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CHINQUAPIN the Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society CHINQUAPIN The Newsletter of the Southern appalachian Botanical Society Volume 23 (3) Fall 2015 Conjurer’s Nut? Or Not: Nestronia umbellula By Lytton John Musselman, drawn away from Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA nestronia by the introduced hon- William Bartram encountered Nestronia umbellula in his travels eysuckle (Lon- and records Native Americans using the fruit as a charm when icera japonica) hunting game, giving this rare, obscure shrub the “common” name which has a very of conjurer’s nut—though the fruit is not a nut. I prefer the simpler similar scent. common name of nestronia. But this does not While a doctoral student at Chapel Hill I asked the late Al explain the ratio Radford what habitat I should search for this parasitic shrub, of staminate to needed for my anatomical research. His response was “tobacco pistillate plants, barns”. The reply of the doyen of southeastern botany reflects how a mystery to be Nestronia staminate flowers. In a single umbel, flowers little is known about the habitat and behavior of this relative of further studied. can be either three or four-merous. Along the Banister sandalwood. (There has been much realignment with the taxa once River, Pittsylvania County, Virginia. Flowers are included in the Santalaceae, but nestronia remains.) However, in small, yellow- part Radford was correct because nestronia will grow in disturbed ish-green, and borne in umbels. Rafinesque, who erected the genus, areas like riverbanks and thought the flowers (Fig. 2) resembled those of daphne (Daphne second growth forests and species, Thymeleaceae). The genus name Nestronia is based on the even around tobacco barns ancient name for daphne. (which today are probably Fruits are produced in mid-summer and are about the size endangered structures). of a cherry, yellowish green in color and with a large single seed A moderate sized, much surrounded by a thin layer of pulp (Fig 3). How they are dispersed branched clonal shrub, is another mystery. I collected a few fruits and was going to grow nestronia occurs in eight them, having had success with other shrub parasites including buf- states in the Piedmont falo nut (Pyrularia pubera) and buckleya (Buckleya distichophylla). region of the Southeast. However, at the time I was preparing the treatment for the Generic Leaves are opposite and Flora of the Southeast and was requested to yield the fruits for unremarkable. The shape of dissection and illustration. Alas, the conjurer’s fruit did not guide the leaves and the mahoga- me and that flora project ny brown color of the stems was discontinued shortly (Fig. 1) resemble those of thereafter with the loss of sweet shrub (Calycanthus my specimens. floridus). In fact, nestronia, Like the other despite its intriguing live- hemi-parasitic shrubs in lihood and female-depau- the Southeast, nestronia Branch of nestronia showing opposite leaves. perate sex life can rightly be is an opportunist, so it classified as a “blah bush”, attaches to a diversity modestly blending into the understory of pine woods. of woody hosts. And in This species is dioecious but the ratio of staminate to pistillate common with this guild plants is drastically unequal. Pistillate plants are extremely rare. I of parasites, the haustoria have visited most of the populations in the Southeast and have seen of nestronia are large (up only two pistillate plants! How is this explained? The only study to 0.5 inches) and have on population biology and reproduction was done by F. C. Sowers distinct folds (known as as a master’s thesis at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte. the mantle) that enwrap Mature nestronia fruit. Stanly County, North He suggested that the paucity of fruit was due to pollinators being the host root. Carolina. 18 Chinquapin 23 (3) The Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society SABS Officers and Executive Council From The Editor’s Desk: fund and the opportunity to compete for For full addresses, see http://sabs.appstate.edu/about/officers student paper and poster awards at the Where are the Students? annual meeting, in addition to receiving Kathy Gould Mathews Chinquapin and getting easy access to Cas- President (2014-2016) Joe Pollard, Newsletter Editor Western Carolina University Just before this issue of Chinquapin went tanea. The most important benefits may be (828) 227-3659 to press, the SABS council members met less tangible – the ability to list a respected [email protected] for their mid-year working session. We had professional society on their résumé, and an a very productive full day of meetings at opportunity to network with other botanical Charles N. Horn Furman University. Complete reports will students and professionals throughout the President-Elect (2015-2016) be presented to the membership next spring region. The student