A Pocket Manual of North Carolina for the Use of Members Of

A POCKET MANUAL OF NORTH CAROLINA

FOR THE USE OF

MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

SESSION 1911

COMPILED AND EDITED BY

R. D. W. CONNOR

SECRETARY OF THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL COMMISSION

RALEIGH

E. M. UZZELL a CO.. STATE PRINTERS

1911 PREFACE.

This little volume is issued by the North Carolina Historical Com- mission in order to furnish to the members of the General Assembly of 1911, in convenient form, information about the State which otherwise would require much investigation in many different sources. Ir

is also hoped that it may prove of value and service to others who desire to have in succinct form such data about North Carolina. Similar Manuals, issued in 1903, 1905, and 1907 by the Secretary of

State, and in 1909 by the North Carolina Historical Commission, have proven of very general utility and interest. Requests for copies have come not only from all over North Carolina, but from most of the States of the Union, and The demand for them has been

so great that these editions have long been exhausted, and it is now extremely difficult to secure a copy. The Historical Commission trusts that the members of the General Assembly of 1911 will find this little volume of service to them in their work.

On CALENDAR, 1911. OFFICIAL REGISTER FOR 1911

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. William C. Newland President of the Senate Cald W. C. Dowd Speaker of House of Representatives. Mecklenburg. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

William W. Kitchin Governor on. J. Bryan Grimes Secretary of State I'itt • W. P. Wood Auditor ndolph. Benjamin R. Lacy Treasurer Wal James Y. Joyner Superintendent of Public Inst run inn Guilford. T. W. Bickett Attorney-General . Franklin. OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE STATE DEPARTMENTS. DEPARTMENT of the executive.

William W. Kitchin Governor Person. William C. Newland Lieutenant Governor Caldwell. Alexander J. Feild Private Secretary .Wake. Miss Annie Travis Executive Clerk Halifax. council of state.

Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Superintendent of Public Instruction. DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

J. Bryan Grimes Secretary of State Pill. George W. Norwood Grant Clerk Wake. William S. Wilson Corporation Clerk well. J. E. Sawyer Clerk Wal Miss Minnie Bagwell Stenographer Wake. Edmund B. Norvell Enrolling Clerk Cherokee. DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE AUDITOR.

W. P. Wood >. Auditor Randolph. Everard H.Baker Chief Clerk - Franklin. Baxter Durham Tax Clerk Wake. Mrs. Fannie W. Smith Pension Clerk and Stenograph! r Wake. department of the treasury. Benjamin R. Lacy Treasurer Wal W. F. Moody Chief Clerk Mecklenburg. A. H. Arrington Teller Nash. W. W. Newman Institution Clerk.. Wake. Miss Eva Warters Stenographer Lenoir. department of education.

James Y. Joyner Superintendent of Public Instruction I luilford. Allen J. Barwick Chief Clerk I enoir. Charles H. Mebane Clerk of Loan Fund Catawba

I Croa- T * -D„r„ T „ Supt. of Teacher-training and let nniv J. A. Bivins ' -, tan and Coiored Normal Schools. I

' : N. W. Walker State Inspector Public High Scl I L. C. Brogden State Supervisor Elementary School- w I. O. Schaub \genl for Agricultural I ^tension Miss Hattie Arrington Stenographer _ . Official Register, 1!)11.

t Board of Education.—Governor, President; Superintendent of Public In- struction, Secretary; Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Attorney-* ieneral.

Stall Board of Examiners.—James Y. Joyner, Chairman ex officio; Allen J. Bar- wick, Secretary; Franklin L. Stevens, N. W. Walker, John Graham, Zebglon Y. .Iudd. department of justice.

T. W. BiCKETT Attorney-General Franklin. George L. Jones Law Clerk Macon. Miss S a rah Burkhead Stenographer Columbus. CORPORATION COMMISSION. Fran klin McNeill Chairman New Hanover. Henry C. Brown Commissioner Wake. William T. Lee Commissioner Haywood.

A . .1 . Maxwell Chief Clerk Craven. Stedman Thompson Tax Clerk Wake. Kemp P. Douohtox State Bank Examiner Alleghany. C. V. Brown Assistant State Bank Examiner Edgecombe. J. S. Gun tin- Clerk Guilford. Miss E. G. Riddick Stenographer Gates. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND PRINTING.

