DOCSLIB.ORG

Quantum Theory of Condensed Matter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quantum Theory of Condensed Matter Quantum Theory of Condensed Matter 7721tp.lakshmi.04.10.ls.indd 2 5/3/10 9:00:07 AM This page intentionally left blank Proceedings of the 24th Solvay Conference on Physics Quantum Theory of Condensed Matter EDITORS BERTRAND HALPERIN Harvard University, USA ALEXANDER SEVRIN Vrije Universiteit Brussel and International Solvay Institutes, Belgium World Scientific N E W J E R S E Y • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • H O N G K O N G • TA I P E I • CHENNAI 7721tp.lakshmi.04.10.ls.indd 1 5/3/10 9:00:07 AM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. QUANTUM THEORY OF CONDENSED MATTER Proceedings of the 24th Solvay Conference on Physics Copyright © 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-981-4304-46-7 ISBN-10 981-4304-46-8 Printed in Singapore. April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 v The International Solvay Institutes Board of Directors Members Mr. Jacques Solvay President Prof. Franz Bingen Vice-President and Emeritus-Professor at the VUB Mr. Philippe Busquin European Deputy and Former European Commissioner Baron Daniel Janssen President of the Administrative Board of Solvay S.A. Prof. Rosette S’Jegers Secretary of the Solvay Institutes, Dean of the VUB and Professor at the VUB Mr. Jean-Marie Solvay Member of the Board of Directors of Solvay S.A. Prof. Fran¸coise Thys-Cl´ement Honorary Rector and Professor at the ULB Mr. Eddy Van Gelder President of the Administrative Board of the VUB Prof. Jean-Louis Vanherweghem President of the Administrative Board of the ULB April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 vi Honorary Members Baron Andr´eJaumotte Honorary Director of the Solvay Institutes, Honorary Rector, Honorary President of the ULB Mr. Jean-Marie Piret Attorney General of the Supreme Court of Appeal and Honorary Principal Private Secretary to the King Prof. Irina Veretennicoff Professor at the VUB Guest Members Prof. Anne De Wit Professor at the ULB and Scientific Secretary of the Committee for Chemistry Mr. Pascal De Wit Adviser Solvay S.A. Prof. Marc Henneaux Professor at the ULB and Director of the Solvay Institutes Prof. Franklin Lambert Professor at the VUB and Deputy Director of the Solvay Institutes Prof. Niceas Schamp Secretary of the Royal Flemish Academy for Science and the Arts Prof. Alexander Sevrin Professor at the VUB and Scientific Secretary of the Committee for Physics Director Prof. Marc Henneaux Professor at the ULB April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 vii Solvay Scientific Committee for Physics Professor David Gross (chair) Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (Santa Barbara, USA) Professor Tito Arecchi Universit`adi Firenze and INOA (Firenze, Italy) Professor Jocelyn Bell Burnell Oxford University (UK) Professor Steven Chu Stanford University (USA) Professor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Ecole Normale Sup´erieure (Paris, France) Professor Ludwig Faddeev V.A Steklov Mathematical Institute (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) Professor Giorgio Parisi Universit`ala Sapienza (Roma, Italy) Professor Pierre Ramond University of Florida (Gainesville, USA) Professor Gerard ´t Hooft Spinoza Instituut (Utrecht, The Netherlands) Professor Klaus von Klitzing Max-Planck-Institut (Stuttgart, Germany) Professor Alexander Sevrin (Scientific Secretary) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium) This page intentionally left blank April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 ix Hotel M´etropole (Brussels), 11-13 October 2008 Quantum Theory of Condensed Matter Chair: Professor Bertrand Halperin The 24th Solvay Conference on Physics took place in Brussels from October 11 through October 13, 2007 according to the tradition initiated by Lorentz at the 1st Solvay Conference on Physics in 1911 (Premier Conseil de Physique Solvay). During the conference a public event was held entitled Images from the Quantum World. Wolfgang Ketterle and J.C. S´eamus Davis delivered public lectures and a panel of scientists – consisting of Bertrand Halperin, Carlo Beenakker, J.C. S´eamus Davis, Steven Girvin, Catherine Kallin, Wolfgang Ketterle, Leo Kouwenhoven, and Frank Wilczek – answered questions from the audience. The Solvay Conferences have always benefitted from the support and encourage- ment of the Royal Family. His Royal Highness Prince Philippe of Belgium attended the fourth session on October 13 and met some of the participants. The organization of the 24th Solvay Conference has been made possible thanks to the generous support of the Solvay Family, the Solvay Company, the Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Belgian National Lottery, the Foundation David and Alice Van Buuren, the Communaut´efran¸caise de Belgique, de Actieplan Wetenschapscommunicatie of the Vlaamse Regering, the City of Brussels and the Hˆotel M´etropole. April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 x Participants Ian Affleck University of British Columbia Igor Aleiner Columbia University Boris Altshuler olumbia University Natan Andrei Rutgers University Tito Arecchi Universit`adi Firenze and INOA Assa Auerbach Technion Leon Balents University of California Carlo Beenakker Universiteit Leiden Immanuel Bloch Johannes Gutenberg-Universit¨at John Chalker University of Oxford J. Ignacio Cirac Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik Marvin L. Cohen University of California