DOCSLIB.ORG

The Military System of Ahom Kingdom of Medieval Assam: a Historical Analysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Military System of Ahom Kingdom of Medieval Assam: a Historical Analysis ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 The Military System of Ahom Kingdom of Medieval Assam: A Historical Analysis Mr. Monjit Gogoi Assistant Professor (Contractual) Department of History Tihu College, Nalbari, Assam Email: [email protected] Abstract: In the history of medieval Assam, the establishment of Ahom kingdom in the first half of thirteenth century under the leadership of Sukapha was an important issue of discussion from different standpoints. This Ahom kingdom with its war and diplomatic policies could able to rule for about six hundred years which was unique ruling period in the history of Assam as well as India. Behind this prolonged rule of Ahom there was a good and well organized administration which had been appreciated by historians as well as British officials. Likewise the other aspects of administration, the Ahom rulers used to emphasis on the military system and for the development of a well equipped military system they took different initiatives at different level. The military system of Ahom was organized in different form like artillery, cavalry, navy, elephantry etc. under the supervision of special officers. Through the strong military system, the Ahom had not only been able to establish their political hegemony over the local tribes rather they could able to defeat foreign powers for many times. Key Words: Ahom, King, Administration, Military, Paik. Introduction: Among the important issues of Assam history the establishment of historic Ahom kingdom and their consolidation was a remarkable issue of discussion from different perspectives. The Tai origin Ahoms who were migrated to the Brahmaputra valley in the first half of thirteenth century under the leadership of Sukapha had established an empire in Brahmaputra valley by uniting the ancient Kamrup and Kamrup Kamata and other tribes which Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 651 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 was existed for about six hundred years.1 From the time of the first king Suakapha onwards, the Ahom rulers had adopted different administrative policies which helped them in smooth functioning of their administration. Even, Sukapha, the first Ahom king appointed two officers known as Buragoahin and Borgohain just after the foundation of the kingdom to helped him in administrative issues. This legacy of administrative consciousness had also been visible during the reign of his successors.2 Likewise, the other issues of administration the Ahom rulers had also been emphasized on the military strength of the state and therefore from the time of Sukapha onwards they tried to develop a well organized military system in Assam. Therefore, in this study an attempt has been made to understand the various aspects of Ahom military administration. Methodology: In this study both historical and analytical methodology has been used and data are mainly collected from secondary sources like books, internet etc. Discussion: The Ahom had a well organized military administration which helped the kingdom in different time in different ways. During the rule of this historic kingdom in Assam we have references to several foreign invasions wheatear it was Turks, Mughal invasion from the west or the Naras from the east. However, the Ahom could push back these invasions through its well equipped military force.3 Even Mughal Lieutenant Rasid Khan appreciated the Ahom military power as “The enemy is beyond the reach of our heavy artillery; and there is no opportunity for fighting with arrow and guns. There ministers commanders and infantry are all to be admired for having constructed such an impregnable wall of defence.”4 During the time of Sukapha, Ahom undertook series of campaign against the state of Chutia, Moran and Borahi. Moreover, their policy of incessant warfare against the hill tribes indicates the efficiency of Ahom military. In the earlier stages, the king was considered as the supreme authority regarding the issues related to the war. However, later on the duties of military force had been distributed among various officers.5 Basically, the power of supreme command was vested in the Barbarua in Upper Assam and Barphukon in Lower Assam. However, during the time of national emergency the king used to select the Commander-in Chief among the great Gohains. However, there was a common practice of entrust the duties of Commander-in-Chief to Neog Phukon on land and the Pani Phukon on water. Moreover, in this context it is to be said Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 