M. I.. Shipman Commissioner Henderson. George B. Justk e Assistant Commissioner Mecklenburg.

M i ss Daisy Thompson Stenographer Wake. [. UZZELL & Co Edwards & Broughton VState| Printers \ Wake.

Printing Company ) STATE board of agriculture.

\\ . A. Graham Commissioner, ex officio Chairman Raleigh. II. ('. Carter First District Fairfield. K. W. Barnes Second District Lucama. William Dunn Third District New Bern. Ashley Horne Fourth District Clayton. R. W. Scott Fifth District Haw River. \. T. McCallum Sixth District Red Springs. .!. V. McRae Seventh District Laurinburg. William Bledsoe Eighth District Gale. W. J. Shuford Ninth District Hickory. A. Cannon Tenth District. Horse Shoe. officers and staff.

(1 . \V . A . raham l Commissioner

Elias Carr Secret ary . B. W. Kilgore State Chemist, Director Test Farms. Fra nklin Sherman, Jr Entomologist.

\Y. N . Hutt Horticulturist . 11. H. Brimley Naturalist and Curator. T. B. Parker Demonstration Work.

\Y. M . 'Allen Food Chemist .

\Y. G . Chrisman Veterinarian. Bronson Barlow Botanist. J. M. Pickel Assistant Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist .

G. M. MacNider Feed Chemist and Microscopist . L. L. Brinkley Assistant Chemist. S. C. Clapp Nursery and Orchard Inspector. S. B. Shaw . Assistant Horticulturist. Official Register, 1911.

O. M. Clark Second Assistant Borticultu Z. P. Metcalf Assistant Entomoloi J. A. Conover Dairyn J. L. Burgess G. M. Garren Assist an ' E. L. Worthen Soil [| J. Q. Jackson Assistant I W. A. Smith Assistant I

W. H. Strowd ..Assistant I E. W. Thornton v W. H. Eaton Assistant Dairyman. L. A. Higgins Second Assistant Dairyman. E. P. Wood Assistant Veterinat B. B. Flowe Second Assistant Veterinarian. F. S. Puckett Assistant to Director Test Farms. Miss O. I. Tillman Seed St Miss M. C. Ray Assistant Bo W. E. Hearn* Soil Survey.

R. W. Scott, Jr Supt. Edgecombe Test Farm Rocky Mount. F. T. Meacham Supt. Iredell Test Farm Statesville. John H. Jefferies Supt. Pender Test Farm Willard. and Buncombe R,d w^„™W.Collett j Supt. Transylvania '. c,...,annanoa.n „ nm ,., .-.-j Te St Farms. department of insurance.

James R. Young Commissioner Vance. S. W. Wade Deputy Carteret. S. F. Campbell Chief Clerk Ba R. B. Coit - Deputy and Actuary Wake. W. A. Scott Deputy ...Guilford. A. H Yerby License Clerk Wake. Miss Mary V. Marsh Bookkeeper Sa mpson . Miss Ida Montgomery Stenographer .Warren. historical commission.

J. Bryan Grimes Chairman K'", ke. W. J. Peele Commissioner Wa Thomas W. Blount Commissioner Wa M. C. S. Noble Commissioner D. H. Hill Commissioner « > R. D. W. Connor Secretary W. R. Edmonds Archivist oU"S . aKe. Mrs. W. S. Wilson Stenographer -« BOARD OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.

\ eral. Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, PUBLIC BUILDINi

C. C.Cherry Superintendent STATE LIBRARY.

Sherrill Librarian .... 1 ' Miles O. u'li';!wane. Miss Carrie E. Broughton ..Assistant Librarian..

of Agriculture Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, Unit.,! State Departmenl 8 Official Register, 1911.

TRUSTEES OF STATE LIBRARY.

t ,o\ emor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State. PURCHASING COMMITTEE.

Miles i >. Shekbill, R. D. W. Connor, Walter Clark. .1 LME8 Y. JOYNER, DANIEL H. HlLL. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT.

w m.im; Clabk .Chief Justice Raleigh Wake. Platt D. Walker .Associate Justice Charlotte Mecklenburg. George ll. Brown .-Associate Justice Washington Beaufort. William \. 11<>ke Associate Justice Lincolnton Lincoln. Justice Goldsboro \\ . i;. Vllen. .. .Associate Wayne.

OFFICIALS OF THE SUPREME COURT.

