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Book I. Title XXVII. Concerning the Office of the Praetor Prefect Of
Book I. Title XXVII. Concerning the office of the Praetor Prefect of Africa and concerning the whole organization of that diocese. (De officio praefecti praetorio Africae et de omni eiusdem dioeceseos statu.) Headnote. Preliminary. For a better understanding of the following chapters in the Code, a brief outline of the organization of the Roman Empire may be given, but historical works will have to be consulted for greater details. The organization as contemplated in the Code was the one initiated by Diocletian and Constantine the Great in the latter part of the third and the beginning of the fourth century of the Christian era, and little need be said about the time previous to that. During the Republican period, Rome was governed mainly by two consuls, tow or more praetors (C. 1.39 and note), quaestors (financial officers and not to be confused with the imperial quaestor of the later period, mentioned at C. 1.30), aediles and a prefect of food supply. The provinces were governed by ex-consuls and ex- praetors sent to them by the Senate, and these governors, so sent, had their retinue of course. After the empire was established, the provinces were, for a time, divided into senatorial and imperial, the later consisting mainly of those in which an army was required. The senate continued to send out ex-consuls and ex-praetors, all called proconsuls, into the senatorial provinces. The proconsul was accompanied by a quaestor, who was a financial officer, and looked after the collection of the revenue, but who seems to have been largely subservient to the proconsul. -
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 3 [1776]
The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 3 [1776] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. -
The Autocephalous Churches and the Institution of the 'Pentarchy'
The Autocephalous Churches and the Institution of the ‘Pentarchy’ Metropolitan Hierotheos of Nafpaktos and St Vlassios Translation of the article in Greek Οἱ Αὐτοκέφαλες Ἐκκλησίες καί ὁ θεσμός τῆς «Πενταρχίας» Much has been written recently as a result of the Ukrainian issue, both positively and negatively, from whichever side one looks at it. In particular, there has been very harsh criticism of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Prompted by this, it has been necessary for me to write articles so as to explain some aspects of the subject as a whole, without dealing with it exhaustively. In particular, I have clarified that the regime of the Church is not papal, neither is it a Protestant confederation, but it is synodical and hierarchical at the same time [‘The Regime of the Orthodox Church’]. I insist on this subject, because I consider that it is the basis of the problem that has arisen. There are certainly many sides to the Ukrainian ecclesiastical issue. The most fundamental aspect, however, is that many people have not understood what ‘autocephaly’ means in the Orthodox Church; what ‘Autocephalous Churches’ are; how the sacred institution of the Church functions; to what extent ‘Autocephalous Churches’ can function independently of the Ecumenical Throne, which is the first throne and presides over all the Orthodox Churches, and has many powers and responsibilities; and also how the Ecumenical Throne operates in relation to the ‘Autocephalous Churches’. Unless someone has an adequate understanding of the way in which ‘Autocephalous Churches’ function, the way in which the Pentarchy worked in the first millennium, but also of the role of the Ecumenical Patriarch during the second millennium in relation to the more recent Patriarchates and the new Autocephalous Churches, he will not grasp the essence of this issue. -
Adalya 23 2020
ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA 23 2020 ADALYA ADALYA 23 2020 23 2020 ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA The Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (OFFPRINT) AThe AnnualD of theA Koç UniversityLY Suna A& İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) Adalya, a peer reviewed publication, is indexed in the A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities) Adalya is also indexed in the Social Sciences and Humanities Database of TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR index and EBSCO. Mode of publication Worldwide periodical Publisher certificate number 18318 ISSN 1301-2746 Publisher management Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer / İstanbul Publisher Umran Savaş İnan, President, on behalf of Koç University Editor-in-chief Oğuz Tekin Editors Tarkan Kahya and Arif Yacı English copyediting Mark Wilson Editorial Advisory Board (Members serve for a period of five years) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Adak, Akdeniz University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Engin Akyürek, Koç University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Cahill, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Edhem Eldem, Boğaziçi University / Collège de France (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan, Emeritus, Istanbul University (2016-2020) Prof. Dr. C. Brian Rose, University of Pennsylvania (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Charlotte Roueché, Emerita, King’s College London (2019-2023) Prof. Dr. Christof Schuler, DAI München (2017-2021) Prof. Dr. R. R. R. Smith, University of Oxford (2016-2020) © Koç University AKMED, 2020 Production Zero Production Ltd. Abdullah Sok. No. 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 244 75 21 • Fax: +90 (212) 244 32 09 [email protected]; www.zerobooksonline.com Printing Fotokitap Fotoğraf Ürünleri Paz. -
Greece in the Middle Ages (6Th – 13Th Cent.)