652 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 that during the time of national emergency, the three Gohains, Barphukan and Barbaua had to move to the battlefield. Even during Mir Jumla’s invasion, the Ahom King Jayadhwaj Singha gave the army command.6 Ahom military system was interlinked with the paik System of Ahom administration. Paik system of Ahom administration helped the king in maximum utilization of man power whether it was war or peace. According to historian S.K Bhyan the paik system used to provide the necessary manpower during the time of war. Moreover, the non-serving paiks constituted a standing military force which could be mobilized during the time of emergency. The power of command to the paiks to render the military service was given to the Khelders.7 Moreover, the system of regular training to the paiks or troops was there in Ahom military administration. Even special training was given to the commanders regarding the use of different war weapons. Some Ahom rulers used to visit the training field to encourage the solders. In order to make them more valorous, Ahom administration used to give different rewards to the soldiers.8 The Ahom army was consisted of infantry, artillery, cavalry, elephantry and spices. The Persian chronicler who visited Assam during Ahom period had appreciated the high military techniques of Ahom. Sihabudin Talish, a Persian chronicler who came to Assam during Mirjumlas expedition writes “They (the Ahom) are superior to most nations in their bodily strength and power of endurance. They are enterprising...fond of war…if one of them should meet ten Mohmadans on foot, he will fearlessly attack them and even be victorious”.9 Moreover, Mirza Nathan, the author of Baharistan-i-Ghaibi appreciated the strength of Ahom infantry. Like other departments of Ahom military, special care was taken in maintaining the elephantry. The supervising officer of this department was Hati Baruah. Hati-Chungi section of Moran tribe provided the needed elephants to the Ahom state. The vast forest area as well as humid climate of the state facilitated elephant–breeding. According to the Hasti-Vidyanava, a treatise on elephant, the well trained elephants rendered the valuable service both during peace and war.10 As far as the navel power of Ahom is concerned it must be mentioned that they had an efficient naval force which was exhibited during the historic Saraighat and Kaliabar wars. The war boats of Ahom were commonly known as bacharis. Theses war boats had not only the power of carrying large numbers of soldiers rather these were furnished with big guns and canons. An official Mughal report stated that the numbers of boats reaching and passing Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 653 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Guwahati in a single month was 32,000. The supervising officer of this navy department of Ahom administration was known as Naosaliya Phukon who was entrusted with different issues related to naval force. Moreover, the workshops of navy were known as Naosals whereas the central workshop which was located at the Ahom metropolis called Barnaosals. At the initial stage the Barnaosal or the central naval workshop was situated at Gargoan and later at Rangpur. However, the workshops of Naosals were there at Gargaon, Majuli, Jaipur, Dergaon.11 Likewise other departments of Ahom military, they also emphasized on the cavalry force. This legacy of maintaining an efficient cavalry can be traced back to their ancestors who were noted equestrians in Yunan. Similarly, during the time of advent of Sukapha, there were 300 horses in his group. Ghora Baruah, an officer was appointed by the Ahom authority to supervise this cavalry department and he was assisted by two officers known as Barbara. Even Ahom imported horses from Bhutan. Although at the initial stage of Ahom monarchy this cavalry played a vital role in Assam however, due to peculiar topographical, geographical and climatic features of Assam it gradually lost its importance as a fighting force of Ahom monarchy.12 In the context of Ahom military system it is to be mentioned that during the time of war, Bezbaruah and Bailungs used to accompany the soldiers. The work of Bezbaruah, the royal physician was to provide the needed medicine to the solders whereas the Bailung, the religious priest cum astrologer of Ahom did the religious as well as astrological works before the war. Some religious beliefs were also deeply associated with the war policy of Ahom. Before participating in a war, they used to organize the Tban puja and after getting victory in the war they organized the religious festivals like Snefu-Snedum, Rik-Kbhan-Mungkbhan.13 Likewise