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Kiddush Hashem – Rabbi Chapper

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Kiddush Hashem – Rabbi Chapper The Great BES Debate (Tikkun Leil 5781/2021) What is the Most Important Mitzvah in the Torah? Kiddush Hashem – Rabbi Chapper 1 Vayikra 22:29-23:4 ְִָזתּבּחוּ: לְֹרֶצנכם ְוִיכ־ְְִזתבּחוֶּ ַלה'ְִ ַזבח־תָּוֹדה ַבּהםאה יּוּ וֹלָתלתכֵַאוֹי ימּוֹּ־ראמֵ בִּוּﬠנִּ ֹראַק־דֶ ֲֶנ יִ 'ה : שׁוּ מְ ַ תְּ ר ֶ ם ִ מ ְ צ וֹ ַ ת י םֶתּ ְשׁ נאה': ֲי ָֹאתִם ַוֲִﬠֶישׂתם ֵָשׂרא נִיְ ֵיבּ תּבּתוֹ`ְ ִשְׁוְַנקְדִּשׁיְ ְקִדי ְַתְחלּלוּ ֶאת־ֵשׁםָ ְוֹלא לא ֲ ִ נ י 'ה ְקמ ַדּ ִשׁ ְכ :ֶם ַהמּ צוֹ ִ אי ֶת א ְכ םֶ םֶ ְכ ֶת א אי ִ צוֹ ַלםיְרִמצ לתםִאה קִ Vְֲלםוֹיכני ִֵֶיהאָ ‘: ץֶרֵמא ֶ ץֶרֵמא אל־ֶֹמשׁה ֶה' ְֵַַוידבּר ֵֹלּ:ראמ םֲוֹמיָדﬠ אהה שֵׁלּ ֵֶ יֶדרמקאק ם קוּאְִָתֵֹ ֶ'האְְִרשׁ־ֹרָתּא יֵדﬠֲ םבֲּוֹמ אללררא־שׂאמלתּאהנ יו יֵ ֲרְבּ ְְִֵַָָדְֵֵֶֶַָּ ֲרְבּ יֵ יו אללררא־שׂאמלתּאהנ םבֲּוֹמ יֵדﬠֲ ֶ'האְְִרשׁ־ֹרָתּא קוּאְִָתֵֹ ם יֶדרמקאק ֵֶ שֵׁלּ אהה םֲוֹמיָדﬠ When you sacrifice a thanksgiving offering to Hashem, sacrifice it so that it may be acceptable in your favour. It shall be eaten on the same day; you shall not leave any of it until morning: I am Hashem. You shall faithfully observe My commandments: I am Hashem. You shall not profane My holy name, that I may be sanctified in the midst of the Israelite people - I am Hashem who sanctifies you, I who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your G-d, I am Hashem. Hashem spoke to Moses, saying: Speak to the Israelite people and say to them: These are My fixed times, the fixed times of Hashem, which you shall proclaim as sacred occasions. On six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there shall be a sabbath of complete rest, a sacred occasion. You shall do no work; it shall be a sabbath of Hashem throughout your settlements. These are the set times of Hashem, the sacred occasions, which you shall celebrate each at its appointed time 2 Sifra 22:138, (cited by the Rambam in Sefer HaMitzvot, Positive Mitzvah #9) איצומה םכתא ץראמ רצמ םי - לע אנת י ה ו יתאצ םכתא ץראמ רצמ י .ם לע אנת י רסמתש ו תא םכמצע שדקל תא ימש תא שדקל םכמצע תא ו רסמתש י אנת לע .ם י רצמ ץראמ םכתא יתאצ ו ה י אנת לע נא י 'ה רשא וה יתאצ םכתא ץראמ םירצמ יהל תו םכל םיהלאל ( ו ארקי ה"כ )ח"ל לע תנמ ושדקתש ימש םיברב ימש ושדקתש תנמ לע )ח"ל ה"כ ארקי ו ( םיהלאל םכל תו יהל םירצמ “I am G-d, Who brought you out from the land of Egypt, to be a G-d unto you” – On condition that you should sanctify My Name in public. 3 Sefer HaChinuch 296 צמ ו ת דק ו ש םשה - וטצנש י נ ו שדקל תא .םשה רמאנש ( ו ארקי בכ )בל ו יתשדקנ ךותב נב י .לארשי רמולכ רסמנש רסמנש רמולכ .לארשי י נב ךותב יתשדקנ ו )בל בכ ארקי ו ( רמאנש .םשה תא שדקל ו נ י וטצנש נפנש ו תומל לע יק םו תוצמ .