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The Analysis of Language Style on the Campaign Speech of Barack Obama

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The Analysis of Language Style on the Campaign Speech of Barack Obama The Analysis Of Language Style On The Campaign Speech Of Barack Obama Rahel Sion Ayu Tarihoran, Tiara K Pasaribu [email protected] Abstract This reasearch analysed the language style of campaign speeches of Barrack Obama which were taken from internet data and published on 10 Feberuary 2007 and 03 November 2008. The writer applied Martin Joos’ theory (1976) of language styles, which are divided into five categories language styles. They are frozen or oratorical, formal or deliberative, consultative, casual and intimate styles. In analyzing the data, the writer using descriptive method that is a method of research that makes the description of the situation of event or occurence. In analyzing the language style, based on the characteristics given by language styles the writer found out data three language style they are frozen style is 5, formal style 27, casual style is18. Through the analysis the writer found the most dominant of languagee style in speech of Barrack Obama that is formal style. The findings of this analysis the writer hopes this the study will be useful for linguist and someone to improve their knowledge about language styles and know how to choose style to get the audince’s interest. Key Words : language styles, speech, deliberative. 1. Introduction . Marthin Joss recognized different language styles in his book the five clocks(1967), there are five language styles namely : Frozen style or oratorical style, Formal Style or Deliberative Style, Consultative Style, Casual Style and Intimate Style. In case, language styles in speech have many variation, the writer interested to analyze the language style proposed by Martin Joos that used in speech, especially the campaign speech of Barack Obama. is answer what language styles are found in campaign speech of Barack Obama, and to find out which language style is the most dominant used in his speech The scope of is in sociolinguistics, It is very wide so the writer limits the data to be analyzed by choosing two campaign speeches of Barack Obama. Each speech the writer will focuse on twenty five sentences, which related to the five language styles proposed byMartin Joss namely: Frozen or Oratorical, Formal or Deliberative, Consultative, Casual and Intimate Styles. 2. Style of Language Style language is the form of language that the speakers used that are usually measured among a formal-informal scale. The styles of language are used differently depend on the context in terms of subject matter, our audiences, the mode of discourse ( speaking or writing ) , and the formality of the occasion. When someone converses informally with a friend, he / she uses a different style than that used in an interview for a job. Frozen Style or Oratorical Style. Frozen style is for people who are to remain social strangers. Our direct compensation for remaining strangers is consultative style. By comparison, frozen style lacks two things, participation and intonation. Formal Style or Deliberative Style The feedback of response and encouragement characteristic consultative style is not possible. The speaker, therefore, left on his own to maintain the proper pace of delivery. He can no longer proceed freely adjusting momentarily to the observed response. Instead, he must plan ahead, framing whole sentence before they are delivered. It is this advanced planning which gives the style its name. Consultative Style Pattern clause connections are generally simple. From the viewpoint of literary standards, they are usually monotonous. And is used very heavily. Connectors of greater range, like nevertheless, moreover, alternatively, are very rare; they are practically used by many, including some who would write these frequently and who would employ them regularly in more formal speech. Furthermore, the pronunciation may be clear but words and sounds may run together. So the rate of the pronunciation is faster. Example : I see now, he told me that. Casual Style According to Martin Joss in his book Five Clocks (1967: 23) states that, Casual style is for friends, acquaitances, insiders; addressed to a stranger, it serves to make him as insider. Negatively, there is absence of background information and noreliance on listeners’ participation. Casual style is characterized by the use of first name even nicknames rather than little and last name in addressing one another. The pronunciation is rapid and often slurred. Beside that, that use of slang. This is a prime indication of in-group relationship. It is used only with insiders, and it a assumed to know only by members of the group. For example: to teenagers or to some clique among adolescents. Intimate Style According to Martin Joss in his book Five Clocks (1967: 29) states that, Intimate style, this role is not merely weakeened; rather, it is positively abolished. Intimate speech excludes public information. Intimate style tolerates nothing of the system of any other style : no slang, no background information, an so on. The Society and Its relationship to Language According to the explanation of relationship between language and society above it can be concluded Knowledge about language and society may enable people to make choices in their language use that make them feel better about themselves. People can also find knowledge, so they are not perceived as unfairness in society. Language has potential for making communication successful and establishing social togetherness if it is used well. On the other hand, it will be a handicap for communication and interaction if it is used unwell. Speech It is controversial how far human speech is unique in that other animals also communicate with vocalizations. While none in the wild uses syntax nor compatibly large vocabularies, research upon the nonverbal abilities of language trained apes such as Washoe and Kanzi raises the possibility that they might have these capabilities. 3. The Research Design This research will be conducted by using descriptive method with quantitative approach. “Descriptive research is also called statistical research. The main goal of this type of research is to describe the data and characteristic about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study frequencies, average, and other statistical calculations. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. Source of the Data Source of the data is the subject from where we can gets the data. The writer get the data of this research to be analyzed from internet data and article text especially campaign speech of Barrack Obama. The population of this study is two campaign speeches of Barrack Obama in general election. In this research, the writer takes fifty sentences to be analyzed ( 25sentences each speech of Barack Obama’s campaign). The two speeches are campaigned on 10 february 2007 and 3 November 2008. The data are selected with randomly choosen. There are some steps for collecting the data in this study, such as searching for data, in this case the writer read the text of campaign speech of Barrack Obama in internet. choose the data to be analyzed. After choosing the speech as the data of this research, the writer print out the data. At last, the writers take out fifty sentences as the data and analyzed by applying Martin Joss theory. The Data of this research is the campaign speech texts of Barack Obama that taken from internet. The data were published on 10 February 2007 and 3 November 2008. The writer put the data on a table, the writer takes fifty sentences to be analyzed 25sentences each speech of Barack Obama’s campaign from two speeches randomly chosen. The following are the list of the data that will be analyzed. No. The Time The Sentence of The Speech of The Speech 1. 10 1. Let me begin by saying thanks to all you who've traveled, from far and February wide, to brave the cold today. 2007 2. We all made this journey for a reason. 3. but in my heart I know you didn't come here just for me, you came here because you believe in what this country can be. 4. As most of you know, I am not a native of this great state. 5. that I might play a small part in building a better America. 6. It was here, in Springfield, where I saw all that is America converge - farmers and teachers, businessmen and laborers, all of them with a story to tell, all of them seeking a seat at the table, all of them clamoring to be heard. 7. and that so long as we're willing to listen to each other, we can assume the best in people instead of the worst. 8. I stand before you today to announce my candidacy for President of the United States. 9. I know I haven't spent a lot of time learning the ways of Washington. 10. Each and every time, a new generation has risen up and done what's needed to be done. 11. All of us know what those challenges are today. 12. a war with no end dependence on oil that threatens our future... 13. Each of us, in our own lives, will have to accept responsibility. 14. Let us begin this hard work together. 15. Let us transform this nation. 16. Let us be the generation that reshapes our economy to compete in the digital age. 17. Let's be the generation that makes future generations proud of what we did here. 18. we can work together to keep our country safe. 19. I know there are those who don't believe we can do all these things. 20. That is why this campaign can't only be about me. 21. It must be about us. 22. He tells us that there is power in hope.
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