the other aspects, maintaining discipline was another important feature of Ahom military system. There were several instances of punishment of the solders as well as officials by the king due to their inactivity or violation of royal order. In 1638, the Ahom king reproached his officers from the battlefield and gave capital punishments to two Hazarikas for their total inactivity. Similarly, King Chakradhvaj Singha warned his commanders against slackness and delinquency. Even Lachit Barphukon, the commander of Ahom army declared inactivity as a capital offence.14 Moreover, regarding the strict discipline of Ahom army, Persian historian Sihabuddin Talish said that the soldiers were beheaded for any charge in the battle- field.15 Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 654 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Originally the main war weapons of Ahom were swords, flat spears, dagger, bows and arrows.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Forgotten Saga of Rangpur's Ahoms
    High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 The Forgotten Saga of Rangpur’s Ahoms - An Ethnographic Approach Barnali Chetia, PhD, Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Vadodara, India. Department of Linguistics Abstract- Mong Dun Shun Kham, which in Assamese means xunor-xophura (casket of gold), was the name given to the Ahom kingdom by its people, the Ahoms. The advent of the Ahoms in Assam was an event of great significance for Indian history. They were an offshoot of the great Tai (Thai) or Shan race, which spreads from the eastward borders of Assam to the extreme interiors of China. Slowly they brought the whole valley under their rule. Even the Mughals were defeated and their ambitions of eastward extensions were nipped in the bud. Rangpur, currently known as Sivasagar, was that capital of the Ahom Kingdom which witnessed the most glorious period of its regime. Rangpur or present day sivasagar has many remnants from Ahom Kingdom, which ruled the state closely for six centuries. An ethnographic approach has been attempted to trace the history of indigenous culture and traditions of Rangpur's Ahoms through its remnants in the form of language, rites and rituals, religion, archaeology, and sacred sagas. Key Words- Rangpur, Ahoms, Culture, Traditions, Ethnography, Language, Indigenous I. Introduction “Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Round the decay of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare, the lone and level sands stretch far away.” -P.B Shelley Rangpur or present day Sivasagar was one of the most prominent capitals of the Ahom Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Mohammedan Invasion (1206 &1226 AD) of Kamrupa Took
    The first Mohammedan invasion (1206 &1226 AD) of Kamrupa took place during the reign of a king called Prithu who was killed in a battle with Illtutmish's son Nassiruddin in 1228. During the second invasion by Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak or Tughril Khan, about 1257 AD, the king of Kamrupa Saindhya (1250-1270AD) transferred the capital 'Kamrup Nagar' to Kamatapur in the west. From then onwards, Kamata's ruler was called Kamateshwar. During the last part of 14th century, Arimatta was the ruler of Gaur (the northern region of former Kamatapur) who had his capital at Vaidyagar. And after the invasion of the Mughals in the 15th century many Muslims settled in this State and can be said to be the first Muslim settlers of this region. Chutia Kingdom During the early part of the 13th century, when the Ahoms established their rule over Assam with the capital at Sibsagar, the Sovansiri area and the area by the banks of the Disang river were under the control of the Chutias. According to popular Chutia legend, Chutia king Birpal established his rule at Sadia in 1189 AD. He was succeeded by ten kings of whom the eighth king Dhirnarayan or Dharmadhwajpal, in his old age, handed over his kingdom to his son-in-law Nitai or Nityapal. Later on Nityapal's incompetent rule gave a wonderful chance to the Ahom king Suhungmung or Dihingia Raja, who annexed it to the Ahom kingdom.Chutia Kingdom During the early part of the 13th century, when the Ahoms established their rule over Assam with the capital at Sibsagar, the Sovansiri area and the area by the banks of the Disang river were under the control of the Chutias.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 2: Administration Under the Ahom Monarchy
