron J. Bogert, Albert C. Bogert, Cornelius Bogert, Alfred Broadway, Benjamin Christie, John Christie, John O'Connell, Jacob Demarest, John J. Demott, James H. Doremus, John ~Iyers Doremus, Benjamin Englin, James S. Ferdon, ~Iichael Flinn, John R. Fulton, Jacob J. Garrison, \\Tilliam H. Grimshaw, David Gildersleeve, Henry Gildersleeve, Cornelius Hill, James Jarvis, Thomas Kennedy, Daniel C. Lozier, Frank ~IcCann, John ~lcCue, James O'Connor, \Villiam C. Scott, Charles Stevens, Albert B. Tuers, Edwin S. Updyke, -TheodorE F. Van Buren, Peter Van Buren, Albert Van Horn, Robert Van Ness, Nicholas H. Voorhis, Henry G. Vreeland, Nicholas D. , .. reeland, Jacob Terhune, \Villiam U. ,vygant, Jacob Bogert. On the list of those who went with company C, Twenty-second Regiment New Jersey Vohmteers, and who ar0 not now with us we note: Captain Samuel D. Demarest, \Villiam J. Demarest, Cornelius Huyler, John Ackerman, Samuel Dawson, "\Villiam A. Tallman, :\Iichael :\I. ,vygant, Joseph Ross, Peter I. Ackerman, Ernst Beam, Charles Bloom, Abraham C. Brinkerhoff, Abraham Bross, Barney Bross, Carl Brown, Charles A. Burr, Erasmus Christie, John D. Cluss, Philip P. Cluss, John H. Dawson, DaYid J. Demarest, Gilbert Demarest, Stephen O'Donnel1, John R. Doremus, ~lorris Feeder, ,villiam 0. Gott, George \V. Hawkey, Christopher J ergus, Lewis Loenthal, Albert Moore, :\fartin :\Ioran, Andrew ~fonett, Bernard ~lnrrig, CHAPTER XIV. PRESENT EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGES. TR.-\'SSCRIPTS FRO~I RECORJIS,-THE LIBRAR\'.-l'ROFESSOR HAGCE'S RE:.\IIXISCEXCES.-THE STATE STREET SL'HOOL-THE l"Xl 1)X STREET SCHOOL.-THE L\IR:',IOUXT SCHOOL.-THE Hl:DSl)X STREET SCHOUL.-THE HACKENSACK ACADE:-.1\".-SO:.\IE OTHER SCHOOLS.-THE cou::-;TY SUl'ERJ:-.;TE::-;DEXT.-THE llOARD OF El>UCATION,--THE Hl<;JI SCHOOL.-.-\ SUl\l:.\IAR\',--THE HJC;H SCHOOL PRINCIPAL. S PREY'IOUSL Y stated this chapter will necessarily oYerlap, somewhat, the account already A given of Educational beginnings. But it will also afford opportunity for the fuller treatment of a subject that cannot fail to be of interest and importance, in the thought of eYery enlightened citizen. And to the credit of Hackensack it should be recorded, that our citizens generally manifest an active, continued and intelligent interest in all matters l'elating to the progress of the schools of the town. TRANSCRIPTS FROM RECORDS. To the courtesy of Abram De Bann, Esq .. one of our best known and ablest Connse11ors at Law, we are indebted for the following transcripts from the public records: "At a meeting of a number of the lnhabts at the Academy in the Twp. of N. B. on the 4th day of Aug. inst. in order to elect a numi)er of persons as Trustees of the said Academy to be incorporated as a body Politic agreeably to the act in such cases made and provided, passed the 27th ·of Nov. 1 794, having duly advertised the. purport of the said meeting according to the direction of the said act. It was resolved that five persons should be immediately elected as Trustees for the said Academy. \Vhereupon we the subscribers having been elected as Trustees for the said Academy, do hereby ac cept the said trust and we do hereby assume the name of '' The Trustees of the \Vashington Academy of Hackensack in the County of Bergen. "\Vitness our hands and seals this Thirteenth day of August in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven H unclred and Ninety-eig·ht. SoLO~ION FROELICH (LS) JOHN VAN BE UREN (LS) ISAAC V ANI>ERBECK, JR. (LS) ROBERT CA:.\IPBELL (LS) NEHEMIAH \V.un: (LS) Recorded the 18th August 1798, Liber J of Deeds p 339. N· EHDIIAH '\r ADE, Clk." An act to vest in the \Vashington Institute of Hackensack the title of the \Vashington . Academy lot. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That the title of that lot, in the village of Hackensack, in the County of Bergen, known as the \Vashington Academy lot, which was formerly vested in "the Trustees of the \Vashington Academy of Hackensack, in the County of Bergen," be, and the same is hereby vested in "the \Vashington Institute of Hackensack,". to be held by them for the purposes and trusts, and subject to the conditions of the articles of their Association. Approved March 2 1 1848. Laws of 1848 page 118. This action has resulted in securing to the town a building that is now used for a public library, 36 TJIB JJISTORl' OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. and also an income, from its rentals, that is transferred by the trustees of that property, to the Board of Education, and is placed by that body upon the proper side of the balance-sheet. THE LIBRARY. The Library itself, is well kept, and its shelves receive frequent additions of the latest and best works, selected by a thoroughly competent committee. Thus this library may be rightly reckoned as among the most effective educational influences operative in the town; as it serves constantly for the diffusion ot knowledge among all classes of citizens, and also gives to all an opportunity for acquaintance with the Masters in the e,·er widening realm of ancient and modern literature. Hackensack has always enjoyed a good reputation in the matter of her educational advantages, and in recent years this has extended beyond the confines of our own state into many remote parts of the globe for, everywhere, on land and sea, our sons are demonstrating to the world at large, the advantages they en joyed in laying the foundations of char acter, and profes sional and business ability, while students in our public schools. PROF. HAGUE'S REM· INISCENCES. Our esteemed fel low-townsman, Dr. John 8. Hague, re calls the fact that as long ago as 1815 1 Dr. \Vilson and Professor Haywood, we I J. known classical teach• ers--who fitted their graduates to enter college-taught in the old \Vashington Academy. Professor Haywood was held in such high esteem, that when the French State Street l'ublic School. General, Lafayette, visited this county seat in 18241 he was chosen to deliver the address of welcome to the distinguished visitor. Dr. Hague, then a pupil of Professor Haywood, was present, and heard the address delivered. In 1826 Professor John O. \Valsh came here and opened Lafayette College, which was erected for him by the father of br. Hague and other citizens, on upper Main street. The same building was afterwards remodeled, and is now occupied by Hutchinson & Andrews, Plumbers. Professor \Valsh was at once recognized as a very superior classical teacher, and with him Dr. Hague finished his studies in 1828, preparatory to entering college. The \Vashington Academy was, on motion of George E. Wygant, made a free school in 1865 1 and two years later the books and school supplies were also made free. Dr. Nelson Haas came here in September, 1871, and took charge of Washington Public School, formerly the Academy, on Main street, and improvement in all its departments was at once made apparent. THE STATE STREET SCHOOL, About the year 1877, the State Street School bu: tding, a comparatively small brick structure, was RESIDENCE OF HENRY D. WIN'fO::-.. THE /llSTORl' OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 37 condemned as being unsafe, owing to both sanitary and architectural defects, and was ordered closed. 'l'he taxpayers of the then school district 3 t, decided to put up in its place a building worthy of the rapidly growin~;· population of that section, and the present structure was erected. THE UNION STREET PUBLIC SCHOOL. No sooner was this building well under way than, prompted by the spirit of good natured rivalry which existed for many years between the uptown and downtown sections of the village, but which happily has now entirely disappeared, the voters of district 32 decided to do even better than their neighbors uptown were doing, and the present Union'.Street School was erected in 1878. THE FAIRMOU:-.T SCHOOL. The growth of the Fairmount section of the town made a school necessary in that vicinity, and in 1890, the Fairmount School house was built. Here, in an effort to serve two towns with one school, the edifice was placed halfway between Cherry Hill and Fairmount, with the usual result of failure to satisfy both parties. The Board of Education was authorized, at the last annual school meeting, to sell that property, and to lo cate that school in a m o re satisfactory situation. THE 11unso:,; STREET SCHOOL. ~Ieanwhile the in creased attendance at the Hudson Street School ca 11 e d for larger quarters and in 1893 that building was enlarged and re furnished. THE HACKENSACK ACAl>E~I\', Prior to that date, about the year 1869, the Hackensack State Street looking South from Passaic Street, State Street School on tight side, Academy was erected on State street near Central avenue, through the efforts of Frederick Jacobson, Edward E. Poor, P. S. Brittain, J. H. T. Banta, William De ,volf, John N. Gamewell, Garrett Ackerman, Jr., and others and placed in charge of Dr. John B. Hague. This gentleman, after an absence of 43 years, had returned to this town, and he began his work in this school in 1870. Dr. Hague was in charge of the Academy four years, and was succeeded in turn by Professor Charles Hasbrouck and Professor ,v. ,v. Richards. The latter found about one hundred students when he took charge, and increased the number to about 175, which was the highest number of pupils the Academy ever had at anyone time. After Professor Richards retired, to open a school in New York, where he taught for many yt·ars; the Academy began to lose in the number of its pupils, and after a two years' term under Professor Stephen Brooks, and one year under Charles ,v. Boyd, the Academy was finally closed about the year 1882. This action was taken because the public schools had become so superior that the Academy could not longer be supported. This school never p,1id expenses, there being a large deficit to be met by its generous supporters at the close of each fiscal year. Following his retirement from the Academy, Dr. Hague taught a private classical school, at his residence on Park street, for some twelve years, with a great measure of success; and many of his graduates are still occupying high positions in professional anu social life. 38 TIIE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. SO!\IE OTHER SCHOOLS, In addition to the public School System, there are two private Kindergarten schools in town, in charge of specialists in that work, the :Misses Lydecker and Cumming. 'l'here is also the Holy Trinity Parochial School, established in connection with his parish work in 1871, by Rev. J. Rolands, with lay teachers in charge. 'fhis school was graded in September, 1886, by the Rev. P. l\f. Core, and placed in ,/ charge of Sisters of Charity from Madison, N. J., and it is at present in charge of Sister M. Clara, I aided by two teachers and a professor of music. ( It has an enrollment of 145 scholars. THE COUi\'T\' Sl:l'ERli\'TENJH:~n·. \ Not least by any means among the educational facilities of the town is the Educational Sanctum of our genial County Superintendent of Public Instruction, :\Ir. John Terhune, than whom no more cffident, talented and courteous gentleman ever filled a similar office. Here l\I r. Terhune pre sides o\·er what is known as " Educational Han," Union Street Public School. and is surrounded by we11 kept samples of work supplied by all grades of pupils in the schools of Bergen County. There he has also a very complete Teachers' Library, from which all our school teachers are iurnished, free of cost, with all the books needful to keep them thoroughly posted as to the most advanced methods pursued in their various departments. He is also rapidly collecting a library suited to the wants of students in the \1 arious grades, and he takes delight in having the older scholars spend their evenings in his literary retreat in the pursuit of knowledge, rather than upon the streets. lfr. Terhune enjoys a reputation throughout the State, as an ideal County Superintendent, and his methods are copied, and his advice sought by educational leaders in other states. THE BOARD OF EDt:CATIOX. 'fhe present school law, enacted in 1895, placed all the schools in the township under the supervision of a single Board of Education of nine members, and at once gave all sections of the town more ,----- 1 equal educational advantages. A uniform course of study I was then adopted for all the grammar schools, which requires eight years for the pupils to advance from the Kindergarten, through the entire course-including manual training-and that prepares them to enter the High School. THE HIGH SCHOOL. The High School Department, heretofore existing in both State and Union Street Schools, was placed under one head and temporarily quartered in the State Street School building, in 1895-96. Owing to the rapid growth of this section and the consequent congested condition of that school the High School was later removed, tempora rily, to the Union Street School. At the annual school meeting in 1897, authority was Hltd£on Street Public school. given the Board of Education to purchase the site, and erect the present High School Buildit,.; on First street near Central avenue. The structure was finished and opened on Thanksgiving Day, 1897, The High School curriculum includes three distinct courses, either one of which may be selected TIIE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. j. 30 by the student, and each of which requires four year:; study, and prepares the graduate for admission into the second year grade of the State Normal School, or to the freshman class in college. Competent specialists in Kindergarten work, ~lusic, Drawing, :Manual Training, Stenography, Commercial, Latin, Greek, French, German and the higher mathematics are employed in the various departments, while all books and supplies are furnished to the pupils free. Complete apparatus for experiments in physics and chemistry, with necessary reference books, an A SU.'.\nl.\lff. 'I'he following teachers are employed: Hi~ h School, Principal, four regular teachers and two specialists; H u School, making a total of , 1 505. Seating capacity of School No. 1, 4:?4; No. 2, 496; Nv. 3, 300; No. 4, 70; High, 200; total, 1,690. The value of school property is scheduled a-; follows: Hudson Street, No. 1, $:20.000; Union Street, No. 2, $29,000; State Street, No. 3, $25,000; Fairmount, No. 41 $5,000; High School, $15,000; total, $94,000. The present Board of Education consists of Rev. John C. Voorhis, President; George N. Comes, District Clerk; Isaac I. Demarest, H. N. Bennett, Conrad Hoffman, Murat Gardner, Milton Demarest, Andrew J. De Voe and John McD. Gamewell, all of whom have rendered efficient service, and are in every way deserving honorable mention upon these pages. Among the names to be held in grateful remembrance for their interest in educational affairs in Hackensack, are David Terhune, for more than twenty-five years, District Clerk of ,vashington Public School; George \V. ,vheeler, James:\[. Van Valen, '\\1 illiam ,villiams, J. H. T. Banta, "rilliam De Wolf, Frederick Jacobson, Edward E. Poor, George E. ,vygant, John N. Gamewell, Garrett Ackerson, Jr., and Peter A. H. Voorhis. THE HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL. Dr. Nelson Haas, for many years Principal of the Union Street School, and since its organi- Hackensack High School. zation at the head of our High School, and, in addition, recently appointed Supervisory Principal of all the schools in town, has contributed, perhaps, more than any other man, to the advancement of our school system. He is a man of unusual ability as an educator. His graduates having won an almost uninterrupted success in the 'competitions, open to all schools in this congressional district, for free scholarships at the Militarr Academy at ,vest Point, and the Naval Academy 40 THE JIISTORl' OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. at AnnapoJis. Nine successive contests for such scholarships have been won by those who had graduated from his school. He has graduated no less than ninety who have become school teachers. ,vith such a record in cclncational matters, the people of Hackensack may well be satisfied. !{ . , .·• . <·. .., ~ ;.· , \ ~ ~ '.. •, .. . __, ···~- •';\ .·. ,, • 'fl •• ""'""'.'C ~ . ' l'nion Strett, ::0-forth from Susquehanna R. I{ But that will not preclude further advancement when the demand for it shall come. In fact, judgmg from the past, such demand will be anticipated, and provided for, before its pressure becomes excessive. Of one thing all may be assured, viz: that everything that would be regarded as essential to keep the sdnf)ls of this town abreast of all modern requirements, will be provided for. cor,. GAKRKT G. ACKERSON. (Deceased.) CHAPTER XV. REGENERATIVE INFLUENCES. THE FIRST REFOR~fED CHURCH.-THE CHRISTIAN REFORMED CHURCH.-THE J,'IRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. -THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.-THE FIRST ~IETHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, HATEVER theories one may hold as to the historic origin of the Bible, or opinions with reference W to the method of its inspiration, its existence cannot be doubted. That it is unique in its position as in its composition, powerful in its influence as sublime and thrilling in its revelations, no man, qualified to judge, will venture to deny. But few, if any, doubt that-Christ lived upon this earth, and that the moral and moulding forces of His life were, and are, such as the New Testament affirms, and the continued existence and effective ness of the Christian church declare. The enervated and debauched social, political and moral life of the Roman Empire at the beginning of the Christian era, furnished a background full of darkest shadows that mark unmistakably the contrast between Paganism and Emergent Christianity. And the age long commentary upon the need for the regenerative influences of the Book and the Church is the proneness of the human mind and heart to pass again within such shadows, and to suffer again from the resultant shrouding of their brightest faculties and holiest affections. \Vhen Christianity made its appearance among men, it gave to Aesthetic Greece a diviner form than her sculptors or artists could create, or her poets sing. It invaded imperial Rome, and the scepter of the Cresars passed to its control; and the Lex Tallionis was supplanted by a higher precept and more humane principle. By it the ruder barbarianisms of ancient times, and the gentler civilizations of modern days have alike been opened to new and powerful influences, that have been mighty in their uplift. Taught by it, strange tongues and discordant dialects have been unified into one common speech-that of love and peace. Christianity has proven itself to be what its founder predicted-the universal religion, adapted to all men, in all climes, in all ages. Of this we have abundant evidence as we trace the religious sentiments and movements that now obtain among us, back along the various lines of national ancestry to their original sources in the old world. From the Dutch nnd English, the main sources from whence, subordinately, we have derived our Christian concepts, we have received a heritag·.! of Christian wealth in honored men and honored methods that have grown more precious with the passing years. Our forefathers brought their Bibles, their Catechisms, their Ministry, all with them acro!5S the seas, and among their first efforts and foremost achievements were the planting and training of Christian churches. In their thought the church rested upon the Word, and the Word sustained the church, and the best of all treasures for their children, they rightly conceived to be, wr.s the knowledge thus diffused of the true God and eternal life. And we, their lineal descendants and spiritual heirs, are realizing as never before that the Churches of God '' live and move and have their being," that above all things else they may proclaim righteousness and promote its empire among men. He would be a careless reader, indeed, who, in turning over the pages of the records of th,e early days in Hackensack, should fail at once to note that the religious life of this community, from its very beginning, "onstituted the warp and woof pf all its domestic relations, its social ties and its public functions. So closely interwoven are the civil and ecclesiastical histories of our town that w,! cannot write of the former without making a study of the latter, and within the compass of these two 42 THE 11/STORl' OF HACKENSACK, N. j. chapters the effort will be made to narrate as concisely as possible the genesis and growth of our churches. In the treatment of this portion of our work we shall follow tire chro11ological order, and begin with our o1dest church, that "on the green." So far as possible the notes and data kii1(1ly fttrnisl'erl by the respective pastors and other officers of the various churches, have been incorporated into the body of this narrative, and to their generous responses to requests for necessary information the readers of this volume are greatly indebted. 11 Beginning with The Old Church on the Green," its history is as follows: 11 THE OLD CHURCH ON THE GR.EE:'\," 1686. The First Reformed Protestant (Dutch) Church of Hackensack, N. J ., commonly known as "The Old Church on the Green," may well be compared to a gigantic oak, that because of its depth and outreach of roots; its girth and uplift of trunk; its breadth of branches and expanse of foliage; and, more than all, its strength of fiber has sur\'ivecl the storms and strains of years, and lh'es on in all its beauty and vigor. The ecclesiastical l1istory of this ancient body runs back to the year 1686, and to the record of the baptism of Jaenis Simpson, and of Christyna, the child of Matthys Hoppe and Antic Pouts. The first officers of the church were Hendrick Jorese and Albert Ferense, E1ders; and Hendrick Epke and Volkert Hansen, Deacons. Dominie'rasche111aker, who was then settled at New Amstel (New Castle) on the Delaware River, was present at a meeting of Elders, on the 29th oi July, 1686, when six more mem bers were added to the church. Rev. H. Vanclerwart 1 states, that ' thirty-three persons united to lay the foundation" of the church under the ministry of Petrus 'faschemaker. That faithful servant of God continued to visit them, and to administer the Lord's Supper to them, "as he had opportunity until some time in 1689." During the enforced absence of Dominie Tasche maker, in caring for other portions of his field, the faithful members at '' Hackensack were cared for by a 'Voorleser.' '' }fr. Vanderwart says: '' This im portant person was half preacher and catcchiser, schoolmaster and consoler of the sick." Among those who served that church in that early day in that capacity was Guilliam Bertholf, whose services were so acceptable to the people, that they Firi,t Dlltlh Reformed Churd1 and Burying Ground. finally furnished the necessary funds, anu, in 1693, sent him to Holland to complete his theological studies and. to be "examined and ordained by the classis." Having completed his preparation for the 1 ministry, and passed the required examinations to the satisfaction of the ' Classis of Middleburgh," he was ordained "and :invested with the pastoral care" of the churches at Acquackenonck and Hackensack. Returning to America in 16941 he entered upon his work, in the .Parish assigned to his care, and prosecuted his labors with diligence and success for more than thirty years. During this period he did very much of home mission work throughout New Jersey and the adjacent provinces. Ten years after the organization of the church, a stone edifice was erected, in 1696, upon the site of the present edifice, and the structure has been known from very early times by the title of 11 The Old Church on the Green." 11 Some of the stones of that original building," writes Mr. Vanderwart, "are still in the present one, and the names of some of the old saints of 1696 continue to speak in stone unto the present generation," These ancient memorials were placed in the present structure in 1791, and are full of interest to the antiquarian, ~nd to many families now resident among us, who aan trace their Jineage back to those early Christian fathers. Upon. some of those stones are graven initials, upon others monograms, while others display coats of arms and various ornaments. One of RJW. JA'.\IJ.:S VAN CAMP1£N ,w,mYN. (Deceased.) THE HlSTORl' OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 43 those ancient stones is of peculiar interest, bearing as it does, what remains of the old sculptured lion, and the motto "Een-draght, maakt mackt ''-which in English is, "Union is strength," and also the Dutch inscription given herewith: "llet buys des Heere Gebouwt A:u;9- 16g6 herborot A~ 1728 Wederom herbouwt 1792." The better portion of that lion tablet may now be seen on the eastern wall of the present building, but it shows the marks of rough usage, and of the lightning flash that sundered it, July 101 1795, into several parts. The present site of the church was donattid April 20, 16961 by Captain John Berry. The original deed for chis property is now in the archives of this church. In another deed, bearing date of March 23, 17 u, he reaffirmed the first grant of the property, and then made it II absolute and unconditional." During the pastorate of Dominie Bertholf, 268 persons were added to the membership of the body. \Vhen Mr. Bertholf's death occurred, in 17 24, the hitherto existing connection of the churches of Hackensack and Acquackenocak was terminateq. He was followed by Rev. Reinhart Errickson, of Holland, who labored here until his removal in 1728 to Schenectady. His ministry resulted in an addition to the church of 66 persons. Until 1730 the church was without a settled pastor, but "enjoyed the occasional ministry of a.ev. Gualtherius Dubois, of New York." It was during this interval that the erec_tion of a more commodiom, structure was undertaken and completed. The Rev. Antonius Curtenius was called from Holland, and began his ministry in November, 1730. In 1737 he had the pastoral care of the 1.~hurches here and at Schraalenburgh, and in October, 1748 1 Rev. John Henry Goetschius was called to be his assistant. Ir. connection with this co-pastorate began the dissensions that for several years troubled this church. The Rev. John Schuyler was the next pastor who served the church three years until 1759. Then followed an interim of nine years, that was concluded by the call of Rev. Cornelius Blauw, who, in response, left Holland, and in 1768 settled here, remaining three years. Next came Rev. Warmoldus Kuypers, the approximate date of whose settlement was prior to 17 71. These gentlemen Lion Tablet, Old Church on the ur .... n. were called to serve the church during some periods of trial, but they were found faithful to their high calling. For some time Mr. Goetschius, according to Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn, rendered very effective service, although his name is not upon the published list of pastors of that church. Mr. Romeyn wrote: "During the ministry of Mr. Goetschius in Hack ensack, several powerful religious revivals occurred. He labored here for about twenty years.". But just what relation he sustained to the Church on the Green is:not made clear in the narrative act verted to. Rev. Theodore Romeyn (commonly known as Dirck) was called to this church in 1775. He, too, was called to serve through troublous times, the old fires that had been smoldering were again fanned into flames by the political differences of feeling resulting from the prosecution of the Revolutionary War. His ministry was interrupted by the armed conflicts that occurred in and about this region, and bf. the raids made upon this town, in two of which his own liberty and life were threatened. To him the British applied the title of "The Rebel Parson," on account of his ardent loyalty to the cause of the colonists. Mr. Vanderwart says of him that he II became the founder of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y." "In 18231 under the ministry of Rev. S'olomon Froeligh, '' Mr. Vanderwart writes, "a secession 44 THE HIST01<1' OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. broke out in the denomination which was started in this ancient church, the Jingering traces of which continue unti] the present time." Continuing, he adds: "After Dominie Froeligh, came Rev. James V. C. Romeyn, who labored here over 30 years, gathering 348 members and strengthening the church. He was fo11owed by his son James, who continued his father's work for three years. "Then followed the long faithful ministry of Rev. Alex. H. ,varncr, whose memory is still green and precious as a wise counsellor, a cheerful pastor and faithfol preacher. •'A grandson of Rev. James\". C. Romeyn (the Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn) was called to succeed Dominie \Varner. He completed a twenty years' ministry, filli.ng out a record seldom equaled in any church, viz.: The same church served by grandfather, son and grandson. The present remodeled edifice stands monument to his successful labors." During the years 1867 and 1868, $8,500 were expended in the erection of a chapel near the old church edifice, thus satisfying a long-felt demand for a suitable meeting place for the Sunday school and for social gatherings. ~Ir. Romeyn 's efforts to secure the enlargement of the old structure were ably seconded by ~Ir. George Fair, Esq., who gave $20,300 for that purpose, with the· understanding that the consistory and congregation should assume the responsibility for such additional cost as might be incurred in completing the work. That generous proposition was accepted, and the work was carried forward to a successful completion. The remodeled edifice was dedicated ~lay 2, 1869, when a sermon was preached in the morning by Rev. Dr. ,v. ,v. Campbell, President of Rutger's College, and the memorable Historical Discourse of Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn was delivered in the afternoon. Addresses by Rev. Drs. Campbell and Tayler concluded the services in the evening. The records of the pastorates of the Rev. Messrs. Romeyn are interwoven into the very warp and woof of this church's history. Elsewhere will be found a more extended account of their family, to which their names and labors have given additional lustre. The present pastorate began twelve years ago, when Rev. H. Vanderwart was called. It has been blessed with large accessions and spiritual power. Though now a "downtown" church, it still holds the people and has an average audience of 600 people, both at morning and evening services. Its membership is over 500, while Sabbath school is strong in number and power, under the efficient 1eadership of l\Ir. C. H. Harris. Several societies for old and young combine to work for foreign, domestic and home agencies. The present consistory is made up of Messrs. R. G. ,vool, Milton Demarest, John R. Voorhes and Abram G. Doremus as elders, and Messrs. C. B. Demarest, \Valter Van Saun, C. F. Adams and ,vm. J. ,varne as deacons. The present pastor was trained in the college and seminary of the Reformed Church. He was licensed by the classis of Albany and settled with the second church of Glenwelle, in Schenectady in 1876. There he had a blessed and fruitful pastorate of eight years, but broke down in health, when he resigned his charge, and spent a year abroad for pleasure and study. On his return, being fully restored, he labored for three years at Athens, N. J., when he accepted the~all of his present charge to succeed Rev. 'r. B. Romeyn. \\Tith increasing acceptance he has filled out twelve years of arduous toil. Mr. Vanderwart is in the maturity of his powers. The "Christian Inte1ligencer," the organ of the Reformed Church, said of him but recently, that II he is a preacher of unusual magnetism, bold and yet tender, fearless ana yet gentle, sound and scriptural, much beloved and upheld by a devoted and united people. About four years ago he was called to the First Reformed Church of Brooklyn, to succeed Rev. Dr. E. P. 'l'erhune, but was constrained to decline the call. Of all our ministers few excel him in preaching and pastoral gifts, and it is fairly certain that similar attempts to move him will not be wanting,,, The list of pastors and dates of settlement are as follows: Petrus Tasche maker, 1686-1689; Guilliam Bertholf, 1694-17 24; Reinhart Errickson, 1725-1728; Antonius Curtenius, 1730-1755; John Henry Goetschius, 1748-1774; John Schuyler, 1756-1759; Cornelius Blauw, 1768- 1770; \Varmoldus Kuypers, 1770-1797; Theodorick Romeyn, 1775-1784; Solom~n Froeligh, 1786-1823; James V. C. Romeyn, 1799-1833; James Romeyn, 1833-1836; Alexander H. \Varner, 1837-1865; Theodore B. Romeyn, 1865-1886: Rev. H. Vanderwart, 1886-. The story of the edifice itself is sum marized thus. First edifice erected 1696, rebuilt 17 28; rebuilt 1792; enlarged 184 7; enlarged and remodeled 1869, 1rnv. J.•UIF.S IWMEYN. (f}eceai.ed.) THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 45 As a fitting close of this church history, the language of Rev. T. B. Romeyn fr quoted as taken from his Historicdl Address: "~lay God make this church a living church to which shall daily be added of such as shall be saved, and so the old 'Church on the Green' shall be an Evergreen Church." CHRISTIAN REFOR~IEI> CHURCH. 1822. The history of this church as a distinct organization in Hackensack, dates back to 18221 when by reason of the departure in preaching and practice from the doctrines and confessions of the Dutch Reformed Church, it was resolved by the Fathers to stand firmly upon the foundation principles laid down at Dordrecht in 1618 and 16191 and failing to remedy what they considered a growing evil, they published their reasons for separating from the jurisdiction of the Dutch Reformed Church in the year 1822. By mutual agreement both partie::, were to have the use of the building on alternate Sabbaths. This agreement was observed for a time, until an iron bar and padlock W€re placed on the church door in clear violation of the agreement, and Rev. Solomon Froeligh and his congregation, meeting on a Sabbath morning, were debarred from entering. Thus prevented from worshipping in their usual place, the congregation worshipped in halls and barns until 1833 1 when a church building was erected on Hudson street on property donated for this purpo!,e. ··---~:-. 'fhis original building was enlarged three ~~:.:: ___ - times, in 1850, 1861, and again in 1867. In 18881 by reason of the growth of the town and congre ' e: gation northward, it was unanimously decided to erect a more commodious building in a central ,.•..... ·. location, anc.1 the present church edifice, designated ,,f'; !.t .I •I tu M,P ',.., '· .. ""' .. ' . by some as the town clock church, was erected. : ';:,. ,;_; In her worship the Christian Reformed Church is peculiar and distinctive, according to her founders and present. adherents, in its close adherence to the Reformed doctrines and con. fession. The first pastor was Rev. Solomon Froeligh, D.D., who served with great acceptance from 1822 until his death, October 81 1827, his death being deeply lamented. His successor, Christian Reformed Church, Rev. Christian Z. Paulison, sen·ed until 1832, followed by Rev. Cornelius Demarest, 1839 to 1852, and was succeeded by Rev. Corne1ius J. Blauvelt from 1853 to 18601 when, by reason of failing health, he was succeeded by Rev. John Y. De Baun, who served the church as a faithful servant of Jesus Christ, and with great acceptance to both church and comm11.nity for twenty-seven years. His successor was Rev. John C. Voorhis, the present pastor. The present church officers are: Elders, Samuel B. Ferdon, Peter De Mott,Jacob H. Hopper, John C. Van Saun; Deacons, \Valter Westervelt, Willard A. Curtis, \\,~iltiam Stewart, Wm. B. Mac Kay; Sunday School Superin tendent, Richard P. Pauli son. Rev. John Calvin Voorhis, the pastor of this church, was born at Spring Valley, N. J., in 1843; was educated in the common schools; converted in 1868, and called of God to the ministry in 1872, He took a technical course at Cooper Institute, New York, and later gave special attention to theological studies in preparation for the work of the ministry, to which he was ordained in 187 5, and located in Englewood, where he remained twelve years, until 1887. At that time he accepted a call to his present charge. He has served his church with great fidelity, and his arduous labors have also extended to other interests of the town, more particularly its educational affairs. 46 TllE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. He has been a member of the Board of Education for a number of years, and for several years the president of that board, giving constant attention to all its sessions, its interests and the welfare of the school under its care. In both departments of his public se1 •,ice Mr. Voorhis has rendered most valuable service, and has made for himself a large place in the estimation of all his people and the larger circle of his fellow citizens. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1832. The church now known as the First Presbyterian Church, came into existence by action of the classis which refused to the Rev. C. Z. Paulison "a seat among the representative members, and denied him the exercise of his ministerial functions in the True Reformed Dutch Church until his appeal had been disposed of by the General Synod." Feeling that Mr. Paulison had been unjustly dealt with, his friends severed their relations from the True Reformed Dutch denomination, and adopted the following resolutions: "That a congregation be formed known as the Reformed Church of Hackensack with the Rev. C. Z. Paulison as pastor, taking for the foundation the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief corner stone. Embracing as a summary of faith, the Netherland Confession of Faith, the Canon and the Heidelberg catechism as ratified and established in the National Synod held in Dortrecht in 1618 and 1619 and adopting that part of the Reformed Church Government which met with the approval of the congregation, and on June 16, 1832, the ,/ heads of the different families of the new church .. met in the ,v ashington Academy and elected the '·I • ' . . first board of trustees-viz.: Isaac J. Van Saun, \ • I. ··, \ ' John Hopper, Richard Paulison, A. Z. Zabriskie, . \' \ \\ \ Albert G. Doremus. These took the oath imposed by law, and the church was legally established. Mr. Paulison preached eight years to a united and devoted people, and then on account of im paired health retired from the work, much to the regret of his entire congregation. On November 29, 1851, :Mr. Paulison passed away in East Hack ensack. Then after a long pastorless period of pain and sorrow, a call was extended to Rev. Albert Amerman, of Johnstown, N. Y., which he First Presbrterian Church accepted, and he was installed in the pastorate on October 22, 1843. That same year, through Mr. Amermau's influence, the chm ·h was brought into relations with the Union Classis of the True Reformed Church, which relation continued for twenty years, when, tired ..of the constant strife and discord so prevalent, Mr. Amerman and his consistory finally cut the Gordian knot which bound them to that denomination. For the next eight years the church was under no ecclesiastical control until July 3, 1871, when Mr. Amerman and Paul R.'Paulison, the independent church committee, applied for admission to the Jersey City Presbytery, and in due form the organization was changed to tqe First Presbyterian Church, and at once entered a season of prosperity, during which extensive alterations and improve• ments were made at a cost of $3.500. Advanced age forced Mr. Amerman to take off the harness and give place to a younger and stronger man. The memory of this righteous man deserves never to be forgotten. Next came a series of short pastorates, during which much preparatory work was accomplished, and without which the present prosperity could scarcely have been reached. Rev. Robert H. Wilkin son, whose pastorate dates from April 4, 1877, to June 14, 1879, found a field full of financial embar rassmen:s, but had he been left to complete his work would have made a success of what seemed a forlorn hope. Rev. Hugh B. Maccauley, a young man of promise, was ordained and installed pastor June 1 7, 1881, but his invalid wife requiring a dryer climate, he left after a little over a year's service, IU:V. 'fHEODORE BAYARD ROMJ<:\'N. (Deceased.) THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 47 and, on .March I ◄, 1883, the Rev. C. T. Anderson, formerly of Peapack, N. J., was made pastor. During his ministry of four years the lecture room was built. He then accepted a call to an influ ential church in Rockaway, N. J., and was soon succeeded by a member of the graduating class of Union 'fheological Seminary, l\Ir. N. ,v. ,veller, who was ordain~d by the Presbytery of Jersey City, and became pastor on May 15, 1888. Afte;- a brief pastorate of two years, during which the church made some valuable accessions, the church with great reluctance allowed Mr. Weller to enter a more useful career. At the close of Mr. "Teller's ministry the clerk of sessions carefully revised the church record and reduced the membership to eighty-eight. 