Thom \s S. Kenan . . .Clerk Raleigh Wake. .1. L. Seawell Office Clerk Raleigh Wake. Robert II. Bradley. Marshal and Librarian Raleigh Wake. Robert C. Strong _ .Reporter Raleigh Wake. JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOR COURTS.

< Ieorge W. Ward Elizabeth City Pasquotank. Robert B. Peebles Jackson Northampton .

11. \\ . \\ hedbee Greenville Pitt.

(ha rles M. Cooke Louisburg Franklin . Oliveh II. Allen Kinston . Lenoir. Frank A. Daniels Goldsboro Wayne. Chatham Calhoun Lyon Elizabethtown Bladen.

\\ . .1. Adams Carthage Moore. J. Crawford Biggs Durham Durham. I'.i \.i\mi\ F. Long Statesville Iredell. Henry P. Lane Reidsville Rockingham. James L. Webb Shelby Cleveland. Edward B. Cline Hickory Catawba. M. II. Justice Rutherfordton Rutherford. I. S. Adams Asheville Buncombe. GarlandS. Ferguson- Waynesville Haywood.

SOLICITORS.

J. C. B. Ehringhaus Elizabeth City Pasquotank. John H. Kerr Warrenton Warren.

C. L . Abernethy Beaufort . Carteret. R. G. Allsbrook Tarboro Edgecombe.

Henry E . Shaw Kinston Lenoir. Herbert E. N orris Raleigh Wake. N. A. Sinclair Fayetteville Cumberland. A. M. Stack Monroe Union.

S. M . ( ; attis Hillsboro. Orange. W. C. Hammer Ashboro Randolph. S. P. Graves Mount Airy Surry. G. W. Wilson. Gastonia Gaston. John W. Ragland Bakersville Mitchell. A. H. Johnston Marion McDowell. R. R. Reynolds Asheville Buncombe. F. E. Alley Webster ' Jackson. Official Register, I'M l .

SALARIES OF THE ST ATI': OFFICES Governor Secretary of State State Auditor State Treasurer Superintendent of Public Instruction ...... Attorney-General - - - :; Insurance Commissioner Corporation Commissioners — 3,000 Commissioner of Agriculture Commissioner of Labor and Printing 2,000 SALARIES OF THE JUDGES.

Judges of the Supreme Court Judges of the Superior Court 3,250 SENATE.

OFFICERS.

W. C. Newlakd President Caldwell. H. N. Phark President pro tern Mecklenburg. R. O. Self Principal Clerk Jackson. Mask Squires Reading Clerk Caldwell. W. E. Hooks Engrossing Clerk Wayne.

R. M. Staley Sergeant-at-Arms . ..." Wilkes. W. G. Hali Asst. Sergeant-at-Arms Cumberland.

SENATORS.

—1). First District C. Barnes (D.), Murireesboro : .(esse P. Wil- liams (D.), Shiloh. Second District —Van B. Martin (D.). Plymouth; Dr. Robert N. Cartwrigbt (D.), Fairfield. Third District—A. S. Rascoe (D.). Windsor. Fourth District—A. P. Kltchin (D.), Scotland Neck. Fifth District— ~L. V. Bassett (D.), Rocky .Mount. Sixth District—Robert R. Cotten (D.), Bruce. Seventh District—T. T. Thorne (D.), Rocky Mount; Ben T. Bo! den (D.), Louisburg. Eighth District—Ernest M. Green (D.), New Bern; M. Leslie Davis (D.), Beaufort. Ninth District—J. Langhorn Barbam (D.), ColiNln.ro. Tenth District—R. D. Jolmson (D.), Warsaw. Eleventh District—George H. Bellamy (D.), Town (reek. Twelfth District—Joseph A. Brown (D.), Chadbourn. Thirteenth District—W. S. Cobb (D.), Lumber Bridge. Fourteenth District—John W. McLauchlin (D.), Raeford. Fifteenth District—O. A. Barber (D.'i. Benson; J. R. Baggetl (D.), Lillington. Sixteenth District—E. W. Sikes (D.). Wake Forest. Seventeenth District—M. J. Hawkins (D.t. Ridgeway. Eighteenth District—Archibald A. Hicks (D.), Oxford. 12 Senators ami Senatorial Districts.