    Unit 2 Administration under the Ahom Monarchy UNIT 2: ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE AHOM MONARCHY UNIT STRUCTURE 2.1 Learning Objectives 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Administrative System of the Ahoms 2.3.1 Central Administration 2.3.2 Local Administration 2.3.3 Judicial Administration 2.3.4 Revenue Administration 2.3.5 Military Administration 2.4 Let Us Sum Up 2.5 10 Further Reading 2.6 Answers to Check Your Progress 2.7 Model Questions 2.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to: l Discuss the form of government in the Ahom administration, l Explain the central and local administration of the Ahoms, l Describe the judicial administration of the Ahoms, l Discuss the revenue administration of the Ahoms, l Explain the military administration of the Ahoms. 2.2 INTRODUCTION In the last unit, you have read about the Ahom Monarchy at its high peak. In this unit, we shall discuss the Ahom system of administration that stood at the base of the mighty Ahom Empire. We shall discuss the form of government, central and local administration, judicial administration revenue administration and military administration of the Ahoms. 22 History of Assam from the 17th Century till 1947 C.E. Administration under the Ahom Monarchy Unit 2 2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF THE AHOMS The Ahoms are a section of the great Tai race. They established a kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley in the early part of the 13th century and ruled Assam till the first quarter of the 19th century until the establishment of the authority of the British East India Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Golaghat ZP-F
    Statement showing Detailed list of community hall and location of AP -wise and GP- wise as per populatation ,2001 FEA (SFC) 26/2012/41 dt. 28.02.2012 Total Sl Name of ZP, APs and Gaon Population as District name List of GP (1st Phash) No Panchayat per census 2001 2011-12 12 3 4 5 ZILLA PARISHAD GOLAGHAT 873924 14 TOTAL ZILLA PARISHAD -I 873924 ANCHALIC PANCHAYAT 1 GOLAGHAT CENTRAL 118546 2 2 GOLAGHAT EAST 88554 1 3 GOLAGHAT NORTH 42349 1 4 GOLAGHAT SOUTH 195854 3 5 GOLAGHAT WEST 179451 3 6 GOMARIGURI 104413 2 7 KAKODONGA 54955 1 8 MORONGI 89802 1 TOTAL ANCHALIC PANCHAYAT -I 873924 14 GOAN PANCHAYAT GOLAGHAT 1 GOLAGHAT CENTRAL AP 1 BETIONI 9201 2 DAKHIN DAKHINHENGERA 9859 3 DAKHIN GURJOGANIA 8457 4 DHEKIAL 8663 5 HABICHOWA 7479 HABICHOWA 6 HAUTOLI 7200 7 KACHUPATHAR 9579 8 KATHALGURI 6543 KATHALGURI 9 KHUMTAI 7269 10 SENSOWA 12492 11 UTTER DAKHINHENGERA 7864 12 UTTER GURJOGANIA 10142 13 UTTER KOMARBONDHA 13798 AP Sub-Total 118546 GOLAGHAT 2 GOLAGHAT EAST AP 14 ATHGAON 6426 15 ATHKHELIA 6983 16 BALIJAN 7892 17 BENGENAKHOWA 7418 18 FURKATING 7274 19 GHILADHARI 10122 20 GOLAGHAT 7257 21 KAMARBANDHA 6678 KAMARBANDHA 22 KOLIAPANI 6265 23 MARKONG 5203 24 OATING 8128 23 12 3 4 5 25 PULIBOR 8908 AP Sub-Total 88554 GOLAGHAT 3 GOLAGHAT NORTH AP 26 MADHYA BRAHMAPUTRA 8091 27 MADHYA MISAMORA 7548 28 PACHIM BRAHMAPUTRA 8895 PACHIM BRAHMAPUTRA 29 PACHIM MISAMORA 8382 30 PUB MISAMORA 9433 AP Sub-Total 42349 GOLAGHAT 4 GOLAGHAT SOUTH AP 31 CHUNGAJAN 13943 32 CHUNGAJAN MAZGAON 5923 33 CHUNGAJAN MIKIR VILLAGES 7401 34 GANDHKOROI 10847 35 GELABIL 12224 36
    [Show full text]
  • 1Edieval Assam
    .-.':'-, CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION : Historical Background of ~1edieval Assam. (1) Political Conditions of Assam in the fir~t half of the thirt- eenth Century : During the early part of the thirteenth Century Kamrup was a big and flourishing kingdom'w.ith Kamrupnagar in the· North Guwahat.i as the Capital. 1 This kingdom fell due to repeated f'.1uslim invasions and Consequent! y forces of political destabili t.y set in. In the first decade of the thirteenth century Munammedan 2 intrusions began. 11 The expedition of --1205-06 A.D. under Muhammad Bin-Bukhtiyar proved a disastrous failure. Kamrtipa rose to the occasion and dealt a heavy blow to the I"'!Uslim expeditionary force. In 1227 A.D. Ghiyasuddin Iwaz entered the Brahmaputra valley to meet with similar reverse and had to hurry back to Gaur. Nasiruddin is said to have over-thrown the I<~rupa King, placed a successor to the throne on promise of an annual tribute. and retired from Kamrupa". 3 During the middle of the thirteenth century the prosperous Kamrup kingdom broke up into Kamata Kingdom, Kachari 1. (a) Choudhury,P.C.,The History of Civilisation of the people of-Assam to the twelfth Cen­ tury A.D.,Third Ed.,Guwahati,1987,ppe244-45. (b) Barua, K. L. ,·Early History of :Kama r;upa, Second Ed.,Guwahati, 1966, p.127 2. Ibid. p. 135. 3. l3asu, U.K.,Assam in the l\hom J:... ge, Calcutta, 1 1970, p.12. ··,· ·..... ·. '.' ' ,- l '' '.· 2 Kingdom., Ahom Kingdom., J:ayantiya kingdom and the chutiya kingdom. TheAhom, Kachari and Jayantiya kingdoms continued to exist till ' ' the British annexation: but the kingdoms of Kamata and Chutiya came to decay by- the turn of the sixteenth century~ · .
