Curriculum Vitae Steven M. Girvin
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Quantum Optics with Electrical Circuits: Strong Coupling Cavity QED
Quantum Optics with Electrical Circuits: Strong Coupling Cavity QED Experiment Theory Rob Schoelkopf Michel Devoret Andreas Wallraff Steven Girvin Alexandre Blais (Sherbrooke) David Schuster NSF/Keck Foundation Hannes Majer Jay Gambetta Center Luigi Frunzio Axel Andre R. Vijayaraghavan for K. Moon (Yonsei) Irfan Siddiqi Quantum Information Physics Terri Yu Michael Metcalfe Chad Rigetti Yale University R-S Huang (Ames Lab) Andrew Houck K. Sengupta (Toronto) Cliff Cheung (Harvard) Aash Clerk (McGill) 1 A Circuit Analog for Cavity QED 2g = vacuum Rabi freq. κ = cavity decay rate γ = “transverse” decay rate out cm 2.5 λ ~ transmissionL = line “cavity” E B DC + 5 µm 6 GHz in - ++ - 2 Blais et al., Phys. Rev. A 2004 10 µm The Chip for Circuit QED Nb No wires Si attached Al to qubit! Nb First coherent coupling of solid-state qubit to single photon: A. Wallraff, et al., Nature (London) 431, 162 (2004) Theory: Blais et al., Phys. Rev. A 69, 062320 (2004) 3 Advantages of 1d Cavity and Artificial Atom gd= iERMS / Vacuum fields: Transition dipole: mode volume10−63λ de~40,000 a0 ∼ 10dRydberg n=50 ERMS ~ 0.25 V/m cm ide .5 gu 2 ave λ ~ w L = R ≥ λ e abl l c xia coa R λ 5 µm Cooper-pair box “atom” 4 Resonator as Harmonic Oscillator 1122 L r C H =+()LI CV r 22L Φ ≡=LI coordinate flux ˆ † 1 V = momentum voltage Hacavity =+ωr ()a2 ˆ † VV=+RMS ()aa 11ˆ 2 ⎛⎞1 CV00= ⎜⎟ω 22⎝⎠2 ω VV= r ∼ 12− µ RMS 2C 5 The Artificial Atom non-dissipative ⇒ superconducting circuit element non-linear ⇒ Josephson tunnel junction 1nm +n(2e) -n(2e) SUPERCONDUCTING Anharmonic! -
BPA NEWS Board on Physics and Astronomy • National Research Council • Washington, DC • 202-334-3520 • [email protected] • June 1999
BPA NEWS Board on Physics and Astronomy • National Research Council • Washington, DC • 202-334-3520 • [email protected] • June 1999 scientists, and educators must address Materials in a New Era—1999 Solid State several issues: (1) Our science policy is Sciences Committee Forum Summary outdated. (2) The American public does not understand science and its practice. by Thomas P. Russell, Chair, Solid State Sciences Committee (3) Scientists are politically clueless. It is The 1999 Solid State Sciences Com- tists must operate, and the changing roles evident that our nation needs to improve mittee Forum, entitled “Materials in a of government laboratories, industry, and its science, mathematics, engineering, and New Era,” was held at the National academic institutions in promoting technology education; to develop a new Academy of Sciences in Washington, materials science. concise, coherent, and comprehensive D.C., on February 16-17, 1999. This science policy; and to make its scientists article is a summary of the discussions. A Unlocking Our Future socially responsible and politically aware. more detailed account of the forum Laura Rodriguez, a staff member in The report makes four major recommen- appears in Materials in a New Era: Pro- the office of Representative Vernon dations: ceedings of the 1999 Solid State Sciences Ehlers (R-MI), set the stage from a na- 1. Continue to push the boundaries of the Committee Forum, soon to be available tional perspective with the keynote pre- scientific frontier by supporting interdis- from the Board on Physics and As- sentation on the recently issued study ciplinary research, maintaining a bal- tronomy. The agenda for the forum Unlocking Our Future: Toward a New anced research portfolio, and funding appears on Page 5 of this newsletter. -
The Quantum Times
TThhee QQuuaannttuumm TTiimmeess APS Topical Group on Quantum Information, Concepts, and Computation autumn 2007 Volume 2, Number 3 Science Without Borders: Quantum Information in Iran This year the first International Iran Conference on Quantum Information (IICQI) – see http://iicqi.sharif.ir/ – was held at Kish Island in Iran 7-10 September 2007. The conference was sponsored by Sharif University of Technology and its affiliate Kish University, which was the local host of the conference, the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Hi-Tech Industries Center, Center for International Collaboration, Kish Free Zone Organization (KFZO) and The Center of Excellence In Complex System and Condensed Matter (CSCM). The high level of support was instrumental in supporting numerous foreign participants (one-quarter