Nineteenth District John VV. Graham (D.), Hillsboro ; Dr. J. A. Hurdle (D.), Milton. Twentieth District — Allan D. Ivie (D.), Leaksville. Twenty-first District V. P. Hobgood, Jr. (D.), Greensboro. Twenty-second District—D. A. McDonald (D.), Carthage; II. M. London (D.), Pittsboro. Twenty-third District Charles A. Armstrong (D.), Troy.

Twenty-fourth District I >. N. Bennett (D.). Norwood; R. W. Lemmond (D.), Monroe. Twenty-fifth District— L. T. Hartsell (D.), Concord; II. N. Pharr (D.). Charlotte. Twenty-sixth District— A. II. Boyden (D.), Salisbury. Twenty-seventh District— II. R. Starbuck (R.), Winston-Salem. Twenty-eighth District—R. L. Ilaymore (R.), Mount Airy. Ticenty-ninth District—Joel C. Pinnix (R.). Marler. Thirtieth District—Zeb V. Long (D.), Statesville. Thirty-first District—John— F. Reinbardt (D), Stanley. R.F.D. Thirty-second District John G. Carpenter ( D. ). Dallas. Thirty-third District—O. Max Gardner (D.). Shelby: James C. Fisher (D.), Tryon. Thirty-fourth District—Pinckney II. Masbburn (R.). Marion; Thomas L. Sigmon (D.), Connelly Springs. Thirty-fifth District—John M. Wagoner (R.). Sparta. Thirty-sixth District—James L. Hyatt (R.), Burnsville. Thirty-seventh District—Julius C. Martin (D.). Asbeville. Thirty-eighth District—Thomas A. Coxe (D.). Cullowhee. Thirty-ninth District—O.L.Anderson (R.), TIayesville.

SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.

First District—Camden, Chowan, Currituck, Gates, Hertford, Pas- quotank and Perquimans shall elect two Senators. Second District —Beaufort, Dare. Hyde. Martin. Pamlico, Tyrrell and Washington shall elect two Senators. Third District—Bertie and Northampton shall elect one Senator. Fourth District—Halifax shall elect one Senator. Fifth District Edgecombe shall elect one Senator. Sixth District —Pitt shall elect one Senator. Senatorial Districts. 13

Seventh District—Franklin, Nash and Wilson shall elect two Sena- tors. Eighth District—Carteret, Craven, Greene. Jones; Lenoir and Ons low shall elect two Senators. Ninth District—Wayne shall elect one Senator. Tenth District—Duplin and Pender shall eled one Senator. Eleventh District—Brunswick and New Hanover shall elect one Senator. Twelfth District—Bladen and Columbus shall eled one Senator. Thirteenth District—Robeson shall elect one Senator. Fourteenth District—Cumberland shall elect one Senator. Fifteenth District—Harnett, Johnston and Sampson shall eled two Senators. Sixteenth District—Wake shall elect one Senator. Seventeenth District—Vance and Warren shall elect one Senator. Eighteenth District—Granville and Person shall eleel one Senator. Nineteenth District—Alamance, Caswell, Durham and Orange shall elect two Senators. Twentieth District—Rockingham shall elect one Senator. Twenty-first District—Guilford shall elect one Senator. Twenty-second, District—Chatham, Moore. Richmond and Scotland shall elect two Senators. Twenty-third District—Montgomery and Randolph shall elect one Senator. Twenty- fourth District—Anson, Davidson, Stanly and Union shall elect two Senators. Twenty-fifth District—Cabarrus and Mecklenburg shall elect two Senators. Twenty-sixth District—Rowan shall elect one Senator. Twenty-seventh District—Forsyth shall elect one Senator. Twenty-eighth District— Stokes and Surry shall elect one Senator. Twenty-ninth District—Davie, Wilkes and Yadkin shall elect one Senator. Thirtieth District—Iredell shall elect one Senator. eled one Senator. Thirty-first District—Catawba and Lincoln shall Thirty-second District—Gaston shall elect one Senator. and Rutherford Thirty-third District—Cleveland, Henderson, Polk shall elect two Senators. 1 1 Senate Rules.

Thirty-fourth District- Alexander, Burke, Caldwell and McDowell shall elect two Senators. Thirty-fifth District—Alleghany, Ashe and Watauga shall elect one Senator. Thirty-sixth District—Madison, Mitchell and Yancey shall elect one Senator. Thirty-seventh District—Buncombe shall elect one Senator. Thirty-eighth District—Haywood, Jackson, Swain and Transyl- vania shall elect one Senator. Thirty-wmth District —Cherokee, Clay, Graham and Macon shall elect one Senator.

