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5. Radionuclide Data Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 5. RADIONUCLIDE DATA U.S. Department of Energy 201 Varick Street, 5th Floor New York, NY 10014-4811 Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5 - i Table of Contents, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 Page 5. Radionuclide Data ........................... 5.1-1 5.1 Overview ............................................... 5.1-1 5.2 Alpha ................................................... 5.2-1 5.2.1 Scope ............................................... 5.2-1 5.3 Beta ..................................................... 5.3-1 5.3.1 Scope ............................................... 5.3-1 5.4 Gamma ................................................. 5.4-1 5.4.1 Scope ................................................ 5.4-1 5.5 X-Ray ................................................... 5.5-1 5.5.1 Scope ................................................ 5.5-1 5.6 Natural Decay Series ................................... 5.6-1 5.6.1 Scope ................................................ 5.6-1 Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5 - ii Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 5. RADIONUCLIDE DATA 5.1 OVERVIEW This section describes current radionuclide measurement techniques in use at EML and their associated data. A radionuclide is identified by its three principal characteristics: half-life, type of emission, and energy of the emission. Sometimes overlooked in the process are progeny radionuclides with their own particular characteristics. In the 1960s, routine measurements were being performed at EML for ", $, and ( radionuclides. Measurements in both the Frisch grid ion chamber and the solid-state surface barrier detection systems were used to identify " energies in sources in properly calibrated systems. Contained in this section is a table of " emitters by energy, especially linked to the charts of the naturally occurring radionuclides, which assists in radionuclide identification in separated samples and in radionuclide purity checks. Routine measurement of $ emitters is performed on counters designed at EML. These counters have a very low background count rate due to anticoincidence counting tech- niques. The overall counting efficiencies are comparable to proportional counters. Radiochemical purity is typically assessed by decay measurements. Use of NaI(T1) ( spectrometry detection systems provides poorly resolved spectra compared with the Ge(Li) and intrinsic Ge systems presently in use. The resolution of these present systems require sophisticated computer algorithms to identify energies associated with particular radionuclides. It is most important that the energies and the branching ratios used at any facility be documented and a table of ( emitters in the environment is included. Contained in the natural decay series are charts of three natural radionuclide series and the man-made americium series. Pertinent data are included in these charts. Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5.1 - 1 Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 5.2 ALPHA Contact Person(s) : Isabel M. Fisenne 5.2.1 SCOPE The tables on " emitters by atomic number and by energy have been developed for internal use at EML. The present tables are revisions compiled from the data given in Table of Radioactive Isotopes by Browne et al. (1986). REFERENCE Browne, E., R. B. Firestone and V. S. Shirley (Editors) Table of Radioactive Isotopes John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1986) Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5.2 - 1 Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 ALPHA EMITTERS BY ATOMIC NUMBER Most short-lived nuclides are included as principal members of the natural decay series (see Section 5.6) Isotopic " Emission Abundance (when not Radionuclide t1/2 (%) 100%) EMeV 60 144Nd 2.1 x 1015 y 23.8 1.83 62 147Sm 1.03 x 108 y 2.46 62 147Sm 1.06 x 1011 y 15.0 2.233 64 148Gd 75.3 y 3.183 64 152Gd 1.79 x 106 y 2.726 64 152Gd 1.08 x 1014 y 0.20 2.14 66 154Dy 2.9 x 106 y 2.872 72 174Hf 2.0 x 1015 y 0.162 2.50 76 186Os 2.0 x 1015 y 1.58 2.80 78 190Pt 6.0 x 1011 y <0.02 3.175 83 210mBi 3.00 x 106 y 4.946(55.5%), 4.908(38.8%), 4.569(3.8%) 83 211Bi(AcC) 2.14 m 6.623(84%), 6.279(16%) 83 212Bi(ThC') 1.0092 h 39.54% 6.090(26.8%), 