Protecting Child Domestic Workers in Tanzania: Evaluating the Scalability and Impact of the Drafting and Adoption of Local District Bylaws January 2020 Version 2 Dr Caroline Emberson, Laoise Ni Bhriain and Dr Emily Wyman, Rights Lab, University of Nottingham, UK 1 List of Abbreviations CDO Community Development Officer CDW Child Domestic Workers DO District Officer NAP-VAWC National Action Plan to end Violence Against Women and Children NGO Non-Governmental Organisation SL Street Leader SW Social Worker TCDWC Tanzanian Child Domestic Workers Coalition WDO Ward Development Officer List of Organisations BMU Beach Management Unit. This lakeshore organisation consisted of 15 members, with a secretary and a chair. CHUDAWU Conservation, Hotel, Domestic and Allied Workers Union ILO International Labour Organisation Kivulini Women’s Rights Organisation, Tanzania MOCSO Magu NGO specialising in HIV prevention Nuru Mwanza NGO and TCDWC Member Tumaini Mwanza NGO Employer’s Organisation and TCDWC Member Wajabu Mwanza NGO and TCDWC Member Ward Development Committee Ward Development Committees, which are held quarterly, are formed of councillors, a ward executive officer, village or street chair, representatives of teachers in the district, representatives from the professions e.g. doctors, agricultural officers, livestock officers; community development officers and other developmental partners e.g. NGOs. Wote Sawa Tanzania NGO Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their thanks to George Lenard Chimaga, Irene Balyesele and the team at the Tanzanian Child Domestic Workers Coalition (TCDWC), for their facilitation of the Tanzanian fieldwork and quantitative data collection, and to Glory Mlaki, for her interpretation during the interviews and her translation of the Ilemela and Nyamagana bylaws. 2 List of Tables Table 1: Key comparative geo-political data related to Ilemela, Magu and Nyamagana Table 2: Key quantitative secondary data indicators Table 3: Summary of recommendations List of Figures Figure 1: Districts in Mwanza Figure 2: Nature of Child Domestic Worker Abuse Cases (Third quarter 2019) Figure 3: Sum of CDW Abuse referrals (by Referral Type and District, 2017-2019) Figure 4: Number of CDW abuse referrals to district authorities by year (2017-2019) Figure 5: Critical components List of Boxes Box 1: CDWs in Magu Box 2: Changes reported as a result of the introduction of contracts Box 3: The nature of CDW abuse reported to district social workers in Ilemela Box 4: CDW accounts of action to address abuse against CDWs in Nyamagana Box 5: The importance of CDW committees Box 6: Employer’s discrimination of CDW in Ilemela: the denial of salary 3 Contents 1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 The Legal Framework for Child Domestic Work in Tanzania .................................................. 8 2.2 Child Domestic Work in Tanzania ......................................................................................... 10 2.3 Project Background ............................................................................................................... 11 3 Scope of the Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Rationale, Aim and Objectives .............................................................................................. 12 3.2 Site Selection ......................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Interviews .............................................................................................................................. 14 3.4 Secondary Data ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Limitations............................................................................................................................. 15 4 Child Domestic Workers in Mwanza ............................................................................................. 16 5 Results Framework........................................................................................................................ 19 5.1 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Activities ................................................................................................................................ 19 5.3 Outputs ................................................................................................................................. 20 5.3.1 CDW registration and contracts .................................................................................... 20 5.3.2 Reports of Abuse ........................................................................................................... 21 5.4 Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 23 5.4.1 For CDWs ....................................................................................................................... 23 5.4.2 For Employers ............................................................................................................... 24 5.4.3 For the Community ....................................................................................................... 25 5.4.4 For Local Authorities ..................................................................................................... 27 5.5 Impact ................................................................................................................................... 29 5.5.1 Changes to Employer Behaviour ................................................................................... 29 5.5.2 Changes to Community Attitudes and Behaviours ....................................................... 30 6 Critical Components, Enablers and Inhibitors............................................................................... 31 6.1 Critical Components .............................................................................................................. 31 6.2 Enablers ................................................................................................................................. 32 6.3 Inhibitors ............................................................................................................................... 33 6.4 Remaining Challenges ........................................................................................................... 35 7 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 36 7.1 Replicability ........................................................................................................................... 36 7.2 Scalability .............................................................................................................................. 38 7.3 Impact and Sustainability ...................................................................................................... 39 4 8 Opportunities for Further Development ...................................................................................... 40 9 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 41 9.1 Replicability ........................................................................................................................... 41 9.2 Scalability .............................................................................................................................. 43 9.3 Impact ................................................................................................................................... 44 Annex I: Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................. 45 Annex II: Interview Participants ............................................................................................................ 47 Annex III: Structured Interview Protocol .............................................................................................. 48 Annex IV: Qualitative Data Coding by Interview Number .................................................................... 53 Annex V: Quantitative data ................................................................................................................... 63 Annex VI: Tanzanian Local Government Hierarchy............................................................................... 86 Annex VII: Nature and proportion of CDW abuse cases reported to TCDWC by gender ..................... 87 5 1 Executive Summary Facing high population growth and extreme poverty, domestic work in Tanzania offers the opportunity for children with little education to enter paid employment. This report describes an evaluation and analysis of the impact of the drafting, and prospective adoption, of local bylaws designed to protect the rights of such Child Domestic Workers (CDWs) in the districts of Ilemela and Nyamagana in the Mwanza