SENATE RULES.

ORDER OF BUSINESS.

1. The President having taken the chair at the hour to which the Senate shall have adjourned, and a quorum being present, the Journal of the preceding day shall be read, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate, to the end That any mistake may be corrected. 2. After reading and approval of the Journal, the order of business shall be as follows : (1) Reports of Standing Committees. (2) Reports of Select Committees. (3) Announcement of Petitions, Bills and Resolutions. (4) Unfinished Business of preceding day. (5) Special Orders.

<•'>) General Orders: First, bills and resolutions on third reading; second, bills and resolutions on second reading; but messages from the Governor and House of Representatives, and communications and reports from State officers, and reports from the Committees on En- grossed Bills and Enrolled Bills may be received and acted on under any order of business.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT.

3. He shall take the chair promptly at the appointed time and proceed with the business of the Senate according to the rules adopted. At any time during the absence of the President, the President pro tempore, who shall be elected, shall preside, and he is hereby vested. Senate Rules. \r, during such time, with all powers of the President, except thai of giving a casting vote in case of a tie, when he shall have voted as a Senator.

4. He shall assign to Doorkeepers their respective duties and sta tions, and shall appoint nine pages, twelve white laborers and two colored laborers, each of whom shall receive the same compensation as is now provided by law.

OF THE CXEBK.

5. The President and Clerk of the Senate shall see that all I .ills shall be acted upon by the Senate in the order in which they stand upon the Calendar, unless otherwise ordered, as hereinafter provided. The Calendar shall include the numbers aud titles of bills and joint resolutions which have passed the House of Representatives am] have been received by the Senate for concurrence. 6. The Clerk shall certify the passage of bills by the Senate, with the date thereof, together with the fact whether passed by a vote of three-fifths or two-thirds of the Senate, whenever such vote may be required by the Constitution and laws of the state.

ON THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SENATORS.

7. Every Senator presenting a paper shall endorse the same: if a petition, memorial, or report to the General Assembly, with a brief statement of its subject or contents, adding his mime: it' a resolution, with his name; if a report of a committee, a statement of such report, with the name of the committee and member making the same: if a bill, a statement of its title, which shall contain a brief statement nf the subject or contents of the bill, with his name: and all hills, reso lutions, petitions and memorials shall he delivered to the Clerk and by him handed to the President, to be by him referred, and lie shall announce the titles and references of the same, which shall ! n tered on the Journal. 8. All motions shall be reduced to writing, if desired by the Presl dent or any Senator, delivered at the table and read by the President or Clerk, before the same shall be debated; but any such motion maj be withdrawn by the introducer at any time before decision or amendment.

ii -hall he 9. If any question contains several distincl propositions, divided by the President, at the requesl nf any Senator: Provided. " ; Senate Rules.

each subdivision, if left to itself, shall form a substantive proposition. LO. When the President is putting a question, or a division by counting shall be had, no Senator shall walk out of or across the bouse, nor, when a Senator is speaking, pass between him and the President. 11. Senator to Every wishing speak or debate, or to present a petition or other paper, or to make a motion or report, shall rise from his seat and address the President, and shall not proceed further until recognized by him. No Senator shall speak or debate more than twice nor longer than thirty minutes on the same day on the same subject without leave of the Senate, and when two or more Senators rise at once the President shall name the Senator who is first to speak. 12. Every Senator who shall be within the bar of the Senate when the question is stated by the Chair shall vote thereon, unless he shall be excused by the Senate, or unless he be directly interested in the question; and the bar of the Senate shall include the entire Senate Chamber. 13. When a motion to adjourn, or for recess, shall be affirmatively determined, no member or officer shall leave his place till adjournment or recess shall be declared by the President.

STANDING COMMITTEES.

