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Ql6), 2.215(50)E26, 320). Sturmanite Is Namea Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 21, pp. 705-709(1983) STURMANITE, A FERRICIRON, BORON ANALOGUE OF ETTRINGITE DONALD R. PEACOR Departmentol Geologicalsciences, university of Michigan,Ann Arbor, Michigan4gl0g, u.s.A. PETE J. DUNN Departmentof Mineral sciences,smithsonian Institution, woshington,D.c. 20560,u.s.A. MARJORIE DUGGAN PhelpsDodge Corporction, Douglas, Arizona, 85607,U.S.A. ABSTRACT INTRoDUCTIoN . Sturmanite, Cau1Fe3r,.rAl0.lMn2t-i o.z)rz.o(So+)z.r The mineral describedherein was brought to our B(oH)4} { r.2(oH) n 2sHzci,''is ferrtc'ii6ii,' uolon_ attention by Dr. Richard V. Gainesof Pottstown, analogue 99ryqniry of euringite C%Al2(SOt3(OH)r2. Pennsylvania,who recognizedit as 26Hzo, Sturmaniteoccurs on hematite-an6'b*i'ti' being uncommon u, fiur_ and worthy of further investigation.Preliminary teneddipyramidal crystalsat the Black Rock mine, Republic X- ray powder-diffraction and optical examination 9f 99!rh Africa. f,he probable spacegroup is pitc, a in- I I. I 6(3), c 21.7 9(9)A, Z : 2. It is bipht yellowand hasone dicatedthat the mineral is relatedto ettringite, but perfectcleavage on {l0tO}. The dinsity is 1.847g/cm3 with substantial differences. Qualitative chemical (obs.), 1.855g/cm3 (calc.).Optically stunnaniteis uniaxial testsindicated the presenceof significant ferric iron (+ ),.with co= 1,500,e = I .505,but somecrystals have a core and the near-absenceof aluminum. We therefore tharis optically(- ), with e= 1.497,c,s= 1.499. It is weakly proceededon the assumptionthat it is a newmineral dichroic with O pale green and .E paJeyellow green.The speciesrelated to ettringite; this assumption was principal X-ray-diffracrion lines [d in A (intensitg@*t)] are: 5.58(70X I I 0), ( borne out by subsequentstudies. ?.q1q9-l(1-00), 3.8e(70) I I 4),2.7 74(s0)(3M), We pleasure 2.582(60)Ql6),2.215(50)e26, 320). Sturmanite is namea take in namingthis new mineralstur- manitei\ honor in honor of B. Darko Sturman,mineralogist at the Royal of B. Darko Sturmanof the Depart- Ontario Museum. ment of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. His contributionsto systematic Keywords: sturmanite, ettringite group, new mineral mineralogy, and in particular, his studies of species,sulfate, Republic of South Africa. phosphateminerals from the Yukon, togetherwith his refinement of methods used in optical SonaN4atn_E mineralogy,reflect his devotionto mineralogy.The + mineral and the name were approvedby the Com- , .-Ll - jry*ggr_9, 9%{n.' ",.5AIo.3Mn2 o.r;rz.o(So+)2.: missionon New Mineral Names,I. M. A., prior to B(9^F)r),.r(oH) p.25H2o, eli uri' analogii; J ?iiriqul'.r publication. Holotype material is preservedat the bori fbre.de I' ettringite, C%Al2(SOr3(O il ta rr.ZAUrO. Smithsonian Institution under catalogue sturmanite sepr6sente en cristaux dipyramidiix apiatis su, number I'hdmatite et la barite d la mine Black Rock, r6publique 148261.Cotype and metatype specimensare pre- de_lAfri-quedu Sud. L"egroupe spatial probable ist p3ic; servedboth in the SmithsonianInstitution and the a I l. l6(3), c 21.79(9)4,Z = 2. Le min6ralesr iaune clair Royal Ontario Museum. possbde e1 un clivageparfait selon{ I0l0}. La densit6mesu- r6e est 1.847(obs), 1.855(calc.). La siurmanite esr oDri_ quementuni:xe (+), <o:1.500,e :1.505, maiscerfains cris_ OCCURRENCE laux 9nt un coeuruniaxe (-), avec€= 1.497,<,t=1.499. Le min6ral est faiblementdichroique, avec O vert pdle, et Sturmanitehas been observed in two parageneses jaundrre E vert pdlg. Les principalesraies de diffraction on specimensreported to have come from the 9.!