of the 98 registrants) and also in keeping the costs down for Iranian participants, and having the conference held at Kish Island meant that people from around the world could come without visas. The low cost for Iranians was important in making the Inside… conference a success. In contrast to typical conferences in most …you’ll find statements from of the world, Iranian faculty members and students do not have the candidates running for various much if any grant funding for conferences and travel and posts within our topical group. I therefore paid all or most of their own costs from their own extend my thanks and appreciation personal money, which meant that a low-cost meeting was to the candidates, who were under essential to encourage a high level of participation. On the plus a time-crunch, and Charles Bennett side, the attendees were extraordinarily committed to learning, and the rest of the Nominating discussing, and presenting work far beyond what I am used to at Committee for arranging the slate typical conferences: many participants came to talks prepared of candidates and collecting their and knowledgeable about the speaker's work, and the poster statements for the newsletter. -
Building an Interesting Quantum Computer…
Building an Interesting Quantum Computer… Rob Schoelkopf Applied Physics Yale University PI’s @ Yale: RS Michel Devoret Luigi Frunzio Steven Girvin Leonid Glazman Liang Jiang Postdocs & grad students wanted! Overview Where are “we” today? We will build (in next ~ 5 years) interesting quantum devices: = complexity that CANNOT EVER be classically simulated (> 50 qubits or equivalent) Now beginning a new era where a merger is needed: quantum device physics systems engineering “quantum computer science” information thy./algorithms Outstanding questions: what’s the best architecture? how much overhead for error correction (QEC)? who will be the first to build something useful ? Still lots of innovation in physics, engineering, and theory ahead! Classical vs. Quantum Bits Information as state of a two-level quantum system Classical bit Quantum bits (or “qubits”) single atom single spin values 0 or 1 (never in between!) g = 0 ↑=0 define: e = 1 ↓=1 superposition: Ψ=αβ01 + What’s so special about the quantum world? Part 1: Superposition “the twin-slit experiment” source of 1 interference particles pattern = quantum 0 coherence Classical objects go either one way or the other. Quantum objects (electrons, photons) go both ways. Gives a quantum computation an inherent kind of parallelism! What’s so special about the quantum world? Part 2: Entanglement, or when more is (exponentially) different! Start with N non-interacting qubits Ψ2 Ψ 1 Ψ N Ψ=tot (αβ1101 +) ⊗( αβ 2 01 + 2) ⊗ (αβNN01+ ) “Product” state (non-interacting) of N qubits: ~ N bits of info -
![Arxiv:1712.05854V1 [Quant-Ph] 15 Dec 2017](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/7326/arxiv-1712-05854v1-quant-ph-15-dec-2017-2677326.webp)
Arxiv:1712.05854V1 [Quant-Ph] 15 Dec 2017
Deterministic remote entanglement of superconducting circuits through microwave two-photon transitions P. Campagne-Ibarcq,1, ∗ E. Zalys-Geller, A. Narla, S. Shankar, P. Reinhold, L. Burkhart, C. Axline, W. Pfaff, L. Frunzio, R. J. Schoelkopf,1 and M. H. Devoret1, † 1Department of Applied Physics, Yale University (Dated: December 19, 2017) Large-scale quantum information processing networks will most probably require the entanglement of distant systems that do not interact directly. This can be done by performing entangling gates between standing information carriers, used as memories or local computational resources, and flying ones, acting as quantum buses. We report the deterministic entanglement of two remote transmon qubits by Raman stimulated emission and absorption of a traveling photon wavepacket. We achieve a Bell state fidelity of 73%, well explained by losses in the transmission line and decoherence of each qubit. INTRODUCTION to shuffle information between the nodes of a network. However, the natural emission and absorption temporal envelopes of two identical nodes do not match as one Entanglement, which Schroedinger described as “the is the time-reversed of the other. Following pioneering characteristic trait of quantum mechanics” [1], is instru- work in ion traps [15], many experiments in circuit-QED mental for quantum information science applications have sought to modulate in time the effective coupling such as quantum cryptography and all the known of the emitter to a transmission channel in order to pure-state quantum algorithms [2]. Two systems Alice shape the “pitched” wavepacket [16–20]. Indeed, a rising and Bob that do not interact directly can be entangled if exponential wavepacket could be efficiently absorbed they interact locally with a third traveling system acting [21–24] by the receiver. -