תדה רבכו וראב ורכז םנ הכרבל יפמ הלבקה ןמו םיבותכה יאב הז נע י ן יאבו ז ו הוצמ הוצמ ו ז יאבו ן י נע הז יאב םיבותכה ןמו הלבקה יפמ הכרבל םנ ורכז וראב רבכו .תדה תוצמ םו יק לע תומל ו נפנש וצנט י נ ו ,הזב ףאו לע יפ בותכש הרותב יחו ,םהב עמשמד ו אל תומיש םהב רבכ לבק ו ,םה אלש רמאנ ארקמ הז לכבלבה רמ מנאש ם ולק ב נע י ן ו לכב .הרבע יפמו הלבקה נא ו יח י ן לכב רבד י ותה .הר ו רפב שו רמא ו רכז ו םנ הכרבל רדהנס( י ן דע , )א , כ י שלש שלש י כ , )א , דע ן י רדהנס( הכרבל םנ ו רכז ו רמא שו רפב ו .הר ותה י רבד לכב ן י יח ו נא הלבקה יפמו .הרבע לכב ו ן י נע צמ ו ת םה יחש ב םדאה יש רה ג ו לא י רבע הבם ,םלועל םהו הדובע הרז לכו יבא .אהרז ,רמולכ לכ נע י ן ,הלש רוסאה רוסאה ,הלש ן י נע לכ ,רמולכ .אהרז יבא לכו הרז הדובע םהו ,םלועל הבם נל ו חכמ ואלה י ן ידחימה ן ב ,ה ומכו שרפנש הטמל תרזעב .םשה ןכו לג ו י ירע תו לכו יבא ,אהרז תוכיפשו :םימד םאש םאש :םימד תוכיפשו ,אהרז יבא לכו תו ירע י ו לג ןכו .םשה תרזעב הטמל שרפנש ומכו ,ה אירמ ו ול םדאל דבע הדובע הרז וא ךגרהנ גרהי אול ,הדבעי אוף לע יפ ובלש םימת ומאב ותנ תאריב ,םשה ףא לע יפי עף ,ש אי ונוא ית בש פל ו ,דע אל ריךרנ אהזהועדעםא ו ואר ןכ הוטצנ גרהיש לאו השעי השעמה ערה אוהה אלו ןתי םוקמ לא ריבעמה בשחל אוהש רפכ םשב ,ש סרפאןולו סרפאןולו ,ש וא(מ ר ח ו ) לע תנמ כ ן יתאצוה םכתא ץראמ רצמ ,םי ושידקתש תא ימש .םיברב ו ומכ כ ן םיתשב נרכזש ו , גרהי לאו לאו גרהי , ו נרכזש םיתשב ן כ ומכ ו .םיברב ימש תא ושידקתש ,םי רצמ ץראמ םכתא יתאצוה ן כ תנמ לע ) ו ח ר וא(מ ,רעיב ומכ נרמאש ו רא וכ רי The commandment of sanctification of the Name: That we were commanded to sanctify the Name, as it is stated (Leviticus 22:32), "and I will be sanctified in the midst of the Children of Israel," - meaning to say that we surrender our souls for the observance of the commandments of the religion. And they, may their memory be blessed, have already elucidated from the tradition and from the verses in which manner and for which commandment, we are commanded about this. And even though it is written in the Torah, "and live by them" (Leviticus 18:5), which implies, and not that you should die by them - they already received that this verse is not stated in every matter and 1 for every sin. And [it is] through the tradition that we live in all [the] words of the Torah. And in explanation, they, may their memory be blessed, said (Sanhedrin 74a) that there are three commandments which one is always obligated to be killed and not transgress them. And these are: idolatry and any of its trappings - meaning, all of its matters that are prohibited on the strength of its specific negative commandments, as we will explain below with God's help; and also, sexual immorality and all of its trappings; and murder. Such that if they say to a person, "Worship idolatry or we will kill you," he should be killed and not worship. Even though his heart is pure in his faith with the fear of God, nonetheless he is