Trains, planes and monkeys....

An Introduction to the Transport for Corporate Archives Collections TfL C orporate Archives

The Transport for London C orporate Archives S ervice acts as the custodian of the corporate memory of TfL and its predecessors, responsible for collecting, conserving, maintaining and providing a cces s to the his torica l a rchives of the organisation. These archives chart the development of the organisation and the decision making processes. The C orporate Archives S ervice provides advice and assistance to researchers from both within and outside of the business and seeks to promote the archive to as wide an audience as possible, while actively collecting both physical material and personal stories to add to the archive.

Using this Document

• “Trains, planes and monkeys...” is intended as an introduction to the wealth of material collected and managed by the C orporate Archives • The following pages highlight key documents from the collection, arranged according to theme, as well as providing further brief information. These can be used as a starting point for further research if desired • This document is adapted from a guide that originally accompanied an internal exhibition Buildings – 55 Broadway

• “Now listed as a • Most famous buildings are identified either by their building of ‘special name, or by their occupants. architectural It is rare for a building to be known principally by its postal interest’, 55 address. 55 Broadway is one Broadway came such property. Under its postal name, it is not only into being to readily associated with relieve but also enjoys a much wider overcrowding in architectural reputation. adjacent offices and to centralise LT000157/001 the administration of numerous companies which were the forerunners of London Transport” - Architecture and Sculptures at 55 Broadway, 30 November 1979 Buildings – 55 Broadway

• The Portland stone used as “The building is the main facing on the exterior came from the ornamented on Broadcroft, Dorset. Although the East and Portland stone is usually sanded to give a smooth North sides by finish, in 55 Broadway it was sculptures by left as it was cut with the chisel marks still on it. J acob Epstein • The façades were embellished and by with decorative features, carved in situ. Two are just panels...by...E ric above street level and a Gill, H. Moore, F. further eight are above the sixth floor windows on each R abinovitch, Allan side of all four wings. Wyon”

- A Description of The New Administrative Offices of the Underground Group of Companies, 1980 Art and Design - Mas c ots

“I thank you for your • Corporate Identity “Bunny” and is a key asset of TfL letter...When I go as it was for its out rabbiting, I will predecessor take it with me for companies luck” • was at the forefront of - Hertford and District corporate design Motor Omnibus and as well as Services, 28 April 1923 roundels, considered the use LT000535/068 of mascots, most notable of which was Wilfred the Rabbit

Art and Design - T ic ke ts

• Ticket design has “Get To Know Your been a long T ic ke t. T his tic ke t standing feature of is your receipt, it TfL shows the amount • Special tickets are you paid and the often issued in journey it covers”

commemoration of LT000346/149 events, such as royal weddings and big exhibitions • Different tickets were issued for workmen, ordinary, children, members of parliament, and even dogs! Art and Design - R oundel

“The visual identity • London Transport’s bar for London and circle motif has it’s Transport origins in the wheel, without which railways depends on two would not exist key elements – • In 1905, the London the roundel and General Omnibus the lettering...The Company approved a roundel and wheel with wings for logotype should registration as a trademark and in 1908, normally appear the first red and blue toge the r; the disc station nameplates combination is the were ordered by the very essence of Underground Group the ide ntity” • The Underground had no consistent policy for - London Transport, use of its bar and disc Making a Mark, symbol until the 1920s c.1990 Art and Design - R oundel

• Frank Pick employed • The roundel and Edward to bullseye devices have a design a typeface for visual strength and TfL the Underground works hard to protect Group’s exclusive use this past and present and in March 1917 the corporate identity ringed symbol with the through registration of Johnston typeface was these trademarks registered worldwide • In 1972 directives were issued that all new and replacement signs and all printed matter would carry a renamed device – the roundel Art and Design - Maps

• Combined maps of • Although Beck’s London’s first design was underground dismissed by the railways began to be Publicity issued for Department, just a passengers in 1906 year later, in 1932, • With time, the map the decision was has come to taken to publish represent not just • 750,000 copies of the London the first edition Underground but were printed in London itself January 1933, with • The Underground a further 100,000 map as we know it printed in February today is largely the • In March 1933, the vision of Henry C first poster of the Beck map was printed Art and Design - Maps

Underground Map ‘R ules ’ • Only vertical, horizontal, and 45 degree lines are used • The centre is enlarged at the expense of the suburbs • A distinctive interchange symbol is used • Street details are not shown • Stations are denoted by tickmarks • Lines are denoted by distinctive colours

LT000709/039 Historical Highlights

• Did you know that: the world’s first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway, was opened in 1863 and used by 26,500 people on its first day of operation; the first motorised omnibuses in London appeared in 1898; in 1907 the London General Omnibus Company painted its buses red; in 1911 the first escalator opened at Earls Court; in 1913 the first night buses ran; in 1977 London became the first capital city in the world to have its airport linked directly to the centre by underground; the last Routemaster bus in regular service ran on 9 December 2005, some 49 years after the first service. These are just some of the fascinating facts about transport in London, and there are many more which can be found, waiting to be discovered, in the Transport for London Corporate Archives.