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Towns, Trade and Taxation System in Medieval Assam Pjaee, 17 (7) (2020)
    A STUDY OF TOWNS, TRADE AND TAXATION SYSTEM IN MEDIEVAL ASSAM PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) A STUDY OF TOWNS, TRADE AND TAXATION SYSTEM IN MEDIEVAL ASSAM 1Ebrahim Ali Mondal, Assistant Professor of History , B.N. College, Dhubri Assam, India E-mail:[email protected] Ebrahim Ali Mondal, Assistant Professor of History , A Study of Towns, Trade and Taxation system in Medieval Assam--Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7). ISSN 1567-214x Keywords- Towns; Trade; Artisans; Crafts; Taxation; production; Sources Abstract: The present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the growth of towns and trading activities as well as the system of taxation system in Assam during the period under study. The towns were filled by the various kinds of artisans and they produced numerous types of crafts such as textiles Sericulture, Dyeing, Gold and Silver works, Copper and Brass works, Iron works, Gunpowder, Bow and Arrow making, Boat-building, Woodcraft, Pottery and Clay modeling, Brick making, Stone works, Ivory, and carving works. The crafts of Assam were much demand in local markets as well as other regions of India. The towns gradually acquired the status of urban centres of production and distribution. Regular, weekly and fortnightly markets as well as fairs from time to time were held throughout Assam where the traders purchased with their goods for sale. In the business community which was included the whole-sellers, retailers and brokers; they all had a flourishing business. Therefore, the towns were the one of the major source of income as a result the kings of Assam had built several custom houses, many gateways and toll gates in order to raise taxes of imports and exports and to check the activities of the merchants' class.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic and Demographic Status of Assam: a Comparative Analysis of Assam with India Dr
    International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS) A Peer-Reviewed Bi-monthly Bi-lingual Research Journal ISSN: 2349-6959 (Online), ISSN: 2349-6711 (Print) Volume-I, Issue-III, November 2014, Page No. 108-117 Published by Scholar Publications, Karimganj, Assam, India, 788711 Website: http://www.ijhsss.com Socio-Economic and Demographic status of Assam: A comparative analysis of Assam with India Dr. Soma Dhar Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Assam University, Silchar, India Abstract The status of various indicators like, Socio-economic height, representation of demographic, human development ranking etc. can give us a rough picture about our economy. Assam is one of among the eight Sister States of North East India. It is the land of hills, valleys, mighty river Brahmaputra. The paper is based on the secondary data. The broad objective of the paper is to highlight the various facts & figures of Assam and compare these with facts & figures of all India averages. The analysis of the data shows that, though in some cases the performance of state Assam is satisfactorily than the all India average. But in major other areas, the position and performance of Assam is not satisfactorily compared to the all India average. In case of various socio-economic, demographic, human development indicators Assam is far behind from India. Key Wards: Socio-economic condition, Demographic status, Human development rank, Gender development, Nutrition status etc. Socio-economic condition and representation of demographic, human development status etc. are some important indicators which help to measure the development level of any community or state. According to Afzal (1995) and Bose (2006) development of medical science has improved the longevity of human population at the same time there are strong and well documented associations between health and socio-economic and other factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Brahmaputra River by Numerical Modeling