'fhis was the enrolled membership found by the present pastor, Rev. C. Rudolph Kuebler in 1891. l\Ir. Kuebler came to the church when it was over-shadowed by heavy clouds. These wert.' soon dispelled by a kind prO\,iclence, and an era of prosperity began at once to manifest itself. Dur ing the seven years of Mr. Kuebler's pastorate 184 have been re,ceived into church fellowship, a debt of $2,500 removed from the church, with the exception of $150, which is soon to be cancelled; $2,000 raised for benevolences and $17 1 500 for congregational purposes, and the church is now enjoying a vigorous and respected life in the community. .Mr. Kueb]er's work is of the sort that abides, and the merit of wh!ch becomes more and more apparent with the passing years. The present board of church officers are-Elders·: R. C. Haff, Judge 'l.'homas Cumming, Sr., John H. Voorhis, A. P. Vail, T. H. Cumming, P. P. Ackerman and R. B. Gable. Trustees: C. ,v. Brower (President), Jacob Terhune, Lenord Quackenbush, E. B. Sabine, L. DeGraw Quackenbush, Everardus \Varner and De ,vitt C. Van Horn. Superintendent of Sunday sch(lo}, L. DeGraw Quackenbush, Rev. C. Rudolph Kuebler, the pastor of this church, was born at Newark, N. J., November 27, 1863 1 was educated iti the Newark public schools, toward the close of his studies there he took a two years' course in the study of German, After graduating from the s·~hool in Newark, he took a three years' course in Latin and Greek under a private teacher, and then entered \Vindsor College, from which he graduated in 1887. Then followed one year in the study of Philosophy and the higher branches of Greek, under Professor S. D. Hillman, Ph. D., of Dickinson College. In the fall of 1888 he entered Union Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1891, and was ordained by the Presbytery of Newark, l\Iay 6, 1891. During 1887 and 1888 Mr. Kuebler acted as stated supply of the Newark Tabernacle then located on Market street. During a part of the first year of his seminary course he was as!dstant pastor to Dr. John R. Fisher, of South Orange. In the fall of 1890 he was called to his present pastorate and preached for them until he was graduated from Union Seminary. About the third of June, 1891, he was received from the Presbytery of Newark into the Presbytery of Jersey City, and arrangements made for his insta11atio 1, which took place on June 15 1 1891 1 when the sermon was preached by Rev. D. R. Frazer, D.D., of the First Presbyterian Church of Newark, N. J., of which church Mr. Kuebler was a member from the age of fourteen years until he came to Hacken sack. On F~bruary 22, 1893 1 :Mr. Kuebler was married to Miss Elizabeth Ann Smith, daughter of Abram Smith, of Peapack, N. J. Mr. and Mrs. Kuebler have won a very large place in the hearts of the community in which they labor, and are held in highest esteem by their increasing circle of friends in all the churches of the town. t'JRST llAl'TIST CHURCH 1832, This church was organized in 1832 by Elder Griffiths, the father of our late Improvement Commissioner, Deacon Alfred S. Griffiths, with ten members. After a struggle of a few brief years, without ever exceeding a membership of twenty, it was finally decimated through death and removals, so that only Deacon William De w·olf, his wife and daughter, Miss Marg-aretta, remained. Nothing further was attemr,ted until the early spring, of 18701 when on April 7th, a meeting was he]d at the residence of Deacon De Wolf. It was then decided .to establish a Baptist prayer meeting to be held at private residences every alternate Wednesday evening-, ancl on the third day of July of the same year the church was reorganized with ten members. ?\fr. George H. Atwood at once constituted him- 48 THH II/STORY OF HACKBNSACK, N. J. self a committee of one, and opened a subscription book in New York, and very soon had $r,500 subscribed, $500 of which was the very generous gift of Mrs. 8teadwell, of New York, mother of ;\Ir. George H. Steadwell. On the first Sunday in August three names were added to the ro11, and the little band of seventeen decided to procure a lot and build a chapel. The plot, 100 x 150, corner Union and Ward streets, fronting on Anderson Park, one of the prettiest spots in town, was chosen and purchased at a cost of $3,400. On Friday, September 9, 1870, work was begun on the building, which was completed and dedicated on the 30th of December of the same year. The church organ and piano for the Sunday school were purchased later, and the membership was increased to thirty-two. Rev. Zelotes Grenelle, Sr., was chosen pastor, an consecration. In March, 1874 1 the pastor closed his labors, and on July 1st of that yeai-, was succeeded by the Rev. Robert Magonigle, who served the church acceptably for three years and then retired. He was followed by Rev. D. R. Philip, who, during a very brief ministry, demonstrated that a preacher's popularity is not always dependent upon a godly life or character. On October 2, 1877, he was deposed from the pastorate, and excluded from the church, for conduct unbecoming a Christian minister. Rev. D. Thomas MacClymont assumed the pastorate on December 21 1877, and the church was greatly blessed during his ministry, which was the longest up to that time, in the history of the church. After five years' labor he resigned, to accept a call to Olean, N. Y., and was succeeded by Rev. R. M. Harrison, who served the church to the entire satisfaction of his people, until October, 1885, when he resigned, much to the regret of all, to accept a call to Quincy, Ill. Then on December 13, 1885 1 came the Rev. Chas. S. Scott, who, after a very brief stay, tendered his resignation on October 16, 1886, and was succeeded September 1 1 1887, by the Rev. Cornelius ,voelfkin, who filled the office to the great satisfaction of the church, for four years and seven months. During his incumbency the parsonage was erected at a cost of $4,500, and the old mortgage debt of $6,000 upon the church edifice was cleared away. He resigned on March 27, 1892, to accept an urgent call to Jersey City, and was succeeded September 1st of the same year by the present pastor, Rev. D. D. Read, whose pastorate of six years is, so far, the longest in the history of the church. As a result of earlier and recent efforts during his ministry, the parsonage debt has been reduced to $2,000; and the church building raised, and a foun dation built under it, and an attractive porch placed in front of the edifice. Alterations have been made in the interior, which has been entirely renovated, repapered and painted. The exterior of the parsonage and church building also have been painted. More than 200 members have been added to the church roll within these six years. All this has been accomplished notwithstanding the dismissal of about seventy members, who went out during the spring and summer two years ago to organize another church. That so,much work has been wrought under the conditions that have obtained is in every way most gratifying to the officers and members of this faithful body. The various auxiliary organizations are the Bible School; Young People's ·union; Royal Bounty Circle; Ladies' Home and Foreign Missionary Circle; the Farther Lights (a recent organization of the young ladies) and the Business Men's Social Union, all of which are in a flourishing condition; Following are the present church officers: Pastor, D. D. Read; Church Clerk, James E. Church. Deacons, C. V. Brinkerhoff, A. J. Brinkerhoff, William Paul, W. H. D. Mearns and James H. Campbell. Trustees, Dr. C. F. Adams, President; George De Baun, Sr.; F. H. Wilde; t>avid Martling; J. R. L. Sniffen. Superintendent of Sunday school, C. V. Brinkerhoff. As the Pastor of this church is the compiler 9f this volume, and responsible for its historical pages, he has decided to ,,mit all personal references, not because there is nothing that might be written, but that he prefers t<) do honor to others, and to leave with all those whom he has endeavored to serve JAllES A. ROYEYN, THE HISTORY OP HACKENSACK, N. ]. 49 such memories of his life and labor among them, as they may feel disposed to cherish. The preceding sketch of this church is to be accredited, principally, to the research and }Jen of its very efficient clerk. Fll '' XOTJCE," "July nineteenth in eighteen thirty-five, If God permit and I should be alive, under a willow, near one Vanclerpool, there will be preaching, say, by wise or fool, ,vm be proclaimed to men, the truths of Heaven at half-past two, should audience be given: and the good people are (hereby depend) Respectfully invited to attend." "A FAR~IER." The nu.n who posted that notice, and who preached the sermon thus strangely ::i.nnounced, was John Hancock, a local preacher of the :Methodist Episcopal Church. On that lovely summer afternoon the preacher made his appearance, carrying a chair borrowed from a neighbor for the occasion, and under the willow on the ,·illage green before an audience seated on the grass, steps and in doorways and windows of the public and private houses nearby, he told the glories of the cross in a free and full sah·ation by repentance towar~l God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. He shortly afterwards repeated the service in the same place, his audience this time being seated on seats provided by one of the hotel keepers. He also preached to the prisoners from the text, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" The house of Mrs. Haselden was then opened to him, where he preached every two weeks for some time. Such was the beginning of ~lethodism in Hackensack. Father Hancock con tin uecl his work, and about 1837 the Methodist Protestants organized a church, which, after a struggle of six or seven years, finally disbanded on account of financial embarrassments. Through the conversion of E. B. Force and wife at the Cross Street Church, Paterson, a class . was formed at their house at Red ~!ills, under the direction of Rev. D. P. Kidder, and preaching was begun by ministers from Paterson, which resulted First ~lethodist Episcopal Church. in the .Methodist Church at Arcola, and which afterward became the mother of the Hackensack church. Rev. A. E. Ballard, pastor at Red Mills in 1846, and his successor, Rev. J. C. Sommerville, each preached occasionally in the Old ,vashington Academy, Hackensack. Rev. A. L. Brice, who succeeded them at Red Mills, established regular preaching services during his ·term, 1848-49, and organized a cla~s at the house of Rev. Stephen T. Vanderbeck, whose wife was the first to join the class. A board of trustees was elected, and the First ~Iethodist Episcopal Church in Hackensack was erected on the rear of this lot occupied by the pres,:nt church and parsonage, fronting on \Varren street, while the parsonage stood in the corner of State street. For twenty years peace and a fair degree of prosperity attended the work. Then came the adversary, an suspended, During the pastorate of Rev. J. R. Adams, 1874-77, work was resumed. On Tuesday, April 27, 18741 the excavation was begun, and on January 15, 1875 1 the walls, buttresses and brick work of the towers being completed, the lecture room was dedicated, The old church edifice was sold, and for several years the congregation worshipped in the lecture room. On January 15, 1879, work was begun again, and the building finally brought to its present state of completion, and under the pastorate of Rev. J. 0. Rogers, was dedicated to the service of God by Bishop \Vm. L. Harris, D.D., LL.D. The work of the church now progressed with varying degrees of prosperity until the pastorate of Re,r. J. R. Daniel, D. D., 1890-92, when a serious disaffection arose between the pastor and some of the flock, and as a result quite a number of members withdrew from the church, Dr. Daniels was succeeded by Rev. D. D. Jones, who gave five years of faithful miuistry to the church, and in April; 1897, was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. Albert Cain. A revival during the past ·.vinter resulted in twenty conversions, thus manifesting the presence of spiritual power, while all the various organizations, Sunday school, Epworth League, Ladies' Aid, King's Daughters and Mite Society are prosperous. Following is a list of pastors since this Hackensack Church became an independent charge in 1854: In 1854, \V. \\'. \Vythe; 1855, J. W. Kramer; 1856, C. C. \Vinans; 1857, \V. H. McKenia; 1858-59, G. H. \Vinans; 1860-61, C. A. \Vambaugh; 1862-63, S. M. Stiles; 1864-65, J. \V, Sevan; 1867-68, J. Cuvens and James Porter; 1869-71, A. S. Compton; 1872-73, A. Craig; 1874-76, J. R. Adams; 1877-78, S. P. Hammond; 1879, Thos. "'aters and \V. M. Johnston; 1880-82, J. 0. Rogers; 1883, J. B. Taylor; 1884, 'f. H. Smith; 1885-87, J. A. Gutteridge; 1888-891 F. S. Cookman; 1890-91 1 J. R. Daniels; 1892-96, S. D. Jones; 1897, Albert Cain. The three members of the church now living who have been longest connected with it and have shared all its vicissitudes are: Rev. S. T. Vanderbeck, Nicholas Earle and Henry Quackenbush. l\fr. Vanderbeck has the honor of being the first Methodist in Hackensack, and of being connected with the church from its origin until the present time. The present board of church officers are: Local Preacher, Rev. S. T. Vanderbeck; Class Leader, Nicholas Earle: Superintendent Sunday School, Theo. Ames; President Epworth League, George B, Price; Trustees, Theo Amesi President; Henry Quackenbush, Secretary and Treasurer; C. E. Loper, John Vreeland, George H. Birley, Isaac I. Cole, John H. De Mott, Stewards; Henry Quackenbush, C. E. Loper, 'l'hco. Ames, J. H. De ~Iott, I. B. Halstead, ~Irs. Adda S. Gilbert and Mrs. Cornelius Vreeland. Amid all the years of its history this church has proved true to its standards, and its conceptions of its mission, and has long been recognized as among the prominent churches of the town. REV. ALBERT CAIN, A. ~I. 'l'~e present pastor of this church was born in the village of Metamora, Franklin County, Ind., November 4, 1851. As a boy he was an omnivorous reader, always preferring books to games. \Vhen sixteen years of age he was converted and united with the Methodist Church. He at once became impressed with the idea that it was his duty to preach the Gospel, and fbrthwith began to prepare himself for that work, at seventeen he entered college and graduated at twenty-one. After his grad uation he spent four years in business with his brother in Cleveland, Ohio, before entering on his life work. Here on July 19, 18761 he married Miss Jennie Brooker, who has ever since been his faithful assistant in the Master's vineyard. . In the spring of 18781 feeling that the time had fully come for him to be about his Father's busi ness, he abandoned a lucrative position, and, taking his wife and young babe, went west, and began his ministry on the frontier of Kansas. 'fhe change from an income of $1,500 to one of $250 paid in bacon, corn meal, etc. was a great one. Then there were the long hard rides over enormous circuits, sometimes forty miles being covered in a single Sunday, with preaching at various places along the way. None but iron constitutions could long endure the hardships of such a life. In the following fall both Mr. and Mrs. Cain were prostrated by fever, from which their recovery was so slow that it was three months before he was again able to e11ter the pulpit, or his wife to resume her accustomed duties. Even then the restoration was far from complete, and it soon. became evident that Mr. Cain RRV, OIWROR HYDJ.: FISHER, (Deceased.) THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 51 was no longer equal to the task before him. After struggling along for about two years longer, yield ing to the advice of his physician, who told him he must leave the State or die, he abandoned the field and returned to the home of his parents, in Indiana. After a few months of rest under the parental roof, feeling greatly improved-.., he again began his work. Here 11e labored for four years with increasing success. At the expiration of that time, in order to carry out a long cherished purpose of self -improvement, he came to New Jersey and took a course in Drew Theological Seminary, receiving the degree of B. D. from that institution. Later, he also received the degree of A. M. from New York University. Euclid A,•enue, J.ooking Wes:. Mr. C. Moore's Residence in Foreground. On leaving Drew Seminaty, :Mr. Cain joined the Newark Conference, where he has held the fol lowing appointments-viz., Buttzville, itendham, Franklin, "'ortendyke and Hackensack. On several of the charges, which he has served (notably Arlington, Ind., Buttzville and Mendhmn, N. J.), his work has been characterized by the achievement of remarkable financial success, he having raised large sums of money for the payment of church debts, building and improving church property, etc. His chief work, however, and that in which he has taken most delight, has been that of winning men to Christ. In some instances the number of conversions in revivals which he has conducted, has reached as high as one hundred souls. CHAPTER XVI. CHURCHES CONTINUED. THE SECOND REFOR:\lEI> CHURCH.-THE THlkD REFOR:\IED C.ER:\(AN CHURCH.-IIOLY TRINITY, R. C, CHURCH. CHRIST CHURCH, I'. E,-ZION A. M. E, CHURCH, COLORED.-THE ASBURY :\I. E. CHURCH.-ST, MARY'S R. C. CHURCH,-:\IT, OLIVE BAPTIST CHURCH, COLORED.-CAL\'ARY BAPTIST CHURCH. UNITARIAN CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. THE SECOND REFOR:\IED CHURCH. 1855. HIS church was organized on October 31, 1855, with twelve communicants, and in April, 1856 1 T reported to classis thirty-two families and fourteen communicants. On May 22, 1856, James Demarest, Jr., was called to the pastorate. He accepted the ca11, and was ordained and instt1.lled on July 8th of the same year. Almost immediately after its organization, the church began to gather a building fund, by subscription. A building site having been donated by Mrs. ~!aria Berry, the corner stone of the new church home was laid on July 30, 1856, by Rev. John Knox, D.D. On that occasion the address was made by Prof. ,v. V. V. Mabon, then pastor of the church a•. New Durham. In May of the next year, the ch u r ch was dedicated. Dr. Thomas De ,vitt of the Collegiate Church, N. Y., preached the ser mon, and the dedicatory services were conducted by the pastor's father. Mr. Demarest resigned the pastorate in September, 1863, to accept a call to the North Re• formed Church, Newark, N. J. The chapel was built during his pastorate. On January 1, 186.i, Dr. GeorgeJ·I. Fisher was tendered a call, and, having accepted, was installed on March 13th. During his pastorate the church prospered both spiritually and temporally, Second Reformed Church. the church· edifice was repaired and decorated, the bell placed in the tower and the organ purchased. Because of failing health, Dr. Fisher resigned in the spring of 1871, and was succeeded by Rev. C. B. Durand, during whose ministry the church prospered; and the parsonage was erected at an early date in his pastorate. Having served the church for twelve years, he resigned, and was succeeded in the fall of 1884 by the present pastor, who was installed on December 12th of that year. The following year the audience room was redecorated and furnished; a memorial window to Rev. Dr. Fisher, one to Joseph G, Banta and a font to Mr. Cyrus Knapp were placed wit~in the edifice; the year following, the Sunday school having outgrown its quarters, the chapel was enlarged. · THE HISTORY OF HACKh'NS,lCK, N. ]. 53 The church prospered greatly and increased in numbers, and organized a Christian Endeavor Society, and began to take a deep interest in mission work. The result was the organization of a mission Sunday school, for which a chapel was erected. By December, 18941 the church had cancelled the debt of $5,000 on the parsonage, and had raised sufficient funds to warrant the enlargement of the church edifice, which had for some time been overcrowded. 1'he main audience room was widened, and the seating capacity increased fifty per cent. ; the organ was removed from the rear gallery to an alcove, constructed for it, north of the pulpit, and a motor was attached to the organ, while the building was lighted by electricity. The floor was recarpeted, the walls were decorated and new cushions supplied. New pulpit furniture was provided by the ladies of the church, and a beautiful communion table by the circles of King's Daughters. l\Ir. and Mrs. \Villiam :M. Johnson then erected a memorial room, in memory of their son, \Valter. This room, connecting church and chapel, is used for the Sunday School Primary Department, and is equipped with all modern appliances for work in that department, and has a beautiful memorial window. 'l'he Rev. Arthur Johnson, the devoted and appreciated pastor of this flourishing church, was graduated from Princeton College, 1872, and at Union Theological Seminary, 1875. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of :Morris and Orange in 187 5, and ordained by Presbytery of Lackawanna, May 7, 1877. He was stated supply at Shickshinny, Pa., in 1875, pastor in 1878 1 and assumed the pastorate of his present charge, December 12, 1884. Both the pastor and his wife are held in the highest esteem by his congregation, and by the entire community in which they have labored so faithfully and successfully. The church under their care has become like one of the cedars of Lebanon, The present board of church officers are: Elders. Deacons. ,villiam \Villiams, Arthur N. Comes, Peter Bogert, Rufus K. Storms, ,Villiam ~I. Johnson, Irving H; Labagh, Alvah Trowbridge, Daniel L. Ogden, George '\V. Conklin, Herbert A. Shattuck, Andrew J. De Voe. Edward E. Bogert. Church Treasurer, HERBERT A. SHATTUCK, Clerk of Consistory, EDWARD E. BOGERT. Superintendent of S. S., ARTHUR N. Co~rns, Christia11 Emlcm·or Society. President, REY, ARTHUR JOHNSON, Vice-President, JunsoN D. PETTIGREW. Secretary, GENEVIE\'E BYRD. 'l'reasurer, B£\'ERIDGE C. DUNLOP. Womn11's .'1issio11nry Soc:icty. President, MRs. JonN DuNLOP. Vice-President, Miss AMELIA F1sHER, Secretary, MRs. ARTHUR J OHNsoN, 'freasurer, :MRs. EMMA PLYMPTON. THE THIRD REFORMED GER~IAN CHURCH, 1858. This church was organized in January, 1858, by the following named fifteen persons: John Zinn, Catharina Fishung, Philipp Henry Schaefer, John Muth, Anna Maria Schneider, Catharina \Viegand, Nicholaus Friedrich, Martha Hartwig, '\Vilhelm Hartwig, Christoph Boehm, Frederick Soeldner, Philip Stark, Peter Hahn, John Layer, Ftederich Doerges. The church edifice was erected in 1860, at a cost of about $3,000; and the parsonage about ten years later. The first board of consistory consisted of H. Schaefer and John Muth, Elders, and 54 THB HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. John Layer and John Zinn, Deacons. During the forty years of its existence, the church has been served by eleven pastor~. Rev. Ch. Berger, 1858-60; Rev. \Vm. \Volff, 1861-63; Rev. A. Schroder, 1864-70; Rev. H. Loesch, 1870-72; Rev, Rieke, 1872-73; Rev. G. Saul, 1873-74; Rev. Rieke, 1874- 77; Rev. George \Vindermuth, 1877-79; Rev. H, Frech, 1879-81; Rev. Louis Goebel, 1881-90. Rev. John Bombin began his labors in 1890, and continues to the present time. The church edifice represents the zeal and generous gifts of its membership, and is a substantial and commodious structure. The present officers of the church are Henreick Koester, Superintendent of Sunday school; John Lorenz, Heinrich \Vemeking, Herman Kuhnert, Elders; Jacob Rieve, August Schaefer, Carl Lorenz, Deacons. The present membership of the church is about eighty. Rev. John Bombin, the present pastor, was born in the same month and in the same year in which the church he serves was organized. He was b or 11 in Allen stein, East Prn_ssia, as the son of a merchant. After passing through the primary schools of his native place, he re ceived his education in the gymnasiums (colleges) at Raessel, Allenstein and Hohen stein. In August, 1882, he graduated with honors from the gym nasium at Hohenstein. He studied law and political economy and heard lectures (pub lica) on theology, phi losophy and art for six years, nt the U niver sity in Koenigsberg. In 1888 he came to America and studied Holy 'rrinity Church (R, c.) t h e o 1 o g y for three years in the Theologi- cal Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J. In 1891 he was ordained pastor of the church which he now serves, HOJ,\' 1'RINJ'l'\'1 R, C, CHURCH, 1862. The old church at Lodi was for some time the Mecca for the devout catholics of these parts, and is to-day among the older catholic residents of Hackensack an object of veneration c,n account of its early association. Father Senez, its builder and first pastor, nearly fifty years ago, still Jives as the honored rector of St. Mary's, Jersey City. About thirty-six years ago, the ecclesiastical authorities saw fit to give the catholics of Hackensack, what was to serve as a temporary church. It was built on Lawrence Street, and here for a few years, the children received their elementary education, The growth of the parish soon made it necessary to look for better accommodations, and after some debate about location, it was decided to purchase t11e site of the present church from the late John C. Myers. This was ~one by the Rev. Dr. Braun, now of New York City, on March 31 1 1867. l:{g\'. \\', w. 1101,f,gy, THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. 55 The Rev. P. Corrigan, the first resident pastor, preceded Dr. Braun, and officiated at Hacken sack and Fort Lee, from September, 1863, to May, 1866. Dr. Braun began the work on the present church, but soon resigned, and left its completion to his successor, the Rev. P. Cody, now the esteemed pastor of the magnificent church of St. James in Newark. The church was dedicated Apri1 19, 1868. Father Cody began and finished the work on the present rectory in 1869. He was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Gt•.rvey, now president of St. Charles' Seminary, Philadelphia, in February, 1870. On Novt·mber 17, 1870, the Rev. J. Rolando was made rector. The old burial ground at Lodi was no Jonger considered available. New ground was purchased in the vicinity of town, and a new cemetery was mapped and laid out by him. The school building was erected in 1875 during this pastorate. Rev. P. S. Dagnanet assumed charge January, 1876, and administered the parish affairs until July, 1878. He was followed by the Rev. M. J. Kirwan, who remained for nearly seven years, and was made rector of East Or,1.nge, September, 1885. His successor was the Rev. P. M. Corr, late pastor of St. Bridget's Church, Jersey City. He assumed a debt of over $14,000, which had been placed on the church property. The church building was sadly in need of repair, and spiritual matters needed looking after. Father Corr proved himself very soon master of the situation. The work of renovation was begun at once, and a pleasing transformation soon greeted the grateful eyes of the congregation. After this was done, he built a residence for the Sistets of Charity, who had already e:itabiished themselves in town, and began the reduction of the debt. The Rev. J. O'Donnell, for ten years one of the a~sistant priests at Orange, succeeded Father Corr, January 7, 1890, and continued the good work, displaying excellent taste and judgment, while reducing the debt to $3,500; besides having secured to the church, two lots, used as a play ground for the children. He left Hackensack to assttme the pastorate of St. Joseph's Church, Newark, on March 12, 1894, and was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Jo~eph J. Cunnellr, the present pastor, who was for six years rector at Franklin, Sussex Cour.ty, N. J., and was for a time assistant to Rev. P. Corrigan in Hoboken. He was born in New York City, over 40 years ago, and was educated in the public and parochial schools of that city. His classical studies were pursued in the old college at Bardstown, Ky., and he was ordained at Preston Park Seminary, Louisville, Ky., in 1881. " 7hile rector at Franklin, a church was erected at Deckertown and a club house and hall at Franklin. 'l'he clebt against Holy Trinity was paid off. under his management, last year. A flourishing school is conducted at the expcn.;e of the church and r35 pupils enrolled. 'l'he best of the latest methods of education are pursued and the appliances are up-to-date. The congregation of Holy 'l'rinity numbers about 675 souls. Its past healthy and steady growth bids fair to continue. 'l'he character of its music is o.c a high order. Prof. Klaus, the organist and director of the church orchestra, is succeeding admirably in developing tht.• musical talent among its youthful members. The lay trnstces of the chur~h are Daniel G. Jeffers and D. Fubricly, who have sen•ed continuously for the past ten years. Sister Clara is in charge of the Sunday school, which is also in a healthful and prosperous condition. CHRIST CHURCH, l', E, 1863. Christ Church came into being in 1861, and in 1862 began public worship when Dr. D. F. ,varren of Trinity Church, Elizabeth, N. J., cond11cted services on Tuesdays during Lent in the ,vashington Institute, corner Main and ,varren streets. These lenten services continued until April 12 1 1863, when Rev. \V. G Farrington officiated at th'! fir~t Sunday service. The following Sunday, a Sunday school with two teachers and five scholars, b.~gan its work, and on May u, 1863 1 the parish was organized with the following vestry: Wardens, Samuel Munn, Henry J. Hall; Vestrymen, Jc,hn G. Clayton, V. M. ~amee, James H. Beatty, F. ,v .. Smith, Thomas Schubley, Gilliam J. Rutan, Abram G. Munn, Richard E. Halsey; and on the 18th of May, \V. G. Farrington was elected pastor. In October of the same year, a committee was appointed to secure a building fund. They raised 56 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. $9,300 in the eighteen months following, and in the spring of 1865 began the erection of their church edifice, the corner:,tone being laid July 18, of that year. 'l'his edifice was formerly opened on January 31, 1866, when Rev. Dr. Dix was present and delivered a sermon. The structure cost $19,000; $13,ooc1 being paid, leaving a mortgage of $6,000. In May, 1870, Dr. Farrington resigned, and in the fall of the same year was succeeded by the present rector, Rev. Dr. ,vmiam ,vel1es Holley. During the spring of 1871 the rectory was erected on a lot, donated the previous October, by Hon. Charles H. Voorhis. 'J'his when completed increased the mortgage debt $5,000. In the spring of 1878 the church sittings were made free. 'l'he wisdom of this step was quickly demonstrated, for an era of prosperity at once began, and on February 22, 1881, the church edifice was consecrated free from debt. In October, 1882, work was begun on the Guild House, which wm erected at a cost of $5,400, with a debt of $3,500, which was paid inside of three years. The r. church edifice, as ' originally construct- ed, ~rnd a wooden front. 'l'his was re placed by the present one of brick and stone, and the belfry erected, in 1892, at a cost of $22,000, of !I. i which only $7,500 • I ,i: t i •.. J •. remains unpaid. ~ ~~ ,_,i, • ' i . /- . .,, Thus from a ' little beginning c,f , .. fifteen fa111ilies anc; seventeen communi cants, this church has grown in thirty five year5 to a body of one hundred and seventy families and about six hundred members, has be come the owner of the most valuable ,. church property in -.... - ...... the town, and stands . _1.L L .• . . ~ ... . , ·~..,- .._..i.~ .. ~•.·~•· -:.."! to-day a monument of Christian activity, Christ Ch11rch (I'. E.) perfectly equipped for the great work to which it is consecrated. It is rich in fine memorials; and also has a surplice<~ choir of thirty male voices, that adds greatly to the impressiven•:!SS of its worship. During its history, this church has given the princely sum of over $200,000 for the furtherance of the cnuse it serves at home and abroad, "rilliam \Vclles Holley, D. D., who has served this church as rector more than twenty-seven year:;. is a native of Geneva, N. Y., and a graduate of Trinity College. He stm,,ed law three years at Yal~, took a theological course nt Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn,, antl was ordained to the ministry in 1865. His first position was that of assistant rector at St. Paul's Church, New Haven, Conn., where he labored one-year. Subsequently, he was rector of the Church of the Holy Comforter, Eltingville, S. I., fourteen months; and of Christ Church, NewtQn, N. J., for two years and five months, prior to his assuming his present charge on October 2, 1870. TIIE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 57 During this lakr ministry, he has been highly blessed; and has by his untiring energy, and the sterling worth of his resourceful nature, and his executive ability won a very high place in the affectionate regard of his fellow townsmen. The management of the church finances has been directed largely by him. He has superintended the Sunday school, and for many years, until the choir was organized, led the singing. In 1880 he was made Dean of the Convocation of Jersey City, and the same year received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of :Mississippi. \Ve are sure there are none in Hackensack who do not wish for him and his devoted congregation very many more years of united energetic effort for the good of mankind. The present board of church officers is constituted as follows: \Vardens, L. J. Van Boskerck an(: \V. P. Ellery; Vestrymen, H. L. Bruns, F. A. Anthony, A. H. Kent, A. \V. Dickinson, F. E. Scammell, C. J. \Vood; Clerk, A. H. Kent; Treasurer, H. L. Bruns; Lay Reader, Robert A. Hewitt; Crucifiers and Alter Sen1ers, W. B. Heward, P. F. Randolph, \V, \Vidnall, C. \V, 0. Schmultz; Organist, Miss A. :\L Hague; Choir Directress, Miss H. Van Boskerk; Superintendent Sunday school, the Rector. ZION A. :-.1, E, CHURCH (COLORED.) 1865. This church was organized in 1865, and soon after :\Ir~ L. H. Sage donated the lot on which the church stands. The church was erected about three years later. Owing to the refusal of the church to receive the pastor, recently ·sent them by the conference, on account of his physical disability, and the failure, thus far, of the Bishop to appoint another, and the expiration of the official terms of all the church officers, no further statement can be added, because the needful information is i10t to be obtained. In past years, this church has done much to promote a true religious spirit among its members. THE ASBURY :'-f, E, CHURCH, HACKENSACK. 1868, On the evening of Octobe1 9, 1868, a few of the members of the ::\Iethodist Episcopal Church in Hackensack met at the residence of John N. Gamewell, and, "after a full interchange of opinions as tG th~ surest method of promoting the peac<.~, harmony and consequent prosperity of the church" (as the minutes of the , meeting read), passed the following resolution: "Rcsofred, 'l'hat in the fear of God, and with the good of souls solely in view, it is our deliberate judgment that the time has fully come when the best interests of our beloved church demand the organization of a second iiethoclist Episcopal Church in this place." The signatures of six men, namely, Stephen Rogers, John N. Gamewell, Dr. N. R. Byrn, Joshua 'l'. Bun, Jacob S. Lozier and Or. A. S. Burdett, were given, and these were the founders of the Asbury :\I. E. Church of Ha,~kcnsack. '.l'hirty-six members of the first M. E. Church (th~n gener ally known as the "\Vnrren Street Church") wel'e "trans ferrC'd" to Asbury Church, and services were begun in Anderson Hall, the Rev. Jeremiah Cow ins being the first pastor, serving for one year, and being succeeded by Rev. Alexander H. Tuttle, who served three years, nnd who has since then attained distinction as a Methodist preacher, being the well-known Dr. Tuttle. In the first year of Dr. 'l'uttle's pastora'~e the corner stone was laid for a handsome church edifice. The location was on State Street, just above where the Susquehanna railroad now crosses that thoroughfare. The building was of brick, 5 r x 82 feet; the tower standing in front rose II 5 feet above the ground; a chime of bells ancl a clock to strike Asbury :M. E. Church, TIJH !IISTORJ' OF ll.-lCK/:.'XS..ICK, .V. J. the quarter hours had been purchased; the furnishings were the best, and on New Y car's Day, 1871, the congreg-ation assembled with happy hearts, to consecrate the building to Goel. On the evening of February .2, 1.Si 1, a fire was cliscoverccl in the vestibule of tht' new building. 'l'he tfames spread with great rapidity, and two hours after the discovery of the firf\ cracked and smoking walls and a mass of cinders were all that remained of the handsome stru.:ture. 'l'he other churches in Hackensack expressed their sympathy and tendered their aid to Asbury in her great distress. The trustees of the Hackensack Academy tendered the free use of their lecture room, which offer was accepted. In ~larch, 1872, Rev . .A. H. Tuttle':; pastorate hadng expired by limitation, Rev. J. P. ::\Iaucaulay was appointed. From the report of the retiring pastor, it is learned that the membership nearly doubled during his term. Rev. ::\Ir. :Uancaulay was compelled, on account of illness, to relinquish his pastorate. The pulpit was then supplied until the regular appointment of Rev. J. A. Lippincott, who served from 1872 to I 874. At various times there were ineffectual attempts made at reunion with the First :\lethoclist Church, but the idea was finally abandoned. Rev. J. A. Lippincott was elected to the Chair of ~Iathematics in Dickinson College, and afterward became one of the most distinguished educators of the ,vest. Rev. JotH~han H. Dally succeeded to the Asbury pastorate, and served until 1870; he \\'as much thought of, and his subsequent fate (he being drowned in the ~lississippi river) was lamented by a11 who knew him. The next pastor was Rev. J. A. Owen; he remained two years, allll was succeeded by Re,·. E. Mayhew Garton, in 1878. During the latter's pastorate the present church on State street, near Passaic street, was erected, the cost, including lot, being- about $8,000. Rev. )Ir. Garton setTed the full term of three years. at that time the limit, and the next appointee was Re,r. John I. ::\Iorrow, who benefited the church greatly by reason of his aptitude in the adjust ment of financial matters. He also served three years, and the church reluctantly parted with so good a man. He recently died, fu]l of years, and in the frwor of Goel and man. In 1884 Rev. ,vinficld S. ~IcCowan was appointed pastor, and in 1886 Rev. Joseph ,v. DaJly (a cousin of the former pastor, Jonathan H. Dally) came to minister to the people of Asbury, and sen·ed fh·e years, the present time-limit. During this period the parsonage south of the church was built, and the interior of the church building was beautified. Rev. Richard Johus was the next pastor, and his five years' services were of the most faithful character. During his term the Sunday school room-an addition in the rear of the main church was built, and the general affairs of the church, which up to this time had shown quite constant yet very slow advancement, indicated a marked impr.Jvement. . The last pastor, Rev. ~[orris T. Gibbs, who came in 1896, won the hearts of the people by his careful and harmonious administration. At this writing, there is a church nfombership of 125, and a Sunday school consisting- of 1 50 scholars and twenty teachers. 'l'he church property is valtted at $12,000. In concluding this narration, it may be appropriate to quote from the Bergc11 Co11nt; 1 Dt•macrat of November 22, 1889, as its words still hold true. Commenting on the history of Asbury Church, it said: "\Ve have not space to trace all the trials and providences that have attended this church. It is sufficient to say, that though the society is not numerically large, its harmony, unity, zeal and devotion must remain unq~1cstioned. 'l'he church has done more good than many people may imagine; and, if the truth were known, this young sister among the churches of Hackensack has little cause to blush for shame at the smallness of her gleanings in the Lord's great harvest field." Rev. Henry ~!oore Simpson, the present pastor, was born in London, England, in 183i, and was graduated from \Vesleyan University in 1860. He read theology under the direction of his father, and was licensed to preach by the iiethodist Episcopal Church in 1863, His pastorates in Jersey City were at three different churches, also at \Vestfield, South Orange, Roselle and Paterson. And for six years, by appointment of the Bishop, he served as Chaplain of the Sanitarium of Dr. Strong at Tl/B IIISTORr OF ll:lCKEXS:lCK, N. ]. 50 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., during which time more than seven thousand persons were in the institution. Upon resuming pastoral work in the church in 1898, he was appointed to the pastorate of the Asbury M. E. Church, in which field he will find opportunity for the exercise cf a11 his trained faculties. In 1879 he married :\I rs. R. Duncan, of Indianapolis, who was remo,·ed in 1882 from the services and fellowships of eard1 to those of heaven. '!'he Asbury Church official board is as follows: Trustees, "rm. B. Smith, Isaac I. Cole, \V. '1'. Feicller, Uriah Speer, J. B. Romaine, \Vm. Hughes, S. B. Garrison, J. B. Romaine, President. Stewards, Isaac I. Cole, District Steward, \V. ~I. Hutchinson, Recording Steward, M. B. Smith, Treasurer; C. E. \VHdc, J. L. ~lerritt, George \Valker, \V. H. Birkley, ~[rs. Sarah Taylor, Mrs. Mary C. Bartine. George "ralker, Superintendent Sunday school; \V. ~I. Hutchinson, President Epworth League, Isaac J. Cole, \V. H. Birkley, Class Leaders. ST. ~!.\RY'S R. C. CHURCH. I 891. St. )Iary's Church was organized by Bishop "rigger in 1891, with nearly 300 communicants in its parish. 'l'he church edifice was erected in 1891 on the corner of Vreeland avenue and \Villiams avenue, the corner stone being laid Jt,ne 8th, and the church finished and dedicated No,·ember 8, 1891. The first pastor was r. Re,·. John Hennes, who was only here about ten months, when Father John E. Lambert, who speaks English, German ai1d Italian fluently, and has some knowledge of several other languages, was sent to take charge of the church because of his ability to speak in so many tongues. Father Lambert has charge of the most 11i,·ersified congre gation to be found in the State. Among his communicants there are thirty families of Italians, twenty families of Polanders, twenty of Bohemians, twenty-five of Germans, fifteen English and Irish, and seven French. He preaches regularly in three languages, viz.: English, German and Italian. The Scripture lesson and all notices being read in each of these languages at each service. He came here on March 15, 1892 and within t,vo years, more than thirty cottages were erected in the vicinity of his church, and the improvement at once became so apparent that our Improvement Commissioners began to impro,·e the streets, and extended the electric lights to the streets in that section. 'l'he Rectory was begun in June, 1893, and so great was the st. Mnrr's R. c. Church. interest of his people, that it was finished free from debt at a cost of $2,500. This sum was raised during the construction of the house. The number of communicants in the parish has increased to about 600, and there are in all about 850 Catholics in that district. Father Lambert also serves St. Francis Church at Ridgefield Park, and has just started a mission at Ridgefield. 