ROBERT J. SCHOELKOPF Yale University
ROBERT J. SCHOELKOPF Yale University Phone: (203) 432-4289 15 Prospect Street, #423 Becton Center Fax: (203) 432-4283 New Haven, CT 06520-8284 e-mail: [email protected] website: http://rsl.yale.edu/ PERSONAL U.S. Citizen. Married, two children. EDUCATION Princeton University, A. B. Physics, cum laude. 1986 California Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Physics. 1995 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Director of Yale Quantum Institute 2014 – present Sterling Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University 2013- present William A. Norton Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University 2009-2013 Co-Director of Yale Center for Microelectronic Materials and Structures 2006-2012 Associate Director, Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering 2009 Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University 2003-2008 Interim Department Chairman, Applied Physics, Yale University July-December 2012 Visiting Professor, University of New South Wales, Australia March-June 2008 Assistant Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University July 1998-July 2003 Associate Research Scientist and Lecturer, January 1995-July 1998 Department of Applied Physics, Yale University Graduate Research Assistant, Physics, California Institute of Technology 1988-1994 Electrical/Cryogenic Engineer, Laboratory for High-Energy Astrophysics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 1986-1988 HONORS AND AWARDS Connecticut Medal of Science (The Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering) 2017 Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2016 Elected to National Academy of Sciences 2015 Max Planck Forschungspreis 2014 Fritz London Memorial Prize 2014 John Stewart Bell Prize 2013 Yale Science and Engineering Association (YSEA) Award for Advancement 2010 of Basic and Applied Science Member of Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering 2009 APS Joseph F. -
Quantum Measurement and Bath Engineering for Superconducting Qubits Via Multiple Parametric Couplings
Quantum measurement and bath engineering for superconducting qubits via multiple parametric couplings by Xi Cao Bachelor of Science, Wuhan University, 2014 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2021 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Xi Cao It was defended on February 11, 2021 and approved by Michael Hatridge, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh David Pekker, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh Sergey Frolov, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh Ayres Freitas, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh Daniel Lambrecht, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University Dissertation Director: Michael Hatridge, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Xi Cao 2021 iii Quantum measurement and bath engineering for superconducting qubits via multiple parametric couplings Xi Cao, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2021 Quantum computers have huge potential applications, but do not currently exist. It has already been proven that a quantum computer would outperform the best classical supercomputers in certain problems, some of which have vital connections with our daily lives. For example, quantum computers efficiently solve the prime number factoring problem, which in turn is the foundation of the RSA algorithm behind most online transactions. There is a great deal of current effort to implement quantum computers, and we have seen good progress in platforms including superconducting circuits, ion traps, and photons in cavity QED systems and spins in semiconductors. -
The 2014 Fritz London Memorial Prize Winners Robert J. Schoelkopf
