Site Atlas Correct Citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Bhatta, G

TanzaniaNepal Usambara Mid-WesternTerrai /Rupandehi CCAFS siteatlas CGIAR Research Programon ClimateChange, AgricultureandFood Security(CCAFS)

Neil Palmer/CIAT

Site Atlas Correct citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Bhatta, G. and Aggarwal, P.K. (2013). CCAFS Site Atlas – Mid-Western Terrai / Rupandehi. CCAFS site atlas series. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org

Titles in this series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community.

This document is published by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) which is a strategic partnership between CGIAR and Future Earth. CCAFS is supported by the CGIAR Fund, the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), the Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAid), Irish Aid, Environment Canada, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Netherlands, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), UK Aid, the Government of Russia, and the European Union (EU). The Program is carried out with technical support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Contact: CCAFS Coordinating Unit - Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Tel: +45 35331046; Email: [email protected]

Creative Commons License

This Atlas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Articles appearing in this publication may be freely quoted and reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes.

DISCLAIMER:

This Atlas Series has been prepared as an output for Theme 4.2 under the CCAFS program and has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of CCAFS, donor agencies, or partners. The geographic designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CCAFS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction...... iv

Regional Map...... 1

Topographic Map ...... 2

Satellite Map ...... 3

Chapter 2: Climate and Climate Variability

Annual Rainfall ...... 4

Annual Temperature ...... 5

Aridity Index ...... 6

Chapter 3: Bio-Physical Characteristics

Altitude...... 7

Soil Type ...... 8

Agro-Ecological Zones ...... 9

Landcover ...... 10

Landuse ...... 11

Length of Growing Period 2000 ...... 12

Length of Growing Period 2030 ...... 13

Crop Suitability ...... 14 Livestock Production Systems ...... 15

Livestock Density...... 16

Chapter 4: Socio-Economic Factors

Human Population Density ...... 17

Market Access ...... 18

Poverty ...... 19

Conservations Areas...... 20

References and Data Sources...... 21 Introduction

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) seeks to promote a food-secure world through the provision of science-based eﬀorts that support sustainable agriculture and enhance livelihoods while adapting to climate change and conserving natural resources and environmental services.

Climate change is an unprecedented threat to the food security of hundreds of millions of people who depend on small-scale agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change aﬀects agriculture and food security, and likewise, agriculture and natural resource management aﬀect the climate system.

CCAFS has initially focused on three regions; East Africa (EA), West Africa (WA) and South Asia (SA) to carry out its research. The 15 CCAFS sites in these areas represent areas that are becoming both drier and wetter, and are focal locations that will generate results that can be applied and adapted to other regions worldwide. In this year, 2013, CCAFS is expanding its portfolio to additional sites in Latin America and South-East Asia.

These sites serve as the initial focus of CCAFS partnership-building and long-term research activities falling within the following CCAFS Research Themes; Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change, Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk, Pro-Poor Climate Change Mitigation and Integration for Decision Making. At all 15 CCAFS sites, baseline surveys have been conducted, including three levels of data collection and analysis at household, village and organizational levels (see: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/resources/baseline-surveys).

More information on CCAFS work in all the three regions can be accessed at www.ccafs.cgiar.org

To better understand the CCAFS sites’ characteristics, a list of geospatial indicators for climate variability, bio-physical characteristics and socio-economic variables have been mapped into site atlases.

This Atlas was developed for the CCAFS site at Mid-Western Terrai / Rupandehi in Nepal, in South Asia Region.

IV CCAFS Sites: South Asia

70ºE 80ºE 90ºE N N º º 0 0 3 3 N N º º 0 0 2 2 N N º º 0 0 1 1

Bangladesh: Khulna (BA04) India: Bihar (IN16) India: Haryana (IN17) Nepal: Mid-Western Terrai (NE03)

