Red Diamond Newsletter, BMA Ctr
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U.S. TRADOC G2 Intelligence Support Activity TRISA Red Diamond Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate Fort Leavenworth, KS Volume 4, Issue 6 JUN 2013 IRREGULAR OPPOSING FORCES COMING SOON! TC 7-100.3 INSIDE THIS ISSUE by Jon H. Moilanen, TRISA-CTID Operations, BMA Ctr Anti-Access OPS ......4 Know the Threat Multi-IED Attacks .....7 Know the Enemy OPFOR ST 7-100 ......9 Fire as Weapon ...... 10 TC 7-100.3 Criminals & SPF ..... 13 Insurgents OEA: Iraq ................ 16 Guerrillas RAFTE-Africa ......... 17 Terrorists Criminals Snipers in an HT .... 18 Affiliates TC 7-100.3............... 22 Adherents CTID Review ........... 27 Training Circular 7-100.3, Irregular Opposing Forces, addresses irregular opposing TRISA Red Diamond forces (OPFOR) for Army training, education, and various leader development is published monthly venues, and represents a composite of actual threats and enemies that by TRISA at CTID. comprise irregular forces. Three primary categories of irregular forces portrayed Send suggestions to by the OPFOR are insurgents, guerrillas, and criminals. Other irregular OPFOR CTID actors in a complex operational environment (OE) include affiliates and ATTN: Red Diamond adherents, and/or other willing, coerced, passive, or unknowing supporters. Dr. Jon H. Moilanen Some irregular OPFOR can be independent, non-aligned individuals. CTID Operations, BMA These actors may operate with regular military forces as a Hybrid Threat (HT) for and training. All of these actors may employ acts of terrorism. (continued at p. 22) Mrs. Angela Wilkins Chief Editor, BMA Irregular Forces Armed individuals or groups who are not members of the regular armed forces, police, or other internal security forces. DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (2013) TRISA-CTID NEWSLETTER DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED RED DIAMOND TOPICS OF INTEREST by Dr. Jon H. Moilanen, TRISA-CTID Operations and Chief, Red Diamond Newsletter, BMA Ctr This issue of Red Diamond begins with a spotlight on insurgents attempted multiple, nearly-simultaneous the pending summer 2013 publication of Army Training improvised explosive device (IED) bombings against a Circular 7-100.3, Irregular Opposing Forces. This TC governing authority and population. Less than half of focuses on irregular Threats of insurgents, guerrillas, the IEDs exploded due to the insurgents’ poor bomb criminal organizations, and terrorists as well as active making skills, the vigilance of several civilians, and the and passive supporters in complex and uncertain conditions skill of government explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) of a dynamic operational environment. The variables of teams to deactivate the IEDs before they detonated. an OE evolve with the interaction among diverse TRISA-CTID published Student Text (ST) 7-100, The combatant and noncombatant state and non-state OPFOR Battle Book for the Operational Environment actors. (OE) v1.0. (2013). ST 7-100 provides a student with an The TRISA Wargaming, Experimentation, Test, and overview of the the Decisive Action Training Environment Evaluation Directorate (WETED) provides insights on (DATE); operational and tactical level Hybrid Threat (HT) anti-access operations in its participation as a Red doctrine; types of HT organizations, and characteristics Team with robust and adaptive Threat capabilities in of key weapons and equipment found in those regular wargames, experiments, tests, and other related Army and/or irregular forces. and joint evaluation requirements. The tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) used by “Know the Threat—Know the Enemy!” Threats can incorporate fire as a weapon in adaptive Email your topic recommendations to: ways. Whether a simple diesel-fuel initiated fire or a Dr. Jon H. Moilanen, CTID Operations, BMA CTR fuel-air explosive or thermobaric weapon warhead, [email protected] awareness and understanding of tactical options is one and of several ongoing research projects at TRISA-CTID. Mrs. Angela M. Wilkins, Chief Editor, BMA CTR A TRISA Threat Report, Series of IED Attacks in Pattani, [email protected] Thailand, assesses a 20-hour period in early 2013 when Red Diamond Page 2 Director’s Corner: Thoughts for Training Readiness CTID by Jon Cleaves, Director, Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate Our Hybrid Threat Train-the-Trainer is set for 23-27 September 2013 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. This annual resident training focuses on those that have roles and responsibilities in portraying a challenging and realistic Threat in Army training, professional education, and leader development venues. The profile of our attendees is purposely varied due