The 2014 Fritz London Memorial Prize Winners Robert J. Schoelkopf, (Yale University, USA) http://appliedphysics.yale.edu/robert-j-schoelkopf Citation: "The Fritz London Memorial Prize is awarded to Prof. Robert J. Schoelkopf in recognition of fundamental and pioneering experimental advances in quantum control, quantum information processing and quantum optics with superconducting qubits and microwave photons." Robert Schoelkopf is the Sterling Professor of Applied Physics and Physics at Yale University. His research focuses on the development of superconducting devices for quantum information processing, which might eventually lead to revolutionary advances in computing. His group is a leader in the development of solid-state quantum bits (qubits) for quantum computing, and the advancement of their performance to practical levels. Together with his collaborators at Yale, Professors Michel Devoret and Steve Girvin, their team created the new field of “circuit quantum electrodynamics,” which allows quantum information to be distributed by microwave signals on wires. His lab has produced many firsts in the field based on these ideas, including the development of a “quantum bus” for information, and the first demonstrations of quantum algorithms and quantum error correction with integrated circuits. A graduate of Princeton University, Schoelkopf earned his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology. From 1986 to 1988 he was an electrical/cryogenic engineer in the Laboratory for High-Energy Astrophysics at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, where he developed low-temperature radiation detectors and cryogenic instrumentation for future space missions. Schoelkopf, who came to Yale as a postdoctoral researcher in 1995, joined the faculty in 1998, becoming a full professor in 2003. -
Scientists Create First Electronic Quantum Processor 28 June 2009
Scientists create first electronic quantum processor 28 June 2009 computers. Because of the counterintuitive laws of quantum mechanics, however, scientists can effectively place qubits in a "superposition" of multiple states at the same time, allowing for greater information storage and processing power. For example, imagine having four phone numbers, The two-qubit processor is the first solid-state quantum including one for a friend, but not knowing which processor that resembles a conventional computer chip number belonged to that friend. You would typically and is able to run simple algorithms. Credit: Blake have to try two to three numbers before you dialed Johnson/Yale University the right one. A quantum processor, on the other hand, can find the right number in only one try. "Instead of having to place a phone call to one A team led by Yale University researchers has number, then another number, you use quantum created the first rudimentary solid-state quantum mechanics to speed up the process," Schoelkopf processor, taking another step toward the ultimate said. "It's like being able to place one phone call dream of building a quantum computer. that simultaneously tests all four numbers, but only goes through to the right one." They also used the two-qubit superconducting chip to successfully run elementary algorithms, such as These sorts of computations, though simple, have a simple search, demonstrating quantum not been possible using solid-state qubits until now information processing with a solid-state device for in part because scientists could not get the qubits the first time. Their findings will appear in Nature's to last long enough. -
![Arxiv:1711.02999V3 [Quant-Ph] 31 Jul 2018 Lowing](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/1362/arxiv-1711-02999v3-quant-ph-31-jul-2018-lowing-4481362.webp)
Arxiv:1711.02999V3 [Quant-Ph] 31 Jul 2018 Lowing
Implementation-independent sufficient condition of the Knill-Laflamme type for the autonomous protection of logical qudits by strong engineered dissipation Jae-Mo Lihm,1 Kyungjoo Noh,2 and Uwe R. Fischer3 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Center for Theoretical Physics, 08826 Seoul, Korea 2Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA 3Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea Autonomous quantum error correction utilizes the engineered coupling of a quantum system to a dissipative ancilla to protect quantum logical states from decoherence. We show that the Knill-Laflamme condition, stating that the environmental error operators should act trivially on a subspace, which then becomes the code subspace, is sufficient for logical qudits to be protected against Markovian noise. It is proven that the error caused by the total Lindbladian evolution in the code subspace can be suppressed up to very long times in the limit of large