The United Republic of Tanzania MWANZA CITY COUNCIL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, 2016 January, 2017 1 The United Republic of Tanzania MWANZA CITY COUNCIL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, 2016 Jointly prepared by Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics and Mwanza City Council National Bureau of Statistics Mwanza City Council Dar es Salaam Mwanza Region January, 2017 2 Foreword The goals of Tanzania’s Development Vision 2030 are in line with United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) .The major goals are to achieve a high- quality livelihood for the people, achieve food security, develop a strong and competitive economy, to ensure equality and empower all women and girls. Monitoring the progress in achieving these goals needs for timely and accurate statistical information at all levels Problems especially in urban areas are many and demanding. Social and economic services require sustainable improvement. The high primary school enrolment rates recently attained have to be maintained and so is the policy of making sure that all pupils who pass standard seven examinations join Form One. The food situation is still precarious; infant and maternal mortality rates continue to be high and unemployment triggers mass migration of youths from rural areas to the already overcrowded urban centres. Added to the above problems, is the menace posed by HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of which hinders efforts to advance into the 21st century of science and technology. The pandemic has been quite severe among the economically active population leaving in its wake an increasing number of orphans, broken families and much suffering. AIDS together with environmental deterioration are the new developmental problems which cannot be ignored. Our efforts to meet both the new and old challenges are hampered by many factors including ill prepared rural development programs followed by weak implementation, monitoring and supervision of these programs. The shortcomings in policy formulation, project identification, design and implementation due to the lack of reliable and adequate data and information on the urban development process have to be addressed to. The availability of reliable, adequate and relevant qualitative and quantitative data and information at city council level is a prerequisite for the success of the formulating, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of citys’ development programs. 3 Mwanza CityCouncil prepares this Socio-Economic by using its own funds. The publication of the Mwanza CitySocial-Economic Profile series by the Ministry of Finance in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics and City Council Management Team should be viewed as a modest attempt towards finding solutions to the existing problem of data and information gap at city level. The City Council Profile covers a wide range of statistics and information on geography, population, social-economic parameters, social services, economic infrastructure, productive sectors and cross cutting issues. Such data have proved vital to many policy makers, planners, researchers, donors and functional managers. This Mwanza CityCouncil Socio Economic Profile has taken advantage of the experience gained in the production of the Regional and District Socio Economic Profiles covering the whole country. It provides valuable information to our clients. Constructive views and criticisms are invited from readers to enable a profile like this become a better tool in the implementation of the country’s policies. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge with thanks, the contribution made by the Mwanza CityCouncil Director’s Office, National Bureau of Statistics and other staffof the City Council who devoted their time to ensure the successful completion of this assignment. Kiomon K. Kibamba City Director January, 2017 4 Acronyms AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ARI Acute Respiratory Infections BCG Bacillus Calmest Guerin (TB Vaccine) CBO Community Based Organization CBPP Contagious Bovine Plural Pneumonia CPR Classroom Pupil Ratio DPR Desk Pupil Ratio DC District Council DPT3/HB3 Diptheria Pertusis Tetanus 3 rd doze/ Haemoglobin Level ECF East Cost Fiver RVF Rift Valley Fever Govt. Government Ha Hectare HIV Human Immune Virus IGAs Income Generating Activities IMR Infant Mortality Rate MMR Maternal Mortality Rate NCD New Castle Disease OPV3 Oral Polio Vaccine 3rd Doze PLHA People Living with HIV/AIDS PMTCT Prevention Mother to Child Transmission PR Pass Rate SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies Sq. Km. Square Kilometre STD VII Standard Seven TB Tuberculosis TBAs Traditional Birth Attendants 5 TPR Toilet Pupil Ratio /Teacher Pupil Ratio TT2 Tetanus Toxoid 2 nd doze U5MR