DOCSLIB.ORG

ATINER's Conference Paper Series MED2017-2197

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ATINER's Conference Paper Series MED2017-2197 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: LNG2014-1176 Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER's Conference Paper Series MED2017-2197 Financialization of Canadian Media Marc Edge Associate Professor Department of Media and Communications University of Malta Malta & Professor of Media and Communication University Canada West Vancouver, British Columbia Canada 1 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: MED2017-2197 An Introduction to ATINER's Conference Paper Series ATINER started to publish this conference papers series in 2012. It includes only the papers submitted for publication after they were presented at one of the conferences organized by our Institute every year. This paper has been peer reviewed by at least two academic members of ATINER. Dr. Gregory T. Papanikos President Athens Institute for Education and Research This paper should be cited as follows: Edge, M. (2017). "Financialization of Canadian Media", Athens: ATINER'S Conference Paper Series, No: MED2017-2197. Athens Institute for Education and Research 8 Valaoritou Street, Kolonaki, 10671 Athens, Greece Tel: + 30 210 3634210 Fax: + 30 210 3634209 Email: [email protected] URL: www.atiner.gr URL Conference Papers Series: www.atiner.gr/papers.htm Printed in Athens, Greece by the Athens Institute for Education and Research. All rights reserved. Reproduction is allowed for non-commercial purposes if the source is fully acknowledged. ISSN: 2241-2891 18/05/2017 2 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: MED2017-2197 Financialization of Canadian Media Marc Edge Associate Professor Department of Media and Communications University of Malta Malta & Professor of Media and Communication University Canada West Vancouver, British Columbia Canada Abstract Canada, since the 1980s, has exhibited among the highest levels of media ownership concentration in the world. This has been the subject of numerous federal inquiries, including a Royal Commission on Newspapers in 1980-81. Concentration went to another level in 2000 when convergence saw the country’s private television networks partner with major newspaper companies. Most of these arrangements did not survive the decade, dissolving either through bankruptcy or voluntarily. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 saw the country’s largest news media company, Canwest Global Communications, declare bankruptcy. Its newspaper and television divisions were sold to separate owners, with the newspapers being bought by a consortium of its creditors called Postmedia Network led by several US hedge funds. This contravened Canada’s 25-percent limit on foreign ownership of print media, but a two-tiered share structure that kept foreign voting control below the limit was allowed by the federal government. In 2014, Postmedia bought Sun Media, the country’s second-largest newspaper chain. The purchase was approved by the federal Competition Bureau despite the monopoly on English-language daily newspaper publishing it gave Postmedia in most major Canadian cities. Following that approval, and despite its promises to maintain competition in cities where it owned two dailies, Postmedia combined the newsrooms of its newspapers in those cities. This resulted in yet another federal inquiry, which began in early 2016. The situation in Canadian media can be seen as a result of financialization, which began in 1945 with a listing for the public sale of shares in the predecessor company of Postmedia. This allowed for it to be the victim of a hostile takeover in the 1990s and to eventually fall into ownership by hedge funds. A lack of limits on media ownership and weak enforcement of competition laws and foreign ownership limits has assisted this financialization. Keywords: Canadian media, concentration of media ownership, convergence, financialzation, mergers and takeovers 3 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: MED2017-2197 Introduction Decades before the concept of financialization emerged, media industries in Canada began exhibiting under "continentalization" with the United States the symptoms that would later transform the world economy under globalization. As a result, media in Canada are among the mostly highly concentrated in ownership after suffering a disastrous experiment with convergence at the millennium, and despite supposed limits on foreign ownership their remains are now being picked over by US "vulture capitalists". Canadian media thus serve as something of a "canary in the coal mine" for media in other countries now undergoing the same process. Proximity to the United States allowed the first radio waves and then television broadcasts to cross the Canadian border unimpeded, prompting the federal government to enact some stringent media regulations. The content requirements of its own broadcasters were designed to protect the country’s culture from being overwhelmed by American fare. Canadian broadcasters had to carry a certain percentage of home-grown programming in order to encourage the development of Canadian artists. Ownership restrictions were also put in place, as foreigners were limited to a minority position in the ownership of Canadian media. The proliferation of American magazines distributed in Canada led to a requirement that publishers have a certain percentage of Canadian content for their advertisers to qualify for a tax deduction of the expense. The form of regulation adopted, however, was a "back-door" strategy, however, and it ultimately failed to prevent foreign domination due to the ingenuity of media investors. Thus the depredations of high finance wreaked