'l'he lay trustees are Emil Dams and Theodore Hordyck, and the Rector is superin tendent of the Sunday school of 125 children, where he is assisted by five lady teachers. Father Lambert was born of German parentage, at Philadelphia, Pa., February 20, 1864. His parents shortly after remo,·ed to Brooklyn, N. Y., and he took his classical course at St. John's College in that city, and graduated in June, 1885. He then began a theological course at Seaton Hall College, South Orange, N. J. In October of the same year, he was sent to College Brynole-Sale, at Genoa, Italy, where he studied theology, and the Italian language, four years. From there he went to Innsbuch in the Tyrol, Austria, in 1889 and completed his theological course in 1890, mid wa; ordained to the ptiesthoocl there the same year by the Archbishop of Braxton. He then came to America again and was assistant rector at St. Peters Church, Newark, for seventeen months, when he was appointed to his present charge, where, notwithstanding the diverse nationality of his people, he is giving perfect satisfaction, and his church is united and prosperous. 60 THE HISTORY OF HACKHNSACK, N. ]. The debt on the church has been reduced to $1 ,5001 and will soon be completely provided for, and 1iqniclatcc1. MT, OLl\'E 11.-\PTIST CHURCH (COLORED,) 18S9. On Sunday, July 2, 1889, a company of our colored people met in the old Irving Hall, corner 7\Iain and :Mercer streets, to consider the advisability of organizing a Bnptist 7\Iission in town, and Rev, J. J. Porter, of Elizabeth, N. J., preached for them at that place both morning and evening on that day. After the evening service an organization was effected under the title of the ~It. Olive Baptist ~Iission of Hackensack, N. J., and the following board of managers appointed: Thomas ,Vil Iiams, president; ~Irs. Lucy B. Pickett, secretary; ~Iiss Sarah Mansfield, assistant secretary, and :Mrs. Thomas ,villiams, treasurer. AppJications were at once made for membership by some twenty nine persons, and these became the constituent members of the body, and oi1 the third Thursday in July of that year, called Rev. J. J. Porter to the pastorate. He remained with them for three years, during which the mission was reorganized and recognized in 1892, as an Independent Baptist Church. The lot upon which the present church building stands, on James street, near First street, was then purchased and paid for at a cost of $290, Very soon afterward, 1Ir. Porter resigned and was succeeded by Rev. J. ,v. Jeffries. Under his pastorate, the lecture room, 20 x 40 feet, was erected in 1893, at a cost of $780, and from the date of its completion the church left the 1Iain Street HaJl and worshiped in the lecture room. ~Ir. Teffries resigned in ~larch, 1895, and on June 29, 1895, )Ir. J. L. 11arable, of Richmond, \~a., then not yet ordained, was called to the pastorate, and on Thursday, December 7, the same year, he was ordained by a council convened for that purpose. \\'hen Mr. ~!arable came to the church he found them in debt to the extent of $200, which he soon persuaded his flock to settle in fttll, and in 1896-97 they raised and deposited in the Hackensack Bank, $500 toward a building fund for a new church edifice. The congregation hadng grown too large for the lecture room to accommodate, it became necessary to provide a new ,~d:fice. \Vork was begun on July I, 1897, on the )It. Olh·e Hnptist Church. new structure, the corner stone was ]aid July 11 ; and on November 14, 1897, the new church was dedicated. The cost of the building was $1,500. The present ,·alue of the church property is $2,500. 'fhe mem- bership now numbers fifty-four, The present board of church officers arc Jamcs Dangerfield, Preston Pafillell, David Houseman, ,vm. Hire, James ,v. Adamson and )Iatthew '!'oliver, Deacons and D. H. Hasse11, Church Clerk. Rev. J. H. :Marable, the pastor, was born in Loaningsburg County, Va., in 1863, removed to Richmond, Va., in 1877, where he was converted in 188B, and believing himself called to the ministry, he entered upon that work. He was licensed to preach by the Sixth )lount Zion Church of Richmond in 1891, then under the pastoral care of Rev. John Jasper. He removed to this State in 1893, and in 1895 he accepted the call of the Mt. Olive Church, and has sen·ecl that church with a good measure of success up to the present time. For an organization of such recent date and Jimited resources, this church has certainly accom plished a great work, and is receiving the just reward of its consecrated efforts. CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH, 1896. The temporary organization of the Cavalry Baptist Church was effected on May 5, 1896, at the residence of .Mr. \ViJliam E. Taylor, Mr. Jacob H. Bennett and Mr. Hugh Gibson were respectively THE HISTORY OF H.4CKENS.4CK, N. ]. chosen as chairman and secretary. At this meeting the fo11owing committees were appointed: Devotional, R. H. Gilbert, Richard ,v. Bush and Hugh Gibson; Finance, ,v. E. Taylor, T. ,v. Spencer, A. A. Eckerson and R. A. Bennett, ~Ir. Bennett serving as treasurer. Prayer meetings were held at the homes of the brethren and sisters interested, but before long it was found necessary to procure more commodious quarters. Library Hall was accordingly engaged, and on September 6, 1896, the first public service was held, the Rev. J. K. Folwell (the present pastor) officiating. On October 29, 1896, the question of organizing the congregation into a regular Baptist Church was discussed, and the plan for organization adopted. On December 3, 1896, the church incorporated 11ncler the name of "The Calvary Baptist Church of Hackensack, Bergen County, N. J." A full complemenr of officers was elected as follows: Church Clerk, :\Ir. John D. "r estervelt; Deacons, P. L. Conklin, G. H. Sannier and R. H. Gilbert; Trustees, Richard ,v. Bush; (President), Hugh Gibson, S. S. Conover, A. A. Eckerson and R. A. Bennett (Treasurer~. These officers continue without change. A Sunday school was also organized with the following officials: Superintendent, :Mr. J. H. Bennett; Assistant Superintendent, l\Ir. Hugh Gibson; Secretary, :\Ir. C. D. \V. Gilbert; Treasurer, Miss A. L. Shaffer; Librarians, Clifton Dunn, John ,vinant and J. B. Ricardo. On December 16, the Rev. George B. Giffin was elected superintendent ancl :\Ir. R. H. Gilbert assistant superintendent, the only other change being the election of :\Ir. Henry Eckerson as assistant librarian in place of J. B. Ricardo. On December 15, 1896, a council for recognition was convened. The credentials presented at this council inclicatecl thirty delegates present, representing twelve churches in the North New Jersey Baptist Association, together with four ministerial Brethren from other associations. The council by unanimous vote, accepted the petitioners as a r~gular Baptist Church, and on the evening of December 21, the customary recognition services were lteld. At this time the membership comprised forty three comnmnicants. Subsequent accessions numbered thirty-four, twenty-two of whom were received by letter, four by baptism and eight on confession of faith, making a present membership of seventy seven. 'l'he first session of the Sunday school was hel pastor in ~cw York City and Brooklyn, who also had two brothers in the ministry. The mother's maiden name was Janc B. 'J'aylor, a clesccndant of the ,vatt's familr, made famous hy Dr. Isaac W'atts, the great English hymn writer, she also hadng two brothers who were ministers. Mr. Folwell was com·ertcd at the early age of eight, and baptized soon after his eleventh birthday. Graduated from Colgate l'niYersit~· in 18iS with a degree of A. B. he entered Hamilton Theological Scmhary. Hi~ studies were discontinued for one year to take charge of the Baptist Church at Lake wood, N. J., and he was there ordained. He next fil1ed a ,·acancy at Peddie Institute, Highstown, N. J ., as instructor in Greek and Latin, for a brief period, continuing his studies meanwhile, he returned to Hamilton and graduated with his class in 1882, with the degree of A. ~I. His first pastorate was at Athens, Pa., which he relinquished after eighteen m .. nths, on account of illness. He next went to ,vestfield, where he labored with marked success for nenrly seven years, when he again withdrew from the work, owing to poor health. He sen·ed the church at Demarest, N. J., acceptably as stated supply, and in September, 18961 came to supply the pulpit of his present chnrge, then being organized, which led to his acceptance of the pastorate. His labors arc appreciated, as his growing congregation testifies. He has shown great interest in the Y. :\I. C. A. work, and has had charge of their Bible Class for the past year. THE FIRST CNITAl'.L\N COXfiREl:.-\TIOX,\L CHURCH, I 897. Probably the yom:.gest church society in Hackensack is that of the Unitarians. The movement had its beginning in aa informal meeting, held in Jannary, 1897, at the home of l\lr. Frank Olmstead, then residing on upper l\Iain street. )fr. Olmstead, being an enthusiastic advocate of t:nitarian principles, had much to do in giving the movement its early impetus, and it was largely due to his energy, freely expended, that the nucleus of the organization was formed, ,vith the assistance of the American Cnitarian Society, serdccs were begun early in March, the Rev. Frank S. C. w·ickes, of Passaic taking charge of the work. 'l'he first services were held in )I usic Ha11, Bakman Building, :\fain street. In .April another meeting of gentlemen who had become interested in the movement was held in 1Ir. Olmsteacl's home and the following temporary or voluntary committee was selected to take charge of the work: Chairman, ,vm. C. 'fhomas; Secretary, Frank Olmstead; Treasurer, Irdng ,v. Banta; H. B. Harding and Le,·erett H. Sage. During the spring, the attendance averaged about twent_, .. f;ve. Through the kindness of )Ir. ,v. D. )lorehouse, Superintendent of the American Unitarian Society, distinguished dh·ines from New York and Brooklyn came to Hackensack and conducted the afternoon services. Among these were the Rev. )Ii not J. S,n-agc, the late Rev. Stephen J. Camp, Rev. Charles A. Porter and the Rev. Samuel A. Eliot. During the summer, services were discontinued, but in October, 1897, they were resumed, the opening sermon being preached by the Rev. Robert D. Collyer. 'l'he committee was subsequently reorganized as follows: Chairman, Harry B. Harding; 'l'reasurer, Irving ,v.-Banta, Secretary, Sewcl1 L. Forcl. Xew quarters, much more comfortable and appropriate for the purpose, were obtained in the new Odd Fellows' Building, and a partially successful attempt made to 111:ikc the organization self sustaining by soliciting regular subscriptions. Re,·. Samuel A. Eliot, then pastor of the Church of the Sa\'ior, Brooklyn, was engaged to conduct the evening sen·ices, and, owing largely to the series of eloquent sermons with which the little band of Unitarians were favored during the fall and early winter, the attendance increased until the congregation averaged about forty. Colonel"'· 0. Snow was added to the standing committee about this time to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. 'fhomas. Mr. Olmstead had, prcdous to this time, removed from town, much to the regret of his fellow committeemen, whom he had served so well, as a leader in the enter!>rise. In December, Mr. Eliot was chosen Secretary of the American Unitarian Society, and his removal to Boston made it impossible for him to continue to take charge of the services. For several weeb his place was supplied by the Rev. John C. Kimball, an eloquent nnd learned gentleman, formerly of Xew Haven. TIIB J/ISTOR1. OP JIACl{EXSACK, N.]. Early in 18·)·: tl1t question of forming a p<'rmancnt organization was earnestly discussed, and on February , 3 the mc:tter was submitted to the congregation. The vote in the affirmative was unanimous, and the voluntary committee was instructed and authorized to take the necessary legal steps tow:1rcl in corporation, and to prepare constitution and by laws to be submitted to the society for approval. The legal notice was posted, calling for a business meeting of the society, on February 24. At that meeting the congrcgatwn was well represented, and Superintendent ~Ioorehouse of the American Cnitarian Society was present to render aid and giye advice. ,v. D. Snow was chosen chairman and Sewell L. Ford secretary of the meeting. 'l'he congregation voted to incorporate the society under the name of The First Cnitarian Congregational Church of Hackensack. Trm,tees and officers were elected as follows: President, ,v. D. Snow; Secretary, Sewell L. Ford; Treasurer, Irving ,v. Banta; Trustees, ,v. D. Snow, Sewell L. Ford; Irving \V. Banta, Harry B. Harding, Leverett H. Sage, D. L. Cobb, )frs. Emma C. Tucker, )Irs. Jeremiah Pangburn, Jr., ancl )liss Jennie Sage, The Board of Trustees was authorized to file the necessary papers of corporation which was done as soon after as possible. The principles, purpose and scope of the society are briefly summed up in the constitutional preamble which is as follows: ",ve, the members of the Unitarian Society of Hackensack, believing that there is in this vicinity the need of a religious body which, holding that practical religion is summed up in 'Love to Goel and love to man,' which also stands for the largest liberty of inquiry and belief and places no limit to its fellowship short of Christianity itself; do hereby unite with others who may come among us for this purpose and do adopt the following as ottr constitution." At this writing the services are suspended for the summer, but the society is in a healthy and vigorous state, and the members are anticipating with pleasure and interest the resumption of serYices in the fall, when a permanent pastor is to be engaged. Larger plans for the future are also in mind, bnt 1.one has as yet taken definite shape. In connection with the society, there was formed in ::\lay, 1897, a local branch of the National Alliance of Unitarian and other Liberal Christian ,vomen. Through the efforts of ::\frs. "r· C. Thomas and )lrs. H. B. Harding, the ladies of the congregation met with ::\Irs. R. G. Bell, Di.rector for New Jersey of the National Alliance, and the organization of the Branch Alliance was completed with the election of the following officers: President, ::\Irs. H. B. Harding; Secretary, ~lrs. I. \V. Banta and Treasurer, ::\Iiss Jennie Sage. ~Icetings of the Branch Alliance have been held e,·ery week since. The reading of good litera ture, including sermons by celebrated Unitarian divines, and Unitarian history, as well as the making of useful household articles, by the sale of which the Branch has acquired a fund for charity and church uses, have served to make these meetings most interesting. At the last annual meeting the Branch Alliance elected the following officers: President, ~Irs. S. L. Ford; Secretary, )lrs. I. ,v. Ranta, Treasurer, Mrs. D. L. Cobb. This the latest of churches to come into being, has already attracted wide attention and increasing interest by its progressive spirit, its de,·otion to lofty ideals, and its determination to place itself in the very front rank of the moral forces of our community. CHAPTER XVII. THE XEW'SPAPERS OF HACKENSACK. HE BERGEN COUNTY DE~[OCRA T is the oldest newspaper in the county. Previous to T 1859, several attempts had been made to establish a newspaper in Hackensack, but all of them proved failures. Occasionally during an exciting political campaign, we had the Hackensack Star, or the Hackensack Eaglt, generallyprint.ed in Jersey City or New York, and when the campaign was over the life of the newspaper went with it. In 1857 prominent lrnsiness men in Hackensack put se,·eral hundred dollars in a common purse nnd started the Bagen Co1111ty Journal. An editor was secured and the newspaper was regularly published until 1861, when its editor, Jc,seph Baldwin, enlisted in the army and the publication ceased. On the 1st of October, 1861, C. C. Burr started the Bergen Co1111ty Democrat and Roddc11ul County Jo11r11al. The newspaper was printed in New York City. Knowing nothing of the important details in the publication of a newspaper, :\Ir. Burr became itwolvecl in difficulties which threatened the continued existence of the newspaper. At this time, and not knowing of the publication of the Democrat, ?!Ir. Eben ,Vinton purchased the plant of the defunct journal, and with :\Ir. Burr formed a co-partnership for the publication of the Bergen Co1111tJ 1 Democrat. 1'he Rockland County edition was suspended. 'l'his co-partnership lasted less than a year, when l\fr. Burr withdrew. Its success was almost immediately assured. Its circulation and general business increased from month to month, when, in 1870, :\Ir. \Vinton took his son Henry into the management of the business, under the firm name of E. \Vinton & Son, 'l'his partnership lasted for a year, when the senior member withdrew and the son continued the business. He ha,:; made it a recognized newspaper in the state, and its infiuencc has been vc__ ry marked in connection with County and St.-!t.e politics. It was one of the first countr newspapers in the Sratc to make a business of collecting local news from all sections of the County. Consequently nearly :-I every family read it. P01itically it has always been Democratic. Office of Bergen County Democrat. Independent in its criticis11J of public: '">fficials, regardless of party, it has necessarily brought tfown upon its head the hatred of petty p0liticians. In the Presidential canvass of 1896, it supported Palmer and Buckner in preference to 1Ir. Bryan. Through all these years, the public has given the Dtmocrat its cordial support, and the property to day is one of the most valuable weekly newspaper plants in the State. Tm-: HAcKE~sAcK REPUBUCAN was established in 1870, as The New Jtrsey Republican, succeeding a paper called The 1Vatc/1111an, which was published upon original and independent lines hy L. D. Hay. Arnold B. Johnson edited the new paper until 18741 when for about a year it was conducted by Hugh M. Herrick, who had gained a practical newspaper experience in New York City, but previous to his assuming control of Tlte Republican had been connected with the editorial department of The Paterson Guardian. During this brief period T/,e Republican was greatly improved HO:-.. HENRY D. WINTON. Tl/I;' /1/STONl' OF 11:ICl{h'NS:lCA', .\'. J. in all its details, and particularly in its editorial and news colillnns. :\(r. Herrick returned to Tilt' (;uardia11 in 187 5, when \Villiam II. Bleecker and Thomas H. Rhodes became puhli~hcrs of •••n••• 'tUt.UJf.01'"'"••dST, 1•)"'11._Jill.A't. T!tt' Rep11blfra11, but .\Ir. Rhodes retired after a few months. Mr. Bleecker remained at the head of the establishment until 1878, when Thomas B. Chrystal purchased it, changing the name to 1 llt' llt1ck,·11sack Rtp11blico1; he also macle many changes in the mechanical department ancl gave the paper a wide reputation through his lrnmoro11s writings. :\Ir. Chrystal disposed nf the paper in 1882, when for seven years it was published for \\'illiam ~I. John- sun, the new owner, by Eugene K. Bird, who had been conncetecl with the oflicc since 187i. The last and most important change in the ownership of Tiu ffat"ko/Strck Rcp11blica11 was in 1889, when it was purchased hy :\Ir. Herrick, who had previously conducted it for a year. He enlarged the paper, g-reatly impro,·ecl it in appearance, and extended its field of usefulness as a home newspaper, while making it editorially an exponent of independent Republican thought in New Jersey. Tiff Ncpul>lim!I g-ives large space to the especial interest of Hack- ensack and Bergen County, in which the pn:scnt proprietor is efficiently aided by :Mr. Bird, who remains on the paper as local editor and business £:-'='• '"'~~-==f.!f,:~"'a.:. +r. .-. ·-·•. u:-~:.:.~--~i}l&..l,_~i:.:. manager. 'I'11E ErENl~c; REcoRI> was launched June, 1895, by se,·cral young men, strangers to our town, who thought they saw a promising field fur a daily newspaper. 'l'hey lacked sufficient capital to carry the enterprise to success. In February, 1S96, the paper was purchasccl by a corporation organized for that purpose and known as 'l'he E\'ening Record Publishing Company. The entire debt was paid off, and immediate steps were taken to enlarge the plant as well as the influence of the paper. From that time it has steadily gained in both strength and popular favor. Mr. H. \V. Collingwood was made the President of the Company and Editor of the paper, and James A. Romcyn Secretary and Treasurer. In September, 1896, :\[r. Collingwoocl, owing to pressure of other duties, relinquished the entire charg~, when E. 0. Runner was chosen President of the Company, and James A. Romeyn, Editor, retaining his other offices. At the present writing the circulation of the paper covers fully 90 per cent. of its tcrrit0ry, having a circulation of o\'er 1 250 daily. At no time since this Company assumed control has there been occasion for anything hut gratification at the generous manner with which the public has supported the enterprise. It is the only daily paper in Bergen County. In politics it is emphatically independent hut aggressive, keeping pace and in touch with all local interests, and en 'I'HE B1-:R1d~N I:s111-:x 1 weekly, was started February 2j, 1875, by \Villiam N. Clapp. Tiu lmlt•.t· was the first dollar ·weekly in the county. Of the present existing twcnty-fi,·c papers, Tiu b1de.i- was the sev.~uth to be established. The first local editor was Charles A. Shriner, now proprietor of Tit,· S1111dt1J' Chro11ick of Paterson. In 1877 Sanford E. Clapp, brother of \V . .N. Clapp, bought Tile /11do.: and issued it from the old bank 6f> THE ll/STORY OF /JACKh'NSACK, N. ]. building on the Green, now owned and occnpied by Judge \'an Valen. 'l'he circulation was soon -raised to nearly 1 1 000 copies every week. '!'he editor's Prohibition principles resulted in 102 Prohibition Yotes in Bergen County, the greatest proportion of entire vote that party has ever polled. 'l'here had previously been 110 Yotes for that party. Among the many things advocated in Tht· /11d,·x, and now accomplished realities, are the up-building of the town west of the N, J. and N. Y. Railroad. Central Avenue Station, Prospect Avenue Station, a better and more frequent train service, a H. and L. Association, the Y. l\I. C. A., a hack system, police force, Kansas stteet sewer, :\Iacadam on First street, a hospital, electric lights, a township high school, town clock, Hackensack bank, steamers for the fire department, a dty ha11, the opera house, etc, 'fhe proprietor's ambitions have been, first, the good of the people, next, the good of the paper, and last of all, the pecuniary advancement of himself. This arrangement of aims }ms resulted in many ups and downs. 'fhe paper never profited the publisher as its subscription list should have enabled it to do. The frequent advocacy of unpopular, although good measures or men caused corresponding fluctuations in the number of its subscribers and the quality of the paper issued. During its career Tiu Index has moved from the Green to Irving block, thence to 122 ~fain street and is now established in a new building on Sussex street. Started as a weekly, Tht· Index became first a semi-weekly, then a tri-weekly, and now, has returned to its original number of issues, one each week, THE BERGEN Cou~TY H1-:RAL1> was established at Carlstadt by Henry Gerecke, about 1870, and was printed at the office of the Democrat. The newspaper subsequently passed into the hands of Henry Kipp, and was removed to Rutherford, It has had a varied existence since then, and having passed through the ownership of several persons was removed to Hackensack in 1897. A corporation was formed by a number of Democrats of the County who were unable to influence the political policy of the Brrgr11 Co1111IJ1 Dtmocrat. Addison Ely, Jr. 's, name nppears as its editor. It has not been a resident of Hackensack long enough to have any influence on public affairs. :MATTHEW E, CJ~ARENDON. CHAPTER XVIII. THE HACKENSACK IMPROVEMENT COM:MISSION, ANH OTHER MATTERS. THE CO'.\l'.\IISSION,-STREETS AND s11n:WALKS, LAWNS ANll PARKS.-THE TERHUNE HO'.\IF.STEAD.-THE HACK ENSACK WATER CO.-THE HACKENSACK RIVER, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL.-THE BOARD OF HEALTH.-THE POI.ICE FORCE.-THE F)){E I>EPART'.\IENT, THE CO'.\DIISSION, HE first legislative act which named John Huyler, Frederick Jacobson, Peter A. H. Voorhis, T "rm. S. Banta, Peter L. Conklin and David A. Bogert as the incorporators and first hoard of commissioners was appro\'ed April 1, 1868, A supplementary act April 6, 1871, provided for five instead of six commissioners; the establfohment of a Fire Department and the exemption of members of such department from jury and military duty. On March 14 1 1879, a further supplement provided for the appointment of a Fire Patrol and connection of same with the Fire Department. )larch 22 1 1886, an act empowering commissioners to change date of annual elections was passed. February 21, 1888, an act providing for appointment of a board of health to compel owners to pave sidewalks, remove snow, etc., etc., to license hacks, peddlers, etc., and to establish a police force was approved. May 71 1889, an act was passed giving commissioners power to make contracts for lighting streets for a term of years. Various ordinances have been adopted by the commission, of which limited space prevents a record. Pursuant to the act of incorporation, the first meeting of the commission was held on the evening of the date that act was approved, April 1, 18681 at the office of ,v. S. Banta, all the commissioners being present. John Huyler was elected President and Treasurer and ,v. S. Banta, Secretary. The commission was at once divided into three classes, as provided in the act of incorporation, as follows: First class to serve sixty days, John Huyler and Peter L. Conklin, Second class to serve one year, Frederick Jacobson and Peter A. H. Voorhis. Third class to serve two years, W. S. Banta and David A. Bogert. A committee was appointed to provide for lighting the streets from depot to depot, viz: Essex street to :Main, Main street from Essex to Passaic street and Passaic street from :Main street to the depot, then on Passaic street. Also Main street to Anderson street and Hudson street as far down as Rev. Mr. De Baun's church (The True Dutch Reformed church), also that six lights be provided on State street at corners leading to Main street. At its second meeting, April 7, 1868, ,villiam Williams was ordered to make a profile map of all streets of the town, and on May 5, John J. Ward was appointed superintendent of streets, sidewalks and public green, and at the next meeting his salary was fixed at $.2.00 per day, for such days as he was actually at work. On June 1, , 868, John Huyler and Peter L. Conklin were re-elected for three years and John Huyler re-"lected President and Treasurer and ,v. S. Banta, Secretary. June 8, 1868, it was decided to raise $6 1 000 for commission purposes for the year. On June 1 1 18691 F. Jacobson and P. A. H. Voorhis were succeeded by Charles H. Voorhis and Robert W. Goslee, and just here a deadlock was brought about, into the details of which we cannot enter. This deadlock lasted until May 24 1 18701 and during that interim "the town ran itself." On the date named, :Messrs. Bogert, Conklin, Voorhis and Goslee met, David A. Bogert presiding, and an 68 TIIH /1/STONr OF 1/ACl{h'.YS:ICA·. .Y. /. ordinance was adopted prodding for the annual election on June 1, for l wo commissioners lo succeed D. A. Bogert and \V. S. Banta, which election resulted in the choice of A. S. Burdett and Luias A. Y oorhis to succeed the retiring commissioners. On June 6, 1870, Charles H. Yoorhis was chosen President and Treasurer and Luias A. Voorhis Secretary, John Huyler hadng died and the remaining five commissioners being present. The Legislature changed the number of commissioners from six to five the following April and a successor to John H uylcr was never chosen. The commission records ha,·e been carefully examined and the successive elections noted, hut want of space will prevent more than the general sttmmary of the terms of otlke found at the close of this sketch. On Fehrnary 23, 1892, a special election was provided for, hy commission ordinance, to decide whether the commission should issue $35,000 in bonds to secure funds for street improvement, at ------1 I i I I State Street, South from Camden Street. which time the vote was overwhelmingly in favor of the issuance of such bonds, and the street improvement was begun that season. ~Ir. Eckerson was re-elected in 1895 and the appropriations were increa:,;ed lo S20,ooo for general purposes, Fire, $3,500; new Steamer, $3,000: .iclditional for uptown fire house, $1,500: for Hackensack Library, $500; a total of $28,500, and the same otlicers were ag-ain elected. In 1896, ~Ir. Clarendon was re-clcctecl ancl :\Ir. Conklin was succeeded by :\[r. "'· E. Taylor. The appropriations were $16 1 000 for general purposes; $2,500 for police; $500 for the Library; $6,500 for street lights and $4,400 was voted for fire purposes; a total of $29,900, On Fcbrnary 16, 1897, an ordinance was adopted, as provided by legislative enactment, dividing the town into five wards as shown on the ward map. '!'he terms of commissioners nrocle and Shafer expired in 1897 and Frederick P. Van \Vettering was elected to represent the first ward and Herman Krone, Jr., was elected t,> represent the fifth ward. 'l'he appropriations voted were: General purposes, $16,000; Lighting streets, $7,000; Police, $2,600; Fire purposes, $3,500: Fairmount Fire House, $1,500; Hackensack Library, $500; Poor fund, $400; 'l'ota], $31, soo. President, 11. E. Clarendon; Secretary. H. Krone, Jr., and Treasurer, C. E. Eckerson. Mr. Eckerson was succeeded in 1898 in the third ward hy Jacob Bauer and the fo1lowing appro priations were voted: General purposes, $10,000; Fire, $3,000; Street lights, $7,.500; Police, $2,400: TIIH /1/STORr OF 1/ACKEXSACK, .Y. j. 69 Sewer repairs, 82.000; Board of Health, $600; Township purposes, $600; Poor fund, 3-ioo; Hacken sack Libr.iry, $500; II ackcns:1ck Hospital. $308; total, $27,300. The officers at present arc: ~I. E. Clarendon, President; \V. E. Taylor, Secretary; II. Krone, Jr., Treas11rcr. A recapitulation of the records shows that in round 1111mhcrs F. Jacobson !-iervcd , 2 years; \V. P. Ellery, 10 years; M. E. Clarendon, 9 years; Edwin Ackerman, 9 years; :'llain Street, Lookinl{ :Xnrtl(from }'assail' Street. to our citizens generally. It has been kept free fr0111 partisan discord, and the men who have sen·ed the town in this capacity ha,·c almost without exception left a creditable record. The work performed by the commission in the more recent years in the betterment of our sttcets, sidewalks, sewers and the opening of new streets has clone much to improve and make the town attracth·e to all its citizens, and to those who have come here seeking places for permanent residence. STREETS AXD SlDE\\" A LKS; L\ WX!-s AND l'.\RKS, Some of the streets of the town follow the lines of the old thoroughfares that for several genera tions have been the well trodden pathways and highways of our forefathers; and other streets have been conformed, not a little, to the irregularities of the river's channel. In the more recent additions to the town, opp~rtunity has been allowed the proprietors ancl surveyors to brin6 things together at right angles, and to construct long and straight streets. The result of all these efforts is seen in the various points of view afforded, and in the many pleasing surprises enjoyed by pedestrians, as they 70 T/JB II/STORY OF JIACJ..:l:.'.\'SACK, N. J. turn from one street to another, and catch glimpses of over-arching elms and maples, and here ancl there a trace of the rin~r·s sheen, or of the blue of distant summits. C pon all sides may he seen the residences of our citizens, each 1:ousc we11 shaded with shrubbery and trees and frequently adorned by the foliage of climbing dnes. As the result of an effort, begun several years ago by prog-ressh·e citizens, the town has now mile upon mile of thoroughly macadamized roadways. In this good work the Town Commissioners have been aided by the County Freeholders, so that all the roads entering Hackensack arc in excellent condition. Thus the owners of horses and bicycles are privileged to enjoy speeding over good roads in all directions in and out of town. Blue stone sidewalks, a,·eraging four feet in width, and blucstone curbing, and well cleaned gutters, add to the attractiveness of all our streets. 'rhe Commissioners have ever exercised a watchful care in the matter of the cleanliness of our streets; and Superintendent Carlock may be seen at all hours and seasons, overlooking the force engaged in repairing and cleaning our thoroughfares. For the conveyance of all ashes :md refuse from the town, the Commission has provided modern iron canvas covered cartf:, in charge of their own selected drivers and hclpers, thus further assuring the most healthful sanitary conditions within the bounds of its jurisdiction. On both sides of nearly all of our streets may be seen the welI grown elms and maples, some, planted a generation ago, haYing attairwJ to lc 1.rge size in trunk and branches, and to a very broad ex- ,, ...... , ,-;.,._ ':':' :' .,,.. : ...... , Summit A\'enue, Looking Xorth from Central ,\\'cnue.-The Heights. pause of foliage. All of these trees combine to form arches of green foliage across our streets, and to protect them and our residences from the fierce glare oL the summer sun. The consequent cooling of the atmosphere, beneath the long and compact lines of sheltering branches, is greatly appreciated and thoroughly enjoyed, not alone by those whose homes arc here, but also by those who seek here a summer resting place from the noise and heat of New York City. About the great major!tr of our residences may be noted the velvety lawns, closely cut, well kept, and green, and offering refreshing bits of verdure and of bloom to every eye not blind to the beautiful in nature, and in artistic effects. Some of these lawns are quite extensive and offer opportunity for skill in landscape gardening. Ex-Commissioner C. E. Eckerson's Glen Court and E. E. Poor's residence and grounds, on 'l'erracc avenue, and Captain John J. Phelp's "Red Towers,'' afford fine illustrations of what can he accomplished in that direction by the proper application of time and money. There are two principal parks-one "down town," the first and oldest, known as "The Green;'' the other, "up town," and designated "Anderson Park." The Green has a beautiful fountain in the center of the plott and is surrounded by ancient trees whose broad branches sway far out over the grass beneath. It is properly enclosed, but can be used on public occasions, or otherwise as the Commission may determiue. To the southeast of this park may be seen the County Buildings. JACOB BAUER. Commissioner of the 3d Ward, Hackensack, N. J. 1'flh' lllS1'0Rl' OF llAKCBNSACK, A. J. 71 Anderson Park is also full of great trees, suitably enc-losed, surrounded by residences, and is on<.. of the beautiful spots that attract all visitors to the town. In a little park, facing· this park, is the handsome colonial cottage of :\Ir. F. \V. Pangborn, editor of Godey's Ladies' Magazine. Altogether, in the respects named, Hack ensack offcrsdelightful drives and walks and dews, to those who seek admission to its hospitable homes, and acquaintance with its courteous citizens, who delight to pilot the transient Yisitor, or I' the summer guest, ii amid its cm bowered residences, and along its shaded ,wem1es, and l within its cool retreats. !. Tm: TERIICXE IIO~a: ~TEAD. l. - .. ·--0-<_= -:.-,~~- ...... i -- . e•- .... ~ --~-----Lf..:..___ _:_ ~-.- _ ,"..!J... A \I ; . :. : 0C · at -- " -•- 'l' h e 'l' e r h u n c Homestead on River Essl x ~trcct, Looking \\"est toward ~- J. & X. \". R. R. street was erected by John Terhune, who came fr,Jm Dordrecht, Holland, about the year 1646, in the Bark Hope, and settled near the present site of the old homes\:eacl, which he built soon after his arrival here. 'l'his is one of a very few old houses that have remained in the same family from the beginning. · It is at present owned by ~Iiss Cornelia Hopper Terhune and occupied by herself and her mother, Mrs. Elizabeth J. 'ferhune, widow of Alfred H. Terhune. Miss Terhune, the present owner, is also connected with the Hopper family of Polifly, who oc cupy another o]d place. The 'l'cr hune Homestead was an old p]ace at the time of the Revolutionary war, and doubtless shared in the exciting e,·ents of that period, though there is no special incident in its history known to its present occupants. THE HACKENSACK WATER CO)ll'ANY, The Hackensack \Vater Com• pany was incorporated :March ·1 2 1 1869, by Richard R. Hawkey, John H. Banta, Garrett Ackerson, Jr., View oil t·ppcr ~lain Street. Eben \Vinton and Samuel Sneeden, and though owned and operated by Hackensack capital, it was never, as erroneously supposed by many people, owned or operated by the town or its commissioners, but has always been a private stock company. 'fhc company became involved financially, and on March 1 1 1879, Hon. Augustus A. Hardenburgh, of Jersey City, N. J., was appointed Receiver. Tl/h' l/lSTnRr OF 11.ICI It was reorganized under ib present name, "The Hackensack \Vater Company Reorganized," on September 4, 1SS0. 'l'his company owns all the water rights on the llackcnsack River abo,·e tide water at New ~lilford, where it has an cxtcnsin· reservoir and high scn·ice pumping station. A 11ew battery of boilers was recently added, and a new high service pump is under consider.~ttion. 'l'he company hm·e about two hundred miles of large force mains, and h~i\ c in u~c, at the present time, one high service pump with a daily capacity of ten million gallons; one of five millinu gallons and three of three million gallons each. They have t,,·o immense rcscn·o:rs at \fe~lrnwken Heights, one of eighteen million gallons and one of forty-tin~ million gallons. This company supplies Hoboken, North Hudson County and all Bergen County, where water is used. '!'hey ha,·e just completed a new 30-inch force main from the works at Xew ~Iilford to Ridgefield, which will 111timately be carriL'd to \\'cehawken Heights. 'I'hc present average daily consumption of water from this vast sys:em is eight million gallons. 'l'his company has the most complete metered system in the co1mtry. The nyer having its source in Rockland Lake, a large body (If p11rest mountain spring water, and flowing through an exceptionally clear section of Rockland and Bergen co11nties, thus furnisht.•s this great system with the purest possible supply of water. The present oflicers are Robert \V. De Forest, President; ~lylcs 'l'ierney, \·ice President; Edwin A. Stevens, 1'reas.urer; William Shippen, Assistant Treasurer and Secretary; \V. F. \Vhittenmur, Chief Engineer; D. \V. French, neneral Superintendent at \Vcehawken high service tower; \VilJiam Smith is engineer in charge at \Vcchawkcn and James A. Fellenbaum engineer in charge at Englewood; Henry Quartly is collector at Hackensack: E. ~r. Fuchs at Englewood; and Charles F. Johnson at Rutherford. The management of the company has been in every way satisfactory to its eyer increasing list of consumers, and to the towns an curves in its shore lines; by broad and beautiful bays and by c1ustered islands. Here and there, its ~hores arc bold, and jutting down to the water's edge, are reflected in the calm surface of the stream. At other points there are long stretches of meadow, and of woodland through which the river winds its way. Over its waters glide, in the long summer days and evenings, row-boats and sail-boats, and naphtha or steam launches, hearing fishermen intent on securing their daily supplies from the finny tribes beneath; or merry parties going picnicing to some fa\'orite nooks along the shore, or gentlemen giving their friends from the city "an outing" upon the placid stream. 'l'he ocean tides push their way from the river's mouth, up to and beyond our bridges and docks, ensuring a daily rise and fa11 of five feet or more. 'l'he river is navigable for some distance beyond our town, and whistling tugs call for opened bridges, as they convey barges of coal, lumber, crushed stone and other merchandise to our docks and yards; while now and then the masts of a sailing vessel rise abovt: the storehouses beside which, for a time, ti ,·y arc moored. 1'hus the river is one of the highways for commerce, and has been so, from the first .,l!ttlements made here upon its shores. Above the dam of the Water Company the river recci \'CS constant supp lies from the overflow of Rock land Lake; we are, there fore, provided with a bounti ful supply of pure cold water, that is constantly appreciated and enjoyed by our citizens. 'fo that un usually excellent supply of water for domestic uses, may be attributed nH'clt of the healthfulness that is en chancing the reputation of the town as a place for pcr manenl residence. For pleasure in summer, when the fleecy clouds are mirrored in the waters be low, or for sport in winter, when the skaters skim o,·er the frozen surface, or for Till' Old Brinkerhoff Homestead on Essex Street. profit, when the fisherman and the sailors utilize the stream and its tides, the river is highly appreciated; and it adds greatly to the beauty and attractiveness of the town, and to the enjoyment of its citizens. I>RAIN,\GE, NATURAL ANll ARTIFICIAL, The natural slope of. the land, from the heights that skirt our western border, to the river on our eastern boundary, secures a satisfactory flow of all surface water to its larger and natural channel of egress to the ocean. Thus nature has provided the first prerequisite to successful drainage. 'l'his has been supplemented by the construction of a system of sewerage, begun several years ago, and now being carried forward to a successful conclusion under the competent management of Engineer L. Lozier. · The system !ncludes three large trunk outlets, with their supplemental branches, that com'ey their contents to proper points along the river bank. The daily rising and falling of the tides, flowing from the ocean up to and beyond our town ?imits, serves to flush these great outlets for a considerable distance from their points of entrance at the river. , ,. THE Jl/S1'0RI' OF ll.·lCKEX.'