    INVESTIGATION OF ARTIFICIAL CHANNELIZATION ON BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BY NUMERICAL MODELING A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT (CIVIL) AFEWORK ASHAGRI s1RAL LIA R (2-)88t 14P C ACC• N3 . ........... T• ROOR~~~ Jam'` L S~Jv X 4 X > DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE -247 667 (INDIA) JUNE, 2012 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE CANDIDA IF 'S DECL21 k lTION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the thesis entitled "INVESTIGATION OF ARTIFICIAL, CHANNELIZATION ON BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BY NUMERICAL MODELING" in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in Water Resources Development (Civil Engineering) and submitted in the Department of Water Resources Development and Management of the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from July, 2010 to June, 2012 under the supervision of Dr. Nayan Sharma, Professor, Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India. The matter presented in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree of this or any other Institute. Place: Roorkee Date: 41 ,L ~oI L- (AFEWORIC ASHAGRIE) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. (Dr. Nayan Sharma) Professor, Department of Water Resources Development and Management IIT Roorkee Roorkee-247667 India ABSTRACT Brahmaputra river system is very complex because of its braided flow pattern and high sediment load.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Statistics Assam University, Silchar
    DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS ASSAM UNIVERSITY, SILCHAR List of Registered Alumni of the Department of Statistics, Assam University, Silchar All of them have pursued M. Sc (Statistics) program from the department Year of Your Current Your Current Mobile completion Affiliation Designation Sl. No. Name E-mail Number Debopama 2016 None None 1 Bhattacharya [email protected] 8133078014 Business, place 2016 Bongaigaon Entrepreneur 2 Dipshikha Baruah [email protected] 8638415125 RKP ASSOCIATES, Janiganj Bazar, 2016 Silchar, Pin-788001 Senior Assistant 3 Piyali Ghosh [email protected] 9435586758 Bakhal Dhar LPS, Anupama Paul [email protected] 7578971845 2016 Cachar Assistant Teacher 4 Srikishan Sarda Smita Dev [email protected] 9954167249 2016 College, Hailakandi Guest faculty 5 1 Year of Your Current Your Current Mobile completion Affiliation Designation Sl. No. Name E-mail Number Alankit House, Guwahati Anupoma Singha [email protected] 6002629655 2016 Ullubari,781007 Data Entry Operator 6 Evelyn learning Pvt. Limited, Ghitorni, New Subject matter expert 2017 Delhi (Statistics) 7 Aditi Chakraborty [email protected] 8486151814 Department of Statistics, Institute of Science, Banaras Senior Research 2017 Hindu University Fellow 8 Utpal Dhar Das [email protected] 9932312411 Bireshwar 2018 None None 9 Bhattacharjee [email protected] 9531045037 2018 None Private Tutor 10 Bornali Das [email protected] 8811932588 Studying PG diploma in Statistical Methods and Analytics at ISI, 2018 Tezpur Student 11 Indrajit Mazumder [email protected] 7002082656 Rangirkhari, Lane 2018 no.1, House no. 16 Student 12 Satabdi Roy [email protected] 9101489340 Studying at teachers' training college , 2018 silchar , assam Students 13 Suraj Goswami [email protected] 8638527300 2019 None None 14 Bikram Jyoti Sinha [email protected] 7086434306 2 Year of Your Current Your Current Mobile completion Affiliation Designation Sl.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER II GEOGRAPHICAL IDENTITY of the REGION Ahom
    CHAPTER II GEOGRAPHICAL IDENTITY OF THE REGION Ahom and Assam are inter-related terms. The word Ahom means the SHAN or the TAI people who migrated to the Brahma­ putra valley in the 13th Century A.D. from their original homeland MUNGMAN or PONG situated in upper Bunna on the Irrawaddy river. The word Assam refers to the Brahmaputra valley and the adjoining areas where the Shan people settled down and formed a kingdom with the intention of permanently absorbing in the land and its heritage. From the prehistoric period to about 13th/l4 Century A.D. Assam was referred to as Kamarupa and Pragjyotisha in Indian literary works and historical accounts. Early Period ; Area and Jurisdiction In the Ramayana and Mahabharata and in the Puranik and Tantrik literature, there are numerous references to ancient Assam, which was known as Pragjyotisha in the epics and Kamarupa in the Puranas and Tantras. V^Tien the stories related to it inserted in the Maha­ bharata, it stretched southward as far as the Bay of Bengal and its western boundary was river Karotoya. This was then a river of the first order and united in its bed the streams which now form the Tista, the Kosi and the Mahanada.^ 14 15 According to the most of the Puranas dealing with geo­ graphy of the earlier period, the kingdom extended upto the river Karatoya in the west and included Manipur, Jayantia, Cachar, parts of Mymensing, Sylhet, Rangpur and portions of 2 Bhutan and Nepal. The Yogini Yantra (V I:16-18) describes the boundary as - Nepalasya Kancanadrin Bramaputrasye Samagamam Karotoyam Samarabhya Yavad Dipparavasinara Uttarasyam Kanjagirah Karatoyatu pascime tirtharestha Diksunadi Purvasyam giri Kanyake Daksine Brahmaputrasya Laksayan Samgamavadhih Kamarupa iti Khyatah Sarva Sastresu niscitah.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism Sector in Assam: Its Economic Contribution and Challenges Purabi Gogoi Research Scholar, Dept