CCAFS Country Sites 70ºE 80ºE 90ºE

1 Citation: GeoMapa (2013a) Topography Mid-Western Terrai

83°E 83°30'E

!( Parbat Huwas Mardikhola !( Biruwa Archale Bijuli Jubhung !( !( !( Dharapani Pallikot !( CCAFS Site NE03, Mid-Western Terrai / Rupandehi, !( Argha Setibeni Kichanas !( Dibharna !( Benethok Deurali !( N !( !( !( Pitalthumka N ° Rimuwa ° !( Asurkot Kima Danda !( Bamgha !( !( Harmichaur !( Yaladi Nepal 8 !( !( !( 8 2 !( Thulapokhara Amar Arbathok Thulo Lumpek Sirsekot !( 2 !( Gwadi Nibuwakharka Waling Khilji Khanchikot !( !( Digam !( !( !( Chinnebas !( !( Wangla !( !( !( Pakwadi Nuwakot Daungha !( Ruru Chandi Bhan Pelakot Chidika !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Siddheshwor Argali Malyangkot Dhikure Pali !( Dhanchaur Khidim Somadi !( !( !( Darlamdanda Hungi !( !( Khyaha !( !( Sakhar!( Dathiwang Bhuwanpokhari !( Jukena Sitapur !( Pathauti Khasyauli Phoksingkot!( Chapakot !( !( !( !( !( Chhapani Haklang Siddhara !( !( !( !( !( !( Subar!(nakhal Tansen !( Panema Chhahara !( Baudipokhara Pipaldanda Maidan Chidipani!( Pokharatok Timure !( Siluwa Thada !( !( Tahu !( !( Simalpani !( Devinagar !( Satyawati !( Jalpa Archale !( !( Dobhan !( Jyamire Malwar Mahendrakot !( !( Khaireni !( Butwal Rakachuli!( Motipur !( !. Tamnagar Champapur !( Daunne !( !(Semalar !( !( Gorusinge !( Shankarnagar Dhurkot Motipur!( !( !( Hathausa Rupandehi Khaireni !( !( !( Manigram !( !( Manpakadi !( Makrahar Sunawal Suryapura !( !( Dumkibas !( !( !( !( Manmateriya Ramnagar Tilaurakot !( Tikuligadh !( !( Dayanagar Parasi Taulihawa Bisunpura Gangoliya !( Panchanagar !( !( !( Padsari Masina Ekala !( Sukrauli !( !( N N ' Kamahariya Bhairahawa '

0 Hakui 0 !( !( !( 3 Khudabagar !. 3 ° Palhi !( ° 7 !( !( Sanai 7 Lumbini Belahiya Bodabar !( !( Narayan Chowck 2 Tenuhawa !( !( !( !( Kusma !( 2 Gairami !( Tribeni !( Madhuwani Sakraun !( Jamuniya Harpur !( !( Pakari Pratappur

Coordinates of the CCAFS Baseline Sampling frame 83.500E 27.589N 83.500E 27.500N 83.401E 27.500N 83.401E 27.589N

Sampling frame size: 10km x 10km 83°E 83°30'E !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

2 Citation: GeoMapa (2013b) Satellite Image Rupandehi

83°25'0"E 83°30'0"E

N N " " 010 0 0 2 ' ' -03- 5 5 15 3 3 rom ° ° ry f 7 7 age 2 2 im on dEye soluti Rapi nd re grou at 5m line Base Rehara ehold !( Hous HBS= ey Surv

ine Basel llage S= Vi VB rvey Su e aselin onal B nizati Orga OBS= ey Surv

Mauwaritole Madhuwan Tole !( !( !( Machaihawa .! Settlement !( Bairiyatole !. CCAFS VBS/OBS village Madhuritole !( CCAFS HBS villages !( Bangaitole !. Bhairahawa .!!. N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 3 3 ° ° 7 7 2 2 CCAFS Baseline Sampling Frame 83°25'0"E 83°30'0"E