Greece in the Middle Ages (6th – 13th cent.) Ioannis Deligiannis Democritus University of Thrace • Introduction • Greece from the 6th cent. to the 13th cent. • The aftermath (14th – 15th cent.) • Forming a national identity • Society • Religion • Education Introduction • 146 and 133 BCE: Greece and the islands under the Romans. • 2nd-3rd cent.: Greece divided into provinces: Achaia, Macedonia, Epirus and Thracia. • Diocletian (284-305): Western Balkans organized as a Roman diocese (< διοίκησις = “administration”). • Constantine I (306-337): Greece as part of the dioceses of Macedonia and Thrace. • The eastern and southern Aegean islands formed the province of Insulae in the Diocese of Asia. Death of Theodosius I West: Honorius – East: Arcadius Greece from the 6th cent. to the 13th cent. • Greece: most likely one of the most prosperous and most economically active regions of the Empire. • The city-state (πόλις) appears to have remained prosperous until at least the 6th cent. • Greece was highly urbanized and contained approximately 80 cities. • Thessaloniki: the Empire’s second largest city, called the “co-regent” (συμβασιλεύουσα), second only to Constantinople (βασιλεύουσα). The Arch of Galerius and the Rotunda, 4th cent. Walls of Thessalonica, 5th-7th cent. • Greece was raided –in the 5th cent. by the Visigoths and Ostrogoths. –in the 6th cent. by the Bulgars and the Huns. –in late 6th cent. by the Slavs, who invaded and settled in parts of Greece. The Empire nearly lost control of the entire peninsula during the 580s. Bulgars and Slavs -
Philip Hughes a HISTORY of the CHURCH to the Eve of the Refo
Philip Hughes A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Refo Philip Hughes A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation ■ VOL. 1 ■ VOL. 2: 313- 1274 ■ VOL. 3: 1274- 1520 file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvisori/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/00-INDEX.HTM2006-06-02 21:26:32 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation by Philip Hughes Vol. 1:Index A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation by Philip Hughes Vol. 1 Main Index ■ CHAPTER 1: THE WORLD IN WHICH THE CHURCH WAS FOUNDED ■ CHAPTER 2: THE FOUNDATION OF THE CHURCH ■ CHAPTER 3: THE FIRST CONTACTS WITH THE PAGAN RELIGIOUS WORLD. ■ CHAPTER 4: THE CRISES OF THE THIRD CENTURY ■ CHAPTER 5: THE WAY OF CHRISTIAN LIFE ■ CHAPTER 6: THE CHURCH AND THE PAGAN ROMAN EMPIRE ■ CHAPTER 7: THE ARIANS, 318-359 ■ CHAPTER 8: THE CATHOLIC RESTORATION. 359-382 ■ CHAPTER 9: ROME AND THE CATHOLIC EAST. 381-453 file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvisori/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/0-ha.htm (1 of 2)2006-06-02 21:26:32 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation by Philip Hughes Vol. 1:Index ■ CHAPTER 10: THE TRADITIONAL FAITH AND THE IMPERIAL POLICY file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvisori/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/0-ha.htm (2 of 2)2006-06-02 21:26:32 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation by Philip Hughes Vol. 2: 313-1274:Index A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation by Philip Hughes Vol. -
Oxford Handbooks Online
Community, Church, and Conversion in the Prefecture of Illyricum and the Cyclades Oxford Handbooks Online Community, Church, and Conversion in the Prefecture of Illyricum and the Cyclades Rebecca Sweetman The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology Edited by William R. Caraher, Thomas W. Davis, and David K. Pettegrew Subject: Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ritual and Religion Online Publication Date: Jan 2019 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199369041.013.27 Abstract and Keywords This chapter surveys, through a series of case studies, the material aspects of early Christianity in provinces in the dioceses of Macedonia and Asia (Achaea, Thessalia, Macedonia Prima, Macedonia Secunda, Creta, and the Cyclades now in modern Greece). While many of the urban spaces see some topographic changes in the fourth and fifth centuries, the biggest impact on both urban and rural environments is the construction of a diverse range of Late Antique churches. Church construction begins earlier in Macedonia and the islands than in the rest of mainland Greece, which reflects more diverse network connections in these areas. Within specific topographic regions (e.g., Crete, the Peloponnese), network connections play a role in the choice of church