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World Population Data Sheet, Produced by PRB Annually Since 1962, Is Both a Reference Document and an Educational Tool

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91 countries and territories In 24 sub-Saharan African have total fertility rates countries, >50% of married below replacement level women ages 15-49 with a (2.1), including Brazil, China, need for family planning are and the United States. not using modern methods. High-income countries have At 84%, South America has an infant mortality rate the highest regional percent of 5, whereas low-income of the population living in World Population countries have an infant urban areas. 2020 mortality rate of 50. Data Sheet The World Population Data Sheet, produced by PRB annually since 1962, is both a reference document and an educational tool. With two dozen CRITICAL POPULATION, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT indicators carefully researched, developed, and vetted by PRB demogra- phers and analysts for more than 200 countries and territories, it provides The life expectancy at birth By 2050, Angola, Benin, and a snapshot of the demographic trends reshaping our world today and for females in Southern Niger are expected to see previews what we can expect in the future. Europe and Western Europe their population increase is 84—highest of any region by 150% or more. in the world. BILLION 7.8 2.3 GLOBAL WORLD POPULATION TOTAL FERTILITY RATE At 3%, sub-Saharan Africa 38 countries and territories has the smallest share of the are projected to have a population ages 65+ than smaller population in 2050 any other region. than in 2020, including Armenia. TABLE OF CONTENTS Demographic Trends May Make Us Vulnerable to Pandemics 3 Data Table World 4 Africa Northern / Western 5 Eastern / Middle / Southern 7 Americas Northern / Central / Caribbean 9 South 11 Asia Western / Central 12 South / Southeast / East 14 Europe Northern / Western / Eastern 16 Southern 18 Oceania 19 Notes, Definitions, and Sources 21 Demographic Trends May Make Us Vulnerable to Pandemics Many factors contribute to our vulnerability to a pandemic, including population density in urban areas, household size, and population aging. Twenty-six countries and territories have ≥40% of their Average household size varies substantially populations living in cities of 1 million or more. They may around the world, with Western Africa URBANI- experience more difficulties curbing the spread of infectious HOUSEHOLD and Middle Africa having the largest ZATION diseases like COVID-19 because of the concentration of SIZE average household size at 5.1. Large people in large cities, often resulting in high population household size and multigenerational density. Many large cities in low- and middle-income countries also have living may influence people’s ability to limit exposure to informal settlements that are densely populated with limited access to safe the coronavirus at home. For example, older generations water and sanitation, making preventive measures such as hand washing, may be exposed to young, infected household members social distancing, and self-quarantine often impossible. who are not currently showing symptoms. Older populations are at high risk for AGING becoming seriously POPULATIONS ill with COVID-19. The share of the popula- tion ages 65+ is 20% or higher in 21 countries and territories. 