Leticia F. Cugliandolo Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI Sankar Das Sarma University of Maryland J. C. Seamus Davis Cornell University Eugene Demler Harvard University James Eisenstein California Institute of Technology Michael P.A. Fisher University of California Michael Freedman University of California Antoine Georges Ecole´ Polytechnique Steven M. Girvin Yale University Leonid Glazman Yale University David Gross Kavli Institute F. Duncan M. Haldane Princeton University Bertrand Halperin Harvard University Cathy Kallin McMaster University Bernhard Keimer Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Festk¨orperforschung Wolfgang Ketterle MIT Alexei Kitaev California Institute of Technology Leo P. Kouwenhoven Kavli Institute of NanoScience Delft Patrick Lee MIT Daniel Loss University of Basel Allan H. MacDonald University of Texas at Austin Naoto Nagaosa The University of Tokyo Nai Phuan Ong Princeton University Giorgio Parisi Universit`aLa Sapienza Pierre Ramond University of Florida Nicholas Read Yale University Maurice Rice ETH Honggenberg April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 Participants xi Subir Sachdev Harvard University Todadri Senthil MIT Zhi-Xun Shen Stanford University Efrat Shimshoni University of Haifa at Oranim Ady Stern Weizmann Institute of Science Matthias Troyer ETH Z¨urich Chandra Varma University of California Klaus von Klitzing Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Festk¨orperforschung Xiao-Gong Wen MIT Steven R. White University of California Irvine Frank Wilczek MIT Peter Zoller University of Innsbruck April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 xii Auditors Gustaaf Borghs IMEC Lars Brink Chalmers University of Technology Nicolas Cerf Universit´eLibre de Bruxelles Jozef Devreese Universiteit Antwerpen Thomas Durt Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pierre Gaspard Universit´eLibre de Bruxelles Nathan Goldman Universit´eLibre de Bruxelles Marc Henneaux Universit´eLibre de Bruxelles Liza Huijse Universiteit van Amsterdam Joseph Indekeu K.U. Leuven Franklin Lambert Vrije Universiteit Brussel Serge Massar Universit´eLibre de Bruxelles Victor Moshchalkov K.U. Leuven Soo-Jong Rey Seoul National University Kareljan Schoutens Universiteit van Amsterdam Alexander Sevrin Vrije Universiteit Brussel Michele Sferrazza Universit´eLibre de Bruxelles Jacques Tempere Universiteit Antwerpen Irina Veretennicoff Vrije Universiteit Brussel Olexander Zozulya Universiteit van Amsterdam April 19, 2010 15:0 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9.75in x 6.5in Solvay24 xiii Opening Session Opening Address by Marc Henneaux Dear Colleagues, Dear Friends, In the name of the International Solvay Institutes, it is my great pleasure to welcome all of you to the 24th Solvay Conference on Physics. This is the first Solvay Conference on Condensed Matter to be held in the 21st century. Since I have only a few minutes, I will be brief. I will only say some words about one of the distinguished participants of the first Solvay Conference, Kamer- ling Onnes. This is quite appropriate at the conference that starts today since Kamerling Onnes was the champion of low temperatures (I think some colleagues nicknamed him “Mister absolute zero”). Ultra-cold temperatures have been central in the discovery of many of the phenomena that will be discussed in the coming days so one might say that Kamerlingh Onnes is one of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tensor Network Methods in Many-Body Physics Andras Molnar
    Tensor Network Methods in Many-body physics Andras Molnar Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨atM¨unchen Max-Planck-Institut f¨urQuanutenoptik M¨unchen2019 Tensor Network Methods in Many-body physics Andras Molnar Dissertation an der Fakult¨atf¨urPhysik der Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨at M¨unchen vorgelegt von Andras Molnar aus Budapest M¨unchen, den 25/02/2019 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Jan von Delft Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. J. Ignacio Cirac Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung:3. Mai 2019 Abstract Strongly correlated systems exhibit phenomena { such as high-TC superconductivity or the fractional quantum Hall effect { that are not explicable by classical and semi-classical methods. Moreover, due to the exponential scaling of the associated Hilbert space, solving the proposed model Hamiltonians by brute-force numerical methods is bound to fail. Thus, it is important to develop novel numerical and analytical methods that can explain the physics in this regime. Tensor Network states are quantum many-body states that help to overcome some of these difficulties by defining a family of states that depend only on a small number of parameters. Their use is twofold: they are used as variational ansatzes in numerical algorithms as well as providing a framework to represent a large class of exactly solvable models that are believed to represent all possible phases of matter. The present thesis investigates mathematical properties of these states thus deepening the understanding of how and why Tensor Networks are suitable for the description of quantum many-body systems. It is believed that tensor networks can represent ground states of local Hamiltonians, but how good is this representation? This question is of fundamental importance as variational algorithms based on tensor networks can only perform well if any ground state can be approximated efficiently in such a way.