havoc on Canadian media. Financialization arose first on a wave of deregulation in the 1980s brought by the Reagan presidency in the US, and then took off on the back of globalization brought in the 1990s by advances in communication technology – first satellite transmission and then the Internet. Aided by deregulation and globalization, financiers came to excel at extracting value out of enterprises in the phenomenon that came to be called financialization. Their manipulations would crash the world economy in 2008, but that hardly deterred the vulture capitalists, who picked up the pieces at bargain prices to begin the cycle again. Included were some of the biggest newspaper companies in North America, including the largest in Canada, and then the next-largest. Financialization was the name given to the doubling of the US financial sector starting in the 1980s at the same time that its manufacturing output was halved due to globalization. Epstein (2005: 3) defined it in his 2005 book Financialization and the World Economy as "the ascendancy of "shareholder value" as a mode of corporate governance". According to Palley, financialization was a process whereby "markets, financial institutions, and financial elites gain greater influence over economic policy and economic outcomes" (Palley 2007: 2). Its principal impacts, he noted, were to: 1. elevate the significance of the financial sector relative to the real sector, 4 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: MED2017-2197 2. transfer income from the real sector to the financial sector, and 3. increase income inequality and contribute to wage stagnation (Palley 2007: 2). According to Foroohar in her 2016 book Makers and Takers, financialization is an "economic illness" which has led to both to income inequality and declining investment in needed research and development in favor of quarterly dividends and stock buybacks to enrich investors (Foroohar 2016: 5). "Financialization is undermining our economic growth, our social stability, and even our democracy" (Foroohar 2016: 7). The rise of finance has "led to the fall of American business", according to Foroohar (2016: 8) because it has "come to rule – rather than fuel – the real economy". Along with neoliberalism and globalization, financialization transformed world economy starting in the 1980s. It especially transformed media industries, which became highly financialized. In her 2010 book Journalism in Crisis: Corporate Media and Financialization, Almiron (2010: 159) characterized financialization as "the primacy of financial over industrial logics". In a "truly alarming" development, she noted, "finance capital has become the real owner of the world’s top news-media firms" (Almiron 2010: 154). This has come at a cost not just for their journalism but for their very raison d'être. "Media corporatization first and later their financalization have constituted a scenario that turns journalistic autonomy into an illusion", she noted. "Financialized multimedia communication groups are today more of a market power – with multimedia influences and convergent interests with financial groups – than guardians of liberty, creators of consensus, egalitarian democratizers, or subverters of the structures of authority" (Almiron 2010: 174, 175-176). The journalism of financialized news media companies tended to act not as a check and balance on corporate power, she added, but instead acted on behalf of the financial elite and shied away from reporting on its financial engineering. The economic house of cards built by the financial system based on the culture of greed, as so many times before in history, would have a far less chance of progressing in modern societies if journalism hadn’t failed in its role. This failure was encouraged by the progressive deregulation of the media – that is, by approving rules designed to benefit the consolidation and growth of giant corporate owners rather than public service (Almiron 2010: 166). This paper utilizes the historical analysis to explore
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hamilton's Heritage Volume 5
    HAMILTON’S HERITAGE 5 0 0 2 e n u Volume 5 J Reasons for Designation Under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act Hamilton Planning and Development Department Development and Real Estate Division Community Planning and Design Section Whitehern (McQuesten House) HAMILTON’S HERITAGE Hamilton 5 0 0 2 e n u Volume 5 J Old Town Hall Reasons for Designation under Part IV Ancaster of the Ontario Heritage Act Joseph Clark House Glanbrook Webster’s Falls Bridge Flamborough Spera House Stoney Creek The Armoury Dundas Contents Introduction 1 Reasons for Designation Under Part IV of the 7 Ontario Heritage Act Former Town of Ancaster 8 Former Town of Dundas 21 Former Town of Flamborough 54 Former Township of Glanbrook 75 Former City of Hamilton (1975 – 2000) 76 Former City of Stoney Creek 155 The City of Hamilton (2001 – present) 172 Contact: Joseph Muller Cultural Heritage Planner Community Planning and Design Section 905-546-2424 ext. 1214 [email protected] Prepared By: David Cuming Natalie Korobaylo Fadi Masoud Joseph Muller June 2004 Hamilton’s Heritage Volume 5: Reasons for Designation Under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act Page 1 INTRODUCTION This Volume is a companion document to Volume 1: List of Designated Properties and Heritage Conservation Easements under the Ontario Heritage Act, first issued in August 2002 by the City of Hamilton. Volume 1 comprised a simple listing of heritage properties that had been designated by municipal by-law under Parts IV or V of the Ontario Heritage Act since 1975. Volume 1 noted that Part IV designating by-laws are accompanied by “Reasons for Designation” that are registered on title.