14. The following-named committees shall be appointed by the Lieu- tenant Governor : On Agriculture. On Appropriations. On Banks and Currency. On Claims. On Commerce. On Congressional Apportionment. On Constitutional Amendment. On Corporation Commission. On Corporations. On Counties, Cities and Towns. On Distribution of Governor's Message. On Education. On Election Law. On Engrossed Bills. On Federal Relations. Senate Rules. 17

On Finance. On Fish and Fisheries. On Game Law. On Immigration. On Insane Asylums. On Institution for the Blind. On Institution for the Deaf. On Insurance. On Internal Improvements. On Journal. On Judicial Districts. On Judiciary. On Manufacturing. On Military Affairs. On Mining. On Penal Institutions. On Pensions and Soldiers' Home. On Penal Institutions. On Propositions and Grievances. On Public Health. On Public Roads. On Railroads. On Revisal. On Rules. On Salaries and Fees. On Senate Expenditures. On Shellfish. JOINT COMMITTEES.

15. On Enrolled Bills. On Justices of the Peace. On Library. On Printing. On Public Buildings and Grounds. On Trustees of University.

16. The Committee on Engrossed Bills shall examine all bills,

r amendments and resolutions before they t, <> oul of the possepslou of the Senate, and make a report when they find them correctly LS Senate Rules. grossed: Provided, thai when a bill is typewritten, and has no inter- lineations therein, and has passed the Senate without amendment, it shall be sent to the House without engrossment, unless otherwise ordered. 17. The Committee on Appropriations shall carefully examine all bills and resolutions appropriating or paying any moneys out of the State Treasury, keep an accurate record of the same and report to the Senate from time to time. IS. Every report of the committee upon a bill or resolution which shall not be considered at the time of making the same, or laid on the table by a vote of the Senate, shall stand upon the General Orders with the bill or resolution; and the report of the committee shall show that a majority of the committee were present and voted: Provided, that the chairman and five members of the Judiciary Com- mittee and also of the Finance Committee shall constitute a quorum. 10. That no committee shall be composed of more than nine members, unless the Lieutenant Governor shall, without objection from the Senate, appoint a greater number on any committee. ON GENERAL ORDERS AND SPECIAL ORDERS.

20. Any bill or other matter may be made a Special Order for a particular day or hour by a vote of the majority of the Senators voting, and if it shall not be completed on that day it shall be returned to its place on the Calendar, unless it shall be made a Special Order lor another day; and when a Special Order is under consideration it shall take precedence of any Special Order or a subsequent order for the day. but such subsequent order may be taken up immediately after the previous Special Order has been disposed of. 21. Every bill shall receive three readings previous to its being passed, and the President shall give notice at each whether it be the first, second, or third. After the first reading, unless a motion shall be made by some Senator, it shall be the duty of the President to refer the subject-matter to an appropriate committee. No bill shall be amended until it shall have been twice read.

PROCEEDINGS WHEN THERE IS NOT A QUORUM VOTING.

22. If, on taking the question on a bill, it shall appear that a constitutional quorum is not present, or if the bill require a vote of a certain proportion of all the Senators to pass it, and it appear that Senate Rules. , i : such a number is not present, the bill shall be again read and the taken question thereon; if the bill fail a second time for the nam of the necessary number being present and voting, the bill shall uol be but shall be returned finally lost, to the Calendar in its proper order. PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS.

23. When a question is before the Senate, no motion shall be re ceived those herein except specified, which motions shall have pr< deuce as follows, viz. : (1) For an adjournment. (2) To lay on the table. (3) For the previous question. (4) To postpone indefinitely. (5) To postpone to a certain day. (6) To commit to a standing committee. (7) To commit to a select committee. (S) To amend. (9) To substitute.

24. The previous question shall be as follows: "Shall the main question be put?" and, until it is decided, shall preclude all amend ments and debate. If this question shall be decided in the affirmative, the "main question" shall be on the passage of the bill, resolution or other matter under consideration; but when amendments arc pend ing, the question shall be taken up on such amendments, in their order, without further debate or amendment. However, any Senator may move the previous question and may restrict the same to an amend ment or other matter then under discussion. If such question be de cided in the negative, the main question shall be considered as re maining under debate. 25. When the motion for the previous question is made, and pending the second thereto by a majority, debate shall cease, and only a motion to adjourn or lay on the table shall be in order, which motions shall be put as follows: Previous question; adjourn: lay ou the table. After a motion for the previous question is made, pending a second thereto, any member may give notice thai be desires to offer an amendment to the bill or other matter under consideration; and after the previous question is seconded, such member shall be entitled to offer his amendment in pursuance of such notice. 20 Senate Rules.