    [Show full text]
  • Tensor Networks, MERA & 2D MERA ✦ Classify Tensor Network Ansatz According to Its Entanglement Scaling
    Lecture 1: tensor network states (MPS, PEPS & iPEPS, Tree TN, MERA, 2D MERA) Philippe Corboz, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam i1 i2 i3 i4 i5 i6 i7 i8 i9 i10 i11i12 i13 i14 i15i16 i17 i18 Outline ‣ Lecture 1: tensor network states ✦ Main idea of a tensor network ansatz & area law of the entanglement entropy ✦ MPS, PEPS & iPEPS, Tree tensor networks, MERA & 2D MERA ✦ Classify tensor network ansatz according to its entanglement scaling ‣ Lecture II: tensor network algorithms (iPEPS) ✦ Contraction & Optimization ‣ Lecture III: Fermionic tensor networks ✦ Formalism & applications to the 2D Hubbard model ✦ Other recent progress Motivation: Strongly correlated quantum many-body systems High-Tc Quantum magnetism / Novel phases with superconductivity spin liquids ultra-cold atoms Challenging!tech-faq.com Typically: • No exact analytical solution Accurate and efficient • Mean-field / perturbation theory fails numerical simulations • Exact diagonalization: O(exp(N)) are essential! Quantum Monte Carlo • Main idea: Statistical sampling of the exponentially large configuration space • Computational cost is polynomial in N and not exponential Very powerful for many spin and bosonic systems Quantum Monte Carlo • Main idea: Statistical sampling of the exponentially large configuration space • Computational cost is polynomial in N and not exponential Very powerful for many spin and bosonic systems Example: The Heisenberg model . Sandvik & Evertz, PRB 82 (2010): . H = SiSj system sizes up to 256x256 i,j 65536 ⇥ Hilbert space: 2 Ground state sublattice magn. m =0.30743(1) has Néel order . Quantum Monte Carlo • Main idea: Statistical sampling of the exponentially large configuration space • Computational cost is polynomial in N and not exponential Very powerful for many spin and bosonic systems BUT Quantum Monte Carlo & the negative sign problem Bosons Fermions (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • CMC Citation for 2020 Micius Quantum Prize (Theory Portion)
    The Sun rises in Albuquerque on December 10, 2020, as the Prize is announced in Beijing. CMC citation for 2020 Micius Quantum Prize (theory portion) For foundational work on quantum metrology and quantum information theory, especially for elucidating the fundamental noise in interferometers and its suppression with the use of squeezed states. CMC remarks at the press conference announcing award of the Prize First, thanks to the Micius Foundation for awarding me this prestigious, international research prize. The prize is aptly named for the ancient Chinese philosopher Micius, whose moral teachings emphasized introspection, self-reflection, and authenticity, all values that I hold dear, and who taught that all people are equal and that innovation is as valuable as tradition. Second, thanks to the Selection Committee. That this group of outstanding scientists thought that my scientific contributions are worthy of recognition is both gratifying and humbling. Third, thanks to Peter Zoller for a very favorable rendering of my contributions to science. I can only wonder where Peter was back when I was trying to get the University of New Mexico to raise my salary. It is a great honor to have been awarded a prize of this magnitude and prestige. But prizes are dangerous. The head swells, and it needs to be deflated, and for deflation, I have my two kids, Eleanor Caves and Jeremy Rugenstein, both of whom are scientists, as are their spouses. I happened to open the e-mail informing me I had been awarded the Micius Prize on a Saturday morning a few weeks ago, just as I was about to Skype with Eleanor in the UK and Jeremy in Colorado.