-r.1{9nr X [d en A (intensir6)(&k] sont: 9.67(100)(100), Kuruman district in the Republic of 3.8e(70X1 I 4), 2.7 South Africa. :. :!q.01111,0), 74(s0)(3M), z.s &@ta2;l aL We acquired the type specimenfrom Dr. Gaines, 2.215(50)Q26,320).La sturmaniteest d6di6e d Ii. ijarko who obtained it from a mineral dealer in Sturman, min6ralogisteau Royal Ontario Museum. Johan- nesburg,Republic of SouthAfrica. The exactmine (Traduit par la R6daction) from which thesespecimens were recovered was not specifically recorded, but both assemblageshave Mots<lds: stwmtnnite,groupe de I'ettringite, nouvelleespece abundant barite, which is known in quantity only min6rale, sulfate, r6publiquede I'Afrique du Sud. from the Black Rock mine, then under operationby 705 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article-pdf/21/4/705/3445963/705.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 706 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST T,:" ffi Frc. l. Scanningelectron photomicrograph of a sturmanitecrystal (80x) courtesyof Dr. E. A. J. Burke of the Vrije Univer- sity in Amsterdam, The Netherlands;a collector had obtainedthese in the Republicof South Africa. On thesespecimens, sturmanite crystals of identical habit to those on the holotype specimenencrust druse barite which, in turn, encrustsmassive hematite. Barite is also found as inclusionsin thesespecimens of sturmanite. Also acquired from Dr. Burke are brown opaque pseudomorphs after sturmanite. Theseare composedpredominantly of glpsum, with remnant sturmaniteinferred to be presentfrom weak X-ray-diffraction lines attributableto an ettringite- FIc. 2. Clinographicprojection of a sturmanitecrystal. group mineral. Thesepseudomorphous crystals en- Thedominant form is {1014},and the less prominent crust massivebarite and mimic sturmanite mor- formis {1124}. phologicallyin all but one detail, the absenceof the smallerdipyramid. On all observedspecimens, stur- manite is the last phaseto form. AssociatedMangane$e Mines of South Africa, Ltd. Details of the mineralogyof the minesin the Kalahari MoRPHoLocICAL.PHYSIcAL, AND manganesefield have beensummarized by Wilson Oprtcar- DEScRIPTIoN & Dunn (1978),who provided abundantreferences to the geology of the area. Sturmanite occurs as hexagonal dipyramidal The holotypespecimen consists of yelloweuhedral crystals,tabular on {0001}, with a width-to-height sturmanite crystals encrusting black, opaque ratio of approximately 3:1. Figure I is a SEM hematiteore. Barite is abundantas inclusions in the photomicrograph of a tlpical sturmanitecrystal, and sturmanite crystals; sturmanite with especiallyabun- Figure 2 is a projection ofan idealizedcrystal. The dant barite inclusions is turbid. Most observed crystalsare composedof dipyramids;the dominant material is transparent. one is { l0T4}, and { I 124}is presentas smalltrun- We obtained additional specimensthrough the cations.Both forms haveequivalent vitreous luster, Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article-pdf/21/4/705/3445963/705.