    [Show full text]
  • MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR December 17, 2020
    MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR December 17, 2020 NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS OF POSTMEDIA NETWORK CANADA CORP. TO BE HELD ON FEBRUARY 10, 2021 NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS POSTMEDIA NETWORK CANADA CORP. NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an annual general meeting of shareholders (“Meeting”) of Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (“Postmedia”) will be held at Postmedia Place, 365 Bloor Street East, 11th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M4W 3L4 on February 10, 2021, at 11:00 a.m. (Toronto time), for the following purposes: 1. to receive Postmedia’s consolidated financial statements, and the independent auditor’s report thereon, for the year ended August 31, 2020; 2. to re-appoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as Postmedia’s auditor for the year ending August 31, 2021 and to authorize the board of directors of Postmedia (“Board of Directors”) to fix the auditor’s remuneration; 3. to elect the directors of Postmedia for the coming year; and 4. to transact such other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment thereof. The specific details of the matters proposed to be put before the Meeting are set forth in the accompanying Management Information Circular. Shareholders who are unable to attend the Meeting are requested to complete, date, sign and return the enclosed form of proxy so that as large a representation as possible may be had at the Meeting. DUE TO PUBLIC HEALTH RESTRICTIONS ON MASS GATHERINGS RESULTING FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, AND IN ORDER TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF POSTMEDIA’S SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES AND GUESTS, POSTMEDIA STRONGLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS EXERCISE THEIR RIGHT TO VOTE BY PROXY PRIOR TO THE MEETING, THROUGH ANY OF THE METHODS DESCRIBED IN THE ACCOMPANYING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR, AND FOREGO ATTENDING THE MEETING.
    [Show full text]
  • Hamilton Devoted a \Veck to Holding in a Grand Carnival
    The City Hall. o/s.Orr the month of August, 1889, the City of Hamilton devoted a \veck to holding IN a Grand Carnival. an accidental By missing of a train at Niagara Falls for New York, a party of English gentlemen, who had been on a tour through Canada and the United States, were induced to take the run of fort}' miles from Niagara to Hamilton, to kill the time while awaiting the departure of the next train going East. So much struck were with the they city, its position, its beauty and resources, that what was intended to be a visit of a few hours became several weeks, and, on their arrival back in England, they wrote to the Secretary of the Hamilton Board of Trade, informing him of the circumstances above recorded, and added: "Of all the we had visited our the places during trip on American Continent, the prettiest, cleanest, healthiest, and best conducted was the City of Hamilton, Canada; and from our inspection of the vast and varied manufacturing industries, its one hundred and seventy factories, with its 14,000 artisans, the large capital invested, and the immense output annually, we concluded it was well named the Birmingham of Canada, and has undoubtedly a great and glorious future before it." The letter finished with the query? "If we saw it by the accidental missing of a train, why not do something to call the attention of the outside world, so that people can go to your City and see for themselves its advantages?" That letter has had much to do with the publishing of this Souvenir.
    [Show full text]
  • RE-LAW LLP 4949 Bathurst Street, Suite 206 Toronto, Ontario M2R 1Y1 T
    Aaron Rosenberg Email: [email protected] Direct Line: 416.789.4984 Fax: 416.429.2016 www.relawllp.ca Delivered by: E-mail File No.: 378.00018 July 28, 2020 Tyler Dawson, President Alberta Legislature Press Gallery Association [email protected] Katherine Kay Stikeman Elliott LLP 5300 Commerce Court West 199 Bay Street Toronto, Ontario M5L 1B9 [email protected] Dear Ms. Kay and Mr. Dawson: Re: Anti-Competitive Conduct by Postmedia Network Inc. (“Postmedia”) and the Alberta Legislature Press Gallery Association (“ALPGA”) I am writing on behalf of our clients, Sheila Gunn Reid, Keean Bexte, and Rebel News Network Ltd. (“Rebel News”). Please direct all future correspondence to the undersigned. We understand that our clients applied for membership with the ALPGA, and on July 27, 2020, as newly-elected president of the ALPGA, Mr. Dawson communicated its denial to Rebel News as follows (the “Denial”): Good morning, I have been elected as president of the Alberta Legislature Press Gallery Association as of our annual general meeting this morning. I'm writing to inform you that the gallery has voted to reject the applications of Sheila Gunn Reid and Keean Bexte of the Rebel News Network Ltd. for membership to the Alberta Legislature Press Gallery Association. Take care, Tyler Dawson — Tyler Dawson RE-LAW LLP 4949 Bathurst Street, Suite 206 Toronto, Ontario M2R 1Y1 T. 416.840.7316 Fax. 416.429.2016 2 Alberta correspondent National Post [email protected] The Denial was communicated without reasons — the only stated reason for this decision is that the ALPGA “voted to reject the applications”.