Under Five Mortality Rate VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing VHC Village Health Committee VHWs Village Health Workers VWC Village Water Committee VWF Village Water Fund WUG Water User Group 6 CHAPTER ONE An Overview Chapter one gives information about the geographical location, land area, administrative units, climate and agro-ecological zones of Mwanza city council. It also gives information on ethinic groups, population distribution and size as well as other demographic characteristics. Mwanza city, besides being a headquarters of the City council, it is also the headquarters of Mwanza region,a major Tanzanian port of Lake Victoria and a business centre of a Great Lake Region and East Africa Community. The City can easily be reached by Ugandans and Kenyans through Lake Victoriaand by road to countries such Rwanda, DRC and Burundi. 1.1 Geographical Location Mwanza City is located on the southern shores of Lake Victoria in Northwest Tanzania. It covers an area of 256.45 Kilometer square of which 184.90 (72 percentages) is dry land and 71.55 Kilometer (28 percentages) is covered by water. Of the 184.90 kilometer dry land area, approximately 173 kilometer is urbanized while the remaining areas consist of forested land, valleys, cultivated plains, grassy and undulating rocky hill areas. 1.2 Land Area, Land Use Pattern and Administrative Units Mwanza City has a total area of 256Sq. Km, divided into land area covering 173Sq.Km, equivalent to 67.6 percent of total area and 83.0 Sq.Km, equivalent to 32.4 percent of water area, mostly dominated by lake Victoria. Comparing with other councils in Mwanza region, Mwanza city possess smallest area covered only a percent of the total area (25,233.0 Sq. Km) of the region. Looking at ward level, Mkolani is the largest ward possessing 19 percent of city area followed by Buhongwa (17.6 percent) and Igoma (16.0 percent). The least wards in terms of area are Pamba and Mirongo covered on 0.8 percent of city area each (Table 7 1.1). One general observation from these data is that other wards are not yet known their land areas because were demarcated recently. Therefore, their land areas are included from their former wards. Table 1.1: Land and Water Areas by Ward (Square kilometer), Mwanza City Council, 2015 Land Area Water Area Total Area Ward Sq.km Percent Sq.km Percent Sq.km Percent Buhongwa 31 68.9 14 31.1 45 17.6 Lwanhima* n.a 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Mkolani 35 0.0 13.54 27.9 48.54 19.0 Luchelele* n.a n.a 0 0.0 0 0.0 Butimba 12.91 61.7 8.01 38.3 20.92 8.2 Nyegezi* 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Igogo 10 43.5 13 56.5 23 9.0 Mkuyuni 4 20.6 15.45 79.4 19.45 7.6 Pamba 2 100 0 0.0 2 0.8 Nyamagana 2 16 10.5 84.0 12.5 4.9 Mirongo 2.09 100 0 0.0 2.09 0.8 Isamilo 5 37.0 8.5 63.0 13.5 5.3 Mabatini* 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Mbugani 4 100 0 0.0 4 1.6 Mahina 24 100 0 0.0 24 9.4 Mhandu* 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Igoma 41 100 0 0.0 41 16.0 Kishiri* 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Total 173 67.6 83 32.4 256 100 * These are new wards their areas are included in their former wards Source: City Director’s Office, Land and Natural Resources Department, Mwanza City, 2016 Administratively,Mwanza city was established in 2000 and became among the eight councils of Mwanza Region. It iscomprises of one division, namely Nyamagana, 18 wards and 175 streets. However, it is important to note that, although the law identify Mwanza as a city, still has both rural and urban locations resulted to have both urban and rural wards. The urban wards comprises with Mbugani, Butimba, Mkuyuni, Mabatini, Nyegezi, Nyamagana, Igoma, Pamba, Mkolani, Mirongo, Isamilo and 8 Igogo. The rural wards formed by Lwanhima, kishili,Buhongwa, Mhandu, Mahina and Luchelele. Table 1.2: Number of Administrative Units by Wards, Mwanza City Council; 2015 Land Area No. of Percent of Land Ward (Sq. km) Hamlets Area Buhongwa 45 18 17.6 Lwanhima* 0 18 n.a Mkolani 48.54 10 19.0 Luchelele* 0 10 n.a Butimba 20.92 8 8.2 Nyegezi* 0 8 n.a Igogo 23 9 9.0 Mkuyuni 19.45 8 7.6 Pamba 2 10 0.8 Nyamagana 12.5 4 4.9 Mirongo 2.09 3 0.8 Isamilo 13.5 11 5.3 Mabatini* 0 6 n.a Mbugani 4 6 1.6 Mahina 24 9 9.4 Mhandu* 0 11 n.a Igoma 41 14 16.02 Kishili* 0 12 n.a Total 256 175 100 * These are new wards their areas are included in their former wards Source: City Director’s Office, Land and Natural Resources Department, Mwanza City, 2016 1.3 Climate and Soil 1.3.1 Climate Mwanza City lies at an altitude of 1,140 metres above the sea level withmean temperature ranges between 25.7OC and 30.2OC in hot season and 15.40C and 18.6OC in the cooler months.The City also experiences the average annual rainfalls between 700 and 1000mm falling in two fairly distinct seasons, short and long 9 rainfalls.