-..'ACK, N. .f. The main Jines arc located as follows: First, fr0111 the river through Anderson street to the N. J. and N. Y. R. R., with a large brick arm through LTnion street to Passaic street, and thence westward to the Heights. A new brick lateral costing about $75,000 is now in process of construction, northward and westward, through :\fain street ancl Elm avenue, to and through the Fair- mount section of the town. Second, through Bridge and Bergen streets to State street, with large laterals north through :\lain to Pas8aic street; through State street to Clay street and south and west through State and Sussex streets to the N. J. and N. Y, R. R. Third, one con structed last year at a cost of $50,000 through the bed of the old Hacken• sack creek and Clinton and enion streets to Essex street. \Vhcn, in course of time, these shall have been supplemented by a fourth outlet through Gamewell and ::\fcrccr streets, from First street to the river, the outlet system will h:nTc ,~ /""'.""" ·1·, '.-'"''~"" ', .. been completecl. " 7ith the present ------. . outlets, nearly all the im1,ortant The Doremus llvuse. streets of the town are aL· :ady con nected by suitable service branches. Thus we have the second prerequisite for satisfactory drainage. And the exemption we enjoy from many virulent and contagious diseases is due, Yery largely, to the proper sanitary conditions that arc the resultant of such a combination of natural and arti- ficial drainage. That Hackensack has unusual adYantages in the respects jn~t named cannot he doubted; and the general health fulness of the town is, without question, one of the benefits derived from the establishment and maintenance of such a system of sewerage as that herein described. THE HOAR!> OF IIEALTII. 'l'he Bo.'.lrd of Health is at present composed of Charles Conklin, President, Albert E. Conklin, Secretary, E. S. Emmons, Treasurer, R. G. \Vool, Lemuel Lozier, \V. P. Amerman and G. A. De Loynes, Robert Ballagh, Inspector. It meets the third Tuesday in each month at the commission rooms and gives con stant attention to the maintenance of proper sanitary conditions throughout the town. TIil: l'OLICE FORCE. The Police Force provided by the commission is fitted out with regulation uniforms and is in every way creditable to the town for which they provide all needed protection under the very efficient direction of Chief of Police, Cornelius E. Van Blarcom. FIRE J>EPARTJ\!E:-.T, Bergen Hook and I,adder Co.'s House. '!'he Hackensack Fire Department as originally organized by the Improvement Commission in June, 1871, consisted of the following companies: Bergen Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1; Relief Hook and Ladder Company, No. 2; Protection Engine Company, No. 1 and Vigilant Engine Company (since disbanded); Liberty Hose Company (now Liberty Steamer Company) was added in September, 1882; The Fire Patrol in 1876; Alert Hose Company, No. 2, in JOH~ DUNT.OP. TllB lll8TOR1' OF llACl{fi.VSACJ{, S. J. ~larch, 18'..>3; Hudson Hose Company, No. 3 1 in June, 1890, and rnion Hose Company, No. 4, m }lay, 1895. The complete organization to elate numbers two engines, two hook and ladders, one patrol and four hose companies, all at present under the direction of \Villiam Oetting, Chief Engineer and John H. ~f orton and H. S. Demarest, Assistant Chief En- gineer~. Seyen years' active ser\'icc entitles a member to an exempt certificate and privilege of membership in the exempt firemen's association. 'rhe department is equipped with a tire alarm telegraph system, consisting of alarm hell and twenty-three call boxes, under the supervision of the well-known electrician, ~Ir. George 'l'. Davison. The ,·alue of realty and equipment of the depart ment is about $30,000. The first chief engineer was John J. ,v ard, who has been fo11owed successiyely in that office by B. K. Cle,·cland; George Ricords: Abram B. Banta; George Ha!stead; James Conklin; :Ur.,v. HL'ath; Jacob H. Fank; John Van Buskirk; StateStreetFireHouse. Irving ,valtermire and '\Villiam Oetting. The Board of Fire Officers consists of the Foreman, Assistant Foreman and the Secretary of all the yarious companies and is presided oycr by the Chief Engineer. The taxpayers are justly proud of our Fire Department, which ranks second to none amo·1g the volunteer departments of the State, and provides protection of the most efficient nature against loss by fire. 'rhe present membership of the \'arious companies are: Liberty Steamer Company, No. 1, 21 members; Protection Engine Company, No. 1, 27 members; Bergen Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, 27 members; Relief Hook and Ladder Company, No. 2, 28 members; Alert Hose Compani, No. 2, I7 members; Hudson Hose Company, No. 3, 21 members; Union Hose Company, No. 4, 12 members; Fire Patrol Company, 16 mem- bers, total, 169 members. 'l'he Exempt Firemen's A~ sociation was organized Febru ary 19, 1890. The purposes of the association arc social and beneficial in character, and although exempt, very many of its members arc still actiYe in the department. 'l'he associa tion is in a most flourishing and prosperous condition, and at present consists of 100 members. The present officers are: Jacob L. Van Buskirk, President; Jacob H. Fank, \ .. ice-President; Andrew Dederick ' Secretan·. ·' Irving '\Vattermire, Treasurer. Trustees arc Henry Rinker, James Conklin and \Villiam l'hc Patrol and 'fhe Alert Companies' House, Union Hose Company. Commission Room~ trpstairs. Oetting, The Hackensack Firemen's Insurance Association was organized February 13, 1885, and has a present membership of 168, 'fhe object is the insurance of its members against death, the benefits being $1.00 from each suryiving member of the association. Only members of the local Fire iii 1'/lH /IJSTONJ' OF IIACKJ:,'.\'SACJ.:, .Y. J. Department arc clig-ible to membership. The oflkcrs arc: John Van Buskirk, President, \Villiam Oetting, Vicc-President1 Jacob H. Fank, Secretary, J acoh L. Van L .. Jkirk, Treasurer. 'l'hc executive committee consists of James Conklin, \Villiam ll. Homsin, Anton Hoffman, John H. l\Iorton, Benjamin P. Parker, Edward )litzger, Frank Henderson, Robert Ballagh. 'l'he Firemen's Relief Association is formed by a certain number of representatives and trustees from each company. 'l'hey draw a fund of 2 per cent. from Insurnnce Companies doing business Clinton Place l~xtension, Hackensack Realt)' Co. here, whose home office is located outside of thi$ state. This fund gives to the state association and a pro-rata share of it is returned to the local association. This is invested in first-class bond and mortgage security for the benefit of members who are injured while on duty. They have nt this time nearly $7,000 so invested. The officer.,; arc: 'l'homas H. Cumming, President, ,vmiam Oetting, Vice Prc~ident, Andrew Dederick, Secretary. John ·van Buskirk, 'rrcasurcr and Collector. \Vll,LIAM Wlf,l,IA.MS. (Deceased,) CHAPTER XIX. TRANSPORTATION-PAST AND PRESENT-AND OTHER :MATTERS. 'I RANSPORTATION FACII.ITIE~.-THE HACKENSACK POST OFFICE.-THE IIACKE~SACK GAS AND ELECTRIC CO~IJ>ANY,-TIIE HACKENSACK BANK,-THE HACKENSACK ASSOCL\TION.- TIIE HACKENSACK REAl.'lT CO.:\IPAN\',-l'UIILIC IIUJLDINl:S. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. OR nearly two centuries after the arrival of the first white inhabitant in the town, the only means F of transportation to and from the place was by private vehicle, and later by the old stage line, which for man) years ran its mail coaches through town, between New York City and New- burgh, N. Y. Hackensack was the first exchange station, for change of horses. 'l'hen came the daily stage, run for half a century or more, by the late Richard Doremus, and his father before him (prior to the year 1860), between here and the Hoboken ferry via the Bergen turn- pike. Then the commuter had no choice. He must catch the stage or walk, and when, as often happened, the crowd was larger than usual, the latter was much the more comfortable means of transit, though not quite so rapid. About the year 1860 the Hackensack and New York Railroad was con st rttcted, ancl soon after be gan its trips between Essex street and Eric J unc tion, a mile below Carlstadt, where the coaches were attached to and received from the Erie trains. Hackensack then began to break away from the .. ;;., old exclusive conditions of the past. But in order .. '\~1 ,.. , . ~ ~ to be sure that the extravagance of railway travel should not be indulged in by our neighbors to the ~lain Street Station, S. & W. R, R. northward, the Ji;ssex street station, which was also the general headquarters of the road, was erected oyer and across the north encl of the track, so making proclamation to this invader of the quiet hitherto enjoyed: 11 Thus far shalt thou come and no farther." But this little obstacle to the progress of improvement was soon and easily disposed of by building a switch around the old depot, and the next year saw the road extended to Passaic street, where a dilapidated old passenger coach, despoiled of its running gear, served as a depot. A11 trains backed up from Essex street and started from the Passaic street terminal. Later the property owners donated the land, and built the present Anderson street station, and that was made the northerly terminal, Early in 1870, the line having passed into the hands of the Erie Railroad under a lease, the Hack ensack Extension Railroad was constructed from the northern terminal to Hillsdale and in the same year leased to and opened by the Erie company. The road was known as the Hackensack branch of the Erie system, .until the fall of 18741 when, the lease having expired, the stockholders re-organized under the name of the New Jersey and New York Railroad. Better equipment in rolling stock and roadbed was at once provided and the road extended successively to Nanuet, New City, Spring VAlley and Haverstraw, Rockland County, N. Y. i8 TIIB 11/STORl' OF ll.11CKBNS.·1L'K, N. ]. In the year 1896 the Erie management once more gained control of the 1ine by purchase of a con troling share of its stock, and it is now operated as a part of that system. In the year 187c the New J cri,:ey ::\Iidland Railroad began the construction of its Jine, now known as the New York, Susquehanna and \Vcstcrn, and early in 1872 lcased it to the New York and Oswego ::\tidland Railway Company, and it was opened to traffic between Jersey City and N cw found land in June of that year, and later extended to Middletown and Oswego, N. Y. After the various failures and changes incident to all new railroad ventures, this line passed through the hands of various organ izations and re-organizations, and finally emerged bearing its present titles. The " 7ilkcsbarre and Eastern Railroad Company, that nlso owned a valuable coal mining system, was leased and added to the line, and it then became one of the great coal carrying roads of the country. Some five years ago a tunnel was constructed thrv11gh the Palisades-at Edgewater and the coal terminal was changed to that point. 'l'hns having become of importance as a coal road, the Erie managers resolved, lately, to acquire control of the line by the same method of procedure that had given them the New Jersey and New York, and the Northern R. R. of N. J., and thus it also became a link in tl1e Erie sp,tem. There arc now running on the two roads passing through town, se,·enty-eight trains daily to and from Hackensack, which are patronized regularly by about 800 commuters, and a good sized army of local and trnnsient travelers, and the time has been .. ----·· ~~ .- ...... -•-~ .. .,, .. , .,- reduced to thirty minutes between Hackensack and New York. Effort has been made for several past years, to introduce the trolley into the town, but thus far it has not been successful. The Bergen County Traction Company have now, however, secured a right of way to construct a road through Leonia, Teaneck and Bogota to the river near the Court street bridge, whicl1 will give us easy connection with the \Vest Shore R. R. at Bogota. 'fhis line, it is announced, wilJ be constructed and opened this year, and it is believed that it wi11 be extended to and through this town in the fo11owing year. Central Avenue Station, N. J. & N. Y. R.R.. ,vithout doubt this means of transit wil1, in the near future, connect the county scat with all parts of Bergen County, a consummation that is most earnestly desired by the large majority of our citizens. Tilt: HACKENS,\CK l'OST OFFICE. Up to July 1, 1890, Hackensack was a third class post office. Then in the month above named, through the earnest efforts of Capt. John Engle, now Major Engle, in service with the Second Regi ment New Jersey Volunteers, who was at that time postmaster, it was made a free delivery second class office. Thereafter and until the end of the official term of Postmaster Engle in 1892, he had three carriers employed. During the term of ~lr. ,v. 0. Labagh, who succeeded Major Engle, two more carriers were added, which increased the number to five. ,vhen our present energetic and efficient Postmaster, :\fr, Jacob H. Fank, was appointed on l\fay 14, 1896, he found the service still inadequate to the needs of the town, and at his solicitation the department added one more carrier, making six in aJl. This gave the outskirts two deliveries daily, which were greatly appreciated by residents of those sections, some portions of which had not hitherto been included in the limits at all. The daity deliveries in the central sections of the town, were at the same time increased from two to three and the collections to five. It is not possible to go very far back into the history of the office and trace the growth of its importance, or the increased volume of the business handled. THE JI/STORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 70 A few facts from recent history must suffice. In 1892 the first morning mail for New York City was about 9 o'clock, now it is 7.25 A.:\I.; then the town had but twelve mails daily in and out; now it has thirty-six daily, and one Sunday mail, out, at 6 P. :\I. 'rhis office now distributes mail direct to all stations in New York City, and also to all points on different railroad lines, thereby saving much time in transfer at the general office in New York. 1'hc money order business has increased very largely in recent years, and the registry business has become an item of importance in the office receipts. The gross receipts have increased from $16,000 in 1892 to $24,000 last year, and the present outlook indicates that the force now employed, consisting of postmaster, two dcrk3, six carriers and one substitute carrier, will soon have to be enlarged in order to handle the rapidly increasing business. The present quarters of the office, No. 170 Main street, have long been too small for the purpose, and the post office department has arranged to transfer the office to more commodious quarters, in Odd Fellows' Ha11, the change, at this writing, is expected abo11t July I of the present year. This cannot, however, be considered more than a temporary makeshift, the rapidly increasing population of the town, which is destined to be proportionately greater from year to year in the future, will soon call for still better and larger quarters. It is hoped and beJieved, that in the near future, the Government will erect a post office building, such ,LS the importance of the town demands. In such an edifice the post office and the telephone exchange and telegraph office, which, by the way, should soon be made a night office, and the express offices of the city, should all be 10cated. General View of Plant. Jlacke1,sack Gas and mectric Co. THE HACKENSACK GAS AND ELEC'l'RIC COMPANY. Hackensack's first lighting plant was the Hackensack Gas Light Company, which was incorpor ated under a special act of the Legislature and the first meeting of the stockholders, for organization, was he]d on July 15, 1867. It is most inte_resting to look back over its early history, with gas at five dollars a thousand feet, and with long deliberations over the laying of a few hundred feet of pipe; only siderable part of the income was deri\'ed from street lamps, for which the town at first paid $37. 50 a year for each Jight, .and these were only lighted wl1en the moon was not scheduled to be c,n hand. '!'hen came the demand for electric light and the company alJowecl others to put in the plant. In consequence the next few years were a period of unhappiness, earnings fell off heavily, dividends became smalJer and soon stopped entirely, and, worse than aH, it was found that the plant lrnd become old and behind the times, and that its days vf usefulness were numbered. The new electric company in the mean time had discovered that the field was small and that no adequate return for the outlay was ~o be obtained. They were also unfortunate in having their gener ating plant clestroyecl by fire in November, 1894- Early in r 892 a change in the control of the gas company took place, and to the incomers it was soon e,,ident that to successfully cope with the existing conditions and bring the business back to a proper earning basis, practically a new plant must be built, modern methods introduced and, finany, the electric plant must be bought. 'J'hese plans were carried out graclua1ly during the next three years, and in 1\lay, 1895, the present company took o,·cr the entire business of both old companies. Its motto being, that the more busi ness clone the cheaper and the better can the service be. At the time of the consolidation the gas com pany was supplying two places, and the electric company three; the present company is now sup plying six places with gas, and nine with electricity. 'l'o-day Hackensack and the outlying country for miles around arc provided with an electric service which compares most favorably with that of much larger towns. 'I'he gas system, nf course, does not cover so much territory, but the service is of the best. 'I'hc prices charged are lower than in many places of larger population, with similar local conditions and the company shows a disposi tion to reduce its rates as fast as the growth of the business will warrant. 'I'he company has been an important factor in developing this section, particularly in the last few years. It is always ready to extend into new hy Part uf Boiler Room, llackensKck Gas aml J<:lectrir. Cu. localities, and ftfrnishing one of the most necessary of modern improvements, help open up new Janel f,,r home seekers. Through its force of cmployes it has been the means of distributing many thousands of dolJars among the stores of the town. The company is a firm believer in the future usefulness of gas and electricity for other purposes than light, and has done much to prove what can be clone with both. That they have succecclecl in at least one respect, is shown by the fact that during the past summer over five hundred families in town used gas for cooking. Finally the company is exclusively a home company, without a single stockholder who in some way is not interested in the welfare of our town. 'I'he development of both the gas and electric branches has in the past few years been very rapid. The desire of the management being to supply every demand for an purposes an Bogota side. There is a six-inch gas main crossing the river at this point, as well as an electric cable and an oil pipe. This situation is particularly fortunate from the fact that it isolates the plant, and effectually prevents it from being in any way an annoyance to the residents of the town. In the gas department a long step forward has been taken from the old-fashioned coal benches, a storage tank of small capacity, and a very few miles of main; to the latest improved gas generating apparatus with a capacity of over a quarter of a million cubic feet per day, storage capacity of 75,000 cubic feet, and over thirty miles of mains, with all the necessary incidentals for keeping the service up to the standard of the times. In the electric department fully as great ad vances have been made. ,vhen the old electric company came under local control, the total capacity of the plant was 1,750 lights, with boilers, engines and apparatus generally, inadequate and housed in the poorest kind of a wooden building. The pole line as well was in miserable condition. A new plant was immediately built, having a total capacity of 4,000 lights, and located at the gas 8o:>o Light Dynamo. Hackensack Gas and Electric Co. works. Now, in 1898, it has been necessary to make a further change, and the present plant has ~ total capacity of 12,000 lights. The appai:atus being of the very latest design, and arranged so that, as far as the generating part is concerned, the possibility of a failure to supply light at all times is reduced to a minimum. Perhaps the principal feature is. a generator with a capacity for supplying current for 7,000 lights, connected directly to the shaft 0f a vertical compound engine of 800 hor5e power. Again the switchboard, by which all of this energy is con trolled, is a model of recent electrical advance. It is forty feet long and seven feet high, is made of marble and arranged with every detail for convenience and safety. The distributing system has been gradually rebuilt and added to, until to day there are over fifty miles of pole line, with about 300 miles of wire. The company occupy large and pleasant offices in the center of the town at No. 185 l\~ain street, that are handsomely fitted up for tlfe trans action of business, and the convenience of their patrons. The energetic and liberal policy adopted has justified these improvements, and the steadily l-:louthern End of Switchboard. Hackensack Gas and Electric co. · increasing bus mess shows that the efforts of the 82 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. company are appreciated, and that the benefits to the community and added value to property! of a good and efficient gas and electric service, are fully realized. Directors: 0/licers: GEOR<:E \V. CONKLIN, \V)t. ~I. JottNSON, President, FRANK B. PooR; FRANK B. PooR, LE'.\IUEL LoztER, Vice.President, E. A. PEARCE; E. A. PEARCE, DAYID S-r. Jottx, Secretary, LDWEL LozIER: JACOU BAUER. Treasurer, \V)1. C. THO'.\IAS. The company is now supplying gas in Hackensack, Fairmount, Maywood, Hasbrouck Heights, Bogota and Riclgefie]d Park: and is supplying electricity in Hackensack, Fairmount, :\Iaywood, Arcola, Ridgefield Park, Teaneck, Leonif!., Nord hoff and to the Englewood Electric I-ight Company. The list of officers em braces the names of some of our most highly esteemed citizens. And their official relation to this company is, in itself, a pledge that the most approved appliances will be adopted, to secure for the town the best possible generating plants and supply service. Every thing essential to the best equipment, both in men and methods, this company has already pro vided, and· its aggressive management may be depended upon to keep abreast of, and even ahead of, all the demands that the future growth of the town may make upon them. THE HACKENSACK BANK, 'l'his bank was incorporated in the State banking system July 18 1 1889, by the following named gentlemen: Samuel Taylor, Dr. David St.John, M. E. Clarendon, Nicl10las :\Iehrhof, Sr., Edwin Ackerman, F. A. Anthony, C. J. Cadmus, \Villiarn M. Johnson, H,enry S. Little, David A. Pe11, Henry Van Buskirk, D a,. i cl The Pearce Hullding.-Office of Hackensack Gas and Electric Co Terhune, James A. Romeyn, C. E. Eckerson, Fre,1. D, Linn; \Villiam \Vatter Phelps, Albert V. :\foore, James \V. Gil1ies and Howard D. Terhune. Of these, the first eleven named were chose~1 directors, and David A. Pell, president; M. E. Clarendon, vice-president, and H. D. Terhune, cashier, all of whom still retain their respective positions. Owing to death and resignations .Messrs. Van Buskirk, Mehrhof and Acker man have been replaced in the board by Jas. \V. Gillies, John J. Phelps and H. D. Terhune. 'I'he progress of the bank has been steady and rapid. It has added to its capital of $50,000 a surplus of $50,000 and undividecl profits of $25,000, and carries about half a million dolJors in deposits, and in proportion to its capital am~ volume of business, is now one of the strongest ancl wealthiest banks in the State. Hackensack Hank Building. Of the twenty-one State banks in New Jersey, only two are younger, yet this bank has the 1argest.nccumu1ation of earnings, in proportion to its capital, of any,. Wlf.J,I,\~( SJCKEf,S BA:-.TA. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. 83 and is only third in the volume of its depc.sits, although some of the other banks mentioned are located in large cities, and are from seventy.five to eighty years old. Past history was not of a character to encourage those who enlisted in the establishment of this bank. There had been six banks started in town, in earlier years, each of which long since ended its career in disaster. The ,vashington bank flourished for a time, about the year 1828 1 in the present .Mansion House. This was followed by the Bergen County Banking Co., which also succumbed previous to the Civil ,var. Then came the Bank of Bergen County and the First National Bank of Hackensack, with the savings bank attached to each; the disastrous failures of all four of which are matters of such recent history as to be all too familiar to very many of our citizens. Thus out of the ashes of all these failures has risen this new, well managed, popular bank, which is not alone a source of satisfactory investment to its founders, but also an institution of which all our citizens are justly proud, and a public convenience of the very greatest importance in the development of the rapidly growing business interests of the town. The present officers and directors may well be congratulated upon the financial strength and standing acquired by the bank under their management of its affairs. Their watchful scrutiny of all its increasing investments, and their zealous care for the interests of all its customers, assure the largest measure of protection to all its depositors and stockholders. THE HACKENSACK HEIGHTS ASSOCIATION. Several years ago a number of our prominent citizens resolved to do something more than had been hitherto attempted in the improvement of a large tmct of real estate. After securing their Prospect Avenue, Looking South-The Heights. incorporation papers, they purchased ninety acres of land upon what was then known as the old Red Hill. Their purchase proved to be one of the most clesi:-able sections of the town for the erection of residences. They secured the introduction of water and gas, and later of electric lighting, they aided in opening Central avenue and laid out several fine streets, and secured the erection of a railway station house, now known as Prospect Avenue Station. Their foresight and enterprise have been appreciated and rewarded, for some of the finest resi• dences and most pleasing surroundings are now to be found upon '• The Heights. 11 From the porches and windows of the houses erected there, one may have a view for many miles, in all directions, over the charming valley lying on the east and adjoining the range of the Palisades along the Hudson. On the west may be had a magnificent view of the blue summits of the distant hills. The Heights is rapidly becoming the most desirable and attractive place for residenc~s, to be found, as Mr. John Dunlop says, anywhere within a hundred miles of New York City. Mr.. Dunlop and others have proved their faith by their works, in the erection of modern and costly residences upon the Heights. The present officers of the Association are: Dr. D. St. John, presideut; Lemuel Lozier, secretary and \V. M. Johnson, treasurer. A group of beautiful views of the Heights may be found herein, to which our readers are referred. 84 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. THE HACKENSACK Rf.ALTY cmrPANY. The gentlemen who organized this company, in the early spring of 1897, purchased that section of p·:operty extending west from the old termination of CJinton Place to the summit of the hill. They then extended CJinton Place to the top of the hilJ, and graded the street, and laid stone (flag) walks and curbs, and also planted fine maple trees along both sides of the street. They have offered unusual facilities, to purchasers, for the erection of houses, and quite a number of our well•to-do citizens have erected homes upon the sites so secured. Upon one of these pages may be found a view of Clinton Place Extension, looking toward the top of the hill, showing the fine residences of ~lr. :Mayo and ~Ir. Foster on the right, and the resi dence, in process of erection, of ~Ir. ~Iateer on the left. This street will be rapidly built up on both sides, and will pro,·e to be a very ,·aluable addition Hackensack Opera House and Armory. to the residence section of our town. All such enterprises are deserving of hearty support. The officers of the company are: "r· A. Linn, . president; \V. C. Thomas, secretary and L. Lozier, treasurer. Pt:111.IC llUILI>ING!-, Among these buildings may be placed, first of ail, the opera house and armory. 'l'he drill room has alJ the modern improYements in the way of floor space, closets for equipments, officers' quarters, etc., and it has frequently resounded with the tramp, tramp, tramp, of Company G, as it marched here and there, at word of command. The public hall has a seating capacity of about 500; has also a director's room, and has a large and well furnished stage. Company G holds a large block of the stock of the company, owning and controlJing the building. Next are the count)~ buildings, including the Court House, g~·and jury rooms, county jail, sheriff's office and clwelJing apartments, county clerk's, surrog-atc's and county school superintendent's offices. This structure was first erected in 1 799, \.\ \ was practically demolished in 187 3, was later on ' '' rebuilt, and, last of all, remodeled and enlarged • f \ /. . . I: _:' I .' in 1895. 'fhc hope is «:lxpressecl that a new build i., 1. ' • ing commensurate \'.'ith the needs, growth and means of the county may be one of the im provements that the next decade will supply. The railroad stations 011 the New Jersey and N cw York Railroad arc neat and attractive buildings; those on the Susquehanna and "'estern Railroad will doubtless be improved under the Erie management. Views of several of these stations are shown upon these pages. The engine houses are all well built, and adapted to the demands of the fire depart Bergen County Court House. ment, and several are of modern design. The schools and churches are mentioned and ilJustratecl in preceding chapters, to which readers are referred. CHAPTER XX. OUR CITIZEN SOLDIERS. THE HACKENSACK COXTINEXTAL Gl:.-\RD.-C0:\11'.-\NY G, SECOND REGJ:\IENT, N. G. N. _I. JAMES ll, :\ICPHERSON POST, NO. 52, G. A. R. HE Hackensack Continental Guard was organized as a military company in 1855 1 and later was T combined with the Bergen County Rifles. The organization thus formed being known as the Bergen County Batta1io!l. \Ve recently saw a ticket of admission to the second annual ball of the Hackensack Continental Guard, Captain G. G. Ackerson, on Friday eYcning, January 23, 1857, at C. D. 1'aylors, \Vashington ~Iansion House, and on the face of the ticket is named the following committee of arrangements-viz., Capt. G. G. Ackerson, Lieut. \Vil- liam 1-1 uyler, Lieut. John J. Ander- son, David A. Barry, Sergt. G. R. Brinkerhoff, Sergt. J. H. Paulison, N. R. Royce, H.J. Kipp, \\'m. Van Sann, Samuel S. Berry and Henry Banta. It is most remarkable that of this committee of forty-one years ago, all but four of the eleven men named arc still living and residing in Hackensack. At a reunion of the guard some two years ago, there were found to be twenty-eight mem ,...... bers then living. . :\~··: .... ~·~~, ,.,..:~r\.''11'1-','·:~ -' . \Vhen the battalion was formed Co. G at "Sea Girt,•• N. J. the following list of officers was cho:;en: Colonel, G. G. Ackerson, :Major, David A. Barry, Adjutant, John J. Anderson, Quartermaster, R. P. 'rerhune. The battalion was finally disbanded early in 1861, when many of its members enlisted and went to the front in Company A, 'fwenty-secon,l Regiment,New Jersey Volunteers. CO~ll'AX\' G, SECOND REC:DIEXT, N. G. N, J. This company was organized through the instrumentality of ex-Judge Yan Val~n, on October S, 1872. Judge Van Valen was a member of Company A, and ha\'ing removed to this town, at once interested a number of our people in the formation of the company, which was organized as Company 11 C" on the above date with Garret Ackerman, Jr., as captain; James l\1. Van Valen, First Lieuten ant; Nicholas C. Demarest, Second Lieutenant; George 'f. Haring, First Sergeant. The company at once became popular and has always held a very large place in the estimation of our townspeople: Captain Ackerman resigned in March, 1876, and soon after Lieutenant Demarest also resigned. Lieutenant Van Valen was appointed Quartermaster of the battalion, and A. D. Campbell, who had 86 THE HISTORY OF H.4CKENSACK, N. ]. been Quartermaster from the beginning, was elected Captain on March 71 1876. Sergeant John Engel was elected First Lieutenant, and John E. Huyler, Second Lieutenant, May 30. 1876, The company first saw service in the railroad strike in 1877 1 and after an absence of several weeks returned unin jured, and was presented with a purse of $350, raised for them during their absence. This sum was largely increased by the proceeds of a fair held soon after, and the total amount was invested in stock, still held by the company in the Hackensack Hall and Armory Association. Later Lieutenant Huyler resigned, and John G. Fream, a veteran, was elected to succeed him. Company C was first quartered at \Vashington ::\fansion House Hall, next at the National Hotel Hall, and then in the present armory. Captain A. D. Campbell retired January, 1891, with the Brevet rank of Major, and John Engel was then elected Captain. George E. \Veils was promoted from the ranks to Lieutenant in place of Lieu tenant Fream, who removed from town. ~lajor Engel, now at the front with the company, is the onlr member left of the original signers of the roll, nearly twenty-six years ago. Captain Ackerson was appointed Judge Advocate when he retired, and later became J uclge Advocate General of the State. Lieutenant Van Valen resigned June 15, 1876, as Quartermaster of the Second Battalion, and February 26, 1883, was made captain and inspector of rifle practice of the battalion, and on June 8, 1886, was appointed Colonel and Assistant Inspector of rifle prac tice. He was later retired as Brevet Brigadier General. On :May 31, 1883, the first, second and third battalions were merged into the Second Regiment, New Jersey National Guards, and Company "C" then became Company "G" in the new regiment. The present officers are: George E. ,vetls, Cap tain, Garret H. Sturr, First Lieutenant; Edward T. Phillips, Second Lieutenant; Irving R. Pierson, First Sergeant; "ratter Burroughs, Second Sergeant; Edward A. Burdell, Third Sergeant; James A. Russell, Fourth Sergeant; John D. B. \''reeland, Fifth Sergeant. 'l'he company is, at this time, at the front with a full com plement of three officers and 103 men, and in the regi ment with them are :\fajor John Engel, Major Chas. F. Adams, who is Surgeon of the regiment, and Adjutant A. T. Holley. The photograph of the_company, found elsewhere, Soldiers' )lonument. Hackensack Cemetery. exhibits them in full uniform as they appeared in camp at Sea Girt. Since going to the front they have received warm words of commendation from the superior officers of the r~giment and of the anuy corps to which they have been assigned. Roster Company G, Second Reginent, N. J. N. G. Volunteer Infantry, May 14, 1898. CAPTAIN, George E. ,vells. FIRST LIEUTENANT, Garret H. Sturr. SECOND LIEUTENANT, Irving R. Pierson. F1RsT SERGEANT, \Vatter Burroughs. QvART£RMASTER SERIJEA!'l'T, Charles H. Mabie. SERGEANT, Edward A. Burdette, SERGEANT, James H. Russell, '' Addison B. Burroughs, '' Edgar Vreeland. CORPORAL, Fred V. Bates, CORPORAL, \Vard G. Berry, 1 '' James A. Van Valen, ' Harry Fosdick, " George M. Edsatl, " Uncas E. Richter. Mus1c1AN, \Villiam CampbelJ, Mus1c1AN, Garret Robertson. ARTIFICER, \Villiam D. Newman, WAGONER, Paul T. Scoskie. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 87 PRIVATES: Cornelius B. Amos, John P. Anderson, Adolph Aquilano, Henry ,v. Arnold, Edward E. Banta, ,Villiam Todd Bartine, Leon Barkman, Clarence C. Barr, Robert ,v. Berry, Lawrence A. Bertholf, ,vhitney B. Bertholf, Guy Betts, Robert Stewart Brooks, Edgar M. Burr, Frank R. Bennett, ,vmiam L. Campbell, Harry B. Doremus, Beveridge C. Dunlop, ,vallace Earle, Herbert B. Engel, Harry J. Faulkner, E. Rollo Ferguson, Stephen T. Fream, Clarence De \Vitt Gilbert, Joseph Gill, Lester St. Clair Hall, Frank Hanton, Archibald C. Hart, Emerson A. Hedden, \Villiam B. Heward, Charles B. Higbie, James R. Hughes, \Vai1~er Hudson, Clarence Johnson, Herman Jones, Joseph Kinzley, Jr.,Louis V. Kock, Anthony P. Lederer, Harry C. Logan, J0bn S. Lozier, Charles A. Mc\Vay, Charles l\Ieckle, Arthur 'I'. :\Ierritt, Fr,mk ,v. Oswald, George C. Pagewood, James H. Pettigrew, John ~r. Reynolds, Cecil M. Ross, Norman l\1. Rurode, D. Franklyn Smith, Jr., Arthur A. Stagg, Albert S. Stedman, John D. Terhune, Richard A. 'I'erhnne, George Urban, Russell Yan Arsdale, C. Perry \"'an Auken, " 1illiam H. , .. an Name, Jacob \Vashliskie, Ethelbert \Vestervelt, l\lilton ,vestervelt, Chester A. \Vells, Charles P. ,vilting, Edward D. \Villiams, Ernest Zimmerman. JA'.\IES B. '.\ICPHERSOX POST NO. 52, G. A. R. From the very efficient adjutant of this post, L. S. ~Iarsh, Esq., we have received the data, given below, relating to its organization and the present membership. Its roll of officers and members com prises some of our best known citizens, and their heroic deeds upon the field of battle, add lustre to names honored among us. Post 52, Department of New Jersey, Grand Army of the Republic, was mustered in on the even ing of July 1 3, J 881, by :\I ustering Officer Commander Rodrigo. Delegates from Posts 7, 1 7 and 35 were present. Details from the visiting comrades filled the different chairs. Tlw following Yeterans were mustered in as Charter Members: George ~f. Hunter, Jas. H. Russell, John Engel, Simeon \Tan \Vetering, \Vm. H. De,volf, John Spyri, John G. Fream, \Vm. H. Harper, Albert C. Bogert, Conrad Hoffman, 'I'. E. Lonergan, Fredk. Zeeb, \Villiam Brant, Danl. ,v. Demarest, Frank \V. Hover, Joseph Scott, Aaron E. Ackerman, Lewis C. Cotte. Commander Sproul of Post No. 7 of Passaic, at the same meeting installed the following comrades as the first officers of the post: Commander, George :\I. Hunter; Senior Vice-Commander, \Vm. J. Brant; Junior Vice-Commander, Jas. H. Russell; Quartermaster, John Engel; Surgeon, John G. Fream; Chaplain, \Vm. H. Harper; Officer Day, Frank \V. Hover; Officer Guard, Albert C. Bogert, Adjutant, Danl. V{. Demarest; Sergeant ~Iajor, Simeon Van ,vctering; Quartermaster Sergeant, A. E. Ackerman. The officers of the post for 1898 are: Commander, J as. H. Russell; Senior Vice-Commander, ,vmiam P. Amerman; Junior Vice-Commander, ,vm. 0. Labagh; Adjutant, L. S. :\Iarsh; Quarter master, Aaron E. Ackerman; Surgeon, Everadus \Varner; Chaplain, Jasper Westervelt; Officer of the Day, David J. l\lyers; Officer of the Guard, John Engel; Sergeant l\lajor, A. l\lcKinney; Quarter master Sergeant, Alber G. Smith. On the evening of July 29, 1881, the name of James B. McPherson was adopted as the name of Post No. 52, after Maj. Gen. Jas. B. McPherson, who was killed July 22, 1864, in a rebel ambuscade at Atlanta, Ga. ,ve have in our possession his dressing gown and the leather case containing the field order book used by him. They were sent us by his mother in gratitude for having adopted the name of her son. This post, aided by the citizens of Hackensack, erected a fine monument in the Hackensack Cemetery, at a cost of o,•er one thousand dollars. '!'here, too, provision is made for the interment of all Bergen County comrades. The post also makes arrangements each year for the proper observance of '' Memorial Day," by attendance upon divine worship the Sunday preceding, and also by a parade and the appropriate decoration of the graves of our dead heroes, whose bodies rest ttnder the green sward of our sev.eral cemeteries. Officers and members alike cherish a fraternal regard for each and all of the surviving veterans of the Civil ,var, and steadily conserve not alone the memories of the past, but also the fellowships of the present. That the passing years may bring increasing honors to the heroes of '' the sixties," is the earnest wish of all our citizens. CHAPTER XXL THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS.-CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. HENCH AND HAR.-PHYSICIANS AND St'RGEONS.-THE HA<.:KF.NSACK HOSPITAL,-THE OLD LADIES' HmlE. ACKENSACK has always been creditably represented, from the beginning, by men of prond H nence in the legal profession. To go through the Jong list and make even brief mention of each, or even to publish a full list of the names would more than fill the space allotted. " 7e must therefore be content with the mention of a few of the prominent names of the past, among whom we find the following, who have presided o,·er and practiced before our county courts, and resided in Hackensack: John Pinhorne who practiced here as long ago as 1707. His father, \Villiam Pinhorne, having been Judge of the Bergen County Common Picas in 1705 1 n~;ty .1lso have been a resident here. Cortlandt S. Kinner was County Prosecutor here in \,:'. ~' . :- 1775. Col. Nehemiah "'ade was admitted to the "~· l bar in 1784 and was afterwards County Clerk and a .:,if . well-known patriotic citizen, whose mortal remains \. rest in the old cemetery on the green. Robert Campbell, born at Coleraine, County of Antrim, Ireland, in 1746, was a highly esteemed ,... and honorable lawyer, who spent most of his life here, and practiced law from 1790 until his death in 1846. He was well known as an orator during his active live. George Ca•;~edy, who studied with Robert Campbell, had an extensive practice here in 18091 and afterward became a member of Congress. Archibald Campbe]), nephew of the above mentioned Robert Campbell, and a brother of the Robert Campbell so well known among our citizens, and who was prominently identified with the Bergen Turnpike Company, liv~d and practiced here from 'fhe Old Bank Building on the Green. 