location, but the analysis of the spread of churches clearly indicates a steady process of religious conversion. The archaeology and topography of early Christian churches therefore provides a significant contribution to understanding processes of Christianization. Keywords: Paros, Achaea, Thessaly, Macedonia Prima, Macedonia Secunda, Crete, networks, Christianization, churches, architecture Rebecca Sweetman Introduction WHILE there is clear evidence for Christian communities from the first to the fourth centuries in the eastern Greek provinces, their manifestation is most apparent from the late fourth century with the construction of the first churches.1 This takes place in Macedonia, the Cyclades, and Crete from the late fourth century, while church Page 1 of 23 PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). -
Justinian's Provincial Reforms of the AD 530S
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--History History 2015 The Struggle Between the Center and the Periphery: Justinian's Provincial Reforms of the A.D. 530s Mark-Anthony Karantabias University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Karantabias, Mark-Anthony, "The Struggle Between the Center and the Periphery: Justinian's Provincial Reforms of the A.D. 530s" (2015). Theses and Dissertations--History. 31. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/31 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--History by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. -
The Judiciary of Diocesan Vicars in the Later Roman Empire
The Judiciary of Diocesan Vicars in the Later Roman Empire by Jacek Wiewiorowski is the inaugurating volume of a new publishing series of the Faculty of Law and Administration, Adam Mickiewicz Univer- sity in Poznań. This project draws upon the series of works written by the faculty members whose selection appeared in print in the 1950s. At the same time, by being published in English, the series responds to the challenges of contemporary science, in which widespread dis- semination of research is of paramount importance. Thus the series will foster internationalization of the research process and introduce the achievements of Poznań scholars into the international discourse of contemporary jurisprudence. The Judiciary of Diocesan Vicars in the Later Roman Empire 1 2 ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY IN POZNAŃ ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY LAW BOOKS NO 1 JACEK WIEWIOROWSKI The Judiciary of Diocesan Vicars in the Later Roman Empire Translated by Szymon Nowak POZNAŃ 2015 3 ABSTRACT. Wiewiorowski Jacek, The Judiciary of Diocesan Vicars in the Later Roman Empire. Poznań 2015. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Adam Mickiewicz University Law Books No 1, Pp. 391 + plates. ISBN 978-83-232-2925-4. Text in English. The study focuses on vicars of dioceses (vicarius dioeceseos) of the Later Roman Empire and their judiciary capacity, which occupied one of the principal places in their duties. It is the first attempt to present the issue in scholarly research. The book covers the period from the establishment of dioceses under Diocletian (reigning 284–305) until the final abolishment of vicariates by Justinian I (reigning 527–565) and his further modifications of imperial admin- istration introduced at a supra-provincial level. -
Byzantium and the Roman Primacy
BYZANTIUM AND THE ROMAN PRIMACY FRANCIS DVORNIK BYZANTIUM AND THE ROMAN PRIMACY F r a n c i s D v o r n i k Translated by E dwin A. Qu a in , s .j . FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK © Copyright 1966 by F ordham U niversity Press lc 66-14187 ISBN 0- 8232- 0701-3 First Edition 1966 Second printing, with corrections, 1979 A translation of Byzance et la primauté romaine (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1964). Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Preface Introduction 11 1. The Principle of Accommodation 27 2. The Principle of Apostolicity 40 3. The Schism of Acacius 59 4. Justinian and Rome 71 5. The Primacy in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries 85 6. Photius and the Primacy 101 7. The Crisis of the Eleventh Century 124 8. The Catastrophe of 1204 154 Index 17 1 5 PREFACE It was generally expected that after the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council the atmosphere would be favorable for dialogues between the representatives of the Roman Cath olic Church and the leaders of other Christian churches; the intention being to find ways of better understanding the prob lems and to bring closer a rapprochement which would finally lead to reunion. Many Catholic leaders feel that the dialogue with the East ern Churches should begin as soon as possible, and hope for positive results, since there are no fundamental dogmatic dif ferences between the Roman and the Orthodox Church. This may be true, but it is premature to expect a speedy agreement. There are many aspects of the historical development, con stitution and spiritual life of Eastern Christianity insufficiently understood by the West. -