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 Annual Report American Physical Society
    1 2005 Annual Report American Physical Society APS 20052 APS OFFICERS 2006 APS OFFICERS PRESIDENT: PRESIDENT: Marvin L. Cohen John J. Hopfield University of California, Berkeley Princeton University PRESIDENT ELECT: PRESIDENT ELECT: John N. Bahcall Leo P. Kadanoff Institue for Advanced Study, Princeton University of Chicago VICE PRESIDENT: VICE PRESIDENT: John J. Hopfield Arthur Bienenstock Princeton University Stanford University PAST PRESIDENT: PAST PRESIDENT: Helen R. Quinn Marvin L. Cohen Stanford University, (SLAC) University of California, Berkeley EXECUTIVE OFFICER: EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Judy R. Franz Judy R. Franz University of Alabama, Huntsville University of Alabama, Huntsville TREASURER: TREASURER: Thomas McIlrath Thomas McIlrath University of Maryland (Emeritus) University of Maryland (Emeritus) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Martin Blume Martin Blume Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) PHOTO CREDITS: Cover (l-r): 1Diffraction patterns of a GaN quantum dot particle—UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, SLAC & UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503 (2005) 2TESLA 9-cell 1.3 GHz SRF cavities from ACCEL Corp. in Germany for ILC. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Service 3G0 detector studying strange quarks in the proton—Jefferson Lab 4Sections of a resistive magnet (Florida-Bitter magnet) from NHMFL at Talahassee LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT APS IN 2005 3 2005 was a very special year for the physics community and the American Physical Society. Declared the World Year of Physics by the United Nations, the year provided a unique opportunity for the international physics community to reach out to the general public while celebrating the centennial of Einstein’s “miraculous year.” The year started with an international Launching Conference in Paris, France that brought together more than 500 students from around the world to interact with leading physicists.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 March Meeting Program Guide
    MARCHMEETING2018 LOS ANGELES MARCH 5-9 PROGRAM GUIDE #apsmarch aps.org/meetingapp aps.org/meetings/march Senior Editor: Arup Chakraborty Robert T. Haslam Professor of Chemical Engineering; Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT Now welcoming submissions in the Physics of Living Systems Submit your best work at elifesci.org/physics-living-systems Image: D. Bonazzi (CC BY 2.0) Led by Senior Editor Arup Chakraborty, this dedicated new section of the open-access journal eLife welcomes studies in which experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches rooted in the physical sciences are developed and/or applied to provide deep insights into the collective properties and function of multicomponent biological systems and processes. eLife publishes groundbreaking research in the life and biomedical sciences. All decisions are made by working scientists. WELCOME t is a pleasure to welcome you to Los Angeles and to the APS March I Meeting 2018. As has become a tradition, the March Meeting is a spectacular gathering of an enthusiastic group of scientists from diverse organizations and backgrounds who have broad interests in physics. This meeting provides us an opportunity to present exciting new work as well as to learn from others, and to meet up with colleagues and make new friends. While you are here, I encourage you to take every opportunity to experience the amazing science that envelops us at the meeting, and to enjoy the many additional professional and social gatherings offered. Additionally, this is a year for Strategic Planning for APS, when the membership will consider the evolving mission of APS and where we want to go as a society.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Daniel Loss
    CURRICULUM VITAE Daniel Loss Department of Physics Nationality: Swiss University of Basel Born: February 25, 1958, Winterthur (CH) Klingelbergstrasse 82 Marital status: Married, 2 children 4056 Basel, Switzerland [email protected]; quantumtheory.physik.unibas.ch Positions August 2020-2032: Co-Director and founding member of National Center on Spin Qubits (NCCR SPIN), University of Basel & IBM Zurich. Since May 2006: Co-Director of the Swiss Nanoscale Center SNI, University of Basel. Since April 2005: Director of the Center for Quantum Computing and Quantum Coherence (QC2), University of Basel. 1998-1999, 2004-2005, 2008-2010 Chairman, Department of Physics, University of Basel. Since Oct. 1996: Professor of Theoretical Physics (Ordinarius), University of Basel, Switzerland. Sept. 1995 { Sept. 1996: Associate Professor of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. Jan. 1993 { Aug. 1995: Assistant Professor of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. Sept. 1991 { Jan. 1993: Research Scientist, condensed matter theory division, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, USA. Oct. 1989 { Sept. 1991: Postdoctoral Research Fellow with Prof. A. J. Leggett (Nobel Laureate 2003) at the University of Illinois, Urbana, USA. Dec. 1985 { Sept. 1989: Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Z¨urich. Education Aug. 1983 { Dec. 1985: Ph. D. student and teaching assistant at the Univ. of Z¨urich. Dissertation in statistical mechanics; advisor: Prof. A. Thellung. Oct. 1979 { July 1983: Study of theoretical physics at the University of Z¨urich; received diploma with distinction. Diploma thesis in general relativity; advisor: Prof. N. Straumann. Oct. 1977 { Oct. 1979: Medical School (1. & 2. Propaedeuticum), University of Z¨urich, then transfer to physics.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 / 3 Anwendungen Von Festkörperphysik 1 / 4