Scale 1:75,000 0 1.25 2.5 5 7.5 Kilometers

3 Citation: RapidEye (2010) Annual Rainfall

83°E 83°30'E 80°E !( Parbat Huwas Mardikhola !( Biruwa Archale Bijuli Jubhung !( !( !( Dharapani Pallikot !( !( Argha Setibeni Kichanas !( Dibharna !( Benethok Deurali !( N !( !( !( Pitalthumka N ° Rimuwa ° !( Asurkot Kima Danda !( Bamgha !( !( Harmichaur !( Yaladi 8 !( !( !( 8 2 !( Thulapokhara Amar Arbathok Thulo Lumpek Sirsekot !( 2 !( Gwadi Nibuwakharka Waling Khilji Khanchikot !( !( Digam !( !( !( Chinnebas !( !( Wangla !( !( !( Pakwadi Nuwakot Daungha !( Ruru Chandi Bhan Pelakot Chidika !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Siddheshwor Argali Malyangkot Dhikure Pali !( Dhanchaur !( !( Khidim Somadi N N !( Khyaha Darlamdanda Hungi !( ° ° !( !( !( Sakhar!( 0 0 Dathiwang Bhuwanpokhari !( 3 3 Jukena Sitapur !( Pathauti Khasyauli Phoksingkot!( Chapakot !( !( !( !( !( Chhapani Haklang Siddhara !( !( !( !( !( !( Subar!(nakhal Tansen C H I N A !( Panema Chhahara !( Baudipokhara Pipaldanda Maidan Chidipani!( Pokharatok Timure !( Siluwa Thada !( !( Tahu !( !( Simalpani !( Devinagar !( Satyawati !( NEPAL Jalpa Archale !( !( Dobhan !( Jyamire Malwar Mahendrakot !( !( Khaireni !( Butwal Rakachuli!( Motipur !( !. Tamnagar Champapur !( Daunne !( !(Semalar !( !( Gorusinge !( Shankarnagar Dhurkot Motipur!( !( !( Hathausa Rupandehi Khaireni !( !( !( Manigram !( !( Manpakadi !( Makrahar Sunawal Suryapura !( !( Dumkibas !( !( !( I N D I A !( Manmateriya Ramnagar BANGLADESH Tilaurakot !( Tikuligadh !( !( Dayanagar Parasi Taulihawa Bisunpura Gangoliya !( Panchanagar !( !( !( Padsari Masina Ekala !( Sukrauli !( !( N N ' Kamahariya Bhairahawa '

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left Rainfall (mm) RupandehRi uMpeaannd eMhoi nMthelayn R Maionnfathlll yD iRsatrinibfaultli oDnistribution < = 250 500 25 s y ) a m 400 20 D 250 - 750 y m ( n

l 300 15 l a a

750 - 1,250 R Rainfall (mm) f

f n 200 10 i o

a . No. of Rainy Days R 1,250 - 1,750 100 5 o N 0 0 t t r r c y v > = 1,750 y g e n b l c a p p e a o u a n e u J e O A F J D u A N M M S 83°E 83°30'E J !. Town International Boundary Citation: Jones et al (2002) ll data Settlement Road Rainfa nnual River Scale 1:750,000 A nt curre 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers of ions Canal rpolat , inte d data bserve of o ive sentat 1 cm = 7.5 km repre 00 0 - 20 of 195

Rupendehi 4 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et. al (2005) Annual Temperature

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Temperature (ºC) RupaRnudpeahni dMeehai Mn Meaonn Mtholyn tThelmy Tpeemrapteurraet uDries Dtriisbturitbiountion 40 < = 20 ) l e C

30 .

20 - 22.5 g e

d Temp. Max ( 20 e

22.5 - 25 r

u Temp. Min t a

r 10 25 - 27.5 e Temp. Mean p m e

T 0 t r t r c y v g y n b > = 30 e l c a p p e a a o u e n u J e O A F J D A u N M M S 83°E 83°30'E J !. Town International Boundary re Settlement eratu Citation: Jones et al (2002) Road Temp nnual ual River Scale 1:750,000 A ts ann resen a of 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers rep re dat Canal eratu ions temp rpolat nt inte curre data, erved 1 cm = 7.5 km of obs ed for averag - 2000 1950

Rupandehi 5 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et al (2005) Aridity Index

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left es indicat Aridity Index Index ridity ness, Hyper Arid A f dry n level o piratio the otrans Arid evap en taking t a giv ount, a fall Semi Arid o acc rain int known tion of Dry sub-humid loca

Humid 83°E 83°30'E !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 6 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Trabucco et al (2009) Altitude

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Altitude (m) tes the indica l > = 1000 ude leve Altit e sea t abov 750 - 1000 heigh rs mete 500 - 750 in

250 - 500

> 250

83°E 83°30'E !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 7 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Jarvis et al (2008) Soil Type