membership rate of $20 Newberry College at the annual meeting. per year is probably not an insurmountable (803) 321-5257, fax (803) 321-5636 hurdle. I really think the biggest problem is [email protected] As always, we received reports on the membership numbers. After dwindling just getting the word out. So I would ask all you SABS members Charles N. Horn for several years, the overall numbers seem Treasurer (2014-2018) to have stabilized recently, which is good who are college faculty to encourage your Newberry College news. The current total is 419 members, in students to join. Send them a link to the (803) 321-5257, fax (803) 321-5636 various categories. However, as I examined SABS web-page, which now allows online [email protected] Mike Held’s very comprehensive report, two membership registration. Or even better, numbers just kept jumping out at me. The buy them a gift membership. The Council Michael E. Held society currently has 233 regular members has agreed to extend last year’s promotional Membership Secretary (2015-2018) offer: if you sign up four new members, you Saint Peter’s University (the biggest category) and 29 student mem- bers. Only 29 students? can get a year’s membership at the e-Jour- (201) 761-6432 nal rate at no cost. (If you prefer to receive [email protected] When I teach population ecology, I tell my classes that a population age-structure Castanea on paper, you would get a $45 Susan Farmer diagram that is narrow at the bottom, as in discount.) To claim this benefit, it may be Recording Secretary (2013-2016) certain European countries today, is predic- easiest to fill out all five membership forms Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College tive of future population shrinkage. Student on paper and mail them together to the (229) 391-5126 members of SABS are the future profes- treasurer, with a note requesting the free [email protected] sional botanists of our region, so I find this membership promotion on yours. situation worrying, both for our society and Finally, for the student members who Lisa Kelly for our discipline. may be reading this, WE’RE GLAD Member at Large (2014-2016) YOU’RE HERE! If you have any sugges- University of North Carolina at Pembroke I know organismal botany isn’t the tions on how SABS can increase its student (910) 325-1470 trendiest field of study, but I’m also certain [email protected] there are a lot more than 29 botany students membership, we’d love to hear them; feel in the Southeast! I’m guessing at least half free to contact me or any member of the Jay Bolin of those 233 regular members are faculty SABS council. Member at Large (2014-2016) at universities and colleges, and each of Catawba College us probably has one or two students, if (704) 637-4450 not more. So the reality isn’t a shortage of [email protected] students, but simply that they haven’t joined SABS Welcomes Jennifer Boyd SABS. Perhaps they’ve never been encour- Our New Members Member at Large (2015-2017) aged to do so. University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Student members of SABS receive tan- Daniel Breen (423) 425-5638 gible benefits such as the ability to apply Robert Floyd [email protected] for research funds through the Earl Core Fredrick Rich Christopher P. Randle Editor-in-Chief of Castanea (2014-2017) Sam Houston State University “Was it not strange that Charles Darwin, who confessed (936) 294-1401 [email protected] himself ‘unable to tell a daisy from a dandelion’ (though in Joe Pollard this he was rather poking fun at himself), should be the one Editor of Chinquapin (2012-2015) not to follow the botanists but to lead them?” Furman University (864) 294-3244 Allan, Mea. Darwin and his Flowers. [email protected] New York, Taplinger Pub. Co., p. 116. On the web at sabs.appstate.edu Chinquapin 23 (3) 19 Sliding Toward Extinction: Thalictrum debile Linda Chafin, Conservation Botanist, fast sliding toward extinction. For these, listing under the Endan- State Botanical Garden of Georgia, Athens gered Species Act may come too late. Thalictrum debile, Southern or Trailing Meadow-Rue, is one example. Found in rich forests over For years, or in some cases decades, dozens of plant species limestone-based floodplains, Thalictrum debile is a dioecious peren- languished in a sort of bureaucratic no-man’s land called federal nial with slender, trailing stems. Its leaves are typical of Thalictrum candidate status. No one argued that these species were in trouble – leaves, bluish-green with several rounded, lobed leaflets per leaf. there was enough information on their vulnerability to justify listing Both pistillate and staminate flowers are in small, inconspicuous them as endangered or threatened. But other species had a higher clusters. The plants are ephemeral, disappearing quickly under- claim on the budgetary resources needed to actually move the spe- ground after an early spring flowering and fruiting.
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