    1 / 3 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik Elektronik/Optoelektronik 1 / 4 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik Organische (Opto-)elektronik Selbstreinigende Oberflächen Energietechnologie 2 1 / 5 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik „intelligente“ Materialien Schaltbare Molekülschichten Magnetoelektrische Sensoren „Brain-Maschine-Interface“ 1 / 6 Nobelpreise für Physik zu festkörperphysikalischen Themen 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1914 Max von Laue 1915 William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg 1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume 1921 Albert Einstein 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan Details siehe 1924 Karl Manne Siegbahn 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin http://almaz.com/nobel/ 1937 Clinton Davisson, George Paget physics/physics.html 1946 Percy W. Bridgman 1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen und Walter H. Brattain 1961 Rudolf Mößbauer 1962 Lev Landau 1971 Louis Néel 1972 John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian Davon Josephson 1977 Philip W. Anderson, Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck 1978 Pjotr Kapiza 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1987 Johannes Georg Bednorz, Karl Alex Müller 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford Glenwood Shull 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer, Daniel Chee Tsui 2000 Schores Alfjorow, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2003 Alexei Abrikossow, Witali Ginsburg, Anthony James Leggett 2007
    [Show full text]
  • A First Introduction to Quantum Computing and Information a First Introduction to Quantum Computing and Information Bernard Zygelman
    Bernard Zygelman A First Introduction to Quantum Computing and Information A First Introduction to Quantum Computing and Information Bernard Zygelman A First Introduction to Quantum Computing and Information 123 Bernard Zygelman Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV, USA ISBN 978-3-319-91628-6 ISBN 978-3-319-91629-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91629-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946528 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
    [Show full text]
  • Science & ROGER PENROSE
    Science & ROGER PENROSE Live Webinar - hosted by the Center for Consciousness Studies August 3 – 6, 2021 9:00 am – 12:30 pm (MST-Arizona) each day 4 Online Live Sessions DAY 1 Tuesday August 3, 2021 9:00 am to 12:30 pm MST-Arizona Overview / Black Holes SIR ROGER PENROSE (Nobel Laureate) Oxford University, UK Tuesday August 3, 2021 9:00 am – 10:30 am MST-Arizona Roger Penrose was born, August 8, 1931 in Colchester Essex UK. He earned a 1st class mathematics degree at University College London; a PhD at Cambridge UK, and became assistant lecturer, Bedford College London, Research Fellow St John’s College, Cambridge (now Honorary Fellow), a post-doc at King’s College London, NATO Fellow at Princeton, Syracuse, and Cornell Universities, USA. He also served a 1-year appointment at University of Texas, became a Reader then full Professor at Birkbeck College, London, and Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics, Oxford University (during which he served several 1/2-year periods as Mathematics Professor at Rice University, Houston, Texas). He is now Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor, Fellow, Wadham College, Oxford (now Emeritus Fellow). He has received many awards and honorary degrees, including knighthood, Fellow of the Royal Society and of the US National Academy of Sciences, the De Morgan Medal of London Mathematical Society, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, the Wolf Prize in mathematics (shared with Stephen Hawking), the Pomeranchuk Prize (Moscow), and one half of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, the other half shared by Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to Industry Canada