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 STURMANITE. ANALOGUE OF ETTRINGITE 707 There is no epitaxy with associatedminerals. Stur- TABLE1. X-RAYPOWDER-DIFFRACTION DATAFOR STURMANITE manite doesexhibit parallel growth, with successive hkt !L(calc. ) {(obs.) r/Io individuals stackedparallel to {0001}. Maximum observedsize of the crystalsis 2.0 mm. All specimens 100 v. oo 9.67 100 It0 c.3u q(n 70 seenconsist of euhedralcrystals. LL2 4.97 4.97 15 Sturmanitehas one perfect cleavage,parallel to 104 4.75 4.75 20 114 { 1010}and easilyproduced. Sturmanite is exceeding- 3.90 3.89 70 Iy brittle. The streak is light yellow. The luster is 204 ? AIE 3.6L2 20 vitreouson cleavagesurfaces and vitreousto slight- 2L2 3.463 3.U7 20 ly greasyon fracture 300 3.222 3.223 20 surfaces.The Mohs hardness 304 2.773 ?.774 50 is approximately2y2. The density, measuredwith 008 2.724 2.72s I heavyliquids and pycnometer,is 1.847g,/cm3, com- pared 216 2,575 2,582 60 with the calculated value of 1.855 g/cm3, 224 2.483 2.485 determinedusing the formula with 25H,O and unit- 314 2.405 2.404 cell parameters.Sturmanite does not zz6 2.212 2.zLs 50 fluorescein 320 2.2L7 ultraviolet radiation, and there is no cathodoluminescenceunder excitation by the 316 2.t57 ?.L6L 40 electron-microprobebeam. 410 2.109 2.110 J 324 a.ua.+ 2.053 10 Sturmanite is bright yellow in fresh unaltered 334 1.760 1.759 z material. Optically, sturmaniteis uniaxial ( + with 424 r.732 I.732 5 ), L.L.I2 L.727 indicesof refractionco 1.500 and e 1.505.It is weak- ly dichroic with O pale greenand E'pale yellowish green;absorption E > O. Somesturmanite crystals 418 1.668 1.668 15 - 600 1.611 L.6I2 5 are optically zoned; a uniaxial ( ) core has indices 1.578 2 of refractiona 1.499and e 1.497.Absorption and 1,.526 5 dichroismin thesesectors are similar to thoseof the r..301 2 I.261 1 optically positive material. Calculation of the Gladstone-Dalerelationship using the constantsof Mandarino (1976)yields a valueK" of 0.275for the chemicalcomposition, compared with a valueKo of ettringite commonly showsdiffraction relations con- 0.272for physicalproperties. These provide excellent sistentwith spacegroup P6r/mmc, but that this is agreementusing the compatibility relationshippro- causedby eithertwinning or disorder.As our obser- posedby Mandarino (1979). vations for sturmanite are compatible with space groupPQ/mmc (and P62c or P6rmc), and because X-Ray CnysrallocnepHy sturmanite is isostructuralwith ettringite, we con- clude that the probable space-groupfor sturmanite Single crystals studied using Weissenbergand is P31c; crystalsare either twinned or disorderedto precessiontechniques show that stqrmaniteis hex- producethe apparenthigher symmetry,by analogy agonal, a ll.16(3), c 21J9(9) A. These final with ettringite. parameterswere obtained by least-squaresrefine- ment of powder-diffraction data obtained from a CnsN4rsrny I 14.6-mm-diameterGandolfi-camera photograph of a polycrystalline specimenwith Si as an internal An emission-spectrographanalysis of sturmanite standard,and CuKa X radiation. The powder data by D. C. arc showedvery strong lines of calcium, are listed in Table l. strontium and barium, strong lines of boron and The diffraction data are similar to those of aluminum, and linesof moderateintensity for iron, membersof the ettringitegroup. In particular, there manganese and silicon. Qualitative electron- is a very pronounced subcell having parameters microprobe scansalso showedsignificant Ca, Fe and A = o and C: c/2; i.e." all reflections having S, with minor amountsof Al and Mn.
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