to the many different types of activities, organizations, and institutions that require and use a credible Threat in their missions. In many instances, a Hybrid Threat provides the diverse and dynamic capabilities to exercise doctrine and tactics at all echelons of the Army. Previous attendees include observer-controllers (O/Cs), scenario developers, Army leaders in an opposing force (OPFOR) at our Combat Training Centers (CTC); staff officers and Threat subject matter experts from Army schools and Centers of Excellence (CoE); and other unit planners, exercise action officers, and Threat operators from the Active Component, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard, as well as multinational partners. Your five-day session emphasizes practical exercises to plan and conduct small group experiences in tactical operations in complex operational environments. Preliminary topics include the contemporary strategic environment, Threat designs and systems warfare, Threat Force structure, and overviews of insurgent cells, guerrilla units, criminal organizations, noncombatants, and the pervasive use of information warfare (INFOWAR). Problems presented in small group seminars allow you to examine and learn the functional tactics and techniques of the Hybrid Threat in offensive and defensive missions as described in the Army’s TC 7-100 series on Threats. This year we are training in our new TRISA facilities on post at Ft Leavenworth. Using a revised small group seminar learning model, we are capping attendance at 80 students. Prioritizing who attends may be required but I will determine that no later than early August. Interested? Motivated? Need to register for the DL course? My primary POC is Mr. Walt Williams at: 913-684-7923 or email at: [email protected] The Hybrid Threat Train-the-Trainer coordinator is Mr. Pat Madden (CTR) at: 913-684-7997 or email at [email protected] Jon [email protected] What is the Hybrid Threat (HT) for training? (TC 7-100.2) In training exercises, the Opposing Force (OPFOR) HT is the diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, and/or criminal elements all unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects—realistic and representative of actual threats. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ CTID Red Diamond Disclaimer Red Diamond The presents professional information but the views expressed herein are those of the authors, not the Department of Defense or its elements. The content does not necessarily reflect the official U.S. Army position and does not change or supersede any information in other official U.S. Army publications. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and source documentation of material that they reference. The Red Diamond staff reserves the right to edit material. Appearance of external hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Army for information contained therein. Red Diamond Page 3 WETED RED TEAM ANTI-ACCESS OPERATIONS OPFOR TTP in Wargaming, Experimentation, Testing, and Evaluation by Mike Sullivan, TRISA-WETED Red Team, ThreatTec LLC Ctr WETED Red Team TRISA Anti-Access Operations: Opposing Forces (OPFOR) TTP in Wargaming, Experimentation, Test, and Evaluation Last month I offered an overview of the typical “STARTEX conditions” that WETED supports in experiments, exercises, tests, and training events. My intent was and is to lay the foundation for a series of discussions of how Red Team- directed opposing force (OPFOR) tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) contribute to achieving the stated objectives of those events. The implied mission for the RED TEAM is to ensure those objectives are met irrespective of constraints on “Soldier,” leader, weapon system, and other equipment performance by the Model and Simulation environment at the foundation of those efforts. The TRISA WETED Red Team has earned a sterling reputation for consistently accomplishing that mission. At the core of the effort there will be those experiment, exercise, or training objectives and learning demands that must be addressed by all “players.” Typically, the objectives aim at facilitating a detailed examination of the validity of and potential risks inherent in a concept, technology, weapon system, or doctrinal assumption being considered by the Army or Joint community. The Red Team is specifically responsible for analyzing the objectives and finding ways to use perceived and demonstrable gaps in Blue Force organizations and behaviors in order to project useful data and findings into the reports generated by the experiment, exercise, or training. Conditions can change rapidly when confronted by an adaptive adversary or enemy. As a refresher on the typical starting conditions for a WETED supported event, let me offer the following. These descriptions are examples