    [Show full text]
  • ALBERTA ENVIRONMENTAL APPEAL BOARD Decision
    Appeal Nos. 01-106 and 108-D ALBERTA ENVIRONMENTAL APPEAL BOARD Decision Date of Decision – June 15, 2002 IN THE MATTER OF sections 91, 92, and 95 of the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. E-12; -and- IN THE MATTER OF appeals filed by Mr. Andy Dzurny and Mr. William Procyk with respect to Amending Approval No. 9767-01-09 issued on October 26, 2001, by the Director, Northeast Boreal Region, Regional Services, Alberta Environment, to Shell Chemicals Canada Ltd. Cite as: Dzurny et al. v. Director, Northeast Boreal Region, Regional Services, Alberta Environment re: Shell Chemicals Canada Ltd. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Board received Notices of Appeal from Mr. Andy Dzurny and Mr. William Procyk with respect to an amending approval issued by Alberta Environment to Shell Chemicals Canada Ltd. with respect to the operation of the Scotford Chemical Plant in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. According to standard practice, the Board wrote to the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (AEUB) asking whether the matters included in these Notices of Appeal had been the subject of a review or hearing under the AEUB’s legislation. The AEUB advised the Board that it had held a hearing in relation to the Shell Scotford Chemical Plant. In response to this, the Board asked for submissions from Mr. Dzurny, Mr. Procyk, Shell Canada, and Alberta Environment as to whether the matters included in the Notices of Appeal had been the subject of a review or hearing under the AEUB’s legislation. Upon reviewing the documents provided by the AEUB and the submissions from the Parties to these appeals, the Board has concluded that the matters included in the Notices of Appeal were previously dealt with by the AEUB.
    [Show full text]
  • MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR December 19, 2019
    MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR December 19, 2019 NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS OF POSTMEDIA NETWORK CANADA CORP. TO BE HELD ON FEBRUARY 12, 2020 NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS POSTMEDIA NETWORK CANADA CORP. NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an annual general and special meeting of shareholders (“Meeting”) of Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (“Postmedia”) will be held at Postmedia Place, 365 Bloor Street East, 11th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M4W 3L4 on February 12, 2020, at 11:00 a.m. (Toronto time), for the following purposes: 1. to receive Postmedia’s consolidated financial statements, and the independent auditor’s report thereon, for the year ended August 31, 2019; 2. to re-appoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as Postmedia’s auditor for the year ending August 31, 2020 and to authorize the board of directors of Postmedia (“Board of Directors”) to fix the auditor’s remuneration; 3. to elect the directors of Postmedia for the coming year; 4. to approve an amendment to Postmedia’s Restricted Share Unit Plan to increase the number of authorized shares to be reserved for issuance under such plan; 5. to consider and, if deemed advisable, pass a resolution, reconfirming the Amended and Restated Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement dated January 11, 2018 between Postmedia and Computershare Investor Services Inc.; and 6. to transact such other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment thereof. The specific details of the matters proposed to be put before the Meeting are set forth in the accompanying Management Information Circular.