    Pratidhwani the Echo A Peer-Reviewed International Journal of Humanities & Social Science ISSN: 2278-5264 (Online) 2321-9319 (Print) Impact Factor: 6.28 (Index Copernicus International) Volume-VI, Issue-II, October 2017, Page No. 214-219 Published by Dept. of Bengali, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India Website: http://www.thecho.in Tourism Sector in Assam: Its Economic Contribution and Challenges Purabi Gogoi Research Scholar, Dept. of Economics, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India Abstract Assam is endowed with natural and cultural resources which can form the basis for a very lucrative tourism industry creating employment and generating revenues. Though, it has the great potentialities for the development of tourism, but due to very limited government funds made available to the tourism sector and other various types of challenges, its contribution is not so much encouraging. To encourage tourism sector in Assam, proper infrastructure facilities, trained tourist guide and also proper cooperation and help of public, private and NGOs sector is needed. Keywords: Assam, Tourism, Economic contribution Introduction: Tourism primarily relates to movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence, pleasure being the usual motivation. It induces economic activity either directly or indirectly. This could be in terms of economic output or in terms of employment generation, besides other social and infrastructural dimensions. Assam is endowed with natural and cultural resources which can form the basis for a very lucrative tourism industry creating employment and generating income not only in the urban centers but also in the rural areas. Assam can become one of the most destinations of tourism in India because of its magnificent tourism products like exotic wildlife, awesome scenic beauty, colorful fairs and festivals, age old historical monuments, lush green tea gardens and golf courses, massive river Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Assam and the Brahmaputra: Recurrent Flooding and Internal Displacement Sabira Coelho
    The State of Environmental Migration 2011 ASSAM AND THE BRAHMAPUTRA: RECURRENT FLOODING AND INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT SABIRA COELHO Assam epitomizes images of natural beauty: wild- flood-prone regions of the country and even for life sanctuaries, tea estates and lush rainforests. It other countries in South Asia, like Bangladesh, who is the largest of the “seven sisters”, the states that confront the same issue. Also, solving the conun- make up the north-eastern wing of India. Right drum faced by Majuli, a sinking river island, would through the heart of this state runs the Brahma- contribute to possible solutions for island nations putra, the second largest braided river in the world, that could face the same predicament in the future. known for its meandering and frequent changes The first section of the paper will give an outline of course (Brahmaputra Board, ). The name of the demographics of the region, including the Brahmaputra means “the son of Brahma”, who existing migration patterns. The second section in Hindu mythology is the creator of all humans will discuss the floods (focusing on ) and con- and along with Vishnu, the preserver, and Shiva, sequent environmental degradation, its influence the destroyer, forms the “Great Trinity”. The Brah- on demographic trends and the prospects in light maputra created Majuli, a river island situated of climate change. The final section will assess the mid-stream, by gradually depositing sediment to policies relating to flood control and dealing with form an alluvial plain (ASI, ). However, the internal migration. Brahmaputra over time is transforming into Shiva, evidenced by the destruction it has caused in the Assamese part of the Brahmaputra river valley.
    [Show full text]