commanded that he be killed and not commit this evil act, and not give room to the assailant to think that he has denied God. And the language of Sifra, Emor, Chapter 9:6, "For this reason I took you out of the Land of Egypt, so that you will publicly sanctify My name." And likewise for the other two that we mentioned - he must be killed and not transgress, as we said. שרש צמ ו ה ז ו , י עוד יכ םדאה אל ארבנ קר דבעל וארוב ימו וניאש רסומ ופוג לע תדבע ינודא ו ונניא דבע ,בוט ירהו ינב נ רו בטדע ני ויואתב ע פגרו ויש מ ורבדע ראב לםא י ו םדא ורסמי םתושפנ לע ודא נ ,םהי לק רמחו לע תוצמ ךלמ יכלמ םיכלמה שודקה ךורב אוה ךורב שודקה םיכלמה יכלמ ךלמ תוצמ לע רמחו לק ,םהי נ ודא לע םתושפנ ורסמי םדא The root of this commandment is well-known. As Man was only created to serve his Creator. And one who does not sacrifice his body in the service of his master is not a good servant. And behold [since] people do give their souls for their masters, all the more so [should we] for the commandment of the King of kings, the Holy One, blessed be He. 4 Isaiah 49:3 ָא־יִדְּבַﬠ הָתּ֑ ֵאָרְשִׂ י ל֕ ֖™ְבּ־רֶשֲׁא ָאָפְּתֶא רֽ רֽ ָאָפְּתֶא ֖™ְבּ־רֶשֲׁא ל֕ ֵאָרְשִׂ י הָתּ֑ ָא־יִדְּבַﬠ You are My Servant Israel - through whom I will be glorified. 5 Michtav MeEliyahu, vol. 1 p. 22 Kiddush Hashem is the most significant mitzvah in the Torah because it encompasses all of the Torah’s other precepts. Its centrality in everything we do. 6 Shaarei Teshuvah 3:158 The reason that Hashem selected the Jewish people, elevated them above the rest of the nations of the world, and sanctified them with His Torah and mitzvos, is entirely so that they would sanctify His Name. In other words, Kiddush Hashem is the raison d’etre of the Jewish people. Not only is it a mitzvah of great significance; it is the sum total of our mission on this world. 7 Rambam, Mishneh Torah, Foundations of the Torah 5:11 If a person has been scrupulous in his conduct, gentle in his conversation, pleasant toward his fellow creatures, affable in manner when receiving, not retorting even when affronted, but showing courtesy to all, even to those who treat him with disdain, conducting his business affairs with integrity ... And doing more than his duty in all things, while avoiding extremes and exaggerations – such a person has sanctified God. For, a man who does all such deeds or their like, of him the verse says: "And He said unto me, 'you are My servant, Israel in whom I will be glorified'" (Is. 49:3). 8 Rabbi Yissocher Frand, Commuter Chavrusah Torah Tapes on the weekly Torah Portion 2 It’s a beautiful story involving Harold Willner, a member of the Baltimore community illustrating how it’s possible to make a Kiddush Hashem in the most unlikely of circumstances.
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