Dhanchaur !( !( N N

Khidim Somadi ° ° !( Darlamdanda !( !( Khyaha !( Hungi Sakhar 0 0 !( !( 3 3 Dathiwang Bhuwanpokhari !( Jukena Sitapur !( Pathauti Khasyauli Phoksingkot!( Chapakot !( !( !( !( !( Chhapani Haklang Siddhara !( !( !( !( !( C H I N A !( Subar!(nakhal Tansen !( Panema Chhahara !( Baudipokhara Pipaldanda Maidan Chidipani!( Pokharatok Timure !( Siluwa Thada !( !( Tahu !( !( Simalpani !( Devinagar NEPAL !( Satyawati !( Jalpa Archale !( !( Dobhan !( Jyamire Malwar Mahendrakot !( !( Khaireni !( Butwal Rakachuli!( Motipur !( !. Tamnagar Champapur !( Daunne !( !(Semalar !( !( Gorusinge !( Shankarnagar Dhurkot Motipur!( !( !( Hathausa Rupandehi Khaireni !( !( !( Manigram !( !( Manpakadi !( Makrahar Sunawal Suryapura !( !( Dumkibas I N D I A !( !( !( BANGLADESH !( Manmateriya Ramnagar Tilaurakot !( Tikuligadh !( !( Dayanagar Parasi Taulihawa Bisunpura Gangoliya !( Panchanagar !( !( !( Padsari Masina Ekala !( Sukrauli !( !( N N ' Kamahariya Bhairahawa '

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left l Soil Type * he soi rs to t pe refe Cambisols oil Ty e FAO S per th ps oup as il grou Fluvisols gr on. So nt sificati ir pare clas by the tic Regosols fined gene are de orpho l and m s of * Legend corresponds to left map ateria n term m istics i racter ies and cha ropert ural p nd struct , silt a 83°E 83°30'E (sand exture as !. Town International Boundary t tent), ay con Settlement Road cl ganic l as or River Scale 1:750,000 wel nt. r conte Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers matte

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 8 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO et al (2009) Agro-Ecological Zones

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Agro-Ecological Zones Zones ogical o-Ecol n of Arid Agr divisio e the indicat t have Semi-Arid as tha nd are ristics la aracte , Sub-Humid ilar ch itability sim and su Humid to l related ltural l agricu Temperate/Highlands entia pot and uction 83°E 83°30'E prod al !. Town International Boundary ment nviron Settlement Road e pact. River Scale 1:750,000 im Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 9 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO (2008) Landcover

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left Landcover Closed to open mixed broadleaved, needleleaved forest Irrigated croplands Mosaic Grassland/Forest-Shrubland Rainfed croplands Closed to open shrubland Mosaic Croplands/Vegetation Sparse vegetation Mosaic Vegetation/Croplands Closed to open vegetation regularly flooded Closed broadleaved deciduous forest Urban area 83°E 83°30'E Open broadleaved deciduous forest !. Town International Boundary ws Bare areas er sho Open needleleaved deciduous or evergreen forest Settlement Road andcov L ved Closed to open broadleaved forest regularly obser Mosaic Forest-Shrubland/Grassland River Scale 1:750,000 the l flooded (fresh-brackish water) hysica Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers (bio)p arth's f the e Closed to open grassland over o inant c .e. dom face, i se Closed to open broadleaved evergreen sur land u 1 cm = 7.5 km tation, or semi-deciduous forest vege de an-ma and m s. feature

Rupandehi 10 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Arino et al (2009) Landuse

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left how tion of Landuse * escrip lves is a d It invo d use land. Forest protected Lan ize the i.e.the le util tivity, peop mic ac ation econo odific Forest with moderater higher livestock density socio- and m into ment ment anage nviron Grasslands protected m tural e as the na t,such ents. of onmen ttlem envir and se Grasslands high livestock density built fields e ltural may b agricu , there inant place e dom Rainfed crops (Subsistence/Commercial) t any ses, th 83°E 83°30'E A and u ltiple l !. Town International Boundary mu nted Crops, large-scale irrigated, moderate or higher livestock density prese one is Settlement Road here. River Scale 1:750,000 Crops and high livestock density Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers Agriculture large scale Irrigation

1 cm = 7.5 km Agriculture protected Open water protected

* Legend corresponds to left map

Rupandehi 11 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Natchtergaele et al (2010) Length of Growing Period 2000

