Final 2012-2035 RTP/SCS Appendix
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AVIATION AND AIRPORT GROUND ACCESS APPENDIX Southern California Association of Governments ADOPTED APRIL 2012 AVIATION AND AIRPORT GROUND ACCESS Regional Air Passenger Demand Forecast Scenarios for 2012–2035 Re- Regional Aviation Policies and Action Steps 97 gional Transportation Plan 1 Background 97 Background 1 Airport Ground Access Report 100 I. Comparison of Regional Air Passenger Demand Forecasts with Other Recent Forecasts 1 II. Descriptions and Allocations for 2035 Baseline, Low Growth and High Growth Regional Objective of the Study 100 Air Passenger Demand Forecast Scenarios 2 Evolution of the RTP Airport Ground Access Element 101 ATAC Recommendation 4 Updated Airport Demand Forecasts 104 Summary of Projects by Airport 111 Regional Air Cargo Demand Forecast Scenarios for 2012–2035 RTP 5 V. Challenges to Implementing High Occupancy Public Transportation Projects 140 Background 5 VI. Recommendations to Assist Future RTP Updates 141 I. Regional Air Cargo Activity Trends 5 APPENDIX I: Airport and Agency Contacts 144 II. TranSystems 2035 Forecast of Total Regional Air Cargo 7 III. Allocation of Regional Air Cargo to Airports 7 APPENDIX II: High Occupancy Public Transportation and High Speed Rail IV. Revised 2035 Air Cargo Forecasts 8 146 Regional General Aviation Forecast 9 II.1 High Speed Regional Transport System 146 II.2 High Occupancy Public Transportation 148 Introduction 9 References 162 Federal Aviation Forecasts of General Aviation Activity 32 Pilot Cohort Analysis 39 APPENDIX III: Characteristics of a Successful Airport Express Bus 163 Pilot Attrition 40 III.1 Introduction 163 Summary and Conclusions 62 III.2 Air Passenger Threshold for Airport Express Bus Service 164 Forecasts of Active Pilots, Hours Flown and Aircraft Operations 63 Baseline Forecast 63 Summary 72 Forecasts of Based Aircraft and Associated Aircraft Operations 74 Summary and Conclusions 89 References 94 Aviation and Airport Group Access 1 Regional Air Passenger Demand Forecast Average Annual Growth Rates of Alternative Passenger Forecast Scenarios Scenarios for 2012–2035 Regional 1. Baseline Scenario (145.9 MAP) 2.5% p.a. Transportation Plan 2. Low Growth Scenario (130.0 MAP) 2.1% p.a. 3. High Growth Scenario (164.0 MAP) 3.0% p.a. Background Average Annual Growth Rates of Recent Industry and Regional Passenger Forecasts The SCAG Aviation Technical Advisory Committee (ATAC) approved three alternative 2035 1. FAA Aerospace Forecast 3.2% p.a. regional air passenger demand forecast scenarios for commercial airports, to be con- 2. Boeing 3.2% p.a. sidered for potential inclusion in SCAG’s 2012–2035 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). 3. Airbus 2.7% p.a. These include baseline/medium growth, low growth, and high growth scenarios. ATAC members agreed that the scenarios present a reasonable range of possible growth rates 4. California regional studies 1.4% to 2.8% p.a. for commercial aviation in the region over the next 25 years. This report describes these In general, the annual growth rates of these air passenger forecast scenarios for the forecast scenarios, including an allocation of 2035 passenger demand to individual com- SCAG region (baseline/medium growth, high growth and low growth) are somewhat mercial airports for each scenario. It also presents the recommendation made by ATAC lower than growth rates in forecasts developed by the FAA, Boeing and Airbus, and are at its September 22, 2011 meeting for the Baseline Scenario to serve as the Preferred generally consistent with growth rates in forecasts developed by the other two regions Regional Air Passenger Demand Forecast for the 2012–2035 RTP, with several caveats. in California. However, the Low Growth Scenario growth rate is not as low as the lowest growth rates recently considered by the other California regions. Strategically, the upper I. Comparison of Regional Air Passenger Demand Forecasts forecast in the High Growth Scenario is more important than the lower forecast, since the with Other Recent Forecasts upper forecast determines whether or not the region may run out of airport capacity ear- lier than was anticipated if it is too low. If it is too high, the forecast can just be pushed Recent aviation industry air passenger demand forecasts have been reviewed for farther out into the future when it is updated by the next RTP cycle. consistency with the 2035 baseline, the high and low growth regional air passenger demand forecast scenarios, all of which were approved by the ATAC for inclusion in the At several ATAC meetings, members debated the reasonableness of the growth rates in 2012–2035 RTP. Those recent forecasts include ones completed by the Federal Aviation the Baseline, High Growth and Low Growth scenarios. In general, the members thought Administration (FAA), Boeing, Airbus, the San Francisco Bay Area (Regional Airport they bracketed a reasonable a reasonable range of possible growth rates for commercial System Plan Analysis) and San Diego County (Regional Aviation Strategic Plan). A com- aviation in the region over the next 25 years, which is consistent with other recent fore- parison of the yearly (per annum) growth rates between these forecasts can be seen casts (although the San Francisco Bay Area and San Diego have considered even lower below. The combined commercial activity level served by the six air carrier airports in yearly growth rates than what is reflected in the Low Growth Scenario). the region in 2010 was 81.48 million annual air passengers (MAP). This is up from the 79.08 MAP they served in 2009, but it is still significantly lower than the 90.06 MAP they served in 2007. 