Theodoret of Cyrus ~ 455 AD the ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY :Index
Theodoret of Cyrus ~ 455 AD THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY :Index. Theodoret of Cyrus ~ 455 AD THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY General Index ■ BOOK I ■ BOOK II ■ BOOK III ■ BOOK IV ■ BOOK V file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvi...Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/04/0-TheodoretChurchHistory.htm2006-06-03 11:40:18 THEODORETCHURCHHISTORY: BOOK I , Index. BOOK I Index PROLOGUE. Design of the History. CHAPTER I. Origin of the Arian Heresy. CHAPTER II. List of the principal Bishops. CHAPTER III. The Epistle of Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria to Alexander, Bishop of Constantinople. "To his most revered and likeminded brother Alexander, Alexander sendeth greeting in the Lord. CHAPTER IV. The Letter of Arius to Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia. CHAPTER V. The Letter of Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia, to Paulinus, Bishop of Tyre. CHAPTER VI. General Council of Nicoea. CHAPTER VII. Confutation of Arianism deduced from the Writings of Eustathius and Athanasius. CHAPTER VIII. Facts relating to Meletius the Egyptian, from whom originated the Meletian schism, which remains to this day. Synodical Epistle respecting him. CHAPTER IX. The Epistle of the Emperor Constantine, concerning the matters transacted at the Council, addressed to those Bishops who were not present. file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pro...ary/001%20-Da%20Fare/04/1-TheodoretChurchHistory0.htm (1 of 3)2006-06-03 11:40:18 THEODORETCHURCHHISTORY: BOOK I , Index. CHAPTER X. The daily wants of the Church supplied by the Emperor, and an account of his other virtues. CHAPTER XI. Letter respecting the faith, written by Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea. CHAPTER XII. Confutation of the blasphemies of the Arians of our time, from the writings of Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea. -
Hierarchy of the Church
Hierarchy of the Church The Catholic Church has a hierarchical structure consisting of bishops, priests and deacons. The Bishop of Rome, the Pope, enjoys a special role in this hierarchical structure. However, the Primacy of the Pope is considered in a separate document. The focus here is on the offices of bishop, priest and deacon. Some anti-Catholics claim that these offices were not established by the Apostles, but were inventions of the Catholic Church sometime after the fourth century. The focus here will be on the teaching of the Church in first centuries. FIRST CENTURY Clement I (88-97) St. Clement makes a clear distinction between the clergy and the laity. After drawing a comparison with the division of priests in the Old Testament, he adds: “The layman is bound by the rules laid down for the laity” 1 He identifies the hierarchy consisting of bishops, priests, and decons. St. Ignatius of Antioch (50-115) St. Ignatius repeatedly stresses the importance of the bishop together with the priests and deacons in preserving the unity of the Church. The bishop is God’s representative. Those who gather separately from the bishop cut themselves off from the true Church. The historian Philip Hughes points out that: “By the time of St. Ignatius of Antioch (i.e. the end of the first century, within thirty to forty years of the death of St. Paul) the new system – the so-called ‘monarchical episcopate’ – is so universal that he [St. Ignatius] takes it for granted as the basis of his exhortations.” 2 To the Ephesians “It is proper, therefore, in every way to glorify Jesus Christ, who has glorified you, so that you, joined together in a united obedience and subject to the bishop and the presbytery [priests], may be sanctified in every respect.” 3 “United with him [the bishop], as the church is with Jesus Christ and as Jesus Christ is with the Father, that all things might be harmonious in unity.