1% 29% Country with 20+% of its Percent of population ages 65+ population ages 65+ No data 3 | 2020 World Population Data Sheet WORLD 1 of 2 Population Population (%) Family Planning Among (millions) mid-2020 Married Women Ages 15-49c Demand Population Births Deaths Rate of Net Infant Total Using Satisfied (millions) per 1,000 per 1,000 Natural Migration Mortality Fertility Using All Modern by Modern mid-2020 Population Population Increase (%) Rate mid-2035 mid-2050 Ratea Rateb Ages <15 Ages 65+ Methods (%) Methods (%) Methods (%)d WORLD 7,773 19 7 1.1 0 8,937 9,876 31 2.3 26 9 61 55 — MORE DEVELOPED 1,272 10 10 0.0 2 1,311 1,317 4 1.6 16 19 70 61 — LESS DEVELOPED 6,501 20 7 1.4 -0 7,626 8,559 34 2.5 28 7 60 54 — LESS DEVELOPED (Excluding China) 5,091 23 7 1.6 -0 6,193 7,184 37 2.8 31 6 53 47 65 LEAST DEVELOPED 1,062 33 7 2.6 -1 1,487 1,975 49 4.1 40 4 39 34 55 HIGH INCOME 1,219 10 9 0.1 3 1,286 1,309 5 1.6 16 18 70 63 — MIDDLE INCOME 5,805 18 7 1.1 -1 6,562 7,081 29 2.2 26 8 63 57 — UPPER MIDDLE INCOME 2,683 13 7 0.6 -0 2,831 2,837 11 1.8 20 11 77 71 — LOWER MIDDLE INCOME 3,122 23 7 1.6 -1 3,731 4,244 38 2.7 30 5 51 45 66 LOW INCOME 746 35 8 2.8 -1 1,085 1,482 50 4.6 42 3 35 30 51 2 of 2 Life Expectancy Ages 15+ With at Birth (Years) HIV/AIDS (%), 2018 Population Population GNI per Urban in Cities of Average per km2 of Capita, Population 1 Million+ Household Arable PPP, Total Males Females Males Females (%) (%) Sizee Land 2018f WORLD 73 70 75 — — 56 24 4.0 558 16,885 MORE DEVELOPED 79 77 82 — — 79 32 2.5 251 46,188 LESS DEVELOPED 71 69 73 — — 51 23 — 733 10,814 LESS DEVELOPED (Excluding China) 70 68 72 — — 48 20 4.5 662 9,434 LEAST DEVELOPED 65 63 67 1.4 2.2 34 13 5.0 577 2,923 HIGH INCOME 81 78 83 — — 82 38 2.5 362 50,752 MIDDLE INCOME 72 70 74 — — 53 23 — 630 11,537 UPPER MIDDLE INCOME 76 73 79 — — 67 30 — 519 16,809 LOWER MIDDLE INCOME 69 67 70 — — 41 17 4.6 772 6,887 LOW INCOME 64 62 66 1.6 2.7 33 12 5.1 553 2,330 4 | 2020 World Population Data Sheet AFRICA / NORTHERN / WESTERN 1 of 2 Population Population (%) Family Planning Among (millions) mid-2020 Married Women Ages 15-49c Demand Population Births Deaths Rate of Net Infant Total Using Satisfied (millions) per 1,000 per 1,000 Natural Migration Mortality Fertility Using All Modern by Modern mid-2020 Population Population Increase (%) Rate mid-2035 mid-2050 Ratea Rateb Ages <15 Ages 65+ Methods (%) Methods (%) Methods AFRICA 1,338 34 8 2.6 -1 1,897 2,560 49 4.4 41 3 36 32 53 Northern Africa 244 24 6 1.8 -1 306 367 23 3.0 33 5 51 46 67 Algeria 44.4 24 5 2.0 -0 53.4 61.4 21 3.0 30 6 57 50 77 Egypt 100.8 23 6 1.8 -0 128.6 157.8 15 2.9 34 5 59 57 80 Libya 6.9 24 4 2.0 -0 8.3 9.6 12 3.2 34 4 28 16 24 Morocco 36.0 17 5 1.2 -1 40.7 43.6 18 2.1 26 7 71 58 71 Sudan 43.8 32 7 2.5 -1 61.5 81.2 42 4.4 41 4 12 12 30 Tunisia 11.9 17 6 1.1 -2 12.5 12.7 14 2.1 25 8 51 44 63 Western Sahara 0.6 20 5 1.5 10 0.8 1.0 27 2.4 27 3 — — — Sub-Saharan Africa 1,094 36 9 2.7 -1 1,591 2,192 53 4.8 43 3 32 28 49 Western Africa 401 37 10 2.7 -1 587 818 61 5.2 44 3 19 16 38 Benin 12.2 42 9 3.3 0 19.8 30.6 55 5.7 46 2 16 12 26 Burkina Faso 20.9 38 8 3.0 -1 31.1 43.4 52 5.2 45 2 33 31 55 Cabo Verde 0.6 19 6 1.3 -2 0.6 0.7 16 2.2 28 5 61 57 73 Côte d'Ivoire 26.2 35 10 2.5 -0 37.5 50.9 58 4.6 42 3 23 20 40 Gambia 2.4 33 8 2.5 -1 3.5 4.5 41 4.4 44 3 17 16 38 Ghana 31.1 30 7 2.3 -0 42.9 56.5 37 3.9 37 3 31 25 — Guinea 12.6 38 10 2.8 -0 18.9 27.6 65 4.7 45 4 11 