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper Topline Readership - Monday-Friday Vividata Summer 2018 Adults 18+
    Newspaper Topline Readership - Monday-Friday Vividata Summer 2018 Adults 18+ Average Weekday Audience 18+ (Mon - Fri) (000) Average Weekday Audience 18+ (Mon - Fri) (000) Title Footprint (1) Print (2) Digital (3) Footprint (1) Print (2) Digital (3) NATIONAL WINNIPEG CMA The Globe and Mail 2096 897 1544 The Winnipeg Sun 108 79 46 National Post 1412 581 1022 Winnipeg Free Press 224 179 94 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO QUÉBEC CITY CMA The Toronto Sun 664 481 317 Le Journal de Québec 237 170 100 Toronto Star 1627 921 957 Le Soleil 132 91 65 PROVINCE OF QUÉBEC HAMILTON CMA La Pressea - - 1201 The Hamilton Spectator 232 183 91 Le Devoir 312 149 214 LONDON CMA Le Journal de Montréal 1228 868 580 London Free Press 147 87 76 Le Journal de Québec 633 433 286 KITCHENER CMA Le Soleil 298 200 146 Waterloo Region Record 133 100 41 TORONTO CMA HALIFAX CMA Metro/StarMetro Toronto 628 570 133 Metro/StarMetro Halifax 146 116 54 National Post 386 174 288 The Chronicle Herald 122 82 61 The Globe and Mail 597 308 407 ST. CATHARINES/NIAGARA CMA The Toronto Sun 484 370 215 Niagara Falls Review 48 34 21* Toronto Star 1132 709 623 The Standard 65 39 37 MONTRÉAL CMA The Tribune 37 21 23 24 Heures 355 329 60 VICTORIA CMA La Pressea - - 655 Times Colonist 119 95 36 Le Devoir 185 101 115 WINDSOR CMA Le Journal de Montréal 688 482 339 The Windsor Star 148 89 83 Métro 393 359 106 SASKATOON CMA Montréal Gazette 166 119 75 The StarPhoenix 105 61 59 National Post 68 37 44 REGINA CMA The Globe and Mail 90 46 56 Leader Post 82 48 44 VANCOUVER CMA ST.JOHN'S CMA Metro/StarMetro Vancouver
    [Show full text]
  • International Press Clippings Report
    INTERNATIONAL PRESS CLIPPINGS REPORT July, 2020 OUTLET KEY MESSAGING MARKET DATE UMV CIRCULATION AD VALUE/ EAV (USD) Discover Puerto Rico prepares to attract El Nuevodia Colombia 01/07 375,000 tourists and the diaspora Top alfresco dining NI Travel News experiences from UK 01/07 202,042 526 around the world How to make a Pina Yahoo! Colada at home, UK 03/07 43,100,000 1,300 according to the hotel bar that invented it The best sports around the world where you can Tempus Magazine UK 03/07 12,493 1,200 now indulge in al fresco dining Puerto Rico plans to MSN reopen to travellers on UK 03/07 23,000,000 1,220 July 15 Puerto Rico travel restrictions: Island Travel Pule Canada 03/07 166,315 1,462 outlines plan to reopen tourism on July 15 OUTLET KEY MESSAGING MARKET DATE UMV CIRCULATION AD VALUE/ EAV (USD) Best golf courses to Affinity Magazine UK 10/07 25,000 1,040 enjoy around the world The best Caribbean islands reopening to UK Telegraph Online tourists - our expert’s UK 22/07 24,886,000 4,506 guide on where to stay during coronavirus Events: The Luxe List Luxe Bible UK 20/07 4,100 132 July 2020 Let’s celebrate the festive holidays at the Ottowa Sun Canada 24/07 175,000 1,462 halfway mark Let’s celebrate the festive holidays at the County Market Canada 24/07 500 180 halfway mark Let’s celebrate the festive holidays at the Sudbury Star Canada 24/07 75,000 655 halfway mark OUTLET KEY MESSAGING MARKET DATE UMV CIRCULATION AD VALUE/ EAV (USD) Let’s celebrate the festive holidays at the The delhi News Record Canada 24/07 500 180 halfway mark Let’s
    [Show full text]
  • Cargojet Inc. Annual Meeting of Shareholders to Be Held on April 12
    CARGOJET INC. ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON APRIL 12, 2018 CARGOJET INC. NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an annual meeting (the “Meeting”) of shareholders (the “Shareholders”) of Cargojet Inc. (the “Company”) will be held at the offices of Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, 21st Floor, Scotia Plaza, 40 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3C2 on Thursday, April 12, 2018 at 1:00 p.m. (Toronto time), for the following purposes: (a) to receive and consider the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2017 and the report of the auditors thereon; (b) to elect the directors of the Company; (c) to appoint the auditors of the Company and to authorize the directors of the Company to fix their remuneration; and (d) to transact such other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournments thereof. This notice is accompanied by a form of proxy, a management information circular, the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and