engineered dissipation, by explicitly deriving how the error scales with both time and engineered dissipation strength. To demonstrate the potential of our approach for applications, we implement our general theory with binomial codes, a class of bosonic error-correcting codes, and outline how they can be implemented in a fully autonomous manner to protect against photon loss in a microwave cavity. I. INTRODUCTION deriving a rigorous upper bound of logical error probability in terms of the engineered dissipation strength. In addition, we In the majority of practically realized experiments, the un- do not assume any structure of the error-correcting codes, and avoidable coupling to an environment leads to non-unitary thus our theory also applies to the codes which are beyond the evolution and introduces noise and dissipation into the sys- paradigm of stabilizer-based qubit codes. -
APS NEWS May 2007 •
May 2007 Volume 16, No. 5 www.aps.org/publications/apsnews APS NEWS Highlights Climate Change is All About Energy A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY • WWW.apS.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/apSNEWS on page 8 Franklin’s Secret Message Revealed Reliving the Good Old Days of Superconductivity Twenty years after the Wood- and Alex Muller, at IBM Zurich, Cu-O compound. Initially they had stock of Physics session at the 1987 made their discovery of a lantha- seen only hints of superconductiv- APS March Meeting in which re- num-based cuprate perovskite that ity, and colleagues were skeptical searchers presented results on re- superconducts at 35K. that this unlikely ceramic compound cently discovered high temperature At the 2007 March Meeting, would superconduct. By October superconductors, many of the sci- Bednorz recounted how he and 1986, however, they had found the entists involved returned to speak Muller had worked for months on optimum composition and had ob- at the 2007 March Meeting. They the project before making the dis- served that the material exhibited reminisced about that exciting time covery. They were working with the Meissner effect, considered de- and commented on progress since copper oxides, rather than conven- finitive proof that the compound then. tional metallic alloys, and had tried was superconducting, and they sent This year also marks the 50th an- material after material with no suc- their paper off for publication. They niversary of the BCS theory of su- cess. It was frustrating at times, but won the Nobel Prize in 1987. perconductivity. Speakers at a spe- they kept going, Bednorz said dur- What made the discovery so ex- Photo by Ken Cole All the classes that had correctly deciphered Ben Franklin’s secret message cial evening session at the March ing the 2007 press conference. -
YALE QUANTUM INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2020 on the Cover
YALE QUANTUM INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2020 On the cover At first glance the YQI logo seems straightforward, however it contains a few hidden meanings. The Q and I are Director's Word stacked on top of one other to evoke the superposition of state like a on/off button, and the feline-like tail of the Q hints at Schrödinger's cat. But this year, our logo gets atomized! Robert Schoelkopf Sterling Professor of Applied Physics and Physics 1.6 YQI investigator Nir Navon’s group focuses on the quantum many-body 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 role in the next phase of growth in this research, engineering and 1.4 problem. They devised a program known as quantum simulation, in 1.2 teaching activity at Yale. 50 which well-controlled quantum systems can be used to investigate 1 100 0.8 prototypical quantum many-body models. These quantum simulations This year YQI welcomed to our membership six additional faculty 0.6 consists of quantum matter cooled down to “ultracold” scales. members for a 5-year term (see page 11), bringing to 23 the 150 0.4 density Optical 0.2 numbers of faculty members working under the Institute umbrella. 200 0 Ultracold quantum matter is a fascinating platform to conduct this We have broadened our research portfolio by including members x- and y-axis: pixels (1.85 µm/px) (proportional to the number o atoms) program. Researchers can control the laser traps in which the atoms are from the Chemistry department and from areas of physics focused confined, the interactions between particles, or subject them to effective gauge fields.