    Report to Industry Canada 2013/14 Annual Report and Final Report for 2008-2014 Granting Period Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo June 2014 1 CONTENTS From the Executive Director 3 Executive Summary 5 The Institute for Quantum Computing 8 Strategic Objectives 9 2008-2014 Overview 10 2013/14 Annual Report Highlights 23 Conducting Research in Quantum Information 23 Recruiting New Researchers 32 Collaborating with Other Researchers 35 Building, Facilities & Laboratory Support 43 Become a Magnet for Highly Qualified Personnel in the Field of Quantum Information 48 Establishing IQC as the Authoritative Source of Insight, Analysis and Commentary on Quantum Information 58 Communications and Outreach 62 Administrative and Technical Support 69 Risk Assessment & Mitigation Strategies 70 Appendix 73 2 From the Executive Director The next great technological revolution – the quantum age “There is a second quantum revolution coming – which will be responsible for most of the key physical technological advances for the 21st Century.” Gerard J. Milburn, Director, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland - 2002 There is no doubt now that the next great era in humanity’s history will be the quantum age. IQC was created in 2002 to seize the potential of quantum information science for Canada. IQC’s vision was bold, positioning Canada as a leader in research and providing the necessary infrastructure for Canada to emerge as a quantum industry powerhouse. Today, IQC stands among the top quantum information research institutes in the world. Leaders in all fields of quantum information science come to IQC to participate in our research, share their knowledge and encourage the next generation of scientists to continue on this incredible journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Observations of Gravitational Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors
    universe Review Recent Observations of Gravitational Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors Andrzej Królak 1,2,* and Paritosh Verma 2 1 Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-656 Warsaw, Poland 2 National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In this paper we present the most recent observations of gravitational waves (GWs) by LIGO and Virgo detectors. We also discuss contributions of the recent Nobel prize winner, Sir Roger Penrose to understanding gravitational radiation and black holes (BHs). We make a short introduction to GW phenomenon in general relativity (GR) and we present main sources of detectable GW signals. We describe the laser interferometric detectors that made the first observations of GWs. We briefly discuss the first direct detection of GW signal that originated from a merger of two BHs and the first detection of GW signal form merger of two neutron stars (NSs). Finally we present in more detail the observations of GW signals made during the first half of the most recent observing run of the LIGO and Virgo projects. Finally we present prospects for future GW observations. Keywords: gravitational waves; black holes; neutron stars; laser interferometers 1. Introduction The first terrestrial direct detection of GWs on 14 September 2015, was a milestone Citation: Kro´lak, A.; Verma, P. discovery, and it opened up an entirely new window to explore the universe. The combined Recent Observations of Gravitational effort of various scientists and engineers worldwide working on the theoretical, experi- Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors.
    [Show full text]
  • MATTERS of GRAVITY, a Newsletter for the Gravity Community, Number 3
    MATTERS OF GRAVITY Number 3 Spring 1994 Table of Contents Editorial ................................................... ................... 2 Correspondents ................................................... ............ 2 Gravity news: Open Letter to gravitational physicists, Beverly Berger ........................ 3 A Missouri relativist in King Gustav’s Court, Clifford Will .................... 6 Gary Horowitz wins the Xanthopoulos award, Abhay Ashtekar ................ 9 Research briefs: Gamma-ray bursts and their possible cosmological implications, Peter Meszaros 12 Current activity and results in laboratory gravity, Riley Newman ............. 15 Update on representations of quantum gravity, Donald Marolf ................ 19 Ligo project report: December 1993, Rochus E. Vogt ......................... 23 Dark matter or new gravity?, Richard Hammond ............................. 25 Conference Reports: Gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries, Curt Cutler ........... 28 Mach’s principle: from Newton’s bucket to quantum gravity, Dieter Brill ..... 31 Cornelius Lanczos international centenary conference, David Brown .......... 33 Third Midwest relativity conference, David Garfinkle ......................... 36 arXiv:gr-qc/9402002v1 1 Feb 1994 Editor: Jorge Pullin Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6300 Fax: (814)863-9608 Phone (814)863-9597 Internet: [email protected] 1 Editorial Well, this newsletter is growing into its third year and third number with a lot of strength. In fact, maybe too much strength. Twelve articles and 37 (!) pages. In this number, apart from the ”traditional” research briefs and conference reports we also bring some news for the community, therefore starting to fulfill the original promise of bringing the gravity/relativity community closer together. As usual I am open to suggestions, criticisms and proposals for articles for the next issue, due September 1st. Many thanks to the authors and the correspondents who made this issue possible.
    [Show full text]