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left ing Length of Growing Period (Days) f Grow ngth o ed < = 50 he Le defin T P) is iod (LG days 50 - 100 Per er of numb ich as the ing wh 100 - 150 r dur ed a yea e rainf in ailabl 150 - 200 is av y for there suppl oisture > 200 soil m . rowth 83°E 83°30'E plant g !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 12 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Thornton et al (2006) Length of Growing Period 2030

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

rowing Length of Growing Period (Days) of G ength ined The L is def < = 50 LGP) s riod ( of day Pe mber 50 - 100 e nu hich as th ring w ear du infed 100 - 150 in a y ble ra availa or ere is pply f 150 - 200 th ure su moist re soil th; he > 200 t grow plan 2030. 83°E 83°30'E led for !. Town International Boundary mode Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 13 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Thornton et al (2006) Crop Suitability

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

fers to Crop Suitability ility re Suitab Crop urce Not suitable d reso the lan at Very low nt th nd essme tural la ass gricul t Low ers a van consid ith rele tions w ition Medium low se op cond u logical ro-eco cted Medium ag expe timate . 83°E 83°30'E to es ivities !. Medium high ng act Town International Boundary croppi Settlement Road High River Scale 1:750,000 Very high Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 14 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO and IIASA (2007) Livestock Production Systems

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left s ystem Mixed Rainfed Livestock only tion S s roduc ystem tock P ural s to Arid / Semi-arid Arid /semi-arid Lives gricult ions in rt of a condit as pa matic in Humid / sub-humid ro-cli sified Temperate / highland ke ag e clas ta nd ar stock Temperate / highland unt a live ies Humid and sub-Humid acco d and odit of fee comm ; erms stock ology Mixed Irrigated t s; live techn source uction re ; prod ock duced livest Arid / semi-arid Urban area pro e and ; uct us vered 83°E 83°30'E prod ea co Humid / sub-humid Other ns; ar s; !. Town International Boundary unctio ation f hic loc ns Temperate / highland grap ulatio Settlement Road geo n pop huma River Scale 1:750,000 and orted. Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers supp

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 15 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO (2007) Livestock Density

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left y is 2 ensit Number per km tock D ers Lives numb red in g No Observations measu cludin ock, in p, f livest d shee 0 - 15 o ats an ttle, go 15 - 30 ca 2 per km 30 - 45

45 - 60 83°E 83°30'E !. Town International Boundary > 60 Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 16 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Wint et al (2007) Human Population Density

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

2 lation Number of persons per km n Popu ed Huma gridd <= 5 s the r nsity i ns pe De f perso 5 - 25 ber o num 5. 2 n 200 25 - 50 km i 50 - 250

> 250

83°E 83°30'E !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 17 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: CIESIN (2005) Market Access

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left asure is a me Travel time to nearest large town/city (Hours) l time rmined Trave y dete 0 - 2 sibilit en f acces rs) tak o e (hou ntre, 2 - 3 he tim an ce in t est urb n e near pulatio 3 - 4 to th of a po r city more town o ple or 4 - 5 00 peo ns of of 50,0 nt mea > 5 iffere unt) king d o acco 83°E 83°30'E (ta ion int !. Town International Boundary ortat transp Settlement Road River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 18 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Nelson (2008) Poverty

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Percentage of People living on less than 2 US$ per day l globa ructed are 0 or missing value const that ESIN verty CI of po f 0 - 20 a sets tes o dat stima tality d on e t mor 20 - 40 base infan ta, tional ion da subna lnutrit 40 - 60 ld ma h are d chi at bot an ing th d 60 - 80 ogniz rty an rec r pove ies fo an 83°E 83°30'E 80 - 100 prox her th !. Town International Boundary re rat welfa ures. Settlement Road meas direct River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 19 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: CIESIN (2005) Conservation Areas

80°E International boundary Scale 1:10,000,000 0 125 250 500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Conservation Areas reas ation A eas onserv ted ar C protec Sanctuary resent IUCN, rep ing to phic accord geogra Conservation Area that, fined ed arly de edicat are cle ized, d r recogn legal o National Park / Buffer Zone aces, rough sp ged th mana ans, to National Park and ve me tion effecti nserva other erm co long-t ted National Park Extension chieve ssocia a with a 83°E 83°30'E nature es and of servic !. Town International Boundary Hunting Reserve ystem ecos e. Settlement Road al valu Nature Reserve cultur River Scale 1:750,000 Canal 0 7.5 15 30 45 Kilometers Wildlive Reserve

UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 1 cm = 7.5 km

Rupandehi 20 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: UNEP and WCMC (2012) References and Data Sources assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and User’s Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 pp. Aridity Index Regional Map Trabucco, A., and Zomer, R.J. 2009. Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Sijmons K. 2013a. Digital Satellite Image based on, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Database. CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information. Spectroradiometer ) NASA, 2009, Ground resolution : 1 Kilometer. GTOPO30, (DEM) Global Published online, available from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal at: http://www.csi.cgiar.org/ Digital Elevation Model U.S Geological Survey, Ground resolution: 1 Kilometer. Topographic Features derived from: Global GIS, U.S. Geological Survey and Google Earth. Projection: Altitude Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Jarvis, A., H.I. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Guevara, 2008, Hole-ﬁlled SRTM for the globe Version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m Database. Available at http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org Topographic Map Sijmons K. 2013b. Relief represenation derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of SRTM Soil Type (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) 2000, Ground resolution 90 meter and ASTER GDEM, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC. 2009. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.1). FAO, Rome, Ground resolution 30 meter, NASA. Topographic Features digitized from Google Earth Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. Projection: Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Agro-Ecological Zones Satellite Image Fischer, G., F. Nachtergaele, S. Prieler, H.T. van Velthuizen, L. Verelst, D. Wiberg, 2008. Global Agro- RapidEye Satellite Image, 5 meter ground resolution, ecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria and FAO, Rome, Image acquisition, 17-01-2011 Italy

Annual Rainfall Landcover Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution Arino, O., Perez J. R., Kalgirou V., Defourny P., Achard F. 2009. GlobCover. Version 2.3 Global. interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: Accessed at http://ionia1.esrin.esa.int/ 1965-1978. Landuse Annual Rainfall Graph Natchtergaele F., Petri M., 2010. Mapping Land Use at global and Regional Scales for Land Degrada- Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002. tion Assessment Analysis (LADA).Version 1.1. MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk LADA Project FAO/UNEP GEF/. assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and Users Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=37139&currTab=simple pp. Length of Growing Period 2000 Annual Temperature Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution Omolo A, with contributions from Orindi V, Adwerah A, Otiende B, Bhadwal S, Anantram K, Nair S interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the Department 1965-1978. for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p.

Annual Temperature Graph Length of Growing Period 2030 Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002. Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk Omolo A, with contributions from Orindi V, Adwerah A, Otiende B, Bhadwal S, Anantram K, Nair S.

21 and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the Depart- ment for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p.

Crop Suitability FAO-IIASA 2007. Mapping biophysical factors that inﬂuence agricultural production and rural vulnerability. Food and Agriculture Organization and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Rome 2007.

Livestock Production Systems FAO. 2007. Gridded livestock of the world 2007, by G.R.W. Wint and T.P. Robinson.Rome, pp 131.

Livestock Density Wint W, Robinson T, 2007. Gridded Livestock of the World. FAO, 131 pp.

Human Population Density Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, 2005. Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates, Edition: 3.0. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC. Online_Linkage: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v3-population-density-future-estimates

Market Access Nelson, A. (2008) Estimated travel time to the nearest city of 50,000 or more people in year 2000. Global Environment Monitoring Unit - Joint Research Centre of the European Commis- sion, Ispra Italy. Available at http://www-tem.jrc.it/accessibility (accessed 06/03/2004)

Poverty Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2005. Small Area Estimates of Poverty and Inequality (SAEPI) database. Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University. Available at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/povmap. ( Version 1.0) Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/theme/poverty

Conservation Areas UNEP-WCMC (2012). Data Standards for the World Database on Protected Areas. UNEP- WCMC: Cambridge, UK.

22 June 2013

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) brings together the world’s best researchers in agricultural science, development research, climate science and Earth System science, to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and tradeoffs between climate change, agriculture and food security. CCAFS is a strategic partnership of CGIAR and Future Earth, led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

For more information, visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org and www.geomapa.nl

Neil Palmer/CIAT