1809, and was also known as a most devout Christian. Offices of Hon. J. N. Van Valen and Hart & Hart. Abraham 0. Zabriskie was a resident and extcn sh·e practitioner here for a long period, and was Prose:cutor and then Surrogate for some time. He was admitted to practice- in 1828. Richard Paulison was admitted to the Bar in 1838 and ten years later succeeded A. 0. Zabriskie as County Clerk, and in 1868 became Presiding Judge in the Court of Common Pleas. Manning M. Knapp, whose portrait and personal sketch appear elsewhere, was a highly esteemed lawyer here, prior to his elevation to the Supreme Court bench. ,vmiam S. Banta, still a well known and highly respected resident in our town, is also found among the portraits and personal sketches within these pages. Colonel Garret G. Ackerson and his son, Garret Ackerson, Jr., are well and widely known to most of our people. The portrait and personal sketch of the former appear else where, and of the latter it is only necessary to state that he was an able, courteous and successful lawyer, who made a friend of nearly every person with whom he came in contact. Abrahan~ D. Campbell was also a prominent lawyer, who was prosecutor here for twenty-five years and whose portrait and sketch are also published. DAVID S'l'. JOHN, M. D. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 89 \Ve are glad to be able to publish a portrait and sketch of our genial and popular townsman, Judge James M. Van Valen, than whom, we believe, no more honorable and worthy gentleman, lawyer or judge, ever practiced before or presided over courts. Senator William :\1. Johnson is popular not alone in our own town and county, but throughout the State as well. He has already proven himself a legislator of exceptional ability, an able and influential leader, who cares for his constituency, and whose action is always governed by the principles of righteousness. ALram De Baun has risen to an enviah]e place in his profession. Prosecutor Peter ,v. Stagg is worthy of praise for the energy that has given him such a prominent place. Luther A. Campbell, one of the younger men in his profession, is fast gaining distinction, and has already won a most lucrative practice. John R. Ramsey, our popular County Clerk, is a new resident of tO\vn and esteemed by all. \Y. D. Snow is honored by all his professional brethren, and is already well known for his stock of legal lore. James A. Romeyn has forsaken law and entered the field of journalism. Ernest Koester has speedily risen to the first rank among his legal brethren h!ld in the attention of the public. Portraits of the eight last named, as well as of our genial neighbor at Bogota, ex-Judge Bogert, with a sketch of each, are to be found upon these pages. Among the other well known legal lights of the town are Samuel R. Demarest, Jr., :\[ilton Demarest, C. \V. Berdan and R. M. Hart, all of whom have built up solid reputations for worth and effective service. Lmong the promising younger men in the profession are Clarence :\Iabie, ,vard Berry, John S . .:\IacKay, Alex. H. G. Maidment and A. C. Hart. 'l'he legal fraternity have recently organized the Bergen County Bar Association, that will contribute greatly to the development of the Esprit de Corps, as well as to the social and intellectual improvement of its membership. PHYSICI.-\NS AND Sl'.RGEONS, In the medical profession Hackensack has had from a very early period the services of 1pen who stood very high in their calling, although among the first settlers here there was little need of physicians. The hardy Hollanders and Englishmen were not subject to many bodily ills, and in a climate so healthful as this, the services of physicians were not in so frequent demand. In those early days every settlement had some one who could bleed a man, extract teeth and set a broken bone. "Apothecary shops" were few and far between, and the remedies generally used were of the simplest nature. In cases of severe illness, New York and Newark were considered sufficiently near. So few, indeed, were the physicians in the State that a call issued June 27, 1766, for the organiza tion of the ~ledical Society of New Jersey, brought together only sixteen physicians. Dr. Van Emburgh is the first name mentioned in the records, and but little is known of him beyond the far: that he practiced here prior to 1 709. Dr. John Campbell was a practitioner here subsequent to the Revolution. He was born in 1770. Dr. Campbell and his wife, formerly of New York City, spent their life in Hackensack and were highly esteemed by all their neighbors. A Dr. Van Emburgh built one of the fir!->t houses in the town on a part of the property at present owned by :\[rs. A. D. Campbell, on the banks of the creek opposite the old Church on the Green. Van Em burgh Creek, later known as the Hackensack Creek, was named after him. Dr. Cornelius S. Blauvelt was a physician here in 1819. Dr. Abram Hopper, whose son, Henry A. Hopper, and grandson, John ,vard Hopper, of each of whom a personal sketch and portrait may be found in this volume, were all physicians of prominence in the county. Dr. Charles Hasbrouck removed here from Schraalenburgh, N. J., in 1855, and enjoyed a most lucrative practice until his death, November 25, 1887, in his home, now occupied as the Old Ladies Home. He was not only a leading physician and surgeon, but identified himself with the interests of the town, and was known as a most generous, upright and noble citizen. Dr. A. S. Eurdett practiced here successfully for many years, was a prominent member of the First M. E. Church and of the Medical Board of the Hackensack Hospital, when it was first organized. He was highly esteemed throughout the town, and his family are still residents here. Dr. David St. John is the best known and most successful physician in this county at the present 90 THB HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. f. writing. He came here just in time to fall heir to the large practice of Doctors Hasbrouck, Hopper ancl Burdett. His large measure of success is not clue, however, to any accident of that sort, but to his abundant knowledge of all the details of his profession, to his unsurpassed skill as a practitioner, and his thoughtful consideration of the needs of every patient. Dr. St. John is a large-hearted, courteous, wide-awake citizen who has e\·er evinced the liveliest interest in the affairs of the town, with which he has for years been closely and prominently identified, He was the founder of the Hackensack Hospital, which, but for the Doctor's modesty would, no doubt, have been called St. John's Hospital. He has been its indefatigable champion from the first, and it does not detract from the noble efforts put forth by others in its behalf, to say, that his energy has been back of all its success. The other well known physicians of the town to-day, all c,f whom enjoy a lucrative practice, are: Dr. Chas. F. Adams, Dr. F. H. \\rhite, Dr. N. A. Harris, Dr. G. Howard ::\IcFadden, Dr. E. K. Conrad and Dr. Louis P. Knapp, In these gentlemen we have a corps of physicians and surgeons that may justly be esteemed competent for the treatment of the ills to which all men are heirs. Dr, Harris, so favorably known as a homeopathist, ministers to a wide circJe of patients, by all of whom he is held in the highest estimation. Pntil his departure for the front Dr. (now ~Iajor) Adams-of that school-also had a large clientage. So our people have had the opportunity of choosing by which school of physicians they would be treated. Among the dental surgeons are: Dr. L. S. ~Iarsh, an old and successful practitioner; Dr. \\' alter F. Farr, who was born and raised here and who took charge of the Yery lucrative practice of his father, Dr. R. ,v. Farr (npon the death of the latter), whose practice here extended over many years. A photograph of Dr. Farr's fine residence and office are to be found elsewhere. In his office Dr. Farr has the Yery latest and best appliances for all the delicate work required in the practice of his profes sion, in which he has already won a most enviable reputation. Dr. Clark A. Reydon is a promising young dental surgeon, already popular with his patients. Dr. \Villis \V. Curry, veterinary surgeon, enjoys a good reputation in his particular line. THE H,\CKEXSACK HOSPITAL. It is primarily to the energetic and untiring efforts of Dr. David St. John, that Hackensack owes this institution, In its location, equipments and facilities it is second to none. Its origin may be traced to a meeting held at the office of Hon. \Vm . .M. Johnson, April 23, 1888. As a result of the deliberations of the representative citizens there assembled, a committee was appointed to effect a permanent organization. At the next meeting, held May I of that year, that committee presented a report, subsequently adopted, that recommended a dual organization-viz,: First, the Hackensack Hospital Company, to be managed by a board of eleven directors, four of w}; Jl11 might be ladies. 1'his company was to purchase and hold the property for the hospital. Second, t.he Hackensack Hospital Association, to be directed by a board of twenty-four governors, to lease the property from the com pany at a nominal rental, and to equip and manage the hospital. At the same time the constitution and by-laws were reported and adopted. Provision was also made for the appointment, by the board of governors, of a ladies' auxiliary board. The election of officers resulted in the choice of the following: Board of Directors for the Com pany, " 7m. M. Johnson, -,vm. S. Banta, Edward H. Dougherty, Nicholas l\Iehrhof, Sr., John E, Van Saun, Adoniga S. Boyd, Mrs. Frcderic;.k Jacobson, Sr., Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chrystal, Mrs. Thos. B. Romeyn and Mrs. E. l\I. Moses. For Governors of the Association: Nicholas Mehrhof, Sr., David Terhune, Chas. H. Harris, Peter L. Conklin, ,vm. T. \Velis, Edwin Ackerman, Geo. ,v. Conklin, ,villiam \Villiams, Edward E. Poor, Lewis Perrot, John 0. Hillyer, Geo. M. Fairchild, Jr., Jas. A. Romeyn, Lemuel Lozier, John 0, Grode, Cornelius A. Herring, \Verley Stoney, Abram G. l\Iunn, Jr., Matthew E. Clarendon, James E. Church, Abram S. Burdett, M.D., David St. John, M.D., James l\l. Van Valen and Nicholas C. Demarest. The Board of Governors met immediately, with Hon, James l\I. Van Valen presiding and James A. Romeyn as Secretary, and appointed Nicholas Mehrhof, Sr., Dr. D. St. John and \Vm. \Villiams a committee to nominate a board of officers. '!'hat commjttee reported the fellowing: President, David Terhune; Vice-Presidents, James M. Van Valen and M. E. Clarendon; Secretary, James E. Church; Treasurer, Chas. H. Harris. At a second meeting of the HlrnRY A. HOPPER, lf. D. (Deceased.) THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, K. ]. 91 governors on May 7, J. O. Hillyer, P. L. Conklin and N. C. Demarest declined to serve as members of the board, and Alvah Trowbridge and W. M. Johnson were then elected. Chas. H. Harris also declined the treasurership, and J as. A. Romeyn was unamimously elected in his place. The president appointed the following auxiliary committees. \Vant of space precludes mention of appointees other than those of the first named on each committee. Visiting Committee, Mrs. \Vm. ,vmiams (Camden street); Finance Committee, Mrs. \V. T. Wells; Supply Committee, Mrs. ,vmiam Williams; Nurses Aid Committee, Mrs. Dr. Holley; \Vardrobe Committee, l\frs. J. S. l\loses; Special Needs Committee, Miss A. Barling. To the unflagging efforts of the Ladies Auxiliary Committees, Dr. St. John, David 'ferhune and Cornelius A. Herring, the successful opening of this charitable institution was very largely due, The first Medical Bo4rd consisted of Dr. D. St.John, President; Dr. Abram S. Burdett, Secretary; 'rhe Hackensack Hospital. and consulting physicians, Fordyce Barker, M.D., Edward G. Janeway, l\t,D., Abram Jacobi, M.D., Lewis H. Sage, M.D., \V. Gill \Vylie, M.D., consulting gynecologist; David \Vebster, ~I.D., consult• ing oculist; attending physicians, Dr. D. St. John, M.D., and Dr. A. S. Burdett, M. D.; Homeopathic Medical \Vard, Chas. F. Adams, l\I.D., attending physician; Dr. G. Howard McFadden, Interne; Miss Mary E. Livingstone, matron. Within recent years a Nurses' Training School has been organized, from which trained nurses have been graduated, who are now found all over the county, and in distant States, ministering to the sick and the injured. 'l'he present officials are Albert V. Moore, President; M. E. Clarendon and Alvah Trowbridge, Vice-Presidents; John Dunlop, Treasurer, and James E. Church, Secretary. A~sociated with Dr. St. John, President of the Medical Board, are: Ors. A. L. Van de \Vater, George E. Brown and 92 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. G. Howard McFadden. Dr. N. A. Harris is attending physician to the Homeopathic \\Tard. \V. Ellery Jennings is the present house physician, and l\Iiss Emma F. Crum Supervising Nurse. On the consulting staff are such eminent names as A bin Jacobi, M. D., and Edward G. Janeway, M.D., consulting physicians; Joseph D. Bryant, l\I.D., and George F. Shrady, M.D., consulting surgeons. \V. Gil] \Vy lie, l\I. D., and Robert F. \Vy lie, l\f.D., consulting gynecologists; David \Vebster, M.D., consulting- opthalmic surgeon; L. Leonard Corning, 1\1. D., consulting neurologist; Robert Newman, :\I. D., consultant in genito-urinary diseases; Reginald H. Sayre, :\I. D., consultant in diseases of spine and general deformities, and S. 1\1. Payne, M. D., consultant in diseases of eye, ear, nose and throat. 'fhus it will be seen that some of the most distinguished men in the medical profession of New York City are connected with this hospital. The Hospital Go,·ernors are: Dr. D. St. John, l\f. E. Clarendon, A. Trowbridge, John Dunlop, James E. Church, J. 0. Grode, A.G. :Munn, Jr., C. E. Breckenridge, E. H. Dougherty, C. E. Eckerson, Chas. Henderson, Edward E. l\Ioure, L. L. Lozier, \V. 1\1. Johnson, J. A. Romeyn, E. :M. Barnes, Capt. J. J. Phelps, A. Y. ~Ioore, \V. T. Knapp, L. Perrot, E. E. Poor, Sr., G. L. Jaeger, C. H. Harrison, G. \V. Conklin. Among those who in the past have been acti\•ely engaged in promoting the establishment of this institution special mention should be made of David Terhune, C. A. Herring, Dr. Abram S. Burdett and ~Irs. T. B. Romeyn. Dr. Fordyce Barker and Dr. Lewis Hall Sayre were prominently associated with the consulting staff. In connection with the work undertaken by the ladies, l\Irs. \Y. \V. Holley and l\f rs. J. S. :Moses rendered effective service. Others, not mentioned in the above connection, have also contributed their time and energy in the advancement of this most worthy enterprise. The Supervising Nurse, ~Iiss Emma F. Crum, enjoys the hearty approval and enthusiastic support of the medical authorities of the hospital, and this reward she has won by her fidelity ancl ability in the discharge of the duties of her position. \Vithout boasting, it can be stated upon reliable authority, that no similar institution in any of our adjacent towns or cities presents so satisfactory reports of its general condition and financial standing. Last year 462 patients were treated and cared for by the skilled physicians and trained nurses con nected with the hospital. The treasurer's report exhibited an income of $5,200 and expenditures of $4,800. To that income our town voted, this year, the sum of $300; and it is hoped that adjoining towns will emulate our example in this particular. To the self-sacrificing efforts of Dr. St. John, upon whom a large share of responsibility and many demands for gratuitous service have fallen, and to all those associated with him in the support of this charitable and beneficient enterprise, our citizens are specially indebted. And the generous response made to every appeal in behalf of the hospital, is evidence sufficient of the interest, support and endorsement, heartily accorded by all classes in our community. Dr. David St. John, the prime mover in this enterprise, is prominent in his profession in northern New Jersey. His paternal ancestors were English, settling in New England in 1635 and Jater remoY ing to New York State. His grandfather was Noah St. John and his father David St. John. Dr. St. John was born in Berne, Albany County, New York, forty-eight years ago. His maternal ancestors were Scotch. After pursuing a preparatory course in the Albany schools, he entered the office of Prof. James H. Armsby, then the leading surgeon in that portion of the State. He took courses of lectures at the Albany ~Iedical Col1ege, Buffalo Medical College and Bellevue Hospital :Medical College, graduating from the latter institution in r 87 5. He located in Hackensack where he has identified himseJf with all matters of town interest. He is a director of the Hackensack Bank and was appointed by Governor Griggs one of the managers of the ~!orris Plains Asylum. He is Presi dent of the Medical Board of the Hackensack Hospital, member of Bergen County Medical Society, New Jersey State Medical Society, New York State Medical Association, the American Medical Association, and recently delivered a course of lectures on obstetrics at the American Missionary Medical College, New York. He is surgeon of the Erie Railroad, and outside of his hospital work, does a large amount of surgery. In addition to his general practice he is often called in consultation throughout the western part of the county, and for the last ten years has found it necessary to em ploy an assistant. JOHN WARD HOPPER, :\I. I>. (Deceased.) THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 93 Associated with him in this capacity is Dr. Edgar K. Conrad, a graduate of Bellevue Hospital ~r edical College. In 187 9, Dr. St. John married 1\1 iss Jennie Angle, of Hope, N. J. They have three children, Olive Graham, Fordyce Barker and Florence Angle. THE OLD LADIES' HO:\IE OF BERGEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, Next to the hospital, this is the most popular charitable institution in town. It was organized through the united efforts of our Christian ladies in March, 1896, and the Home was opened June 1, 1896. 'l'he Home is under the very efficient management of l\Iiss l\I, A. Joiner, ~latron, who is directed by the following official board, l\Irs. Chas. E. Moore, President; Mrs. Isaac E. Hutton and ~[rs. Ellen Clark, Vice-Presidents; Mrs. E. A. Pearce, Secretary; ;\!rs. H. \V. Collingwood, Corre sponding Secretary; Mrs. Jacob Terhune, Treasurer. In addition, a board of seventeen m:magers and an advisory board of seven prominent men share the responsibilities. CHAPTER XXII. THE ORITANI FIELD CLUB. THE CLUB NA!\IE, IT IS SUPPOSED, PERPETUATES THE NA!\lE OF THE INDIAN CHIEF WHO WAS THE LEADER OF THE HACKENSACK TRIBE OF INDIANS, OF WHICH )lf.NTION IS )(ADE IN THE OPENIN(; CHAPTERS. N the summer of 1887 a number of gentlemen discussed the advisability of organizing a Field Club I in Hackensack. At that time the old Ander.son property was in the market, and it was decided that it would be the best location that could be obtained for such a club, and l\lessrs. ,v. S. Banta, Asa ,v. Dickinson, \V. P. Ellery and F. A. Anthony advanced the money to make the first payment on the property, and it was bought in ~Ir. Anthony's name. After securing the r,·operty, a circular was issued, dated November 1 1 1887, and sent to a numl:>er of the residents of the town, who it was thought would support such a club. The circular was signed by the fol lo,ving gentlemen: ~Iessrs. F. A. Anthony, J. S. C. \Velis, ,v. P. Ellery, E. E. Poor, Jr., A. ,v. Dickinson, C. J. ,vood, \V. B. Smith and "'· \V. Holley. Subsequently a meeting was called at the Library on N ovem, The Oritani Field Club. ber 8, and all those in the town interested in the formation of a Field Club were invited to attend. At this meeting the club was organized and officers elected as follows: President, F. A. ANTHON\'. First Vice-President, J. B. BoGERT. Second Vice-President, G. M. FAIRCHILD, JR, Secretary, C. JULIAN \Vooo. Treasurer, E. E. PooR, JR. Captain, J. S. C. "'ELLS. Governors. Messrs. \V. P. Ellery, R. S. Jacobson, B. J. Richardson, A. \V. Dickinson, A. B. Banta, C. \V. Lerdan, Rev. \V. W. Holley, Rev. Arthur Johnson, A. Trowbridge. Ninety-seven members signed the roll, and the officers were authorized to incorporate the club and also to purchase the Anderson property from the parties who had secured it, at the price they paid for it, namely, $10,000. After the matter of the real estate was settled, it was surveyed, and it was found that there was much more land in the plot than supposed, and instead of the property measuring 7½ acres, it measured about 11½. Pl':1'ER BOGART, THE HISTORl' OF H.4CKENS.4CK, N. J. 95 On the 26th of December, following the organization of the club, the Toboggan Slide was opened and people generally invited to the club grounds to see the sliding, as it was something new for the town. The result was that a great many members were added to the club, and at the close of the year the membership had increased to 234. The improvement of the house was also undertaken and bowling alleys and billiard rooms were added to the club attractions the first year. On the 4th of July, 1888, the club was formally opened and invitations extended to all parties in the county to visit the club, and it was estimated that about 5,000 people were on the grounds during the day. A fine entertainment was given, with fireworks, in the evening. Since then the club has maintained its popularity in the town, and has become one of the desirable institutions of the pla.:e, the club furnishing baseball and tennis in the summer and skating and tobogganing in the winter. During the first year the club expended some $10,000 on the grounds, and in fixing and furnishing the house, and since that time fully as much more has been spent on the house and grounds, and a fine hall has been added to the buildings. The first committees to have charge of the club's interests in its infancy were: Committee on Admissions, :Messrs. Berdan, Johnson and Richardson. Auditing Committee, " Ellery, Trowbridge and Dickinson. Grounds " ·• Wells, Banta and Fairchild. House ·' " Holley, Bogert and Jacobson. Finance ·' " 'rrowbridge, Poor, Ellery, Bogert and Jacobson. )Ir. E. E. Poor, Jr., finding it impossible to attend to the duties of treasurer, resigned the office soon after the club was organized, and )Ir. C. H. Harris was elected in his place. The organization of the club has largel:, helped to bring people to Hackensack, as many have made it their place of residence entirely, on account of the club being here. )!any prominent men of Hackensack have served from time to time on the Board of Governors of the Club, among them being the Hon. ,vm. :M. Johnson, l\I. E. Clarendon and Dr. D. St. John. This club was th~ first to introduce lady membership, the ladies in the family of a member of the club being entitled to tick~ts ~md all the privileges of the club, with the exception of voting and holding office, no clues being charged to them. The ladies showed their appreciation of this by getting up a fair for the benefit of the club in November, 1888, which netted the club about $2,200. Subsequently, in 1895, they again gave a fair for the benefit of the club, which realized about $1,700. So that they have assisted the club in a very substantial way. The club and its equipment and buildings, constitute one of the prominent points of interest and centers of attraction in the town. The present officers and members of the Board of Governors are: President, F. A. ANTHONY. First Vice-President, J. F. Hnms. Second Vice-President, C. M. HoRTON. Corresponding Secretary, DR. C. A. HBYDON. Recording Secretary, H. DE )loTT. Treasurer, I. H. LABAGH, Gol'ernors. J. P. Clarendon, A. T. Holley, H. G. Terhune. W. J. Fisher, J. J. Phelps, ,v. P. Ellery. F. \V. Beattie, G. \V. Conklin, R. S. Bruns. CHAPTER XXIII. FRATERNAL AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. THE ODD FELLOWS.-THE MASONS.-WO:\IAN'S CHRISTIAN TEllPERANCE UNION·.-THE A:\U-:RICA~ :\lECIIANICS. UNITED WORKMEN,--THE GUNOD SOCIETY.-TIIE DRA:\IATIC .-\SSOCIATION-THE SCHUUERT CLUB, AND OTHER SOCETIES, UERGEN cou.,TY LODGE, NO. 73, I. 0. o. F. ERGEN COUNTY LODGE, No. 73, I. 0. 0. F. was instituted in 1845 1 and is perhaps the most B popular and prosperous, as well as the oldest secret order in town. It has owned its own home, old Odd Fellows· Hall, for many years. This was destroyed by fire late in 1897. Prior to this fire, the lodge trustees had purchased the property and begun the erection of the present Odd Fellows' building which is one of the finest in town, and a credit to the enterprise and foresight of the trustees. The present officers of this lodge are J. ,v. Ackerman, N. G.; George Van Buskirk, V. G.; ,vatter Ely, R. S.; \Vm. Huyler, F. S.; Garret Bertholf, 'l'reasnrer. PIONEER LODGE, NO. 70, ~. AND A, :\I. Pioneer Lodge, No. 70, F. and A. M., was instituted in April, 1865, and has a membership of about 100 at this time. Its offic:ers are: P. ~I. Frank ,vhite, \V. M.; Harry D. "rheeler, S. \V.; Jos. R. Richards, J. \V.; J. H. \Vinant, Treasurer; Geo. N. Comes, Secretary; P. M. Geo. T. Davison, Chaplain; Joseph A. Behan, S. D.; K. S. ~fatheisen, J. D.; \Vm. L. " 7illiams, S. 1\1. C.; Edward S. Carr, J. l\I. C.; ,vm. Carl \Vaggoner, S. S.; Geo. Jervis Smith, J. S.; P. l\I. Jas. H. Russell, :Marshall; P. l\L Jos. P. Vreeland, Tyler; P. M. J. H. Van Benschoten; P. M. John Shafer; P . .M. Geo. T. Davison, Trustees. BERGEN CHAPTER, NO. 401 R. A. ~I. Bergen Chapter, No. 40, R. A. M., was instituted in 1395, with thirteen charter members, which has since been increased to forty-three. The officers are: John Shafer, M. E. H. P.; Clark A. Reydon, E. K.; Chas. M. Dalrymple, E. S.; Adam R. Beatty, C. of. H.; L. H. Olmstead, P. S.; Edward S. Carr, R. A. C.; Sanford E. Clapp, G. M. 3d V.; Edwin Goodall, G. M. 2d V.; lVm. A. Herring, G. M. 1st V.; \Vm. 0. Labngh, Treasurer; Geo. N. Comes, Secretary; J. R. Richards, Organist; J. P. Vreeland, Tyler. WO:\IAN'S CHRISTiAN TEMPERANCE UNION. Odd Fellow's Hall. This Union was organized in town as a result of the work here of Mabie and Eng1ish ab0ttt the year 1883. The reformatory work performed by this noble organization is well known to most of our readers. The local officers are: Mrs. M. T. Sullivan, President; Mrs. C. L. Lopez, Vice-President; Mrs. A. P. Vail, Vice-President; Mrs. P. F. Hopper, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. L. D. Post, Treasurer. TJWNIS A. HARING. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 97 JUNIOR ORDER UNITED A)IERICAN )IECHANIC!-. This lodge was organized in Hackensack, August ◄, 1894, and has a membership of about 200 at the present time. This order is an educational Americanizing force of great value to American artisans. 'rhe objects of the order, briefly stated, are the education of all classes in patriotic love of our country and its flag, and, through the instrumentality of the Bible, the home circle, and the public school system, to elevate all classes of our citizens to a higher plane of non-partisan, non-sectarian, pure and patriotic Americanism. The local lodge meets at Odd Fellows' Hall every Friday night. HACKENSACK LODGE, NO, 64, ANCIENT ORDER UNITED WORK~IEN, Hackensack Lodge, No. 64, Ancient Order United ,vorkmen, is an assessment organization, limited to twenty assessments annually of $1. oo each. Benefits at death, $2, ooo; meets in Odd Fellow's Hall, the first and third Thursdays of each month, at 8 o'clock, P. ~1. The officers are: Jacob H. Fank, ~laster ,vorkman; Louis ,v_ygant, Foreman; Henry Rinker, Overseer; Henry C. Renner, Receiver; \Vm. D. Blam·elt, Recorder; Andrew Dederick, Financier; Dr. G. Howard :McFadden, Medical Examiner, John ::N. Poole, Guide; Anton Hoffman, Outside \Vatchman; Edwin Schmttltz, Inside \Vatchman. In connection with this order is a local sick benefit class, which costs the members $8.oo an THE KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE GOLDEN STAR. The Knights and Ladies of the Golden Star is the only fraternal insurance organization in town, making provision for ladies. Here all members of the family over twelve years old may unite in fraternal protection. Bergen Lodge 143 was organized in :\larch, 1897.· The present officers are: Dictator, J. \Vinthrop Bertholf; Vice-Dictator, :\liss Ida L. Church; Recording Secretary, George B. Harper; Financial Secretary, Henry C. Harper; Treasurer, James E. Church; Orator, ~Irs. Daniel \"'an \Vinkle; Guide, George Jacobus; Assistant Guide, )liss :Myra Church; Chaplain, ,vm. F. Jacobus; \Varden, :\liss Lillian Merritt; Secretary, John Brinkerhoff. THE HACKENSACK WHEEL~IEN, This club was organized February 11 1 189!, with 111 charter members, Dr. C. F. Adams being its first President. It occupied the old Bank Build ing, now the home of C. A. Bogert, until ~lay, 1896, when it moved to its present commodious club house. It has a membership of 250 acth-e and one honorary pir. E. C. Humphrey). Home of the Huckensack \\'heelmen. The present officers are: Frank Banta, Presi dent; T. B. Morgan, Vice-President; L. E. Coyt, Corresponding Secretary; \V. D. Newman, Financial Secretary; G. G. Ackerson, 'rreasurer; Ed. Vreeland, Jr., Captain; J. Pangborn, Jr., Frank Pitcher, Frank M. Taylor, and Fred. V. Bates, Governors. THE CHILDREN'S HOMB SOCIETY. The Children's Home Society is a National organization, having state and local branches. Its object is the placing of homeless children in good homes. The Hackensack branch was organized March 23, 1895. Its officers are: President, C. V. Brinkerhoff; Secretary, R. C. Haff; Treasurer, Mrs. P. R. Adams; and one Vice-President from each church not otherwise represented. THE GUNOD SOCIETY. This society was organized February 2, 1894, with thirty members, since increased to fifty-six. The purpose of its founders was to promote the study of choral music and to develop an interest in the community, in the musical works of the great masters. Its concerts are popular and well sustained; 98 Tlf E 11/STORlr OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. and its management has received hearty endorsement from the press of the town for securing the best talent available upon all public occasions. 'fhe officers are: \Villiam R. Chapman, Conductor; Dr. Chas. F. Adams, President; Geo. M. Van De \Yater, Vice-president; Arthur Van Buskirk, Secretary; Harry Van Thun, Treasurer; Spencer Taylor, Librarian; Jacob Van \Vagoner, member of music committee, and C. ~I. Horton, member of executive committee. THE HACKENSACK DR.-DIATIC ASSOCIATION. 1'his association was organized in the winter of 1888-89, through the agency of S. S. Acton, Jr., (then lh-ing at Newbridge) with 110 members, and a waiting list of 10 more, which number remained the same up to the present time. The high degree of excellence achieved by_ the "Dramatic" is due to the efforts and training of l\Ir. Alfred Young, the popular stage manager of the Brooklyn Amaranth, who has coached the "Dramatic" for a number of years. Three or four plays are given each season, and it is no disparagement to the other amusements of the town to say that the "Dramatic" stands easily in the first rank. The present officers are: Jere. Pangborn, Jr., President; \V. P. Ellery, Vice-President; \V. M. Richards, Treasurer; G. l\f. Van De \Vater, Financial Secretary. Trustees, F. \V. Beatty; F. A. Anthony, \V. F. Farr, I. I. Demarest and A. V. Moore. The Dramatic Committee, which is really the l\Ianaging Committee, consists of: F. E. Crasson, Chairman; H. L. Keys, A. D. Hill, A. T. Holley, J. A. Cumber], and, the Schubert Club ha,•ing disbanded, llr. Geo. G. Ackerman, of the Schubert, has just been appointed musical director of "Dramatic" with a commission to form the Dramatic Association Orchestra, THE SCHUBERT CLUB. Through the instrumentality of George G. Ackerman, G. F. Benedict, Mr. and :Mrs. F. B. Plympton, T. J. Palmer, N. H. Broughton, Irving \V. Pierson and S. G. Vanderbeck the Schubert Club was organized about 1890, and the membership increased to twenty-one actives. Its first conductor was Professor George \Veigand, who was succeeded by Theodore John, and later by L. T. Cornu. The annual concert given by this club has been of such merit as to assure them a full house, and sufficient revenue to cover all expenses for the year. It is one of the most creditable organizations in town, and is highly esteemed by our people. The officers of the club are: G. F. Benedict, President, George G. Ackerman, Secretary and Treasurer. THE GER:\IAN DR.-\~IATIC HAR~ION'IC. The German Dramatic Harmonic records the following list of officers: Emil Schurech, President; l\Irs. 0. H. Krause, Vice-President; llrs. Geo. l\Iattjestscheck, Secretary; Emil Schabilon, Treasurer. THE I.tf.DERTAFEL GER~IAN SINGING SOCIETY. This society, well known among our German friends, was organized some twenty years ago, and its present officers are: Free!, Lehnig, President; \Vm. Smith, Vice-President; A. Hoffman, Treasurer; 0. Heppner, Secretary. THE HACKENSACK CORNET BAND. This band is under the direction of H. C. \Vashburn, Leader, and ,vm. Huyler, Secretary and Treasurer. The band has twenty.one instruments, is well managed and heartily appreciated for its thorough training and effective rendering of difficult music. THE DEUTSCHER KRIEGERHUND OF BERGEN COUNTY. This is an organization of the German regular army veterans. Its object is the relief and assistance of the families of its members. It was organized July u, 1894. Its officers are: Captain, John Sachs; 1st Lieut., Christian Sachs; 2d Lieut., Paul Krause; Orderly Sergt., Fred. Fisher; Treasurer, Anthony Kranz. WALTER J. 'l'IC1';. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. 99 THE GERMAN SCHUTZENBUNDES WASHINGTON RIFLES, STATE OF NEW JERSEY Organized in l\Iarch, 1881, is a fraternal, social German organization, which meets on first Tuesday of each month. It was organized with F. P. Van ,vettering, Captain; Conrad Hoffman, 1st Lieut., and John Bermel, 2d Lieut. Present officers are: August :\lund, Captain; Abrose Elzenherger, 1st Lieut. ; A. Hoffman, 2d Lieut. ; John Sachs, Secretary. THE BRUDERLIEBE SOCIETY. The Bruderliebe Society is a German fraternal organization instituted in 1864, by Philip Shafer, John Zinn, John C. Baus, Frederick Strohmeyer and Anton l\lattjetscheck. It meets the first Monday in each month. The present officers are: John Krause, President; J oho Rowold, Vice-President; Philip Seilheimer, Treasurer; and Peter Graham er, Secretary. THE KALA:\IAZOO BAND. The Kalamazoo Band is a purely social organization. It was formed in 1892, and has been a factor since that date in the amusements of the town. It has a present membership of about eighty, and its officers are: George Van Buskirk, President; Adam Beatty, Vice-President; T. G, Henry, Secretary; Leon Bergeron, Treasurer; Trusttes, Jacob L. Van Buskirk, ,vmiam Oetting and Jacob H. Fank. In addition to the above, owing to lack of space, we can only very briefly mention among the other secret and fraternal organizations that are represented in town: Hope Encampment, I. 0. O. F.; Uland Lodge, No. 177, I. 0. 0. F.; Court Hackensack, No. 47, F. of A. Hackingshackey Tribe, No. 189; Improved Order of Red Men; Order of United Friends; Royal Council, No. 1151; Royal Arcanum and the National Union. CHAPTER XXIV. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. THE HACKENSACK )IUTUAI. IIUILDl:-.'l; .urn LOAN.-BUSIXESS INTERESTS-KRONE BROTHERS' SCHOOL ..\XD IIL..\NK BOOK ::\IAXUFACTORY.-BRICK ::\I..\NlTF..\CTURH'W.-THE 511.K MILL. LL the various lines of trade are well represented in town, and the prices at which the various A commodities, needful to the well-being of our people, can be purchased, will compare favorably with those of any place of like size near the metropolis. THE H ..\CKE!'.S..\CK ::\IUTU..\L BUII,DIXG AXD LO..\:\' ASSOCIATION, 'fhe Hackensack :\Iutual Building and Loan Association was organized in 1887. It has been one of_the great factors in the growth and deYelopment of the town. )lany homes have been erected through its instrumentality, and many dollars sa,·ed by imrestors which would ·• · doubtless otherwise not have been so ... ,.. wisely invested. This is very generally considered to be one of the best managed Building and Loan Associations in the State. It has issued 15,514 shares, received $984,339.91 1 paid to withdraw ing members $270,606.08 in dues, and $401 238.09 profits. It has loaned on bond and mortgage $447,050.00; advanced in book !oans $63,582.501 and made gross Krone Bros.' Pactory. earnings of $119,999.29 at an expense Of only $8,697.33 1 or less than one per cent. of its receipts ; and in transacting its business has not incurred any loss. The following are the board of officers. President, ,v::-.r. A. LINN. Secretary, FRANK PJTcHER. Vice-President, GF.o. \\'. CoNKUN. Treasurer, A. S. D. DEMAREST. Counsel, ABRAM DE BAUN. DIRECTORS, Frank Banta, J. P. Clarendon, Daniel G. Jeffers, Dr. A. A. Barrows, • Jacob H. Fank, \Varren Lozier, H. M. Bogert, Chas. S. Fountain, A. V. Moore, John F. Cadmus, R. C. Haff, G. M. Van De Water. KRONE BROS,' FACTORY. The firm of Krone Brothers was established in 1878 by Herman and Louis Krone. Their means were very small, and only through continual hard work and careful management have they succ.::eded. They first came to Hackensack in 1890, when Herman Krone purchased the old Zingsem residence. In 1892 he bought another block, close to his residence, where in 1893 the firm com menced the erection of a factory building. Its dimensions are 40 x 166, three stories high, bVilt entirely of brick and yellow pine, after the so-called New England slow burning plan. It is equipped with all modern improvements, steam heat, power and ele,·ator, electric lights, etc., and receives its JA:\ms w. 011,1,rns. THE HISTORY OF HACKBNSACK, N. ]. 101 water supply from an artesian well, 200 feet deep. It contains the best of machinery for the different branches of work, and those able to judge have declared it a model establishment. Krone Brothers are Educational publishers, making a specialty of Penmanship and Drawing Books; they publish over one hundred different books, all of their own copyrights, and manufacture besides a large variety of school stationery. Their goods are shipped all over the ,vestern hemis phere, China, Sandwich Islands, South America, l\lexico, Canada, etc. New York office and sales rooms, 24 Park Place, are in charge of Herrirnn Krone, Jr., oldest son of the senior partner. H. Martini, son-in-law of the senior partner, is in charge of the factory. BRICK l\lANUl-'ACTURING. This is one of the most important industries of the town. It was first established some fifty years ago by Moses and Andrew Sears, who were followed soon after by Philip Shafer, the father of ex-commissioner John Shafer, and Isaac Hamilton, and later by John Schmultz and Mr. Brunsey. Schmultz & Brunsey operated the yard now run by the two Gardner firms and J. ,v. Gillies. The quality of brick made is the very best kind of ordinary building brick, and the business has grown to very large proportions, as the figures below show. The supply of clay is practica11y inexhaustible. ,vithin the town limits we have the following annual output: Edwin Schmultz, 5,000,000, Philip l\Iehrhof, 5,000,000; Chas. E. ,valsh (two yards), 8,000,000; James ,v. Gillies, 5,000,000; M. & I. E. Gardner, 2,500,000; M. B. & S. B. Gardner, 2,500,000; and at Little Ferry, just beyond the town limits and operated by Hackensack men, we have l\lehrhof & Co., 8,000,000; N. Mehrhof, 20,000,000; Felter Bros., 5,000,000. Making a total of over 60,000,000 of brick manufactured annually. THE SILK MILL. The silk mill is owned by the Givernaud Brothers Company, of West Hoboken, N. J., who are also owners of large and similar mills at ,vest Hoboken, Homestead, N. J., and Allentown, Pa. The local factory was erected in 1879, with about 180 looms, and employed about 350 persons. That firm is now building an addition, which will increase the number of looms to 230, and the number of employees to about 500 persons. The factory is in charge of Desire Danckert, Superintendent, and Albert l\luller, :Foreman, and under their management is producing an excellent quality of silk. The Silk ,veavers' Union was organized for the mutual protection of its members. Its present officers are, A. Bunger, President, John Grass, Scteretary. CHAPTER XXV. BIOGRAPHICAL. COL. GARRET G. ACKERSON.-Far back of Revolutionary times the first Ackerson known in this country, Garret, great-grandfather of Col. Garret G. Ackerson, came from Honand and settled at Old Tappan, in Bergen County. He sometimes spelled his name Eckerson, as do most of the old branches of the family to-day. He bought a large tract of land, upon which he settled his oldest son, John, at Pascack, leaving his younger sons, Cornelius and Abram, at his death in possession of the homestead at Tappan. John was the grandfather of our subject, and married Garritje Hogencamp, who bore him two children, Garret and Hannah, the latter became the wife of Nicholas Zabriskie. John Ackerson was born in 1743, and died at Pascack at the age of ninety-four years. Garret, his only son, was born in 1779, and died in 1857. He married Hannah, daughter of John Hogencamp, whose family were origina]]y from Rockland County, N. Y. Garret Ackerson was considerable of a politician and a military man, was twice elected as a member of the legislature, and was major of the old ·State :Militia, stationed with his command at Sandy Hook during the war of 1812-14, and after wards was a l\Iajor-General of the northern Militia of the State of New Jersey-the counties of Bergen, Essex and Morris being the only three counties in the northern part of the State at that time. He had four children-] ohn, Cornelius, Garret G. and James. Col. Garret G. Ackerson was born at Pascack, April 91 1816. He was educated at a public school, of which George Achenbach was at one time teacher, and Jacob R. ,vortendyke was a schoolmate. His father, who was engaged in farming, had also a cotton mill, a distillery and a store on his premises, and of these his son took charge, retaining the general superintendence until the year 1840, when he transferred his efforts to another farm and established a woolen-mill of his own. In 1839 the old ,vhig party caused a division to be made in Harrington township, and it became in consequence " 7ashington and Harrington townships. It was an innovation that did not suit everybody, and the result was not only a troublous time socially, but a period that persuaded both parties to put forward the best men they could command for political offices. Mr. Garret G. Ackerson was elected assessor, and thus commenced his political experience. His father was then Major-General of Militia, and the son was destined to follow in the paternal footsteps. At the age of fifteen he was made Captain of a com pany of uniformed militia, which position he retained for ten years. In 1845 he was elected County Clerk over John N. Berry, being the first elected under the new constitution, and by a large majority, and therefore left his home at Pascack and removed to Hackensack, where he entered on the duties of his office. He found himself surrounded by the old politicians of the county, and to make inroads against them required almost superhuman efforts. He filled three terms in this office, and during this time gradually fought his way to the leadership of the party. Besides this he came to be the counsellor and banker of most of the old people of that day, the vault of the clerk's office oftentimes containing thousands of dollars in gold and silver awaiting investment. At one time so much bullion was stored i11 the building that it became necessary to divide it in small packages and store it in all the obscure places in the building to prevent thieves carrying it all off. Shortly after he moved to Hackensack he was made Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee, in place of Judge Garret Hopper, who had occupied the position almost since the organization of the Demo .."'ratic party. During his career as County Clerk, between 1845 and 1860, he raised a company of Continentals, of which he was Captain, and was elected Lieutenant-Colonel of an independent battalion which had been:organized py special act of the legislature, and which remained in existence until 1861, when most of the men volunteered and made up the Twenty-second State Regiment for active service in the war. As the supervising CORNELIVS B. DEMAREST. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 103 mind of the committee on volunteers, he filled the whole quota of Bergen County. In 1858-59 Hack• ensack was without a railroad, and Mr. Ackerson, with other citizens, resolved this should be the case no longer. They subscribed sufficient to build a road from this point to intersect with the Erie, and it became known as the Hackensack Railroad. 11r. Anderson, the first President of the company, resigned before the completion of the road, and Mr. Ackerson took his place by unanimous election. Although the road sunk $10,000 every year during the first three years of its existence, Mr. Ackerson contrived to make it a paying institution before separating himself from control of its affairs. At one time he and Judge Zabriskie became personally responsible for about $60,000 indebtedness of the road, and it may be imagined what hard work it was to clear off this load. From that time until 1872 he was engaged in commercial enterprises. In 1872 Col. Ackerson became active in organizing the Bergen County Bank. The bank building was erected in 1874, with George Achenbach, Esq., for its first President. He die County, N. J., who was born July 41 1821 1 and who bore him one son, Col. Garret Ackerson, Jr. (now deceased), and one daughter, Martha, wife of B. F. Randall, now of Hackensack, but formerly of Fall River, Massachusetts. Colonel Ackerson died De cember 12, 1891, at the age of seventy-five years. The remaining descendants of the subject of this sketch are his grandsons, J. Zabriskie, James B. and Garret G., sons of the late Garret Ackerson, Jr., and Garret A. Randall, son of Martha A. Randall. • CAPTAIN JOHN J. \VARD was born at Camp gaw, New Jersey, February 41 1819, and settled in Hackensack in 1857. He, with his brother, Captain Robert Colfax A. \Vard, owned and commanded their own vessels for some time in transporting lumber from their Green Spring plantation in Virginia. Cap- tain \Vard, the subject of this sketch, was one of Hack- CAPT. JOHN J. WARD orders that would be executed checrfuJJy and quickly, such confidence did all feel in his superior judgme11t. Captain \Vard married Leah :Maria Quackenbush, who died January 18, 1898. They had two children, one, a daughter, still survives them and resides in Hackensack. Captain ,vard died September 16, 1872, in the prime of his life and in the full vigor of his manhood, after a short illness. During his lifetime he ,vas always ready to lend a helping hand, and was naturally a Jeader among men. His cheerful manner and sympathetic nature made him friends everywhere, and among people of all classes and cunditions. He was a man without an enemy in the world, and died as he had lived, a Christian. GEORGE ,v AKE~IAN \VHEELER, broker, was born at Easton, Fairfield County, Connecticut, October 15, 1831, the son of Charles anJ Jerusha (Bradley) "\Vheelt!r. The subject of this sketch is descended from a family on the paternal side who have l>een conspicuous in judicial and legislative life. His grandfather, Stephen " 1heeler, was a distinguished jurist, he having served for some years as County Judge of Fairfield County, Connecticut. His father, Charles \Vheeler, served as a member of the General Assembly of his State and was also Probate Judge of Fairfield County. The only brother oi our subject was a State Senator and a Judge in Louisiana, while a son, George \V. ,vheelcr, Jr., is now a Judge of the Superior Court of Connedicut. .Mr. \\rheeler prepared for college at Dudley School, Northampton, l\Iassachusetts. He afterward entered Amherst College and was graduated therefrom in 1856. Immediately thereafter he began teaching school, and after a short period he located in Hackensack, where for two years he conducted classes in Greek and Latin. In 1859 he removed to ,vooclville, ~Iississippi, where he remained ten years as principal of ~IcGee's Institute, and soon came to be known as one of the foremost educators in that section of th~ state. During his residence there he was for three years County Superintendent of Schools, and was also a member of the Board of Alderman. He was instrumental in organizing a local Cavalry Company and served as a member with the rank of )fojor. He was a prominent member of the )lasonic order and was for four years High Priest of Royal Arch Chapter. In 1869 ~Ir. \Vheeler returned to Hackensack where he has since resided. He afterwards served as a Judge of the Common Pleas Court, having been associated with J. ~I. \"an Valen and Peter Bogart, Jr. He is at present extensively engaged in the management of large estates, and as a broker in stocks and bonds, having occupied his present quarters for the past thirty years. Since l\Ir. \Vheelcr returned to Hackensack from the south, he has held many positions of hon8r and trust, all of which he has filled with dignity. He was for fifteen years a member of the Board of School Trustees; has been President of the Board of Education; is President and a Director of Hall and Armory Association, a position he has held since its organization to the present time, was a Director of the Bank of Bergen County and the Hackensack Savings Bank; he is at present Treasurer and a member of the Board of Directors of the Hackensack Cemetery Co.; is a member of the (N. J.) State Geological Board, and was for ten years President of the Bergen Turnpike Co., and is at present the Vice-president of that corporation. He is a life member of New Jersey State Forestry Association. For many years a Director of the Hackensack Gas Co., and for twenty-seven years Representative of Home Insurance Co., for Bergen County. Upon his resignation for latter position in 1897 the company shO\vecl their appreciation of his long and faithful service by presenting him a handsome goldheacled cane and letter of thanks. He is a member of Christ Episcopal Church. Politically he is a Democrat. :Mr. ,vheeler married )Iiss Lucy Bowie, of Andes, Delaware County, N. Y., in 1859. They have two sons, Judge George ,v. \Vheeler, Jr., now of Connecticut (heretofore referred to), and Harry D. "'heeler, a commission merchant doing business in New York City, but resi THE DOCTORS, HOPPER.-DR. ABRAM HorPER is not remembered by the younger residents of Hackensack, but many of the older citizens of the town will recollect him as a man of keen intelli gence, honest conviction and integrity of purpose, as a citizen. And as a physician he was easily first .....------'------CHWRtrn WAKlnfAN WHBHI,J<:R. THE HISTORY OF lltlCKBNSACK, N. j. 105 in the rank of his chosen profession, in this vicinity, until the day of his death. He was born at Hohokus, this county, April 26, 1797, and passed his youth on the farm of his father. He took his academic course in New York City, and returning to Hohokus, studied medicine for 0r:e year with Dr. John Rosencranz. He then further pursued his studies with Dr. Valentine ~Iott in New York, and he also attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in that city, and was graduated at the age of twenty-one from the college named. He came to Hackensack the year following, and began the practice of his chosen profession, and continued to reside here most of the time until his death, December 14, 1872. He was for many years the only operating surgeon in this county, giving this branch of his profession his chief attention, and was rewarded by the achievement of a wide and lasting reputation for his ability as a specialist in that department. He was one of the few men the impress of whose profe..;sional life and unquestioned manliness, has not been effaced by the attrition of the passing years. He married Euphemia De \Volf, and their family was seven children, five sons and two daughters. DR. HENRY A. HoPPER, the S,)n of Dr. Abram Hopper, was born in Hackensack on the eighth day of August, 1824, and from the date of his graduation from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City, in 1847, he took a prominent place in the medical profession of this town and county. He was a life long resident of Hackensack,. and always identified himself with everything appertam ing to the prosperity of the town in which all his life's interests were centered. He was only twenty three years old when he began the practice of medicine, but he very soon rose to a position of promi nence and won a large place in the affections of his fellow townsmen and among the large number of his friends throughout the county and state, as well as in the city of New York. There he was fre quently called upon for consultation in important ~uses. He was a most worthy and estimable citizen, a devoted Christian, a faithful husband, a kind father and a true friend. Professional honors were accorded him in the election to the Vice-Presidency of the New Jersey State Medical Society, and to the Presidency of the State Sanitary Assochtion and of the Bergen County :Medical Society. He was recognized as the organizer and honored as the PrC'sident of the Hackensack Board of Health. As a member of the Second Reformed Church he.was most highly esteemed. \Vhen just in his prime, at the age of 58 years, death came and summoned him to a higher and nobler sphere, and he passed on, leaving his widow, Maria Colfax ,vard, and three children, a son and two daughters, to cherish his memory and honor his name. DR. JOHN WARD HoPPER was the only son of Dr. Henry A. Hopper and Maria Colfax ,vard and the third and last in line of this noted family of physicians. He was born at Hackensack, on November 101 1856, and he was graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1876 and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of that city in 1879. \Vhile pursuing his studies in the medical school, he took a special course in microscopy, and for some time made many of the microscopic tests in Dr. Alonzo Clark's office. As a student he was diligent and earnest and gave thorough attention to all branches of his profession, particularly surgery, to which he was especially devoted and it was his expressed intention, after having given a few years to general practice, to devote all his time to that special department. He was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity, President of the Bergen County Medical Society, and a member of the Second Reformed Church. After his graduation at the head of his class in 1879, he was for eighteen months on the Surgical staff of Roosevelt Hospital. Then Dr. Henry Sands asked him to take his Quiz-class, the first time he had giv ,VILLIA~I SICKLES BANTA is a direct descendant of Epke (Egbert) Jacob Banta, who ,vas born in Harlengen, ,vest Friesland, Ho1land, and sailed from Amsterdam in the ship De 'frow, for America, February 1, 1659. He settled within the then bonnds of Bergen County, N. J., and near the present Northern line of Hudson County. He was one of the Judges of the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1679. Jan (John), one of his descendants in the fourth generation, located at Pascack, \Vashington 'l'ownship, about 17 50 and died there. He died leadng a large tract of ]and which was diYicled among his children, one of whom was Hendrick. Hendrick died February 15 1 1803, leaving a large landed estate which was divided among his five sons, one of whom was Henry H. Banta, born September 30, 17841 the father of \Villiam Sickles Ranta. In these early times every person was a busy worker and producer. The thrifty hahits of the Dutch and the necessities of the times founded and fostered these conditions. Every man was the master of some work or trade. Every woman was a thorough worker with the needle and spinning wheel. No one in honesty could live by his wits or speculate uponthe rise and fa11 of .wheat or stocks. \Vorkers, not idlers, were the manly examples of that generation. \Ye find, therefore, from the economies and necessities of our ancesters four of the sons of Hendrick Banta became tradesmen. One made a novel departure for those early days by removing to the city of New York and there engaging in business. In connection with trade ,vas added the work of farming so that by either or both occupations a comfortable provision for life was made. In accordance with the st_ern and heroic spirit of that age, Henry H. Banta, one of these five sons, learned the trade of shoemaker. This trade was soon abandoned and his active life was devoted to his farm and merchandise. .For several years at Pascack he engaged in the business of a country merchant in connection with his farm. His store supplied the wants of a large neighborhood. In 1832 he removed to Hackensack and with his brother Tennis engaged in general mercantile business under the name of H. H. & T. Banta until his death in February, 1849. He was Postmaster of Hackensack for several years, was Adjutant of the New Jersey State Militia, was a J nstice of the Peace and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the County of Bergen from 1829 to 1834 and from 1838 to 1848. He was warmly and personally attached to the Dutch Church at Pascack and on his removal to Hackensack, to the Dutch Church on the Green. He was interested and by his personal influence greatly instrumental in the enlargement of the cemetery connected with the Church on the Green and also in the enlargement of the church edifice. He had a warm interest in every matter tending to the best welfare and improvement of Hackensack. Our beautiful State Street mainly owes its existence to his active energy after long, bitter and expensive litigation. Henry H. Ranta married Jane Sickles, daughter of ,vmiam Sickles, of Rockland County, N. Y. She was born January 19, 1792, and died September 2 1 1870. She was descended from Zacharias Sickles, who was the common ancestor of the Sickles family in and about New York and Albany. He wag born in Vienna, Austria, went to Holland and from thence to Curacoa, one of the Dutch \Vest Indies, and served there in the military ra•1k of cadet. He here met Governor Peter Stuyvesant and came with him to New York in 1655. Soon after he was attached to the garrison at Fort Orange (Albany), and in 1693 returned to New York. The Sickles family by companionship and intermarriage with Dutch families soon became the same as if these common ancestors had been born on Holland soil. The ancestors of the Sickles family if not of Holland birth was by adoption thoroughly Dutch. WiUiam Sickles Banta, the son of Henry H. and Jane Sickles Banta, was born at Pascack, Bergen Cottlilty, N. J., on December 12, 1824. As we have seen, the Banta family settled in Bergen County, Jan (John) Banta of this family removed to the northern part of the same County and settled in the beautiful valley of the Pascack. Here the old ance.~tral home is still nestled upon the western hillside of the valley and the Pascack river is still gently flowing through it. A short distance north of this old Homestead and upon part of the Banta estate ,vrniam S. Banta was born. Modern but barbaric innovations have blotted out the name of Pascack as a place from the map of the State and from the records of the Post Office Department of the County. In a few years the ancient and unique name of Pas·cack as a place will be a matter of doubt and the oldest inhabitant will only recollect it as a misty tradition of the past. It is, however, pretty certain that the river running through the valley will retain the Indian and baptismal name of more than two centuries of Pascack until it ceases tq flow and until the springs and fountains of supply have dried up from the earth. Hail Pascack, if not the HON. MANNING ~I. K~Al'P. (I >eceased.) THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. 107 place-the river, now and forever. He was educated in the public schools of the County and was prepared for college in the private classical school of Re\'. John S. ~[abon, at Hackensack. He entered Rutgers College in 1841 and was graduated in 1844. He commenced his law studies in the office of A. 0. Zabriskie, of Hackensack, afterward Chancellor of the State of New Jersey. He was admitted to the Bar of New Jersey as an attorney in 1847 and as a counsellor in 1851. He was appointed a Master and Examiner in Chancery, a special ~laster in Chancery and a Supreme C0urt Commissioner. He was Superintendent of Public Schools in the township of New Barbadoes, and afterwards was appointed one of the Board of Examiners to examine and license applicants for the position of teachers of the Public Schools in the County of Bergen. In 1855 he was the candidate of the \Vhig party for the office of County Clerk of Bergen County. The county was very strongly Democratic and he was defeated by a very small majority. In 1860 he was again a candidate for the same office and was again unsuccessful. In 1869 he was the candidate of the party for State Senator and failed of election. In 1862 a call for men was made on the State of New Jersey by the General Government to aid in suppressing the existing rebellion. A draft for men was ordered and he was appointed by Charles S. Olden, Governor of New Jersey, Commissioner of Drafts for the County of Bergen, He made an enrollment of all persons in the county liable for military duty. An eminent physician, Dr. Charles Hasbrouck, was appointed to examine such enrolled persons who presented themselves for examination and exemption. Many examinations and exemptions were heard during a series of meetings. A red hne was drawn upon the enrollment through the name of each person who was exempted by the physician. The day for the draft had been fixed and was drawing near. The people in all parts of the county displayed serious and painful uneasiness, from which resulted the general volunteering of all the organized military companies of the county to enlist for nine months in the United States service. The quota of Bergen county was filled, and the draft suspended. These companies were taken and transferred to General Halstead, at Trenton, and formed the greater part of the Twenty-second Regiment of New Jersey. In 1860 he was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for the County of Bergen and reappointed in 1865. In i868 he resigned the offic_e. During his term two homicide cases were tried. In one case death sentence was passed. This sentence was, however, changed to imprisonment for life. A few years ago death ended this service. In the other case a. verdict of murder in the second degree was rendered and a sentence of ten years' i•.nprisonment passed. A cattle poisoning case created a very great and unusual interest and excitement in the County Court during his term. He was collector of Internal Revenues for the County of Bergen during the war period and many thousand dollars found their way to the United States Trea~tiry from the county. He was President and Treasurer of the Hackensack Gas Light Company for many years, also Secretary and Treasurer of the Bergen County Mutual Fire Assurance Association. He formed one of a commission to grade and pave the sidewalks of the village of Hackensack under an act of the Legislature, and was one of the first members of the Hackensack Improvement Commission. He was much interested in the proper development of the village, and with a few of its citizens, more than twenty yur.rs ago, caused several streets to be surveyed and laid out by the proper author ities. These streets were for the far future. The streets so projected and laid out were Union Park, First, Second, Prospect and part of Central avenues. One of these streets has not yet been put in proper repair. In 1872 be was appointed Law Judge of Bergen County, succeeding Judge Ashbel Green and filling out an unexpired term, and in 187 3 he was appointed for the full term of five years. In 1879 he was appointed an Associate Judge of the Lower Cottrts for five years. For several years he was one of the .Managers of the :Morris Plains Asylum. Judge Banta married Sarah, daughter of John and Caty Ann (Hopper) Zabriskie, of Hoboken, in 1850, who died in 1853, leaving a son who died in infancy. He married her sister, Adelia, in 1861, who died in 1869. In 1876 he married Jane Anne, daughter of Abraham H. and Maria (Anderson) Berry, of Hackensack, and a lineal descendant of John Berry, one of the original patentees of Bergen County. WILLIAM WILLIAMS was born in London. England, April 21, 1818. His father, William Williams, a g(·!ltleman of means, came to this country with his family in 1830, and, after some time spent in tr~iV<·'in;;, settled in what is now Ridgefield Park. From early life, \Villiam \\Tilliams, Jr., devoted ~ir., ::::If to study and began to teach while he was still quite young. In 1857 he founded the 108 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. J. Classical and :\Iathematica1 Institute at Hackensack, where students were prepared for college. His earnestness, enthusiasm and discipline rendered the school famous. His love for mathematics led him to stucly and later to practice civil engineering. This work was so engrossing that he was obJiged, much to his regret, to discontinue his educational work. At the organization of the Hackensack Improve ment Commission he was appointed Town Surveyor, a position which he held until his death. In all questions relating to division of property, depending on the tracing out of old lines, he was a recog nized authority. His interest in educational matters continued, and when, in 1876, he was appointed Trustee and District Clerk of District School No. 31, he raised the standard of the s~hoo1 so high that it was not surpassed by any in the state. In religious work he also took a prominent part, being Treasurer of the Bergen County Bible Society and Secretary of the Bergen County S, S. Teachers' Association for twenty years. His death, which was due to pneumonia, occurred after an illness of five days, on October 17, 1888. JOSEPH :M. KNAPP was born at Hackensack, October 20 1 18561 an Jersey City. After the death, in 1892 1 of his father, to whom he was clevoted]y attached, he declined in health and finally was unable to resist the encroachment of the disease, which by his long absence in another climate it was thought had been adverted, :\Ir. Knapp was a man of fine character and attainments, and but for his delicate health, wouJcl have surely achieYed distinction in his profession. ~I.ANNIN'G )I. KNAPP was born at Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey, June i, 1825. He read law at Newton in the office of the late Col. Robert Hamilton, and was admitted as an attor1wy in July, 1846, and as counseJior in January, 1850. In the winter of 1846 he came to Hackensack and entered upon the practice of Jaw. ln 18501 the late ChanceJior Zabriskie, then Prosecutor of the Pleas for Bergen County, removed to Jersey City and consequently resigned his office. Chief Justice Green, who then presided at the Bergen Circuit, appointed )Ir. Knapp to prosecute for the State until that office sho1ild be fi11ed under the constitution, In February, 1851, he was appointed for a full term by Governor Fort, and held the office under that and subsequent appointments until February, 1861. At the same time he was acquiring an extensive practice in the civil courts of the County and State in which he assumed a high rank. Upon the election of Judge Bed1e to the office of Governor, a vacancy upon the bench of the Supreme Court ar0se, and the Governor promptly appointed ~Ir. Knapp as his successor, this was in January, 1875. The Judicial District presided over by Judge Bedle embraced the Counties of Hudson, Bergen and Passaic. The work had become too onerous for one judge and in the same year Hudson County was set off as a district by itself, and to this new district Justice Knapp was assigned by the Suptemc Court, and continued to preside there until his death, although always retaining his home in Hackensack. He was very assiduous in the performance of his duties, which by reason of the growing population of the district, were very arduous. He gave great satisfaction to the Bar and to the public, and his death, on January 26, 1892, while in the discharge of his judicial functions, caused universal sorrow thr::rnghout the State. 'l'he following resolut_ions reported by the Bar of the State to the Supreme Court and reportecl in Volume 54 of the New Jersey Law Reports~ are rt once a just estimate of his character and a proof of the deserved esteem in which he was held. "The Bar of this State, in expressing to the court the universal sorrow felt at the pathetic death of Mr. Justice Knapp, while in the THE HISTORY OF HACKJ:.'NSACK, N. ]. 109 our juridical annals. A judge must be able and just. J udgc Knapp was more. He was distinguished by a breadth of information as great as it was unobtrusive. But beyond the respect an felt for him as a judge, was the affection which he inspired as a man. His tolerance, his patience, his kindness of heart and his perfect sincerity endeared him to us, and made his sudden death a personal loss to all who come in contact with him. In recognition, as well of his eminent judicial service of seventeen years, as of his kindly, lovable character and blameless life, we ask that this expression of our feelings be recorded in the minutes of this Court." In politics the Judge was a Democrat, but he neither sought nor held public office apart from his profession. '!'hat profession was the limit of his ambition. In 1850 he was married to Anna Mattison who survfres him and •-;till makes her home in Hackensack. She was a daughter of the late Capt. Joseph 1Iattison of the United States Navy, and was born in \Voodbridge, :\Iiddlesex County, New Jersey. 'l'wo children, R son and a daughter, the issue of this marriage, the elder, Anna l\I., wife of ,valter V. Clark, of Hackensack, and the younger, Joseph ::\I. Knapp, elsewhere mentioned in this work, have died since their father's decease. RO:MEYN.-In contributing a brief sketch of the origin of the name Romeyn, as it is related to the history of Hackensack, it is undertaken with a great deal of hesitancy, and if there are disputed points they will be omitted. The name seems to be so linked with Hackensack, that it seems proper to trace the origin of the name Romeyn, Romayn, Romaine, Romain, evidently one name. 'l'he sketch must be brief. The writer is unable, unfortunately, to credit each authority. :\Inch data was laboriously gathered by .Major Henry Romeyn, U. S. A., lately retired, whose family is in :\Iichigan, descendants of the Rev. 'fhomas Romeyn, son of _Rev. Thomas Romeyn, Sr. He had intended p.tblishing a full history, but the memoranda was lost while being transported on a steamboat, which foundered in the ~Iississippi River. (Valentine's :\Ianual, 1863, is referred to, and notes from manuscripts and documents found in Rongham, by Rev. Dr. Augustus Jessopp, :.n 1878, and other source::;, and reference is also made to the History of the First Reformed Church of Hackensack, of which Re,•. Theodore B. Romeyn, D.D., was author, published in 1870.) Prior to the middle of the thirteenth Century, Giacomo de Ferentino, an Italian gentleman, settled at Rongham :Manor, Norfolk, England, married Isabella de Rucham, a lady of that place: by whom there were two sons, Peter and Richard (or Thomas). 'l'hey were sent to Rome to be educated. After their return, Peter, at least, took the surname of Romaeyn (Peter the Roman). Although educated for the priesthood, he married the daughter of Thomas de Lekester. Her mother's name was Agatha de Cringleforcl, of Norfolk. Peter Romaeyn devised property, made out leases, granted "chnrters," many of which still exist over the name assumed by him. His widow. sold the property at Rongham in that name. In the third year of Edward II., A. D., 1387, Thomas Romayn was Lord l\layor of London. His arms (foreign) not granted in England. Described in the register "Argent' (white) on a fesse gules (red) three crosses pater or crest, a deer's head Erased. Soon after the abo,·e date, troubles broke out between the king and the house of Leicester (see History of England) and many of the Leicester family and adherents were forced to flee the kingdom, and it is probable, though not a part of family history, that some of the Romayn's went to the '• low countries" at that time. There is a claim made that the name in France is spelled Romaine, in England, Romain, and in Holland, Romeyn-the latter we know to be a fact. Jan Romeyn, of Amsterdam, Holland, was a descendant of the Romeyns who went from England to the low countries, he had three sons, Simon Janse, Christoffel and Claas or Klass. (Note.-In Valentine's :Manual, 1863, is the facsimile signature of Simon Jansen Romeyn, 1661, in the Dutch Church records of New York is the marriage, 1668, of "Simon Jansen Romeyn, young man from Amsterdam and Sophie Jans, maiden from the Hague.'') Christoffel and Claus sailed from Rotterdam for Brazil with the expedition of Prince llaurice. \Vhen Brazil was ceded to Portugal, they sailed for New Netherlands, and settled on Long Island (there is a dispute as to the elate, some claiming 1654, others 1661), then removed to Hackensack, N. J., remaining about ten years, anc1 later to Greenwich, on the island of New York. Claus married Christianje or. Styntie Albertse Terhune, May 2, 1680, of Amsfort (now Gravesend, N. Y.), and died at Greenwich, N. Y. His sons wereGarrebregt, (,1) John, Elizabeth, Lydia, Albert, Cora and Daniel. Daniel married in Hackensack, May 17 1 1716, .Martie (Mary) \Vestervelt. 110 THE l/lSTORY OF Il,lCKh1.VSACK, N. J. (a) JOHN RoMEYN (of Holland) married Lammatje Bougeart at Hackensack~ in 1699. Of this union there were also seven children, (b) N1cnoLAs, Roelif, Isaac, Aquietjin (David), Rachael (Berdan), Asseltjin (Van Voorheest). At this point it may be opportune to produce the names that belong under this head, as they are foun (b) Nicholas Romeyn was born in 1700, died 1763 1 married Elizabeth Outwater, 1726, who died 17 32. His second wife ( 17 33) was Rachael Vreelandt, who died in 1761. The issue by his first wife was: (c) Rev. THOMAS RmrnYx. By his second wife, John, born 1734. The latter first married Julia and second Lady :Mary \Vatts. Issue Eliza (Simmons), John and the Rev. ·Theodoric (Dirk) Romeyn, D. D., born 1744, died 1804, who married Elizabeth Broadhead. The latter was pastor of the Dutch churches of Hackensack and Schraalenburgh about ten years. The pastorate beginning ~fay, 1776. He is largely quoted, and in the list of names of distinguished personages, he is considered one of the prominent American theologians. (c) Re,·. Thomas Romeyn (see Corwin's ~fanual) was born at Pompton, ~larch 20, 1729, and died October 22, 1794. He graduated from the College of New Jersey, 1750. Studied theology. After preaching a few times on Long Island, he went to Holland in 17 52 for ordination, and was settled at Jamaica, Long Island, until 1760. It is said that the spelling of the name Romeyn was adopted in this form from his researches in Holland. Prior to that, the name was spelled in several ways; but his information obtained in Holland led him to a certainty that "Romeyn" was the proper spelling, and it is in that form to-day in Holland. He married twice, first a Margarita Freelinghuysen, June 29, 1756, who died at Jamaica, December 13, 1757 1 leaving a son, Rev. Theodore F., who died at Somer ville, N. J., 1785. Secondly, Susanna Van Campen, whose ashes rest in the graveyard of the old Church on the Green, in Hackensack. He died at Fonda, N. Y., October 22, 1794, and was buried under the pulpit of his church. The issue was: (Rev.) Thomas, Nicholas, Abraham, Rev. John Broadhead, at one time pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York (Dr. HalJ's), Benjamin and (d) Rev. James Van Campen. (d) Rev. James Yan Campen Romeyn, was born at Minsink, Sussex County, N. J., November 15, 1765, died at Hackensack, June 27 1 1840, and was buried in the old Churchyard on the Green, by the side of his first wife. He attended the Schenectady Academy, 1784. Studied theology under Rev. Th~odoric (Dirk) Romeyn, his uncle. He was a trustee of Rutgers College. He had several charges, the last of which was the Reformed churches of Schraalenburgh and Hackensack from 1799 to 1833. ",vithout ever having seen or heard him, he was called to the distracted churches of Bergen County, N. J ., on the ground of his reputation as a man of forbearance, discretion and piety," Taylor's Annals, Sprague's Annals. He married twice, Susanna, a daughter of Maus Van Vranken, of Schenectady, and Mrs. Elizabeth Pe11, who survived him. There was a family of two sons a-nd seven daughters, Susan (Zabriskie) born 17901 died 1868, Harriet (Stafford) born 1792, died 1849, Anna Maria (Varick) born 1794, died 1855, Rev. James Romeyn, D. D., born 1797, died 1859, Anna (Taylor) born 1800, died 18681 Eliza (Herry) born ..1803, died 1849, Caroline (Danforth) born 1807, died 1845, Theodore, born 1810, died 1885 (Lawyer, Detroit, Mich.), Sarah (Hornblower) born 1814, died 1874. They resided on the property now owned by the Oritani Field Club, in Hackensack. About 1827 he lived in the homestead now occupied by Hon. \Vm. S. Banta, Main street, where most of his daughters were married. In l833 he erected the house, just north of the latter an Main street, now the property of Mr. 0. 0. Shackleton, where he died. REV. JAMES ROMEYN was born at Blooming Grove, N. Y., September 30, 1797. He graduated from Columbia College in 1816, and from the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J., in 1819. He declined the title of Doctor of Divinity bestowed on him by Columbia Co11ege. He was settled at several places-was pastor of the First Reformed Church of Hackensack from 1 ~33 to 1836; was el~cted a trustee of Rutgers College in 1842. He married Joanna Bayard Rodgers, HON. WIU,IA~l M. JOHNSON. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 111 daughter of John Richardson Bayard Rodgers, M. D., a leading physician and professor in Columbia Col1ege, New York. There were two sons, James Rodgers and Theodore Bayard Romcyn. Mr. Romeyn was a man who threw his whole energy into his labor. He was a student and very precise in his work; an exceedingly rapid speaker and there are those who remember him to-day who rapturously speak of him as a wonderfully powerful preacher. His nature was exceedingly sensitive; hut his physical strength was not equal to the mental strain, always at a high tension. His manner of writing his sermons was most remarkable-a few are in existence-the mamts\..:-ipts are written so fine and condensed that they cannot be read without the aid of a strong magnifying glass. ,vhile in Hackensack he resided part of the time in the parsonage of the First Church, on Essex street, and part of the time on the southeast corner of Main and \Varel streets. He died at New Brunswick, N. J., in 1862, and his ashes mingle with his kindred dust. REV. THEODORE BAYARD RO~IEYN, D. D., was the second son of Rev. James Romeyn. He was born at Nassau, N. Y., October 22, 1827. He attended school at Hackensack and other places. He graduated from Rutgers College with the distinction of the Honorary Oration in 1846, and from the Theological Seminary at N cw Brunswick, N. J., three.years later. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Rutgers College. He was called to preach Christ at Bfawenburgh, N. J., near Princeton, immediately after his graduation, where he labored with a united people who reverence his memory and treasure his ministrations among them. He responded to a call from the church of his Fathers-the First Reformed at Hackensack-in 1865, where for twenty years he labored "faithful unto death." He was a man whose retiring tendencies were predominant. He despised shams, and when once his mind was made up there was no compromise. He inherited a keen sensitiveness from his father. He carried the joys and the sorrows of his congregation, sharing with each member, especially in their sorrows. He was exceedingly sympathetic and his charity was a marked feature of his life, though the left hand knew not the gifts of the right. He was the embodiment of faithfulness, ne\·er shirking ch:ty, but many were the occasions when, physically incapacitated, he responded to the calls of his parishioners, and was present at the post of duty, in the vineyard of his ~laster, which was al ways his pleasure. He was a close and persistent student, a deep thinker, eloquent in his discourses, fervent in his labors and ardent in effort to lead the erring into the paths of rectitude and to the Throne of Grace. Dr. Romeyn had been on a longer vacation than he usually indulged in and among the scenes of his boyhood, near Catskill, N. Y. He come home upon a Friday evening, the following morning the ~laster called-he was stricken with paralysis. His illness was of but brief durntion, in a few hours he had .passed into the holy atmosphere of the Delectable :Mountains, August 18, 1885. His body was laid in God's acre, hard by "the old Church on the Green," from which pulpit with an unfaltering zeal he had proclaimed the unspeakable truths of his Redeemer. The following is quoted from a biographical sketch in the memorial volume published by the consistory. "It is also worth a passing notice to observe the large ministerial circ1e of which he was a member by family ties. His maternal great-grandfather was Rev. John Rodgers, forty-four years pastor of the ,vall Street Presbyterian Church, New York City. * * * His paternal grandmother was a sister of Rev. Nicholas Van Vranken. In these several bnnches of relationship there are found nearly or quite forty names of those who have devoted th,_·msclves to the ministry of the Gospel, and of this number, three-quarters belong to the Romeyn family." Dr. Romeyn married Amelia A. Letson, daughter of Johnson Letson, Esq., of New Brunswick, N. J. Mrs. Romeyn survived her husband a few years and was called home October 22, 1897. The issue was Mary Letson Romeyn, who died in infancy, and James A. Romcyn, surviving. JAMES A. ROMEYN-As the facts relati11g to the name Romeyn have been gathered and compiled by him whose name heads this paragraph, he prefers to close the biography for the present, to be written under his name when he is dead. The writer, however, has no right to overlook one fact. Having been brought before the public in the position as Editor of The Bve11i11g .Record, a daily paper published in Hackensack, which place he has filled for over two years, it is proper that there be a recognition and acknowledgment to a generous public in the magnanimous support accorded that enterprise, and in the hearty appro,•al and nssistance he has received, all of which is 112 Tlll:.' 11/STORJ' OF ll:lCKBNSACK, N. ]. met by a full and abiding appreciation. In the publkation of the above article, an endeavor has been made to be brief and concise, to write history rather than eulogy. It was necessary to confine attention to the gencological line direct. It was at first intended to follow the collaternl branches of that portion of the family, even remote, where there was any local significance, but the task was such that the article would have nm into pages, so it was abandoned. There is in the writer's possession, in manuscript1 a comparati\•ely full family tn·e showing the collateral branches. The undersigned is enabled to contribute to this ,,·ork the faces of his father, grandfather and great-grandfather and with his own making the four geJJerations. The first three have made their history and claimed their reward, where true merit claims it own-with the fourth, there is ample time for the biographer, who when the opportunity shall be presented-well, may he be able to make a good report. J. A. RmrnYN. GEORGE HYDE FISHER, clergyman, was born in New York City, May, 1803. He was prepared for college at the private school of :\Ir. Nelson, a widely known instructor who was totally blind. After completing his academic education, he ent,~red Columbia College from which he was graduated, and subsequently became a trustee of that institution. In 1825 he was graduated from the Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J., and during the same year was licensed to preach the Gospel. Dr. Fisher ranked as one of the distinguished ministers of the Reformed Church. He was a man of ripe scholarship, extensive knowledge, and of more than average pulpit ability. He took an acth·e part in the work of the denomination, and during his pastorate of the Broome Street Church in New York City, he was for a number of years corresponding secretary to the Board of Domestic :\Iissions. He was especially noted for his wisdom and tenderness among sick and afflicted, to whom he was truly a son of consolation. As a member of church courts, he was most valuable from his thorough knowledge of the constitution and his familiarity with custon1s and usages. Throughout his whole life he conducted himself as an earnest and conscientious minister of the Gospel; and in his death, which was a triumph of Christian faith, he showed himself a true Christian. Dr. Fisher was twice married; in 1825 1 to Catherine, daughter of Staats \"an Demsen, of New Brunswick, N. J.; and in 18.p, tv ~!rs. Catherine Van Buren, daughter of J.C. Hodgeboom, of Ghent, Columbia County, N. Y. In 1861 he retired from the acth·e duties of the ministry and took up his residence in New York. In 1864 he accepted a call to the Second Reformed Church of Hackensack. In 1870, on account of failure of his health, he resigned his call. He died in November, 1872. ABRAHA:\I D. CA~IPBELL was born at Pascack (now ,vooclcliff), Bergen County, N. J., October 19, 1841, and died at Hackensack, October 6, 1896. His parents were David A. Campbell and Sally Hari11g, the former was born at Pascack, Bergen County, N. J., January 10, 1812, and died there June 20, 1893; the latter, a daughter of Abraham Haring, was born at Scotland Mills, Rockland County, N. Y., :\larch 6, 1814, and lives at the homestead at Pascack. His paternal great grandfather, John 1 a Scotchman, together with two brothers, came to this country prior to the Revolutionary ,var. John, settling at Closter, on the Hudson River, one brother at or near Rahway, N. J., and the other, Archibald, at Hackensack, N. J., where one of his sons, Robert, in his time was a prominent lawyer, and became possessed of a large tract of land, a portion of which is now included in what is now known as '' The Green;" another portion is occupied by the County Court House and other County buildiqgs which are distant about 200 yards from the homestead lately belonging to the subject of this sketch. 