LT000371/026 Historical Highlights

• One of the earliest documents to be found in the Corporate Archives collection is a deed from 1556. The deed pertains to a property situated in Aldgate Street, on which land Aldgate tube station now partially resides

LT002051/2766

Historical Highlights

“T he firs t S te am E xpress will run along the leading High S treets and thoroughfares of the suburbs out into the highways...NO waiting at S tations; no sooty suffocation; we wait in our homes henceforth by the fireside...and we travel from door to door” - London Steam Omnibus Advertisement, 1898

LT001588/006 Historical Highlights

• In 1870, the Metropolitan District Railways Company sought permission to use tunnels and sewers underneath Parliament Square Gardens. The resulting Royal Warrant bares Queen Victoria’s signature in the top left hand corner LT000565/044 R oyalty

• Transport for London and its predecessors has always attracted royal interest • On 15th May 1939, Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret made their first journey on the Underground, travelling from St James’s Park to Tottenham Court Road • Queen Elizabeth opened the Victoria Line in 1969 and the Heathrow extension of the Piccadilly Line in 1977 • Prince Charles officially opened the Jubilee Line on 30th April 1972, and he and his wife, Princess Diana, officially opened the Heathrow Terminal 4 station in April 1986 R oyalty

• Royal events staged in the • “The preparations for capital have also lead to the C oronation involved some of the biggest the whole of London logistical challenges posed Transport to a greater or to transport in London lesser degree...The • From weddings, to Police had requested jubilees, and even funerals, that spectators should these huge occasions have be in their places very involved, in the words of early in the morning, Boris Johnson, “London's and this request transport workers, who governed many of the ensured that the throngs of arrangements people wishing to made...S chedules were participate...could travel prepared in accordance swiftly and safely...and thus with the principle that e njoy to the fulle s t e x te nt the best possible service the wonderful spectacle “ was to be offered to the

LT000038/001 public”

- Our Part: London Transport and the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth the Second, c.1953

S taff Welfare

• Staff welfare has always • Sports teams have proved been a key feature of particularly popular and Transport for London and even with the demise of its predecessors. most of the old traditional • Interest clubs have been a sports clubs, underground prevalent feature, with operating and engineering everything from the LT departments and bus Railways Horticultural garages still took each Club, to the TfL other on at sporting Ornithology Club, via the activities such as angling, LT Cliff Richards Fan Club! cricket, football, go- • Benevolent and friendly karting, golf, netball, ten- societies are also a strong pin bowling.

feature, and in 1951 the Establishment Committee approved conditions for the granting of permission to operate loan, sick or thrift clubs where contributions were collected on LT premises. Notable Individuals – Frank Pick

• Frank Pick was Managing Director of the Underground Electric Railway Companies of London Ltd. (UERL), and later Vice-Chairman of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB). TfL Corporate Archives hold material relating to Pick's role at Board level and as Managing Director and these contain a significant amount of operational material. • The records document a significant part of the operational, legal and historical foundations of London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB). Consequently, they offer an insight into the economic, administrative and structural preoccupation of the LPTB at its very inception. • The records also pertain to the developing construction of the Underground, particularly the 'New Works Programme' of the 1920's and 1930's. The 'Station files' are of key interest to researchers studying the architectural heritage of the system, whilst detailed technical files are of interest to anyone studying scientific and technical developments in industry at that time. Additionally, the files span a wide geographical area across London and are a good source for both local history in London and for London wide planning and development in the early twentieth century.

Notable Individuals – Frank Pick

• For anyone looking at Frank Pick as an individual, the records allow an insight into his work habits and strong personal interests and views. • As a member of the Design and Industries Association, Pick had a strong interest in design and was the driving force behind the establishment of a corporate identity

LT000527/002

Notable Individuals – L ord Ashfield

“My purpose in these • Albert Stanley, later Lord remarks has been to Ashfield, joined the convey to you that the Underground (U.E.R.L.) as help of every one of our General Manager in 1907 89,000 staff...is needed, • His management and if London Transport is to directorial skills continue and enhance maintained and improved the traditions it has the services against a inherited...we are discouraging financial responsible for what is background universally • Albert Stanley is largely acknowledged to be the credited with the finest system of urban development of the passenger transport in ‘Underground’ branding, the world...Let us take the amalgamation of the as our slogan ‘Pride of disparate companies, and S ervice’, and...continue the establishment of co- to manage our affairs ordinated fares that ‘What London Transport does today, • Lord Ashfield became the rest of the world will Chairman of the London do tomorrow.” Passenger Transport Board in 1933 - Speech delivered by the Chairman at the Victory Reunion Dinner, 3 July 1946 Tubes