6.051(70.2%), 5.768(1.7%), 5.707(1.1%) 84 206Po 8.83 d 5.45% 5.223 84 208Po 2.898 y 5.116 84 209Po 102.0 y 4.866 84 210Po (RaF) 138.376 d 5.305 84 212Po (ThC') 298.0 ns 8.784 84 213Po 4.28 µs 8.375 84 214Po(RaC') 163.69 µs 7.687 84 215Po(AcC) 1.780 ms 7.386 84 216Po(ThA) 150.0 ms 6.779 84 218Po(RaA) 3.05 m 6.003 Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5.2 - 2 Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 ALPHA EMITTERS BY ATOMIC NUMBER (Cont'd) Isotopic " Emission Abundance (when not Radionuclide t1/2 (%) 100%) EMeV 85 211At 7.215 h 41.7% 5.868 85 217At 32.3 ms 7.067 86 219Rn(219Em) 3.96 s 6.819(80.9%), 6.553(12.2%), 6.425(7.5%) 86 220Rn(220Em, Tn) 55.6 s 6.288 86 222Rn(222Em, Rn) 3.825 d 5.490 87 221Fr 4.9 m 6.341(83.4%), 6.243(1.3%), 6.127(15.1%) 88 223Ra(AcX) 11.43 d 5.747(9.5%), 5.716(52.5%), 5.607(24.2%), 5.540(9.2%), others 88 224Ra(ThX) 3.66 d 5.686(95.1%), 5.449(4.9%) 88 226Ra 1600.0 y 4.784(94.5%), 4.601(5.6%) 89 225Ac 10.0 d 5.829(51.6%), 5.793(18.1%), 5.791(8.6%), 5.731(10%), 5.637(4.5%), others 90 227Th(Rd Ac) 18.718 d 6.038%(24.5%), 5.978(23.4%), 5.757(20.3%), 5.714(4.9%), 5.710(8.2%), others 90 228Th(Rd Th) 1.913 y 5.423(72.7%), 5.341(26.7%) 90 229Th 7340.0 y 5.050(5.2%), 4.968(6.0%), 4.901(10.2%), 4.845(56.2%), 4.814(9.3%), others 90 230Th(Io) 7.54 x 104 y 4.688(76.3%), 4.621(23.4%) 90 232Th(Th) 1.405 x 1010 y 100. 4.010(77%), 3.952(23%) 91 231Pa(Pa) 3.276 x 104 y 5.059(11%), 5.029(20%), 5.013(25.4%), 4.951(22.8%), 4.734(8.4%), others 92 230U 20.8 d 5.889(67.4%), 5.818(32%), others 92 232U 68.9 y 5.320(68.6%), 5.264(31.2%) 92 233U 1.592 x 105 y 4.825(84.4%), 4.783(13.2%), others 92 234U(UII) 2.454 x 105 y 0.0055 4.776(72.5%), 4.724(27.5%) Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5.2 - 3 Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 ALPHA EMITTERS BY ATOMIC NUMBER (Cont'd) Isotopic " Emission Abundance (when not Radionuclide t1/2 (%) 100%) EMeV 92 235U(AcU) 7.037 x 108 y 0.7200 4.597(5%), 4.556(4.2%), 4.395(55%), 4.364(~11%), 4.218(5.7%), others 92 236U 2.342 x 107 y 4.494(74%), 4.445(26%) 92 238U(UI) 4.468 x 109 y 99.2745 4.196(77%), 4.147(23%) 93 237Np 2.14 x 106 y 4.873(2.6%), 4.988(47%), 4.772(25%), 4.766(8%), 4.640(6.2%), others 94 236Pu 2.851 y 5.768(68.1%), 5.721(31.7%) 94 238Pu 87.74 y 5.499(71.6%), 5.456(28.3%) 94 239Pu 2.411 x 104 y 5.156(73.2%), 5.143(15.1%), 5.105(10.6%) 94 240Pu 6563.0 y 5.168(73.5%), 5.124(26.4%) 94 242Pu 3.763 x 105 y 4.901(78%), 4.856(22.4%) 94 244Pu 8.26 x 107 y 4.589(80.5%),4.546(19.4%) 95 241Am 432.7 y 5.486(85.2%), 5.443(12.8%), 5.388(1.4%) 95 243Am 7380.0 y 5.277(88%), 5.234(11%), 5.180(1.1%) 96 240Cm 27.0 d 6.291(70.6%), 6.248(28.8%) 96 242Cm 162.94 d 6.113(74%), 6.070(25%) 96 243Cm 28.5 y 6.067(1.5%), 6.059(5%), 5.992(6.5%), 5.786(73.3%), 5.742(10.6%), others 96 244Cm 18.11 y 5.805(76.4%), 5.763(23.6%), others 96 245Cm 8500.0 y 5.362(93.2%), 5.304(5.0%), others 96 246Cm 4730.0 y 5.386(79%), 5.343(21%) 96 247Cm 1.56 x 107 y 5.266(13.8%), 5.210(5.7%), 4.869(71%), 4.818(4.7%), others Environmental Measurements Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 5.2 - 4 Section 5, Vol. I Rev. 0 HASL-300, 28th Edition February 1997 ALPHA EMITTERS BY ATOMIC NUMBER (Cont'd) Isotopic " Emission Abundance (when not Radionuclide t1/2 (%) 100%) EMeV 96 248Cm* 3.40 x 105 y 91.7% 5.078(81.9%), 5.035(18%) 97 247Bk 1380.0 y 5.795(5.5%), 5.712(17%), 5.687(13%), 5.532(45%), 5.501(7%), others 98 246Cf 1.487 d 6.750(78.0%), 6.709(21.8%) 98 248Cf 334.0 d 6.262(83.0%), 6.220(17.0%) 98 249Cf 350.6 y 6.194(2.2%), 6.140(1.1%), 5.945(4%), 5.903(2.8%), 5.812(84.4%), others 98 250Cf 13.09 y 6.031(84.5%), 5.989(15.1%) 98 251Cf 898.0 y 6.074(2.7%), 6.014(11.6%), 5.851(27%), 5.812(4.2%), 5.677(35%), others 98 252Cf* 2.646 y 96.9% 6.118(84%), 6.076(15.8%) 99 252Es* 1.291 y 76.4% 6.632(79.8%), 6.562(13.5%), 6.483(2.2%), others 99 253Es 20.4 d 6.633(89.8%), 6.592(6.6%), others 99 254Es 275.7 d 6.427(93.1%), 6.416(1.8%), 6.357(2.6%) 99 255Es* 39.8 d 8.0% 6.300(87.5%), 6.260(10.0%), 6.213(2.5%) 100 52Fm 1.058 d 7.04(~85%), 6.999(~15%) 100 253Fm* 3.00 d 12.0% 7.024(6.7%), 6.943(42.7%), 6.901(9.8%), 6.847(8.5%), 6.674(23.3%), others 100 255Fm 20.07 h 7.022(93.4%), 6.963(5.0%), others 100 257Fm 100.5 d 6.696(3.4%), 6.519(93.5%), 6.441(2.0%) 101 258Md 55.4 d 6.790(28%), 6.716(72%) *Relative "-intensity normalized to 100 "-decays.
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