'fhe homestead is situated on a tract of about ten acres, at one time the camping ground of the "Hock-in-Sock" Indians; evidences of which are plentiful in the quantity of the tomahawks, stone hatchets and nrrow-heads and clam and oyster shells which have from time to time been unearthed. Among the collection of curios of the deceased is a diary on the leather cover of which is written in a bold hand "Robert Campbell, 1769," and which contains entries made by Archibald Campbell and his sons George and Robert. The oldest entry in the diary is under date of January 18, 1769. One of the entries is as follows: "New York :q, March 1769 Received from Mr. George Campbell the sum of sixty-five 10-16 pounds in ,vampon, and the balance of his act in casn the sum of twenty-eight pounds five shillings and nine pence which is in full of all accounts to this day. ALEXANDER Ro111NSON. ,,· ABRAHAM l>. CA~f PBI~l,I,. {Deceased.) TIJB HISTORl' OF HACKB.VSACK, N. ]. 113 Shortly after the Revolutionary ,var, John Campbell moved from Cl ,ter to Pt·arl River, then known as ":\Iuddy Brook" (a misnomer either then or now), near the born lary betwten the counties of Bergen, N. J., and Rockland, N. Y., and afterwards to Pascack in J',ergen County, where he established the business of manufacturing wampum or Indian ornaments wi: 1 which ht, and, in turn, his son, Abraham, and his grandsons, John A., James A., David A. an : Abraham A. supplied agents and traders. \\.. hen a 1;d with whom this industry originated is, in -ome degre,~, a mystery, but was doubtless suggested to John Campbell by the rough beads he had cen wrought by Indians from clam and oyster shells. John Campbell had eight children, all of wi )111 settled in different parts of Berg~n and Rockland counties except ,vmiam, who went to ~Iichigar.. Abraham Campbell, the grandfather of Abraham D., was born October 13, q82, and died :\larch 6, 1847. After the death of his father, John, he continued the manufacture of wampum, and also establishecl, at Pascack, a foundry and blacksmith shop, and had the reputation of having made the first ir,Jn mould-board plow, and being the owner of the first iron-springcd wagon in that section. He married ~Iargaret Demarest, a daughter of James Demarest, the owner of the only grist or tlour mill optrate and equally divided the profits up to the time of the death of John A., who died July 8, 1887 1 shortly after the death of James A. David A., as before stated. was born Jannary 101 1812, arid died June 20, 1893, and Abraham A., the youngest and on!y sur\'iving child of Abraham, was born November ,W, 1815. Abraham, the father, served in the war of 181.2, at Sandy Hook, and his flint-lock musket, powder horn and knapsack used at that time arc in pcssession of the family of Abraham D. Campbell. He was one of the founders and builders of the Reformed Church at Paseack, and during its early history and up to the time of his death, his house was the stopping-place of the pastors, who, on their circuits, came there to preach. David A. Campbell, as a carpenter, pursued his trade for a short time in the city of ?'\ ew York, and afterward at the place of his birth. A bout 1850 he and hb brother, James A., -itl\'ented a machine for drilling wampum, which previous to that time had been done by hand, an exceedingly tedious process. 'I'hc drilling machine was not pttented, and none of the six machines at one time operated has ever been seen by other than a ~hoscn few members of the family. Alt of the many secrets connected with the manufacture of wampurn, now a substantially extinct business, were studiously kept within the family. It is said that the only complete set of wampum was in the possession of Abraham D. Campbell. It is a set composed of twenty pieces, showing alt the various forms and stages, and is the i-;et that was on exhibition at the Exposition at New Orleans, in 1885 and 1886, and was awarded a "Diploma of ~Ierit." 1Iajor Campbell, as he was generally called, was a man of genial disposition, with hosts of friends and universally respected. He was what has come to be known as a self-made man. It was much against the wishes of his father that he prepared himself for and entered the legal profession, as the choke of the father was that he should enter the ministry, or else some mercantile pursuit. His eariy education up to his eightt ·nth year was acquired at the little red school house standing at the edge of the graveyard in the rear ,f the Reformed Church at Pascack, in which many of his ancestors have their last resting place. . \ fter leaving this school, he taught school in the adjoining neighborhoocl, then known as "rashingto 'lVille, and after that, for a few months, attended one of the public c,chnols in Hackensack. He en-, creel the New Jersey State Normal School at Trenton, February 18, 1861, and with the highest rwerage of his class, was graduated January 22, 1863. He taught school until July 1, 1865, and l August 15 1 1865, entered the law office of the late Col. Garret Ackerson, Jr., at Hackensack, was lmitted as an nttorney-at law, June 3, 1869, counsellor-at-law, June 6, 1872 and commissioned as a Master in Chancery by Chancellor A. 0. Zabriskie, June 14, 1872. At the December term, 1 ,72, he was appo.inted by Justice Joseph .D, Bedle to act as Prosecutor of the Pleas, in the County of Bergen, during that term, and Septemoer 1, 1870, was appointed by Govt:rnor Theodore F. Randolph to hold the same position until the end of the next session of the Legislature. April 5, 1871, he was l' )mmissionecl by Governor 114 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. Randolph for a full five years' term as Prosecutor of Bergen County; resigned November 10, 1874, and was appointed by Justice Joseph D. Beclle to act during the December Term of Court, 1874. He was appointed to the same position by (;overnor Joseph D. Bedle, and commissioned March 18, 1875, reappointed at the end of the term and commissioned by George B. McClelJan, .March 18, 1880; appointed and commissioned by Governor Leon Abbett, ~larch 18, 1885, and reappointed March 18, 1890, by Governor Leon Abbett, and, serving to the end of his term, made a total term of service of Prosecutor of the Pleas of the County of Bergen of twenty-five years and a few months. He was elected II Township Superintendent of Publk Schools,'' in the Township of \Vashington, in ~larch, 1863, and served the term of such office. He was elected a member of The Hackensack Improvement Commission, :\lay n, 1874 1 bnt declined to serve. From June, 1891, he served for two years as Chairman of a Commisson to "revise and consolidate the general statutes of the State relating to villages, towns and townships." His only military record was that in connection with the National Guard of the State of New Jersey. He enlisted in Company C, 2d Battalion, N. G., N. J., October S, 1872 1 was commissioned Quartermaster of the Battalion, with rank of First Lieutenant, January 14, 1873; as Captain, March 15, 1876; served during the railroad strikes in New Jersey in 1877, and retired with rank of Bre,·et-)Iajor, December 16, 1890. He was politica11y a Democrat, and was very influential in his party, but never held or sought for any prominent polit:cal position except that of Prosecutor. He was a man of retiring disposition, exceedingly reticent, even his closest friends knowing little or nothing of his affairs. He had no prominent associations with societies or institutions, but was a mem her of several beneficial orders nncl political clubs. On September 22, 1869, he married Ann E. Hopper, daughter of Jacob Hopper and Lydia Bogert, of Hackensack. There were fi,·e children, Luther A., a member of the Jaw firm of A. D. & L. A. Campbell, and who has continued the business since his father's death; Eva, David (now deceased), Harry (now deceased), and N. Demarest Campbell. LUTHER A. CA)! PB ELL, lawyer, was born at Hackensack, N. J., November 28, 1872. His father. the late Abraham D. Campbell, was for many years a resident of that region, he luwing held many positions of trust, prominent among them was that of Prosecutor. 'l'he subject of this sketch was educated in the Hackensack public schools, graduating therefrom in 1889. At the close of his school life he entered the law office of Messrs. Campbell & De Baun to prepare himself for the legal profession. After a studious application of four years, he was admitted to the Bar as an attorney, in February, 1893, after which his father and himsetf formed a co-partnership under the firm name of A. D. & L. A. Campbell, and which was continued up to the time of the decease of the former. In April, 1894, Mr. Camp• bell was appointed counsel to the Hackensack Improvement Commission, a position he still re tains. He is also counsel to several boroughs and townships in Bergen County. He is a promi nent Odd Fellow, being a member of Bergen U'THER A. CAllPBELJ,. County Lodge and No. 73, Hope Encampment. Mr. Campbell married ~fiss Mae E., daughter of Richard P. Paulison, Esq., of Hackensack, N. J., April 22, 1896. One child, Ruth De B., has bee., born to the union. Professionally and socially Mr. Campbell is universally popular. As a lawyer 1.hh ability has been signally shown by his building up a large and lucrative law practice. THE HISTORl' OP HACKENSACK, N. J 115 JAMES M. VAN VALEN, lawyer and jurist, was born at Teaneck, N. J., July 21, 1842. He is descended from old Holland stock. His paternal great-grandfather served in the Revolutionary Army with great distinction. He died in 1820. His son, James Van Valen, grandfather of our subject, died at the age of twenty-six, The father of our subject, Cot nelius Van Valen, was born at Closter, Bergen County, N. J., May 21, 1786, and was a farmer by occupation. At the age of nineteen the subject of this sketch left school, and like many other young patriots in that trying time, went to the war and served in the Army of the Potomac. At its close he came home and engaged in the book business in New York City, where he remained until 18681 when he engaged at school t<:aching, and which he subsequently followed for five years. Finding the latter not so congenial to his tastes! he entered the office of Garret Ackerson, Jr., and studied law, In ,875 he was admitted to the Bar, and the same month formed a partnership with Mr. Ackerson, which lasted until that gentleman's death in December, 1886. Two years later (in 1888) he was appointed Law Judge of Bergen County. He at first declined the appointment, but at the solicitation of the Bar of Bergen County, who waited upon him and urged him to accept, he decided to do so; he serve<.1 the County in a manner so satisfactory, that he was reappointed five years later for a term of like period, which term expired in January, 1898. Judge Van Valen is a prominent Mason, and is a member of Pioneer Lodge No. 70. He has served as Master of that organization. He was for eighteen years a member of the Hackensack Board of Education, and it was largely through his instrumentality that the new school building was erected, He served as Chairman of the Board for a number of years. Judge V:m Valen is a member of the New Jersey Bar As5Jociation and has been a member of the Holland Society of New York since its organization. On April 5, 1898, he was elected Vice-president of the society. Judge Van Valen has always been popular po1itica11y and otherwise; and on more than one occasion his popularity has brought him at times the nomination for Senator as well as for Assemblyman, which at the time was equivalent to an election, but which he firmly but respectfully declined. ,Vith the National Guard there is no more popular officer. He has been connected with that organization since 1869, then as a private in a Leonia, N. J., company. In 1872 he raised Company Cat Hackensack, when he became First Lieutenant; he was rapidly pro moted to Quartermaster of the Second Battalion; then as Captain and Inspector of rifle practice, then Assistant Inspector General (ten years) with the rank of Colonel, In 1893 he asked to be retired. His request was unwillingly granted, for the National Guard was loath to lose his services. His retiremt.nt occurred July 5, 1893, with the commission of Brevet-Brigadier-General, which commission he holds to-day. Aside from being an able lawyer, Judge Van Valen has distinguished himself on the bench, in his party's estimation and in the National Guard, and better still, he has earned for himself an enviable reputation in his social surroundings, JOHN RATHBONE RAMSEY, lawyer, was bon1 at \Vyckoff, Bergen County, New Jersey, April 25, 1862 1 and is a son of John P. and Martha (Rathbone) Ramsey. He received a liberal education at the private school of Professor John JOHN RA'rHTIONE RAMSEY. C. Nash, in Parkersburg, \Vest Virginia. After leaving school he began reading law at Hackensack with the late Gt:orge H. Coffey and Abraham D. Campbell. At the November term, 1883 1 he was admitted to the Bar as attorney, and in 1887, February term, as counsellor. He immediately began the practice of l1is profession at Hackensack where he 116 TUE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. j. has a large and increasing clientage. Mr. Ramsey has always been an ardent Republican and in 1890 he became the candidate of his party for the office of County Clerk of Bergen Countr. He was defeated by only a small majority, althougt1 the County at that time was largely Democratic. 'l'he Republicans recognizing his wonderful strength again nominated him in November, 1895, for the same office; he was elected by a majority of 961 over his opponent, ,valter Christie. He is tlrn present incumbent of that office. PETER \V. STAGG, Prosecutor of the Pleas of Bergen County, N. J., and a well known and prominent member of the bar, was born in New York City, October 24 1 1850. His boyhood days were passed at Cresskill, Bergen County, N. J., where he attended the public schools. He continued to reside at that place until 187 5, when, for a short time, he removed to Jersey City, and afterwards to Hackensack, where he has continued to reside for the past twenty years. In ~lay, 187 5, he entered (as a student) the law office of the late Charles Scholfield, of Jersey City, where he remained two years, after which he entered the law offices of Ackerson & Van \'"alen, in Hackensack, and continued with them up to the time of his admission to the New Jersey State Bar at the June term, 1879. In 1883, June term, he was admitted as a counsellor-at-law. Immediately after his admission he opened an office in Hackensack. He at once attained a high place in his profession, and acquired a clientage that would have been sufficient to engross the entire time and attention of a less energetic man. In 1891-92 ~[r. Stagg filled the position of Assistant Clerk of the House in the New Jersey Assembly. In 1895 he was appointed Prosecutor of Bergen County by Governor "Terts. He was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, which then had a Republican majority. From the time ~Ir. Stagg became ProseLi'~or, besides con ducting- the ordinary criminal business, he has succeeded in dridng out the .·1•>t0rious green goods and pool room gangs that so infested Bergen County, up to the time he took hold of the reins of the Prosecutor's office. Mr. Stagg is a if member of several organizations, more prominent an~ Jng them being the I. 0. 0. F., of which he has been Grand l\Iaster of the State. In 1897 he had under his care and jurisdiction two hundred and forty-nine lodges in various parts of New Jersey, which had a membership of twenty-five thousand Odd Fellows. On January 14 1 187 51 Mr Stagg married ~liss Jennie E. ,v estervelt, of Bergen Fields, N. J. Five chidren have been born to the union, the oldest of whom, Arthur A. Stagg, is in his father's office. HON. \VILLIAM D. SNo,v, lawyer, was born in :\fassachusetts, February 2, 1832. He was educated at the Brandi of University of Michigan, at Romeo, before the consolidation of that Univer sity at Ann Arbor, and graduated at tweuty-one. He studied law at Dixon, Illinois, under the late Attorney General of Illinois, Edson. He estab lished at Detroit in connection with Josiah i~now (his father' ~he Detroit Tribune, still one of the _ .. HoN. WII,LIA~I o. sNow. leading Rt 1 ulican journals of the \Vest. In addi- tion to his professional duties as a lawyer, he was associate Editor of that paper for several years . .d.S a result of strong convictions he became an ardent anti-slavery advocate, contributing largely to the magazines and journals of that day, occasionally indulging in poetry. From the "Autographs of Freedom," published in New York, 1854, We extract the closing lines of a poem on "Freedom," which attracted considerable attention at that l'FTL', oR \\' '•S'l'A GO. THE HISTORY OF Il,1CKHNS,1CK JV. /. 117 time, five years prior to President Lincoln's election, and, later, when in 1865, it was observed that the lines we quote seemed almost prophetic of the bloody closhg of the Anti-Slavery question and of the coming and death of Abraham Lincoln. Extract from a poem on FREEDOM. And thou, my country, latest bo~1•. of time! High-Heaven's almoner to a world oppressed, Dearest of all, of all the r.ost sublime! Who in the march of nations led the rest! How long shall patriots own, with blt:,!1 ol shame, Will there no Gracchus in thy senate stand So foul a blot upon so fair a name ? And speak the words that millions should command? How long thy sons with filial heart~ de _pl ore, No Clysthementhe 'neath thy broatl arched dome, A Python evil on thy Cyprean shore '! Predict the fortunes with the crimes of Rome? What! and wilt thou, the moral Hercules Shall time yet partial in his cycling conrse, Whose youth eclipsed the dream of Pericles, Bring thee no Pox, no Pitt, no Wilberforce ? Whose truncheant bands, heroically caught, Still must thou live and corybantic The following is in another mood: COMPRICARI. HYMN. 'J'DIE, CHRISTMAS, 'l'u:-rn, NETTLETON, Children of 'J'hy loving kindness Teach us, not in hurtling thunder, Father, lo! we come to Thee, Nor in skies by tempests stirred, Conscious of our human blindness, Rending earth and air asunder, Asking to divinely see- Are Thy footsteps only heard; See, Thy ways are peace and pleasure, But with tenderness inspiring, See the right and spurn the wrong, As the years in silence roll, See in Christ the priceless treasure Still Thou walkest, never tiring, Which inspires each Christmas song. By the altars of the soul, God of might! who through the ages Lead ns to the pleasant valleys Still bath blazed on rock and sky By Thy beck'ning hand in sight; All the power which priests and sages Lift us, when the darkness rallies, In Thy sacred books descry; In Thine arms, 'l'hou source of light! God of Christ and revelatiot~ ! As we tread Thy world of beauty Lord of love and nature's framl! ! Older growing in its wild- Touch us with supreme elation- In each act of love and duty, Crown us with Thy spirit's flame! Keep us each a little child. Hless, oh bless! with full fruition Every holy aim and thought; Make our lives an intuition From the Saviour's teachings caught, And, oh Father! when the narrow Realm of earth we shall resign, Make us each, the cared for sparrow Turn our water into wine. In 1860, before the war, Mr. Snow settled at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and during the election of 1860 was the chosen political correspondent of Mr. Lincoln, as to the sentiments, tendencies and prevailing opinions of that section in the contest then going on. As a known Union man, :\Ir. Snow was selected to represent the County of Jefferson, in the Constitutional Convention of Arkansas, which resulted in the establishment of the first Free State Constitution in any of the so-called Seceded States. The United States l\Iilitary authorities, in the chaos of public opinion on the question of reconstruction, had prejudiced President Lincoln against the elections for free state officers, ordered by that Convention. At this juncture, l\Ir. Snow was requested by l\Ir. Lincoln to come to \Vashington and explain the action of the Convention, and the state of public opinion in Arkansas. After two interviews with l\Ir. Lincoln on February 15, 1864, Mr. Snow returned to Little Rock, Arkansas, with the following document: To I. Murphy, Provisional Governor, Arkansas.-My order to General Steele about an election, was made in ignorance of the action your Convention had taken or would take. A subsequent letter to General Steele, directs him to aid you in yonr plan and not to thwart or hinder you. Show this to him. A. L1NcoLN, 'fhe elections were held in .March following, resulting in an overwhelming majority for the Union cause. The Free State. Constitution was carried by 10,000 majority, and Arkansas was the first State from the Confederacy to return to the Union, on a free and unbiased vote of its people. Isaac Murphy, the only man who had voted "No" on the Ordinance of Secession, in the Convention which assumed to take the State out of the Union, was elected Governor and the Legislature subsequently elected Mr. Snow for the long term to the United States Senate. It will be recollected''that the last public speech made by Mr. Lincoln, a few clays previous to his assassination, was a plea for the re-admission of Arkansas to the Senate and that it was in this speech in illustrating the sound policy of encouraging the new Union Government, that he used the homely but effective simile: "that it was always better to hatch the egg- than to smash it." The Senators from Arkansas were accorded seats in the Senate, but their credentials were retained by the Judiciary Committee, pending the intense excitement growing out of the differences of Congress with President Johnson on REUBEN ~I. HART. THE HISTORY OF HACKHNSACK N. ]. 119 reconstruction and on the passage of the final reconstruction measures, Mr. Snow declined a re•election and settled in Brooklyn, for the practice of his profession of law in New York City. Commencing in 1871, Mr. Snow passed two years in Paris, studying the Civil law. In 1875 he was made an L. L. B. of Columbia College, N. Y., and the same year was admitted to the New York Bar. In 1882 he was elected Secretary and Counsel to one of the large New York Trust Companies, necessitating a special devotion to Mercantile, Trust and Corporation law, until he resigned in 1888 to take up a general practice. During the Civil "'ar l\lr. Snow acted in the capacity of Volunteer Aid to General Powell Clayton and Major-General Fred. Steele, was present at several battles in those successful Commanders' careers, and was largely instrumental in enlisting and org-anizing three regiments of native Arkansians for the Union Army, more than 900 strong each. For that service he was tendered an appointment by Governor :\Iurphy, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers, which he declined, pleading want of educated military knowledge sufficient to undertake the responsibility of that office, in a contest already organized, going on and calling for immediate action. Mr. Snow has a son and son-in-law in the United States Army, graduates of ,vest Point. His religious faith is that of the Unitarian, and he is President of the Unitarian Congregational Society of Hackensack. His habits are retiring, studious and domestic. His only clubs have been the Lawyers' Club, the Ilu11ion Club of New York and the Oritani of Hackensack. He has amused himself during a long lifetime in the intervals of his professional duties by the study of natural philosophy, and is the inventor of several successful inventions. His Thermostat is regarded as the most reliable and sensitive of that class of instruments before the public, and there are said to be in New York City alone more than forty thousand of his invention for equalizing the pressure of gas, independent of the pressure at the holder. In 1894 Mr. Snow was admitted to the Bar of New Jersey, thus making him a member of the Bars of three States. Having resided for more than twenty years in the northern part of the County of Bergen, while practicing law in New York, ~Ir. Snow, in 1896, determined to give up his New York practice and make his home in Hackensack; since which time he has confined his practice, by preference, to the Courts of New Jersey, looking forward to the passage of the remainder of his life in the midst of his New Jersey friends, and in his profession and its activities at Hackensack. "" ALTER J. TICE, President of the 1'ice Towing and Transportation Company, was born at Croton-on-the-Hudson, New York, l\iay 28, 1842, and is a son of John and Margret ('Villiams) Tice, the former having been born at Croton in 1810, and died at Yonkers, New York, in 1896; while the latter was born near Peekski11, New York, in 1817, and died at Yonkers in 1891. The subject of our sketch was educated in the public schools of his native place, and at an early age followed the steam boating trade on the Hudson River. He is now President of the well known Tice Towing and Trans portation Line, whose main offices are located at No. 1 Broadway, New York City. l\Ir. Tice has been a resident of Hackensack for the past five years, where he owns considerable property. In July, 1870, Mr. Tice married l\Iiss l\Iinnette L. Vance, of Yonkers, New York. 1'hree children have been born of the union, two of whom are living, Charles J., who is engaged in business with his father, and Ada. In social life at Hackensack, Mr. Tice and family are prominent and popular. JAMES ,v. GILLIES was born at Haverstraw, Rockland County, New York, February 5, 1860, and is of Scotch ancestry, as the name indicates. He attended Rockland College at Nyack, New York, and was graduated from that institution in June, 1881. After leaving college he accepted a position as purser on a line of steamboats running between New York and Peekskill, his father, Mr. James ,v. Gillies, being one of the largest stockholders of the company. He remained there three years and then became acting Captain on the steamer Rosedale and Idlewild, running between New York and Coney Island for two years, when his father purchased a large tract of brick property at Hackensack. l\Ir. Gillies retired from the river serYice and located at Hackensack, where he took charge of the ouilding and afterward of the operating of the brick manufacturing business, which he has carried on since 1884. In 1888 his father died, after which he came into possession of the property. In 1889, Mr. Gillies married l\Iiss Kate Munn Lilburn, only daughter of Major Adam Lilburn, of Haverstraw, after which he went to Hackensack to live, residing 011 Hudson street for three years. 120 THE JI/STORY OF HACKb"'.VSAC-K, N. ]. On account of his extensive brick interests in Haverstraw, and of the death of his father-in-Jaw, he afterward was compelled to return to that place to reside. iir. Gi11ies is a Republican in politics. He has been tendered political favors for office, but has always dedined to ncccpt. He is· a director of the Hackensack Bank, and is a ~Iethodist b,•. persuasion. His father, .Jolm ,v. Gillies , Esc1 . ' was a prominent brick manufacturer of Haverstraw for more than fifty years. JACOB H. FANK, Postmaster, was born at Hackensack, N. J., August 17, 1855. He attended the public schools until he was fifteen years old, when he became a telegraph operator in the employ of the Xew York and N"cw Jersey Railroad Company. After filling similar positions with the New York, Ontario and \Vestern, and the New York, Susquehanna and "'estcrn Railroads, in 1875 he returned to Hackensack. In 1879 he engaged in manufacturing cigars at No. 71 ~Iain street. In 1882 Mr. Fank organized the Alert Hose Co. In 1883 he disposed of his cigar factory and resumed his former vocation of telegraph operator, accepting a position ,Yith the \Vest Shore Railroad Company, 1884 with the Long Island Railroad, at Brooklyn, N. Y. In 1885 he resigned his position and again returned to Hackensack, engaging in the grocery business, which he conducted unti1 1896, at which time he was appointed to his present position, that of Postmaster, by President Cleveland. In 1887 ~Ir. Fank was elected Chief Engineer of the Hackensack Fire Department, and in 1888 was re-elected to succeed himself. He has sel'\·ed four years as Tax Collector. He is a member of Pioneer Lodge, No. 70, F. & A. ~L; Uhland Lodge, No. 177, I. 0. 0. F.; and Hope Encampment; Hack ingeshacky Tribe, No .. 189, I. 0. R. )I.; Court of Hackensack F. of A.; the A.O. U. "·· and Exempt Firemen Association. He is Secretary of the Hackensack Firemen Insurance Asso ciation; Vice-President of the State Exempt Firemen Associa tion of New Jersey; :\laster \Vorkman of Hackensack Lodge, No. 64, A. 0. U. ,v. He is also a member of the Kalamazoo Band; Alert Hose Association, and is L. A. \V. local consul. On December 71 1879, he married :Miss Thresa ~Iattjetscheck. They have two children living, a son and daughter. In poJitics, :\Ir. Fank is a Democrat. 1 " ILLIA:\I ~f. JOHNSON, lawyer and legislator, was born in Newton, Sussex County, N. J., in 1847. He comes JACOB H. FANK. from a family well known in the annals of the State and his father, " 7hitfield S. Johnson, served as Secretary of State, from 1861 to 1865. Mr. Johnson was educated at Princeton College. He read law with the late Judge Scudder, of Trenton, and was admitted to the Bar as an attorney in 1870 at Trenton. He was in practice there four years. In 1874 he permanently located at Hackensack, N. J. Since then he has been very active in the profession, and is recognized as one the ablest lawyers in his section of the State. In politics ~Ir. Johnson is a Republican, has been a member of the Republican State Committee, and in 1888 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention that nominated Harri~on. In the development of the town in a business way and in various enterprises all o,·er the country, Mr. Johnson has been conspicuous for many years. He is a director in the Hackensack Bank and in the Hackensack Cemetery Company. He is treasurer of the Hackensack Heights Association, the Dundee Chemical \Vorks of Passaic and of the Ohio and Indinna Torpedo Co. He served four years as a member of the Hackensack Improvement Commission. In educational and religious affairs he has been equally active, and has been a member of the Hacken sack Board of School Trustees, and is a director of the Washington Institute. He is a member and otficer of the Second Reformed Church of that place. In 1872 he married Miss \Vhite, of Tretiton, and two children constitute his family. The elde-st is George \V. Johnson, a student at Princeton Co11ege, and the other is \Vm. Kempton Johnson, a student at the Classical school of Paterson. Mr. ERNEST H. KOESTER. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 121 Johnson's three offices are located in the Hackensack Bank Building, and here he commands a very large general law business. He is an attorney of marked ability in many different departments of the profession, and is equally sttong in office business and as a jury lawyer. Personally, Mr. Johnson is one of the best citizens of Had,ensack, and is much esteemed on all sides as a public spirited gentleman and a man of true worth. In 1895 he was elected Senator from Bergen County, and has taken an active and conspicuous part in legislation, and during the legislati\·e session of 1898, was leader of his party in the Senate. ABRA~[ DE BAUN, lawyer, was born in Rockland County, N. Y., in 1856. His parents remoyed to Hackensack when he was but four years old. He rccei\·ed a liberal education at the Hackensack Academy. from which he was graduated in 1873. Immediately thereafter he began studying law in the office of the late A. D. Campbell. He was admitted to the Bar of New J c 4 sey as an attorney at the June term, 1S79, and one year later as Counsellor. In 1880 he became a law partner of Mr. Campbell. He kept up the connection until 1893, at which time he associated himself with his present partner, Milton Demarest, Mr. De Baun held the important position of Clerk to the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Bergen County, during the years of 1878 to 1895 1 inclusive. He was a member of the Hackensack Impro,·ement Commission for a period of one year, being treasurer of that body. He is counsel to the Hackensack l\Iutual Building and Loan Association, having officiated as such ever since its organization eleven years ago. :\Ir. De Baun's legal practice is almost entirely confined to managing estates, real estate law and counsel to township organizations. He is a prominent member of the Royal Arcanum and Legion of Honor. Mr. De Baun married :Miss Lydia B., daughter of Henry ,v. Christie, Esq., of Hackensack. Mr. De Bann's father, the late Rev. John Y. De Baun, was pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church of Hacken sack for twenty-six years. He is remembered for his good deeds and Christian excellence. ERNEST HENRY KOESTER, lawyer, was bocn at Norristown, Montgomery County, Penna., April 28, 1858, and is a son of Godfriend F. and ABRA)l DE BA l'N. Mary B. Koester, whose family resided in that section of the State. Mr. Koester attended the public schools at Philadelphia, and at the Academy at Saegertown, Penna., until he was seventeen years of age. He afterwards entered Allegheny Co11ege at Meadville from which he was graduated, receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. :\[. He then went to Heidelburg, Germany, where he completed his_ education at the celebrated Heidelburg University. Returning from abroad he began the study of Jaw with Hon. H. L. Richmond, of :\leadville, ancl was admitted to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1881. He immediately began the successful practice of his profession at Meadville, and in 1888 was elected District Attorney of :McKean County, Penna., for a term of three years. In January, 1895, Mr. Koester removed from his native State to New Jersey, and on June 6, of the same year, was admitted to the New Jersey Bar. Mr. Koester is a thirty-second degree Mason, and is a member of Bergen County Lodge, No. 73, I. 0. 0, F. Politically he is a Republican. He gives strict attention to legal business and is regarded as one of the best criminal lawyers and safest counse11ors in his section of New Jersey. In 1884 Mr. Koester married ~liss Ida, daughter of Hon. Alonzo I. ,vilcox, of Elk County, Penna. They have two interesting children, a son and daughter, aged ten and seven respectively. 122 TIIB fl/STORJ' OF HACKl:.'NS,lCK, N. ]. CORNELIUS \V. BERDAN, lawyer, was born in New York City, December 24, 1850. \Vhen a small boy his p:1rents removed to the locality in New Jersey now known as :\Iaywood. He attended the district sclwol for a while at Spring Valiey. In 1862, his father, the late James Berdan, died, after which his wido\\·ed mother removed to Hackensack, where our subject contittued his studies at the public schools. He then became a pupil at \Yilliams' pri,·ate academy until the age of se,·enteen. :\fr. Berdan then obtained a mercantile position in New York, which he continued to fill until he was twenty-three years old. He then decided to de,·ote his energies to the legal profession, and began his studies in the law office of the late ~fanning :\I. Knapp. He afterwards continued his course with the late Garret Ackerson, Jr., with whom he remained until 1878, when he \\·as admitted to the Bar. He has contined to practice his chosen profession in Hackensack ever since. Mr. Berdan is a member of Pioneer Lodge Xo. 70, P. & A. :\I., and of Royal Arcanum. On October 15, 1879, he married Miss :\Iary l'., daughter of John C. O'Connor, Esq., a prominent citizen of .Milford, Connecticut. One daughter has been born to their union. :\Ir. Berdan attends Christ Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a man of strong con\'ictions and has cle,·oted much of his time to promote the cause of good government through the instrumentality of his party. DA \''ID D. ZABRISKIE, lawyer and jurist, was born in Bergen County, N. J., November 27, 1856. He is a son of John C. and Jane D. Zabriskie, members of the old family of that name who have been prominent in the annals of Bergen County for two hundred years. The subject of this sketch was graduated from Rutgers' College in 1879, and began studying law in the offices of Collins & Corbin, at Jerscy City, and attended Columbia Law School in New York City. In NoYember, 1882, he was admitted to the bar as an attorney, and in June, 1889, as counsellor. 111 January, 1898, Governor Griggs (now Attorney General of the United States) appointed him Judge of Common Pleas Court of Bergen County. His commission was issued April 1, of the same year, by Governor Voorhees, who succeeded Gov ernor Griggs. After receidng his commission, Judge Zabriskie immediately thereafter entered JUDGE DAVID o. ZABRISKIE. upon the dischar_ge of his duties. In 1894 and 1895 J uclge Zabriskie served as a member of the legisla ture of New Jersey from Bergen County. During the year 1896 and 1897 he was County Counsel. He still maintains offices if! Jersey City and Ridgewood, but has recently opened chambers at Hacken sack. Judge Zabriskie married :Miss Elizabeth S., daughter of Isaac and Mary (Runyan) Suydam, of New Brunswick, N. J. 1.'hey reside at Ridgewood, N. J., where they are prominent in social life. HENRY D. \VP!'T'ON was born February 14, 1848, and has resided in Hackensack since 1861. In 1863 he commenced learning the printing business in the office of the JJcrgcn Co1mlJ 1 Democrat, which was owned by his father. He was thoroughly taught the business, and in 1870 formed a partnership with his father under the firm name of E. \Vinton & Son. In 1871 he purchased his father's interest in the newspaper plant, and up to the present time has been the owner and publisher of the newspaper. '!'he business has been succt·ssfully managed and has been made a Yaluable piece of property. In politics :Mr. \Vinton has always taken an acth•e interest, his position as Editor of the party newspaper in Bergen County requiring an intimate knowledge of party movements. In 1880 he was elected a delegate from the Fifth Congressional District to the National Democratic Convention, CORNEJ,IVS \\'. BERDAN. THE HTSTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 123 which was held in Cincinnati, and in 1896 was again chosen a deiegate from the same district to the National Convention which met at Cl~icago, and which culminated in the nomination of )[r. Bryan. ~,Ir. ,Vinton was one of the committee of five, of which ex-Gov. Russell, of )Iassachusetts, was chair man, who represented the "gold" States in the Convention in opposition to the movements of the ''silver" wing of the party. At the termination oi the Convention tlH Btrgo1 Cou nt;1 Dcmoaat was placed in opposition to the nominee of the Cotwention and supportt-d Palmer and Buckner. )Ir. ,Vinton was chosen chairman of the State Committee of the Sound )loney Democracy, and performed the duties of the position during the campaign. In 1880 he was elected Senator from the County of Bergen in the Legislature of New Jersey, and in 1894 was re-elected Senator for a further term of three years. This is the only instance of the re-election of a Senator from the County, and is a strong endorsement of the record which the Senator made in his first term. The active work in politics has been given up, and the subject of our sketch is content to rest on his political laurels. )Ir. ,vinton was Clerk of the House of Assembly in 1884, and one of the members of the Board of )Ianagers c.,f the ~ ew Jersey Lunatic Asylum at :\I orris Plains. The "dual" system of management of this institu tion, by which the medical and business depart men ts were separated, is the work of the late Dr. Theodore Yarick, of Jersey City, and :\Ir. ,Vinton. The system is working successfully and is generally used throughout the country in institutions of this character. GEORGE ,v. CONKLIN, cashier of the First National Bank of Jersey City, N. J., was born at Hackensack, January :q, 1846, being the son of Robert and Catherine (Inglis) Conklin. He was united in marriage, April 14, 1869, to Martha, daughter of Peter Gand and Jane V. Doremus, of Jersey City. The children of this union are Ella Doremus, wife of Charles \V. Ter hune and Charlotte Louise (deceased). He received a careful education at ,vashington Insti tute and later in the private classical school of the late \Villiam ,vmiams. In March, 1861, he entered the law office of the late Hon. Charles H. Voorhis, in Jersey City, with .W.llQJµ he remained one year. In April, 1862, he accepted a position with the Mechanics and Traders' Bank of the same city; GEORGE \\'. CONKJ.rn. he remained with that institution until it closed its business career, December 31, 1864. On January 1, 1865, :\Ir. Conklin became identified with the First National Bank of Jersey City, ·as assistant book-keeper; he was promoted to the position of general book-keeper in February, 1871; assistant cashier, in April, 18741 and in 1879 he was elected to his present position of cashier. :\lr. Conklin is a member of Bergen Lodge,. No. 47, F. & A. )[. (Jersey City); Bergen Chapter Royal Arch :\Iasons; a member of the Palma, Union League and Carteret Clubs, of Jersey City; Vice-president of the People's Gas Light Co., (Jersey City) and Director of the Hackem;ack Gas and Electric Co. He was a member of the Hackensack Improvement Commission for three years, was for two terms President of the Oritani Ji'ield Club and has h:~r~n Vice-president of the Hackensack Building and Loan Association since its organization, also Treasurer of th~ Hall and Armory Association and President and Treasurer of Conklin Bros. Co., since the formation of each. Mr. Conklin has for many years been Treasurer of the Children's Friend Society of Jersey City and is an elder In the Second Reformed Church of Hackensack. In Hacken~:ick, where he has resided the last fifteen years, he is regarded as one of her most progressive c~tizens. 