No Relógio 19:15, Passados Mais De 100 Anos Em Guerra

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No Relógio 19:15, Passados Mais De 100 Anos Em Guerra UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOGRAFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA HUMANA Artur Attarian Cardoso Camarero No relógio 19:15, passados mais de 100 anos em guerra São Paulo 2017 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOGRAFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA HUMANA Artur Attarian Cardoso Camarero No relógio 19:15, passados mais de 100 anos em guerra Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia Humana da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geografia sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Heinz Dieter Heidemann. São Paulo 2017 Ficha de Aprovação Autor: Artur Attarian Cardoso Camarero E-mail: [email protected] Orientador: Prof. Dr. Heinz Dieter Heidemann Título: No relógio 19:15, passados mais de 100 anos em guerra Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia Humana da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geografia. Banca examinadora: Prof(a). Dr(a). __________________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________Assinatura:_________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). __________________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________Assinatura:_________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). __________________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________Assinatura:_________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). __________________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________Assinatura:_________________ Aprovado em:________________________________. Resumo Esta dissertação de início trata das particularidades do processo de mobilização pelo trabalho da imigração armênia no Distrito de Presidente Altino, localizado no município de Osasco, em relação com a capital paulista. Esse processo tem como referencial histórico de mobilização o Genocídio Armênio perpetrado pelo Império Otomano durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), intepretada aqui a partir da mobilização geral (Gaudemar, 1981), momento histórico em que todos os esforços estão voltados para a produção, fazendo da guerra uma constante necessária à acumulação de capitais. Tentamos problematizar os desdobramentos históricos da relação social capitalista que foram transformando os sentidos da acumulação de capitais ao longo do século XX, bem como a dinâmica das personificações daí resultantes, até o contemporâneo capitalismo baseado na reprodução ficctícia do valor. Partindo da pesquisa histórica de trajetórias de mobilização aliada a observações feitas em trabalhos de campo, foram realizadas viagens à Argentina, Uruguai no intuito de apresentar as contradições perceptíveis entre a identidade armênia dessas localidades visitadas e a identidade observada em viagem à Armênia. Palavras-chave: Armênia, Genocídio Armênio, migrações, identidade armênia, mobilização geral. Abstract This dissertation deals with the particularities of the process of mobilization for the work of Armenian immigration in the District of Presidente Altino, located in the municipality of Osasco, in relation to the capital of São Paulo. This process has as a historical reference for mobilization the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1914-1918), interpreted here using the concept of general mobilization (Gaudemar, 1981), historical moment in which all the efforts are directed to the production, requiring constant war to the accumulation of capital. We have tried to problematize the historical unfoldings of the capitalist social relationship that have been transforming the meanings of capital accumulation throughout the twentieth century, as well as the dynamics of the personifications resulting therefrom reaching the contemporary capitalism based on the fictional reproduction of value. Starting from the historical research of mobilization trajectories allied to observations made in field research. Travels were made to Argentina, Uruguay in order to present the perceptible contradictions between the Armenian identity of these visited localities and the identity observed during the travel to Armenia. Keywords: Armenia, Armenian Genocide, migrations, armenian identity, general mobilization. Sumário INTRODUÇÃO....................................................................................................................................2 PARTE UM - Refugiados fazendo a América......................................................................................9 1.1) Presidente Altino, 15 de dezembro de 2015................................................................................10 1.2 Migração e trabalho. Diáspora e cultura.......................................................................................12 1.3) Entrevista com Armênio Burbulhan............................................................................................15 1.4) Suburbana armenidade................................................................................................................23 1.5) Patriarcado, crédito a homens de valor.......................................................................................44 1.6) Entrevista com Hampartsum Moumdjian...................................................................................54 1.7) Relatos platinos...........................................................................................................................68 PARTE DOIS - No relógio 19:15, passados mais de 100 anos em guerra.........................................95 2.1) Yerevan, 03 de outubro................................................................................................................96 2.2) A paternidade histórica da Questão Armênia............................................................................104 2.3) Yerevan, 22 de setembro de 2016..............................................................................................114 2.4) O boom de 1914........................................................................................................................118 2.5) Mobilização geral e extermínio como acumulação de capital na formação nacional da Turquia ..........................................................................................................................................................122 2.6) Yerevan, 19 de setembro de 2016..............................................................................................131 2.7) Yerevan, 10 de outubro..............................................................................................................135 2.8) Shushi, 14 de outubro de 2016..................................................................................................139 2.9) Kapan, 13 de novembro de 2016...............................................................................................154 2.10) Massacre da modernização......................................................................................................158 2.11) Gyumri, três momentos...........................................................................................................165 2.12) Tripla Entrevista: anos escuros e frios....................................................................................170 2.13) Yerevan, 02 de novembro – empreendedorismo social, o capitalismo de bom coração.........173 2.14) Da modernização retardatária ao pulo do sapo.......................................................................175 2.15) Yerevan, 25 de novembro........................................................................................................179 2.16) Entrevista com Lilit.................................................................................................................188 MAPAS REFERENTES À PARTE DOIS........................................................................................206 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS...........................................................................................................209 Agradecimentos................................................................................................................................212 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.............................................................................................214 1 INTRODUÇÃO O texto apresentado é marcado por diferenças significativas entre suas duas partes. Estas diferenças referem-se tanto a estilo quanto a densidade de revisão bibliográfica, ainda que o trabalho de campo esteja presente como principal estratégia de pesquisa em ambas as partes. Desta forma, não foi possível realizar revisões bibliográficas na mesma profundidade sobre a história das várias localidades quando nos encontrávamos na posição de pesquisador-imigrante. No entanto, sem a apresentação deste conjunto de estranhamentos estrangeiros, a Dissertação perderia seu foco central que é apresentar as contradições perceptíveis na identidade armênia que se expressa nas localidades visitadas. De um lado, a escrita acadêmica que lida nos pormenores dos argumentos com diversos debates e autores, longas citações e sem brincadeiras, mas nas entrelinhas alguma fé duvidosa no discurso científico e na sua forma. De outro lado, os cadernos de campo, diversas vezes apresentados diretamente, com muitos
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