11 32 Guinea-Bissau 1.9 37 8 2.9 -4 2.8 4.0 55 4.8 44 3 16 14 38 Liberia 5.1 33 7 2.6 -1 7.1 9.3 63 4.2 41 3 25 24 41 Mali 20.3 46 10 3.6 -4 31.9 47.1 54 6.3 48 3 17 16 40 Mauritania 4.6 34 7 2.7 1 6.7 9.0 52 4.5 40 3 18 16 30 Niger 24.2 48 10 3.8 -1 41.5 66.3 69 7.1 51 3 11 11 45 Nigeria 206.1 37 12 2.5 -0 295.0 401.3 67 5.3 44 3 17 12 34 Senegal 16.7 34 6 2.8 -1 25.1 35.9 42 4.6 43 3 28 26 53 Sierra Leone 8.0 33 12 2.1 -1 10.9 14.2 75 4.2 41 3 21 21 45 Togo 8.3 35 8 2.7 -0 12.0 16.8 42 4.6 41 3 24 21 37 5 | 2020 World Population Data Sheet AFRICA / NORTHERN / WESTERN 2 of 2 Life Expectancy Ages 15+ With at Birth (Years) HIV/AIDS (%), 2018 Population Population GNI per Urban in Cities of Average per km2 of Capita, Population 1 Million+ Household Arable PPP, Total Males Females Males Females (%) (%) Sizee Land 2018f AFRICA 64 62 65 2.4 4.1 43 16 4.7 551 4,820 Northern Africa 74 72 75 0.1 <0.1 53 19 4.5 579 9,741 Algeria 78 77 78 <0.1 <0.1 73 6 — 594 11,370 Egypt 74 73 75 <0.1 <0.1 43 25 4.1 3,617 11,350 Libya 76 74 79 0.3 0.1 80 17 — 401 14,820 Morocco 76 75 78 0.1 <0.1 63 24 4.2 460 8,430 Sudan 65 63 67 0.3 0.2 36 13 5.9 221 4,430 Tunisia 76 75 78 <0.1 <0.1 69 20 3.9 456 10,630 Western Sahara 70 69 72 — — 87 0 — 14,925 — Sub-Saharan Africa 62 60 63 3.0 5.2 41 15 4.7 545 3,667 Western Africa 58 57 59 1.1 1.8 47 16 5.1 459 3,972 Benin 61 59 63 0.8 1.3 45 9 5.2 436 3,200 Burkina Faso 61 61 62 0.6 0.9 30 13 5.7 348 1,890 Cabo Verde 73 70 76 0.6 0.6 66 0 — 1,112 6,900 Côte d'Ivoire 58 57 59 1.7 3.5 51 20 5.1 748 3,660 Gambia 62 61 64 1.5 2.3 62 0 8.0 549 2,160 Ghana 64 63 65 1.1 2.3 57 19 3.8 661 5,220 Guinea 60 59 62 1.0 1.9 36 14 6.2 405 2,510 Guinea-Bissau 61 59 64 2.7 4.3 44 0 — 642 1,990 Liberia 64 63 66 1.0 1.6 52 30 5.2 1,012 1,330 Mali 61 59 63 1.0 1.8 43 13 5.8 316 2,280 Mauritania 65 63 66 0.3 0.2 55 27 4.0 1,163 3,770 Niger 59 58 60 0.3 0.3 16 5 5.9 137 870 Nigeria 55 54 56 1.3 1.8 51 17 4.7 606 5,040 Senegal 68 66 70 0.3 0.5 47 18 8.7 509 3,330 Sierra Leone 55 54 56 1.2 1.8 42 15 5.9 504 1,580 Togo 61 60 62 1.6 2.9 42 22 4.4 312 1,600 6 | 2020 World Population Data Sheet AFRICA / EASTERN / MIDDLE / SOUTHERN 1 of 2 Population Population (%) Family Planning Among (millions) mid-2020 Married Women Ages 15-49c Demand Population Births Deaths Rate of Net Infant Total Using Satisfied (millions) per 1,000 per 1,000 Natural Migration Mortality Fertility Using All Modern by Modern mid-2020 Population Population Increase (%) Rate mid-2035 mid-2050 Ratea Rateb Ages <15 Ages 65+ Methods (%) Methods (%) Methods (%)d Eastern Africa 445 35 7 2.8 -1 645 874 43 4.5 42 3 44 39 62 Burundi 11.9 37 6 3.1 -3 18.3 25.5 41 5.3 44 3 29 23 39 Comoros 0.9 32 7 2.5 -2 1.2 1.5 52 4.2 40 3 19 14 27 Djibouti 1.0 21 7 1.4 1 1.2 1.3 32 2.7 30 5 19 18 — Eritrea 3.5 30 7 2.3 -10 4.7 6.0 33 4.0 42 4 8 7 20 Ethiopia 114.9 33 6 2.7 0 161.0 208.6 39 4.3 40 3 40 38 62 Kenya 53.5 28 5 2.3 -0 71.9 89.7 35 3.5 39 3 63 61 79 Madagascar 27.7 37 6 3.1 -0