2 Aviation and Airport Ground Access II. Descriptions and Allocations for 2035 Baseline, The assumptions and parameters used to model the 2035 Constrained Scenario for the Low Growth and High Growth Regional Air Passenger 2008 RTP are as follows: Demand Forecast Scenarios LAX: Settlement Agreement: 78.9 MAP Bob Hope: Existing terminal/gate capacity: 9.4 MAP 1. BASELINE SCENARIO (145.9 MAP) Long Beach: Flight restriction of 41 air carrier flights/day: 3.2 MAP The 2035 Baseline Scenario is essentially the same as the 2035 Constrained/No Project John Wayne: Revised Settlement Agreement: 10.8 MAP Scenario that was modeled and evaluated as part of the 2008 RTP. The Constrained Ontario: Existing runway capacity: 31.6 MAP Scenario was characterized in the 2008 RTP as a very conservative vision for the regional San Bernardino and Palmdale: Charter, corporate & commuter/short haul airport system. It assumed no intra-regional maglev high-speed rail system, no market March and Southern California Logistics: Cargo, charter and corporate incentives, and very conservative behavior on the part of the airlines in adding flights at new and emerging airports (although all air carrier airports that desire commercial service Oxnard and Imperial: Corporate, charter and commuter only were allocated some passenger demand even if they currently serve none). Like the other Planned (2008 RTP) ground access improvements scenarios in the 2008 RTP, the Constrained Scenario respected existing legally-enforce- No market incentives able policy and physical capacity constraints at urban airports. No high-speed rail (intra-regional Maglev system) In 2003 the legally-enforceable Settlement Agreement at John Wayne Airport was Doubling of aircraft fuel costs amended to allow it to expand from 8.4 MAP to 10.8 MAP, so this new policy constraint was incorporated into the 2008 RTP Constrained Scenario. A more detailed evaluation of However, Long Beach Airport reached 3.0 MAP in 2010, and will likely exceed its esti- the runway capacity constraint at Ontario Airport raised its capacity constraint from 30.0 mated 3.2 MAP constraint in the near future since it still has most of its 25 available MAP to 31.6 MAP. The Bob Hope terminal gate constraint of 10.7 MAP that was used in commuter slots yet to be filled. The Terminal Improvement EIR forecast for Long Beach the 2004 RTP was lowered to 9.4 MAP since Bob Hope Airport staff determined that the Airport was 4.2 MAP, which was also the forecast for Long Beach Airport in the 2008 RTP four remote aircraft parking gates assumed in the 2004 plan were no longer available for adopted Preferred Scenario regional aviation forecast. Therefore, the allocation to Long aviation uses. At the request of the March Joint Powers Commission, instead of assum- Beach is increased to 4.2 MAP in the Baseline Scenario, and 1 MAP is subtracted from ing that March Inland Port was unconstrained, it was considered to be constrained by Ontario and San Bernardino airports on a proportional basis (to keep to the 145.9 MAP the 21,000 annual civilian operations allowed in the operative joint use agreement with total). This is reasonable since the increased service at Long Beach will likely draw from the Air Force. A RADAM model capacity analysis determined that this constraint equates the same Los Angeles County and Orange County markets that these airports would also to 2.5 MAP at March Inland Port, compared to an 8.0 MAP 2030 unconstrained forecast draw from in 2035. Also, previous RADAM modeling showed that Ontario Airport barely for March in the 2004 RTP. A refined capacity analysis of San Bernardino International’s reached its 31.6 MAP capacity constraint in the Constrained Scenario, and could easily one-runway system produced a runway capacity constraint of 8.7 MAP. Neither March nor fall below this number using different modeling assumptions. These adjustments result in San Bernardino reached their capacity constraints in the Constrained Scenario due to its a slight re-allocation of the forecast demand for the Baseline Scenario compared to the conservative assumptions about future airline air service behavior. 2008 RTP Constrained Scenario. Aviation and Airport Group Access 3 2. LOW GROWTH SCENARIO (130 MAP) The relative airport allocations between the Baseline/Medium Growth, High Growth and Low Growth scenarios are shown in TABLE 1 below.