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Brahmaputra River by Numerical Modeling

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Brahmaputra River by Numerical Modeling INVESTIGATION OF ARTIFICIAL CHANNELIZATION ON BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BY NUMERICAL MODELING A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT (CIVIL) AFEWORK ASHAGRI s1RAL LIA R (2-)88t 14P C ACC• N3 . ........... T• ROOR~~~ Jam'` L S~Jv X 4 X > DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE -247 667 (INDIA) JUNE, 2012 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE CANDIDA IF 'S DECL21 k lTION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the thesis entitled "INVESTIGATION OF ARTIFICIAL, CHANNELIZATION ON BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BY NUMERICAL MODELING" in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in Water Resources Development (Civil Engineering) and submitted in the Department of Water Resources Development and Management of the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from July, 2010 to June, 2012 under the supervision of Dr. Nayan Sharma, Professor, Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India. The matter presented in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree of this or any other Institute. Place: Roorkee Date: 41 ,L ~oI L- (AFEWORIC ASHAGRIE) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. (Dr. Nayan Sharma) Professor, Department of Water Resources Development and Management IIT Roorkee Roorkee-247667 India ABSTRACT Brahmaputra river system is very complex because of its braided flow pattern and high sediment load. It is one of the most braided river in the world in which the width of the river extends up to 22 km. Constructing hydraulic structures like a bridge across the river along wide cross section will be difficult unless channelization works are provided. The first part of the study is developing a mathematical model for the river by using HEC RAS 4.1.0. Sediment transport capacity of the river has been done by using different method of transportation functions like Ackers-White, Yang and Engelend-Hansen methods. The result shows that Yang's method of transportation function gives a better result for Brahmaputra River when it is compared with the other transportation functions. From these transportation functions Ackers-White method of transportation function gives high value of sediment transport capacity and high value of change in channel invert. The second part of the study is to channelize the river by putting river training structures at selected nodal points. These nodal points are selected . based on the channel geometry and property in which channelization of the river can be possible. Some cross sections of the river are much braided in nature and it may not be economical to confine the flow over the whole reach of the river Flow guide bunds are adopted as a river training structure to confine and guide the flow to a gentle channel. Especially these structures are constructed on the banks of the river at bridge site locations to guide and confine the flow. Other structures which are adopted as channelization work are closing of secondary channels by putting bed bars, permeable• spurs, porcupine screens, Jack Jetty etc. The change of flow parameters have been compared before and after channelization of the river. There is an increase of velocity, shear stress, and sediment capacity at the cross section in which channelization is made' and up to a certain distance downstream of it. The water surface elevation also increases in the upstream sections up to a certain distance depending on the magnitude of the waterway and depth of channel. Key Words: Numerical Model, Sediment Transport, Channelization, Hump/Bed Sill ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Above all I want to thank the Almighty GOD for his eternal Love and helping me in my stay in India and through my life. I would like to express my gratitude to my guide Dr. Nayan Sharma for his invaluable guidance, encouragement, and advice. I highly appreciate his constructive and valuable advices during my study especially on my research work. Without his support this work would not be realized. My gratitude goes to all professors in the department of Water Resources Development and Management for their help during my study in IIT Roorkee. I would like to thank ITEC for granting me to pursue my study and Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee for giving me the chance to study in India. At last but not least, I would like to express my deepest thanks for my family supporting me through my life. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......................................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................. iii LISTOF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................vi LISTOF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. ix 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1 1.1. General ....................................................................................................................................1 1.2. Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.4. Relevance of Study ...................................................................................................................4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Sediment Transport in Alluvial Rivers ...................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Stream Slope .................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Stream Bed changes during the floods ..............................................................................7 2.2.3 Degradation and Aggradations ..........................................................................................7 2.2 Numerical Modeling of rivers ................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Numerical Models ...........................................9 2.2.3 Available Numerical Models for River Engineering .......................................................10 2.4 HEC RAS, River Analysis System .........................................................................................12 2.4.1 Steady Flow Water Surface Profiles ................................................................................13 2.4.2 Unsteady Flow Simulation ..............................................................................................14 2.4.3 Sediment Transport/Movable Boundary Computations ...................................................14 2.5 Theoretical Basis for One-Dimensional Flow Calculation .......................................................15 2.5.1 Equations for Basic Profile Calculations .........................................................................15 2.5.2 Cross Section Subdivission for Conveyance Calculation .................................................16 2.5.3 Composite Manning's n for the main channel .................................................................17 2.5.4 Evaluation of Mean Kinetic Energy Head ......................................................................18 2.5.5 Friction Loss Evaluation .................................................................................................19 2.5.6 Contraction and Expansion Loss Evaluation ................................................................... 20 iii 2.5.7 Bed Roughnes Functions ..................................................... ...................................... .....20 2.5.8 Sediment Transport Capacity ............................... .......................................... .................20 2.5.9 Sediment Gradation .......................................... ......................................................... .....20 2.5.10 Sediment Transport Functions .....................................................................................21 2.6 Channelization of River ................................................... ........................................ ............... 25 2.6.1 Some Channelized Rivers ............................................................................................... 25 2.7 Previous Studies on Brahmaputra River .................................................................................
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