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    Science Education International 30(4), 310-318 https://doi.org/10.33828/sei.v30.i4.8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intercultural Competence and Skills in the Biology Teachers Training from the Research Procedure of Ethnobiology Geilsa Costa Santos Baptista*, Geane Machado Araujo 1Department of Education, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana City, Bahia State, Brazil, 2Department of Biology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana City, Bahia State, Brazil *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT We present and discuss the results of qualitative research based on a case study with biology undergraduate students from a public University of Bahia state, Brazil. The objective was to identify the influence of practical experiences involving ethnobiology applied to science teaching on intercultural dialogue into their initial training. To collect data, undergraduate students were asked to construct narratives revealing the influences of ethnobiology into their training as future teachers. Data were analyzed according to Bardin (1977) and supported by specific literature from the fields of science education and teaching. The thematic categories generated lead us to conclude that the undergraduates of biology teaching made reflections that allowed them to build opinions with meanings that should influence their pedagogical practices with intercultural dialogue. We recommend further studies involving ethnobiology and the training of biology teachers, with a larger sample of participants and the methodological and theoretical procedures of this science. Improvements could be made in biology teacher education curricula that encourage respect and consideration of cultural diversity. We highlight that it is imperative for teacher education courses to generate opportunities for on-site practical experience, in addition to the theory used in the classroom.
  • Human Population 2018 Lecture 8 Ecological Footprint

    Human Population 2018 Lecture 8 Ecological Footprint

    Human Population 2018 Lecture 8 Ecological footprint. The Daly criterea. Questions from the reading. pp. 87-107 Herman Daly “All my economists say, ‘on the one hand...on the other'. Give me a one- handed economist,” demanded a frustrated Harry S Truman. BOOKS Daly, Herman E. (1991) [1977]. Steady-State Economics (2nd. ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press. Daly, Herman E.; Cobb, John B., Jr (1994) [1989]. For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future (2nd. updated and expanded ed.). Boston: Beacon Press.. Received the Grawemeyer Award for ideas for improving World Order. Daly, Herman E. (1996). Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 9780807047095. Prugh, Thomas; Costanza, Robert; Daly, Herman E. (2000). The Local Politics of Global Sustainability. Washington, DC: Island Press. IS The Daly Criterea for sustainability • For a renewable resource, the sustainable rate to use can be no more than the rate of regeneration of its source. • For a non-renewable resource, the sustainable rate of use can be no greater than the rate at which a renewable resource, used sustainably, can be substituted for it. • For a pollutant, the sustainable rate of emmission can be no greater that the rate it can be recycled, absorbed or rendered harmless in its sink. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/ Ecosystem services Herbivore numbers control Carbon capture and Plant oxygen recycling and production soil replenishment Soil maintenance and processing Carbon and water storage system Do we need wild species? (negative) • We depend mostly on domesticated species for food (chickens...). • Food for domesticated species is itself from domesticated species (grains..) • Domesticated plants only need water, nutrients and light.