• Transport for • The first deep-level London is railway, with electric responsible for the traction, to be oldest underground opened to the railway system in public was the City the world & South London • The first public Railway, which passenger carrying opened on 18th underground December 1890 railway, the • At first there was a Metropolitan, train every 5 opened on 10th minutes, and the January 1863, average speed was running from 11.5 mph including Paddington to stops Farringdon Street. 26,500 passengers used it in the first six months Tubes

• The first electric locomotives weighed 10.35 tons, and were carried on four 27in wheels. They had air brakes but no air pumps, and pulled three-car trains • Tube design has progressed since then and continues to develop LT000692/008

Animals

• There are stories and personalities to be found beyond the human interest, from dogs to monkeys! • We have a booklet that from refers to a licence being required to transport monkeys on the District Line • Foremost amongst these non- human personalities are the horses. • In 1855, the London General Omnibus Company began centralising the various commercial horse drawn omnibuses operating in London, and within a year they provided 600 of the 800 horse drawn omnibuses operating within the capital. This was eight years before the world’s first underground railway opened in London, and 43 years before the first motorised omnibus ran in London. The story of the London Omnibus Company horses is to be found in the Transport for London Corporate Archives. We have documents relating to the routes, the fares, the shareholders, and leases of stables. LT000449/004 London Transport at War - S taff

• Staffing was drastically altered. Many staff joined the Armed Forces, and served at home in the 84th (LT) Anti-aircraft regiment. Those who remained working in London took on many additional responsibilities and found themselves working alongside increasing numbers of women who filled the vacancies. Throughout the Second World War, London Transport suffered heavy losses in London as well as on active service. In the 1944 Annual Accounts & Reports, the total from the outbreak of hostilities were: 548 staff killed whilst on active service, 463 prisoners of war; 179 killed and 1,609 injured whilst working for the Board, with an additional 222 killed and 907 were injured whilst off duty. By 1942, 2 officers and 44 staff had been awarded Honours by the King. By 1944 The total was 74, including 29 appearing in the New Years Honours Lists.

LT000503/036

London Transport at War - Evacuation

• London Transport played a “I now give hereunder leading role in evacuating the number of school children from London during children evacuated the Second World War. The under this scheme mass evacuation took place between 6th and 24th between 1st and 4th of September 1939. In four days, S eptember...The total 550,000 evacuees were number of children conveyed out of London by evacuated during this London Transport vehicles. period is 17,504 and Evacuation began again in May the grand 1940 after the invasion of total...be twe e n 3 rd Holland and Belgium, and J uly and the 24th during the ‘V’ bomb attacks in S eptember is 20,984” 1944. Between these operations, London Transport carried 1.25million people - General Manager (Operations) to the Ministry of Transport, 25th September 1940 London Transport at War – Halifax Bomber

• London Transport (LT) played a crucial role in the Home Front of WW2. The transport system operated whilst sustaining severe damage through enemy bombardment. Deep level shelters were created and made available not only for the general public but also munitions factories and government agencies. LT's 'Works' (e.g. Acton Works), which were usually used for the production and maintenance of rolling stock continued to do this, but also formed munitions factories - including forming a major part the London Aircraft Production, particularly the construction of the Halifax Bomber. The LT fleet of buses and coaches were used for the mobilisation of troops- some being converted to ambulances. LT000846/003

Winning Endeavours

• The Transport for London About this project Corporate Archives • This site allowed you to participated in the Winning search for images relating to Endeavours website in London’s Olympic past – the 2011 1908 and 1948 games hosted • The website can be by the capital, athletes from accessed as part of the UK London who have competed in the Olympics and London’s Web Archive sporting heritage. http://www.webarchive.org • 25 archive repositories from .uk/ukwa/target/60588129 London and the South East of /collection/4325386/sourc England contributed digitised e/collection images to this site from their collections. The images show photographs, newspaper articles, minutes, reports and other archival material created or collected by organisations or individuals. • The Winning Endeavours project was a contribution towards the 2012 Cultural Olympiad.

C ontac t U s

Most of our paper records are stored in a salt mine in Cheshire under secure conditions that meet British Standards for storing archival materials. Our public reading room is based in central London. Visits are by appointment only so you must book first using the contact details on this page.

Email: [email protected]

Our catalogue contains over 130,000 descriptions of our material. It is available online at http://www.tflcorporatearchivescatalogue.co.uk/ CalmViewA/