124 TIIB IllSTORl" OF IIACKENS,lCK, N. J. CAPTAIN ANORE\V C. ZABRISKIE was born in New York City, ~fay 30, 1853, being the soil of Christian A. Zabriskie and Sarah J. Titus. His grandfather, Andrew C. Zabriskie, was born at the ancestral home at Paramus, New Jersey, and after luving amassed a fortune in business in New York, returned to Paramus, where he lived to a good old age. He had three sons, Christian A., ~Iartin and John Jacob, and one daughter, ~fa ti Ida ~Iary, who married Martin E. Greene. Of the sons, John Jacob was well known throughout Bergen County, living at Hohokns and owning a cotton mill there. ~Iartin, who changed his surname to the original Polish name of the family, Zborowski, lived in New York, and although by profession a lawyer, abandoned practice in early life, and devoted himself to real estate itwestments, which have since proved immensely valuable. His children are Anna, wife of the Comte de :Montsaulnin, and Eliott. Christian A. Zabriskie w&s also ,·cry well known throughout Bergen County, as he spent m'llch of his time at the family place at Paramus. He married Sarah Jane Titus and had three children, Eleanor Gardner (died in infancy), Andrew Christian, the subject of this sketch, and Sarah Titus. ~Irs. Christian A. Zabriskie's parents were Captain \Villiam M. Titus and :\!aria Gardner, the daughter of Thomas Gardner, who resided at Paramus, and was noted for his great wealth and somewhat eccentric disposition. It was a frequent incident for Captain and ~I rs. 'l'itus to dri\·e out from New York in their carriage to spend the clay with :\Ir. Gardner, and so early did they sometimes start that often would they see the sunrise from \Veehawken Hill. ~Irs. Zabriskie, then a young girl, often accompanied them, little thinking that sixty years later, the Bergen Turnpike, over which she drove, would have c.s its President and controlling stockholder, her son, who is the subject of this article. Captain Andrew C. Zabriskie, although at no time a resident of Hackensack, is well known, not only from his position as President of the Bergen Turnpike Company, which is a very ancient institntion, having been incorporated in 1802, with Colonel John Stevens, of Hoboken, as its first President, but also from his lai·ge interests in real estate in the vicinity. A predilection for military matters seems to have been inherited, for his grandfather, Andrew C. Zabriskie, was Adjutant of the Squadron of Horse of the County of Bergen, and his grandfather, \Villiam :\I. Titus, after serving in the \Var of 1812, became Captain in the Eleventh Regiment, New York Artillery. \Vhen scarcely twenty years old he enlisted in Company B, Seventh Regiment, N. G., N. Y., and after serving over seven years in that organization, was elected Captain of Company C, Seventy-first Regiment, N. G., N. Y. Subsequently he was appointed Inspector of Rifle Practice on the staff of the same regiment. Resigning in 1890 he_ was again elected to his old command a few years after, and brought his company up to a great state of efficiency, inspecting 100 per cent. He finally resigned in 1897, after a military experience covering nearly a quarter of a century. Captain Zabriskie belongs to the ~[etropolitan, City, Army and Navy, ::Military and Church Clubs, as well as to the Holland Society, the ~Iilitary Society of the "'ar of 1812 and the Veterans of the Seventh Regiment. In religion he is an Episcopalian, being a member of the Church of the Incarnation, and a delegate to the Diocesan Convention from that church. He is a tnanager of St. Luke's Hospital, a trustee of the Sheltering Arms, the Children's Fold and the Arch deaconry of New York. He is als') treasurer of the American Church ~Ii_~sionary Society and the House of Rest for Consumptives. Since boyhood he has been a co1lector of coins and medals, and is active in the affairs of the American Numismatic and Archicological Society, of which he is the Presi dent. In 1895 he married Frances Hunter, youngest daughter of the late Charles F. Hunter, Presi dent of the People's Bank of New York, and Juliana M. \V. Zabriskie. Her grandfather, George Zabriskie, was a native of Hackensack, but passed most of his life in New York. For some years, howe,•er, he was a resident of Hackensack and was one of the lay judges of Bergen County. Mrs. Zabriskie·s grandmother was Susannah \"an Campen Romeyn, a daughter of the Rev. James Romeyn, so well-known in Hackensack and vicinity in the early part of the century. Captain and Mrs Zabriskie reside at No. 2 ,vest Fifty-sixth street, New York, and frequently pass the summer at their beautiful country place just o,•er the Canadian line in Lake Memphremagog. Here they own a large island called Province Island, embracing over one hundred acres. They have one child, a daughter, Julia Romeyn Zabriskie. l\Irs. Zabriskie is much interested in various charities, and her charming person ality endears her to a large circle of friends. She has great musical ability and is a ski11ec1 pianist. Captain Zabriskie devotes his time to real estate interests and other business enterprises. He has an office at No. 52 Beaver street, New York, and is ably assisted in his operations by 1\lr. \Villiam A. Paepke, who is known in Hackensack as treasurer of the Bergen Turnpike Company. CAPT. AXDH.EW' C. 7..\ BRISK m. THE HISTORY OF E!ACKBNSACK, N. j. 125 JOHN DUNLOP, retired silk manufacturer, was born in 18291 at Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he resided until 1848 1 when at the age of nineteen he came to America. Twelve years later, in 18601 he married :\liss Jeannie Beveridge, of Oneida County, N. Y., and nine children have been born to them, Jeannie (now deceased), George, Agnes, wife of Frederick \V. Cooke, of Paterson, Donald, Nellie, wife of Rev. Albert Bacon, of Niagara Falls; Jessie, ~lay, Beveridge and Elsie. At the begin ning of the Civil \Var, in 1861, Mr. Dunlop was engaged in business on the :\lain Plaza at San Antonio, Texas. Notwithstanding his bm,iness interests being in the South, he espoused the cause of the Cnion, and on the night of December 17 1 1862, he was compelled to seek refuge in l\lexico, or otherwise join the Confederate forces. Leaving 1·:s young wife and little daughter, Jeannie, he crossed the Rio Grande at Eagle Pass, his family joining him the following month at Piedras Negras. They proceeded to :\Ionterey, and thence to :Matamoras, where Mr. Dunlop was made bearer of despatches to the United States Government by :\Ir. Pierce, the American Consul at that place, and also an old friend of :\Ir. Dunlap's. Thirty days afterwards found Mr. Dunlop in \Yashington, where he delivered his despatches, and held a long interview with President Lincoln, relative to the sending of an army to western Texas-a plan which the President favored and purposed to carry out as soon as troops could be spared from Virginia, and at his request ~Ir. Dunlop agreed to accompany the army. Awaiting this call ~Ir. Dunlop, in the fall of 1863, took up his residence at Paterson, N. J., where he purchased extensh·e lumber yards located on a site, a portion of which is now occupied by the present passenger station of the N. Y., S. & \V. R. R., and placed his wife's father in charge, holding himselt in readiness for the trip to Texas. But fate decreed that he was not to return to his old home, as the plan of sending an army to Texas proved impracticable at that time and :\Ir. Dunlop therefore engaged in the silk business in Paterson and erected a large plant consisting of two extensiYe mills located on Straight street, which he continued to operate successfu1Iy for many years. In 1887, after leasing his mills at Paterson, he removed to Rockland County, N. Y., where he erected an extensh·e mill and which he operated until about seven years ago, at which time he retired from acth·e business, being succeeded by his sons, George and Donald. During his long, honorable career, :\Jr. Dunlop's name has alway~ been a synonym for integrity, fair dealing, promptness, energy nnd business capacity and he is a representative of the class who have done so much toward bettering the conditions of ·mankind. He has built himse!f a beautiful home on Hackensack Heights, where he resides in comfort and ease. TEUNIS A. HARING was born in \Vashington township, Bergen County, N. J., November 19, 1842. He is a son of Abraham B. Haring and Polly Hopper (daughter of Andrew P. Hopper), and is of Dutch extraction on both sides. The Haring branch of the family is traced back to Peter Haring, of North Holland, who came to America in the early part of the se,·enteenth century and settled in New Amsterdam, and later at Tappan, Rockland County, N. Y. On March 24 1 1686, sixteen farmers joined in applying to Governor Dougan, who had been appointed Governor of the province of New York, for a grant of land substantially coincident with the present town of Orangetown, N. Y., among them being Peter Haring and his son Cosine. 'l'hey were successful and their grant was called Tappan, or Orangetown Patent. One of the conditions in the patent was, that the patentees should pay annually to the representative of the English Crown in New Amsterdam, ;, sixteen bushels of marketable wheat." Abraham B. Haring, father of our subject, seventh in lineal descent from his ancestor (Peter Haring), was born :\lay 201 1811 1 and died February 21 1 1895. By occupation he was a farmer. He always took an acth·e part in all public and political affairs and was influential in the councils of the Democratic party, ot which he was a member. He was ~10110red by his townsmen with positions in the Board of Chosen Freeholders and in other '-apacities. He sen·ed as Sheriff of Bergen County from 1S53 to 1856, and also sen·ed two term , a member of the legislature of New Jersey in 1864 and 1865. Teunis A. Haring was educated in the district schools and followed the avocation of a farmer most of the time up to the Fall of 1889. At the age of nineteen he enlisted in the Twenty-Second New Jersey Volunteers and participated in the battles. of Fredricks burg, Chancellorsville and the \Vilclerness. He is now a prominent mem her of Gabriel R. Paul Post, G. A:. R., being a Past Commander, and is the present Adjutant of same. From tht time Mr. Haring reached his majority he has always taken an active part in public affairs, and in the councils of the Democratic party. He was elected School Superintendent of Harrington 126 TliE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. Township when he was twenty-two years old and held that position until the office was abolished by an act 1.,; the Legislature. He was elected and served three years as Collector, and also six years as Assessor of same township. In the Fa11 of 1889, N. C. Demarest, then Sheriff of Bergen County, met with a tragic death. The September term of court then being in session, and it being necessary that a Sheriff should be appointed without delay, the members of the Bench and Har of Bergen County unanimously recommended the name of ~Ir. Haring to Governor Green. On September 26 he received the appointment and at once entered upon the duties of the office. At the Democratic Convention held October n, t!1e same year he received the regular nomination and was elected the month following for a term of three years. At the expiration of his term, he was nominated for the office of Surrogate and was elected by a handsome majority. In 1897 he was again honored with the nomination for the same office, but owing to a combination of circumstances he was defeated by a small majority. On January 1, 1865, l\Ir. Haring married Leah Ann, daughter of John and ~Iargaret (Blauvelt) Bogert of "Old Hook," now Harrington Park. They ha,·e had two children, Mary Hopper, born ~lay 2, 1867, and who was married to \Villiam A. Blakeney, December 8, 1886. She died February 17, 1888, lea\'ing one child ~Iaucle, born January 20, 1888; J. Elliott Haring, born September n, 1869, who sen·ed as Deputy Surrogate for the term ending January 23, 1898, and is at present a'-sociated with ~Ir. Charles Conklin in the Real Estate and Insurance business in Hackensack. CORNELIUS B. DE~IARES'f, merchant, was born at Hackensack, X. J., August 31, 1855. He received his education at the public schools in his native place, graduating therefrom when he was sixteen years of age. On lea\'ing school he immediately began his business career with a wholesale glass firm in New York City, with whom he remained for three years. In ~larch, 1874, he accepted a position with his brother, Garret B. Demarest, who conclncted a grocery business at No. 58 Essex Street, Hackensack. In 1895 ~Ir. Demarest purchased the store and has since then conducted the business on his own account. On October 4, 1882, he married ~Iiss Ella M. Demarest. They have two interesting children, both of whom are sons. In 1894 ~Ir. Demarest was the Republican candidate for Collector of Taxes. He was elected by an overwhelming majority for a term of three years. So satisfactory was his administration of affairs, that at the expiration of his term he was renominated by the Repub!icans and recefred the cordial and unanimous endorsement of the Democratic party as well. He is now serving in his second term. ~Ir. Demarest is a member of the First Dutch Reformed Church of Hackensack, of which he has been a deacon for the past eight years. He is known to the community as a man of the strictest integrity and uprightness of character. MATTHE\V E. CLARENDON, merchant, was born in 1835, an DR. NELSON HAAS, educator, son of ~Iatthias Haas and :\lelincla Holgate, was born, August .3, 1838 1 at Chestnut Hill, city of Philadelphia. His father was of German descent, was a business NEl,SON HAAS. THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 127 man of strict integrity in that city, and for sixteen years a member of its Common Council. His mother was of \Velsh extraction, noted for her many liberal acts of kindness to the poor. His maternal grandfather was a prominent resident of Philadelphia, was a highly successful business man, and for seventeen years a member of the State Legislature. Two of his brothers, Edwin and Edgar, have spent their lives as educators; they founded the Hightstown Classical and Scientific Institute, and also the New Jersey Collegiate Institute at Bordentown, on a part of the old Bonaparte property. Nelson Haas received his early education in the schools of his native city, and began his profession of teaching at the age of seventeen, in the schools in the locality of his birth. In 18591 he became teacher of mathematics and physics in an academy at Port Gibson, Mississippi. Returning North, he, after two years' more service as teacher, was appointed Deputy Provost Marshal of the Nirith District of Pennsylvania, under A. \V. Bolenius, who was succeeded as Marshal by Thaddeus Stevens, Jr., during Mr. Haas' term of service. In the following spring he joined Company B, Ninth Union League Regiment, Philadelphia, as First Lieutenant, was shortly after made Commissary of the Brigade, and remained in the service until the close of the war. Prof. Haas studied law with Gen, \Villiam H. Miller, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and w:is admitted to the Rar as an attorney in 1868. He then removed to Stockton, California, where he opened a law office, but within a year the death of his father caused his return East. In 1871 he married l\liss Uary l\kQuaid, a college graduate of New York City. She died in ~-889. Their surviving children are Nelson l\l. and Edwin Percival, In 1892 he married his present wife, Miss Carrie \V, l\liller, of Asbury Park. In 1871 he became principal of \Vashington Institute, District Thirty-two, at Hackensack, and continued in that position for twenty-four years. Under his direction this school became recognized a5i the first and highest in point of proficiency in the County of Bergen, and one of· the best in the State. It is worthy of note that all cadets from this Congressional District who have graduated at Annapolis Naval Academy since 1878, and at \Vest Point since 1880, have been former pupils of Prof. Haas at the above named school. Upon the organization, in 1895, of a 11i~h school for the entire town, Dr. Haas was made its Principal, and in 1897 the additional duties of Supervising Principal of all the schools in the township were assigned him, which latter two positions he still holds. Dr. Haas is a member of Christ Episcopal Church, and was for a time one of its vestrymen; he has been a member of the County Board of Examiners of Teachers for twenty-five years; President of the Bergen County Te... chers' Association, and one of its instructors for ten years; member of the Council of Education of the State of New Jersey for several years; mem her of the State Teachers' Association, of the National Teachers' Association, of the State High School Teachers' Association, and of the New York Schoolmasters' Club for years. He also has been \Vorshipful l\Iaster of Pioneer Lodge, F. & A. l\l,, for four years; 11. E. High Priest of Bergen Chapter No. 40, R. A. M.; and Commander of James B. McPherson Post No. 52, G. A. R.; he is a member of the Masonic Veterans' Association.of the M. \V, Grand Lodge of F. & A. ~l., of the State; and also of the I. 0. 0. F. His ability and prominence as an educator led Rutgers College to confer upon him, in 1877, the honorary degree of Master of Arts;. and in 1894 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon·him by the same college. At the High School Commencement exercises in the Opera House of Hackensack, on· Jttne 22, 1897, a g\_>ld medal was presented to him as an evidence of the esteem in which he is held by the public County Superintendent Terhune making the presentation in the following words: "Another award not mentioned in the program has been quietly arranged for this evening, and as Chairman of the Committee on Presentation I will read the sentiment of the donors: 'This is the twenty-sixth time that Dr. Haas has presided at annual Commencements in Hackensack, and we have long realized how fortunate it was for the educational interes.ts of this town when he was engaged as Principal in 1871. A member of tlH· Board of Trustees of r 871 told me recently that the public school at that time was demoralized, and that private schools were in the ascendency. But, with a few rules and rulers ,•igorously applied, the insubordination soon disappeared, and the pupils began to respect their new governor as a powerful disciplinarian and a pleasing instructor, Those attending the pay schools deserted them in such numbers that those institutions were abolished! and they have ne,·er·re,•ived; while the public school continued to strengthen under the guidance of this educational giant, and many people became residents of the district solely to have their children under the magnetic inflnence of this great mind developer. Por several years, as a result ofithis high 128 THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. cultivation, this school has been a regular feeder for the United States Na,•al and Military Academies from this Congressional District; for the State Agricultural College and Normal School for this County and for many other high institutions of learning. It has also sent out a host of teachers imbued with the same spirit of success. For a11 these achievements, Dr. Haas has been repeatedly praised by the press, congratulated by his numerous friend~, admired by the profession, applauded by the youthful, and every time the school repeated its history, loud acclamations of joy were given in every part of the country, and re-echoed from the vessels, forts and colleges of our country, in approbation of the sturdy commander of never-failing Thirty-two. Is it any wonder that the people of Hacken~ack are so triumphant over their king of schools? Is it not time to pay homage to him whose pupils have been victorious in e,·ery engagement? \Vith the last two battles again in our favor, his multitude of friends decided that something more tangible than words should express their ardent regards, and to-night has been looked forward to with impatience by many who had planned this pleasant surprise for the hero of two school generations. I shall now carry ont the resolution to present him with a gold medal, emblematic of his work. Dr. Nelson Haas, it gives me great pleasure to present to you, in behalf of an admiring public, this gold medal, as a token of the high esteem that your brilliant record as nn educator has merited. The continuous honors awarded your pupils in all compctitfre examinations for a quarter of a century is unprecedented. May this souvenir remind you of those who rejoice with you this evening over such an illuminated history, the chronicling of which will be perpetuated by the talented minds that you have burnished.'" R L"EBEN ~I. HART was born in the Province of Quebec, Canada. He was educated in Nicolet and the Jesuit Colleges, taking his final classical studies in ~IcGill University, Montreal. A few years later, at the instance of his tutor (both parents being clead), he became indentured as a law student with the law firm of Rose & ~Ionk, :\lontreal. 'I'his firm at the time had the largest practice in Canada and went out of existence just as ~Ir. Hart was admitted to the Bar. Sir JamP.s Rose was appointed High Commissioner for Canada in international controversies and the Hon. Samuel Cornwallis Monk was elevated to the Canadian Bench. The subject of our sketch attended law lectures at Burnside Hall, :\lontreal, and although a close student, he never intended to practice. His partiality for literature had gained such an intluem.·e over him that he had concluded to abandon the career of a lawyer and devote himself to that study. Subsequently, however, at the instance of his friends, he secured a partnership with R. C. Cowan, a DR. CHARLES HASBROUCK.-:\lore than twenty years ago Dr. Hasbrouck ceased his earthly labor:; and entered upon the enjoyment and realization of the life beyond. In life he was a great and good man, and his death, even at this time, brings to everyone who knew him many interesting, HENRY C. BROWN THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. 129 touching and tender recollections. His character has had a lasting influence upon the community in which he Jived. He being dead yet speaketh. He was of a tall and commanding figure, finely proportioned and developed. His stalwart shoulders supported a massive head; e,·cn a careless observer would have selected him as a man of distinction and mark. The family of Hasbrouck trace its line of descend ants from Huguenot ancestry, who fled from .France into Germany, on account of religious persecu tion, and settled at Platz on the River Rhine. In 1660 they came to America and settled at \Vilt Wyke, now Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y. Subsequently a discovery was made of a tract of land on the ,v all Kill, to which was given the name of New Platz, and on which they settled. Charles Has brouck was born at Marbletown, Ulster County, N. Y., April 11, 1818, and was one of eight children, all distinguished for mental vigor. In early life he ga,•e evidence of a superior mind and a wonderful1y retentive memory. A former tutor said of him ' 1 During his recitations it was no unusual thing for me to send him to his scat for want of time to hear his lessons, page after page of which he was pre pared to render perfectly." He chose the profession of medicine and was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Fairfield, N. Y., in 1839. He finished the course before he was twenty one and was obliged to wait six months until he reached the legal age at which he could receive his diploma and practice. Deciding not to associate himself with his uncle, Dr. Matthew De \Vitt, or his brother, Dr. Moses Cantine Hasbrouck, be located at Schraalenburgh, N. J., as the active partner of Dr. Kipp, an aged practitioner there. After Dr. Kipp's cleath he associated with him Dr. John J. Haring. .Feeling tl1e wear of long rides incident to a country practice, in 1855 Dr. Hasbrouck removed to Hackensack, where he remained until his death, November 27, 1877. Dr. Hasbrouck ranked high in his profession. He was not satisfied to content himself with the practice and conclusions of the past, but kept himself well informed with a11 the progressive thought which science and discovery brought to his knowledge. He was not, however, carried away by e,·ery wind of doctrine, but proved everything by his own superior judgment and held fast the good. He lo\'ed his profession for the good there was in it, and for the good he could administer to suffering humanity. His marked specialty was obstetrics, and in this he displayed very superior skill. He had little ambition for eminence. It came unsought. He was happy and content in the large circuit of his practice. He felt and knew that his professional visits brought hope and comfort to the sick, distressed and dying. His presence in the sick room was as genial as a ray of sunlight in the early spring time. He was like the star of hope between the living and the dying. Many to whom he ministered felt that he carried in his right hand the secret of life, and that his skillful treatment of disease would avert the messenger of death upon another mission. This was the greatness and extent of his ambition, and surely it was enough. If he could have measured his own ability by the same measure his friends used, he would have been one of the foremost leaders in the practice of medicine. He made his patients' well-being his chief care: they were the objects of anxious thought. Their sorrows and infirmities he made his own, and, at times, was almost crushed by the burden and overcome by his feeling of sympathy and tenderness. He deeply realized that his mission was to bring healing and restore good health, and he bent all the resources of his mind and skill to the attainment of these ends. He was entirely free from egotism and selfishness. He did not pretend to know everything worth knowing in the line of bls profession and was free to admit it. He cheerfully advised with and sought the wider experiences of his professional brethren. He was happy in advancing the interests of others by' assistance and coun sel, often to the detriment of his own interests. On one occasion, when, with the assistance of a younger physician, he was holding a post mortem, his companion seemed running too great a risk. Instantly Dr. Hasbrouck insisted upon assuming it himself, saying, if either were to take the risk it should be he and not the younger man. He was a man of sincerity, hating shams and dec~its. He was a man of truth: a lie was an abomination to him. He was an active memher of the Bergen County Medical Society, contributing valuable papers from time to time. He was also a member of the State Medical Society, elected its President in 1871, becoming then a ~""e11ow of that society. In 1876 he was chosen a member of the International :\Icdical Congress, which convened in Philadelphia. He was closely .identified with the educational interests of Hackensack, and was an ardent advocate of the public school system of education. He was also one of the founders and trustees of the Hack ensack Academy. His life had a sad ending; disease threw a cloud over his brain, took from his eye its sparkle and brightness, and made discordant the music of his tongue. He died, not full of years, 130 Tl/E lllSTORl1 OF HACKENSACK, N. ]. he had not filled out sixty years of life, but he died full of the love sent forth from the over-flowing hearts of the many who had been the recipients of his faithful ministry. Dr. Hasbrouck was twice married, His first wife was ~liss Ellen Christie, of Schraalenburgh, N. J., who died in 1854. His second wife was Miss Catharine ,v. Campbell, of Hackensack, N. J. He left surviving him his widow, one son, now deceased, and four daughters. HENRY C. BRO\VN, merchant, was born in New York City, March 16, 1860, where he attended the public schools. Left an orphan before reaching his sixth year, at an early age he sought employ ment in a wholesale clothing house in his native city. Having saved a sum of money, in 1878 he became a member of the wholesale clothing firm of Cohn, Brown & Company, 715 to 719 Broadway, New York City. The firm is one of the best known, as well as the oldest one without partnership changes in New York. ~fr. Brown has been a resident of Hackensack for nearly ten years, and resides in the old homestead at one time owned and occupied by the late Dr. Henry A. Hopper, and which he purchased several years ago. In 1883 ~lr. Brown married Miss Emily Lancaster, of New York City. They have two interesting children, a son and a daughter. ~lr. Brown takes no active part in politics, being independent in his principles. He attends the Second Reformed Church of Hack ensack, to which he has always contributed liberally. He is a self-made man in the strictest sense; beginning life with nothing but his own efforts to depend upon. Being a man of strong character and full of business activity, strictly upright in all his relations, public-spirited, cordial and kind in his manner. Early in his struggles, it was his ambition to succeed, but only through honorable channels. FREDERIC '\V. PANGBORN, journalist, was born March 71 1855, at St. Albans, Vt. His parents are Zebina K. and Harriet '\Vood Pangborn. His paternal grandfather was Z. K. Pangborn, Sr., a Vermont physician of Scotch descent; the maternal grandfather, Araunah ,vood, of l\l_alone, N. Y., an ex-Captain of the \Var of 1812, and a manufacturer. In infancy Frederic W. was taken to \Vorcester, Mass., where his father had assumed the editorship of the !:Jp;1 newspaper, later the family moved to Boston, where the father became Editor of the Atlas and Bet, remaining there until the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion, when he entered the FREDERIC w. PANGBORN. army, and during the next four years the mother and son lived with relatives. At the close of the war Major Pangborn was called to Jersey City, to establish a newspaper, the Times, and later he established the Evening Journal. Frederic \V. was educated at the public school in Jersey City and at the Hasbrouck Institute, from which school he entered Yale College, in 1872 1 graduating four years after. In the autumn of 1876 he became Assistant Secretary of the New Jersey Republican State Committee, under the late John Y. Foster, and after the election, entered the office of the E'i. 1e11i11g Journal as a reporter. In 1877 be became City Editor of the paper, which position he held until 1881 1 when he was made Managing Editor. This position he held until May, 1896. He left the Journal in August of that year, and, in October, was elected Editor of Godt')''s Maga:;ine, New York. During his connection with the Evening Jo11r11al he carried on the work of the Editor-in-Chief during his many absences, and was also the general Literary Editor of the paper. The policy of the father and son, being in perfect accord, rendered this possible. During the presidential campaigns between 1876 and WAl,Tl~R V Al,1,0TTON CLARK, (Deceased). THE HISTORY OF HACKENSACK, N. I. 131 1896, Ma~or Pangborn was busy in active politics and campaign speaking, so that the whole conduct of the paper fe]l upon Frederic \V.; yet so smoothly were matters managed that the public never knew which of the Editors ,vas doing the work. The result of this harmony of interest and labor was that the Journal became the strongest and widest circulated newspaper in the State. It has since been outclassed by the Newark Evmi11g Nrws, which has a circulation more than double that of the Journal. In December, 1895 1 Major Pangborn sold his interest in the Journal to Sheffield Phelps, and from that date to May 1, 1896, Frederic \V. did the work (including the writing of the editorials) of the new Editor-in-Chief, in connection with his regular work as general Managing Editor. During his busy ye?.rs of newspaper labor Mr. Pangborn bas found time to do some outside literary work, and has been a contributor to the various publications of the country. His contributions to these fields have been illustrated magazine articles, occasional short essays and stories, and a few specimens of verse, generally published without signature. He is an enthusiastic yachtsman, and was for years connected with the old Jersey City Yacht Club, and was the first Vice-President and one of the organizers of the New York Yacht Racing Association. He was married, May 31 1 1877 1 to Mary C., daughter of the late James M. Clark, of Jersey City, and has one son living. Three chi1dren have passed away. He moved to Hackensack, September 1 1 ,8961 where he now resides. \VALTER VALLOTTON CLARK, the subject of this sketch, was born in New York, June 17, 1851 and his early years were spent in that city. He was educated in the Poughkeepsie l\Iilitary Institute, New York, and having a decided taste for mi1itary matters, was steadily promoted, until reaching the first rank-Commandant of Cadets. He came to Hackensack about 1872 1 and on November 11, 187 4, was married to Annie :Mattison, daughter of the late Hon. :Manning M. Knapp, Justice of the St.preme Court of New Je'!'sey. She died August 27, 1895. Being of active energetic temperament, with strong talent for org.mization, he became prominent in the leading local interests. An officer and working member of the Oritani Field Club, the Dramatic Association, the \Vheehnan's Club, Order of American Mechanics and Hall and Armory Association. He was always interested in politics on the Republican side, as a matter of conviction and duty to the state, without seeking reward or personal emolument. In 1893 he was e1ected Second Lieutenant of Company G, Second Regiment, National Guard, State of New Jersey, and continued in active service until 1897, when he was appointed Inspector of Rifle Practice of the Second Regiment, with the rank of Captain. This enlarged his sphere of duty, and he was always to be found at Sea Girt during the season of rifle practice, one of the leading officers connected with the State Rifle Association. His health becoming impaired, he decided on a trip to Europe to consult a medical friend established there, and undertake regu1ar treatment, with attendant rest and change of scene. On June 30, 18981 he was married to Cornelia Demarest, daughter of James Demarest, of Hackensack, and with her, embarked on the 2d of July on the French Transatlantic Packet, " La Bourgogne," which foundered at sea, off Sable Island, on the morning of July 41 1898, with the loss of over 500 lives; among them being Captain Clark and his bride. During his twenty-six years of association ,,·ith Hackensack life, there were few persons so generally known and so universally esteemed, so prominent in social events, so useful and influential among the young men, as Captain Clark, and his loss will be widely felt and sincerely mourned. PETER BOGART was born, August 91 1821, at Bogota, N. J., which, at that time was a part of old Hackensack township. The present borough of Bogota derives its name from his family. His ancestors originally came from Ho11and some time prior to 1661, settling on Long Island, but subse quently removed to Bergen County, N. J., where his great-grandfather, Pet.""r BongRrt, purchased the farm which has remained in the family ever since, and where the subject of t1Jis sketch still resides. His grandfather, Ruloff Bongart, continued to spell the surname in its original style; subsequently, Peter Bogart, Sr., father of our subject, decided to drop the letter "n," spelling the name in its present form. Judge Bogart's mother was :Miss Rachael Banta, daughter of Cornelius Banta, also a resident of Old Hackensack township. Following in the footsteps of his forefathers, Judge Bogart has devoted much of his time to agricultural pursuits; he is also largely interested in real estate operations. He has always taken an active interest in public matters, and has held a number of responsible positions. He served as lay judge, filling the 1;ncxpired term, caused through the death of Colonel Garret TIIB II/STORY OF IIACKENSACK, N. f. Ackerson, and immediately afterward sen·ed a full term of four years in the same position. He has been a member of Bogota Borough Council ever since its formation, and is otherwise prominent there, as well as in Hackensack. In 1844 he married :Maria Euphemia, daughter of the late Dr. Abram Hopper, of H 1ckensack. One daughter, Rachael (now deceased), who married James Day, was born to the union. Judge Bogart is a .Mason, a member of Second Reformed Church, also of the Hol1and Society; he is one of the oldest members of Bergen County Lodge, I. 0. 0. F. He is a man of sterling moral character. His ideals of true manhood are very high, and he constantly aspires after these ideals. He is a progressive and influential citizen, and has always been a powerful factor of public growth. THO~IAS H. CU,\LMING, Justice, was born in Xew York City, November 6, 1839, where he attended school until he was seventeen years of age. Leaving school he obtained employment with a prominent dry goods establishment in his native city, where he remained three ye~rs. At the end of that period his father and himself formed a co partnership to conduct a general contracting business, operating principally in N' ew York and New Jcrsey. During their business career in that direction, among the important work they secured were contracts for the construction of a division of the N cw Jersey and N cw York Railroad, from Essex Street (Hackensack) to \Voodriclge, N. J., and the Lodi Branch; also many large sewer con tracts in New York City. In 1861, during the excitement in oil products, the subject of this sketch engaged in the oil business on Greenwich Street, Xcw York, in which he continued for a period of two years. He subsequently engaged in the leather business six years, after which he removed to Hack ensack, N. J., where he secured contracts for constrncting sewers through Anderson, State and Bridge streets. In 1885 ~Ir. Cumming was elected a Justice of the Peace, a position he still fills. He is 1argely engaged in the real estate and insurauce business, is also Commissioner of Deeds and a Notary Publ:c. He was one of the organizers of the Hackensack Fire Department; its present efficiency is largely due to the efforts of Mr. Cum ming. For twenty-six years he served actively as a member of Hook and Ladder Company No. 2. Upon THo~rAs H. cuM~llNG, tendering his resignation as an active member, he was unanimously elected an honorary member of that organization. Mr. Cum•ming has been President of the Hackensack Relief Association for a number of years. l\lr. Cumming has been License Collector of the Hackensack Commission for the past twelve years. He is a charter member of the Royal Arcanum, and has held many responsible positions in that body. He is also a charter member of the National Union. Politically he is an active Republican, standing high in the councils of his party. His father, Thomas Cumming, Sr., was for many years a lay Judge of Bergep County. The subject of this sketch married the only daughter of the late John H. Banta, Esq., of Hackensack. Three sons have been born to the union. Mr. Cumming has always enjoyed the confidence of bis fellow men. He has acquired a comfortable fortune by honesty and integrity, and his career affords a conspicuous illustration of the possibilities which lie within the grasp of any young man who combines high moral principles with untiring energy, enterprise and industry. THE HISTORY OF HACKHNSACK N. ]. 133 FRANK B. POOR, banker and President of Hackensack Gas and Electric Co., was born at Hackensack, N. J., April 24, 1868. He is a son of Edward E. Po0r, Esq., President of the National Park Bank of New York City. The subject of this sketch received his early education at the public schools in New York City, and later spent three years at the College of the City of New York, after which he entered into active business life as a clerk eleven years ago in the banking establishment of Marquand & Parmly, and is now a member of the firm of Henry l\larquand & Co. In 1892 he was el~•;ted Treasurer of the old Hackensack Gas Company, a position he filled until the Spring of 1895. At that time the plant of the Edison Electric Light Company was purchased by the Gas Company and a consolid• ation of the two interests effected, :\fr. Poor being , . elected President of the new corporation, a posi• tion he still fills. Under his administration the affairs of the company have been admirably managed and the plant and service compares favorably with any of its kind in · ~ country. Mr. Poor married Miss Hamilton, 01 Sew York City. Their home on Essex street near Terrace avenue is one of the handsomest in Hackensack. ,vILLIAM C. THOMAS, Treasurer of Hackensack Gas and Electric Company, was born in New York City, February 12, 1867, He is a son of Charles F. Thomas, Esq., a New York \Vholesale Dry Goods Merchant. \Vhen a boy, :Mr. Thomas attended the public schools of New York. In 1884, at the end of his sophomore year at the College of the City of New York, he discon tinued his studies and accepted a position in the ,vholesale Dry Goods Commission House of ,v. L. Strong & Company, with whom he remained until 1888. He then located in South Carolina, where he engaged in the cotton business, and where he remained until 1895, at which time he became a citizen of Hackensack. Since the advent of Mr. Thomas in Hackensack, he has w11,I,IA:\I r. THOMAS. been a potent factor in the development of the town. In 1895 he was made Treasurer and General Manager of the Hackensack Gas and Electric Company and its present perfect system and service is largely due to his efforts. Mr. Thomas married Miss Helen, daughter of Edward E. Poor, Esq. They have three children, Emily, Helen and Frances,