management’s discussion and analysis for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2017. The board of directors of the Company has by resolution fixed the close of business on March 12, 2018 as the record date for the determination of Shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Meeting or any adjournments thereof. Shareholders who are unable to attend the Meeting are requested to complete, date, sign and return the enclosed form of proxy so that as large a representation as possible may be had at the Meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    A Changing Sense of Place in Canadian Daily Newspapers: 1894-2005 By Carrie Mersereau Buchanan A.B. Bryn Mawr College M.J. Carleton University, School of Journalism and Communication A thesis submitted to The Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Journalism and Communication Faculty of Public Affairs Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario December 2009 © Carrie Mersereau Buchanan 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Voire r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-67869-5 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-67869-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduce, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Nntemet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Results: Fall 2020 Study STUDY SCOPE – Fall 2020 10 Provinces / 5 Regions / 40 Markets • 32,738 Canadians Aged 14+ • 31,558 Canadians Aged 18+
    Overview of Results: Fall 2020 Study STUDY SCOPE – Fall 2020 10 Provinces / 5 Regions / 40 Markets • 32,738 Canadians aged 14+ • 31,558 Canadians aged 18+ # Market Smpl # Market Smpl # Market Smpl # Provinces 1 Toronto (MM) 3936 17 Regina (MM) 524 33 Sault Ste. Marie (LM) 211 1 Alberta 2 Montreal (MM) 3754 18 Sherbrooke (MM) 225 34 Charlottetown (LM) 231 2 British Columbia 3 Vancouver (MM) 3016 19 St. John's (MM) 312 35 North Bay (LM) 223 3 Manitoba 4 Calgary (MM) 902 20 Kingston (LM) 282 36 Cornwall (LM) 227 4 New Brunswick 5 Edmonton (MM) 874 21 Sudbury (LM) 276 37 Brandon (LM) 222 5 Newfoundland and Labrador 6 Ottawa/Gatineau (MM) 1134 22 Trois-Rivières (MM) 202 38 Timmins (LM) 200 6 Nova Scotia 7 Quebec City (MM) 552 23 Saguenay (MM) 217 39 Owen Sound (LM) 200 7 Ontario 8 Winnipeg (MM) 672 24 Brantford (LM) 282 40 Summerside (LM) 217 8 Prince Edward Island 9 Hamilton (MM) 503 25 Saint John (LM) 279 9 Quebec 10 Kitchener (MM) 465 26 Peterborough (LM) 280 10 Saskatchewan 11 London (MM) 384 27 Chatham (LM) 236 12 Halifax (MM) 457 28 Cape Breton (LM) 269 # Regions 13 St. Catharines/Niagara (MM) 601 29 Belleville (LM) 270 1 Atlantic 14 Victoria (MM) 533 30 Sarnia (LM) 225 2 British Columbia 15 Windsor (MM) 543 31 Prince George (LM) 213 3 Ontario 16 Saskatoon (MM) 511 32 Granby (LM) 219 4 Prairies 5 Quebec (MM) = Major Markets (LM) = Local Markets Source: Vividata Fall 2020 Study 2 Base: Respondents aged 18+.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Front Page of the Houston Post And
    ANALYSIS OF THE FRONT PAGE OF THE HOUSTON POST AND HOUSTON CHRONICLE BEFORE AND AFTER THE PURCHASE OF THE HOUSTON POST BY TORONTO SUN PUBLISHING CO. By C. FELICE FUQUA Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1983 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 1986 Tk&si~_, l '1 <3'(p F Q, ANALYSIS OF THE FRONT PAGE OF THE AND HOUSTON CHRONICLE BEFORE AND AFTER THE PURCHASE OF THE HOUSTON POST BY TORONTO SUN PUBLISHING CO. Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate Collegec 1251246 ii PREFACE This is a content analysis of the front page news content of the Houston Post and the Houston Chronicle before and after the Post was bought by Toronto Sun Publishing Co. The study sought to determine if the change in ownership of the Post affected the newspaper's content, and if the news content of the Chronicle also had been affected, producing competition between two traditionally noncompetitive newspapers. Many persons made significant contributions to this paper. I would like to express special thanks to my thesis adviser, Dr. Walter J. Ward, director of graduate studies in mass communication at Oklahoma State_ University. I also express my appreciation to the other members of the thesis committee: Dr. Wi~liam R. Steng, professor of journalism and broadcasting, and Dr. Marlan D. Nelson, direc­ tor of the School of Journalism and Broadcasting. I very much enjoyed working under Dr. Nelson as his graduate assis assistant.
    [Show full text]