debate. otheb q1 i stions to be taken without be decided 26. The motions to adjourn and lay on the table shall be in order without debate, and the motion to adjourn shall always when made by a Senator entitled to the floor. certain or to com- 27. The respective motions to postpone to a day. mit, shall preclude debate on the main questions. shall be decided 28. All questions relating to priority of business without debate. and 29. "When tbe reading of a paper is called for, except petitions, the the same is objected to by any Senator, it shall be determined by Senate withoul debate. make, 30. Any Sena lor requesting to be excused from voting may either immediately before or after the vote shall have been called. and before the result shall have been announced, a brief statement of the reasons for making such request, aud the question shall then he taken without debate. Any Senator may explain his vote on any before the vote 1,111 pending by obtaining permission of the President minutes shall be con- is put: J'njriiJcd. that not more than three sumed in such explanation. QUESTIONS THAT REQUIRE A TWO-THIRDS VOTE. acted on out .",1. No bill or resolution on its third reading shall be of the regular order in which it stands on the Calendar, and no bill or resolution shall be acted upon on its third reading the same day two-thirds on which it passed its second reading, unless so ordered by of the Senators present. on the :',:!. No bill or resolution shall he sent from the Senate day of irs passage, except on the last day of the session, unless otherwise ordered by a vote of two-thirds of the Senators present. 33. No hill or resolution, after being laid upon the table upon motion, shall be taken therefrom except by a vote of two-thirds of the Senators present. DECOR I'M IN DEBATE.

34. Xo remark reflecting personally upon the action of any Senator shall be in order in debate, unless preceded by a motion or resolution of censure. 35. When a Senator shall be called to order he shall take his seat until the President shall have determined whether he was in order or not: if decided to he out of order, he shall not proceed without the permission of the Senate, and every question of order shall be decided Senate Rules. 21

by the President, subject to an appeal to the Senate by any Senator; if is called and a Senator to order for words spoken, the words i cepted to shall be immediately taken down in writing, thai the Pn dent or Senate may be better enabled to judge of the matter.

MISCELLANEOUS RULES.

36. When a blank is to be filled, and differenl sums or times shall be proposed, the question shall be lirsl taken on the highest sum or the longest time.

37.. When a question has been once put and decided, ii shall be in order for any Senator who shall have voted in the majority in up a reconsideration thereof; but no motion for the reconsideration of any vote shall be in order after the bill, resolution, message, report, amendment or motion upon which the vote was taken shall have gone out of the possession of the Senate; nor shall any motion for reconsideration be in order unless made on the same day. or the next following legislative day, on which the vote proposed to he reconsidered shall have taken place, unless the same shall be made by the Commit- tee on Enrolled Bills for verbal or grammatical errors in the hills. when the same may be made at any time. Nor shall any question he reconsidered more than once. 38. All bills and resolutions shall take their place upon the Calendar accoi-ding to their number, and shall be taken up in regular order, unless otherwise ordered. 39. No smoking shall be allowed within the Senate Chamber during the sessions. 40. Senators and visitors shall uncover their heads upon entering the Senate Chamber while the Senate is in session, and shall eun tinue uncovered during their continuance in the Chamber. 41. No Senator or officer of the Senate shall depart the servii for the Senate without leave, or receive pay as a Senator or officer the time he is absent without leave. the 42. No person other than the executive and judicial officers of House of State, members and officers of the Senate and Represeuta or a vote of the Senate, fives, unless on invitation of the President by shall be permitted within the bar. resc 43. No rule of the Semite shall lie altered, suspended or

: and mo without a vote of a majority of all the Senators elected no j ' to tion to suspend shall embrace more than one nil relate other subject than the one specified in said motion. 22 Senate Rules.

44. in case a less number than a quorum of the Senate shall convene, they are authorized to send the Doorkeeper, or any other person, for any or all absent Senators, as a majority of the Senators present shall determine. 15. The yens and nays upon any question shall be taken and entered upon the Journal upon demand of one-fifth of the Senators present.

4('». When any Committee shall decide that it is advisable to employ a clerk for such Committee, the Chairman of the Committee shall first obtain the consent of the Senate for such employment, and if the Senate shall allow the Clerk as requested, he shall be appointed by the Lieutenant Governor upon the recommendation of the

< mnmittee.

47. Every bill introduced into the Senate shall be printed or typewritten. Amendments need not be typewritten. 48. The Clerk of the Senate shall provide a box of sufficient size, with an opening through the top, for the reception of bills. Such box shall be kept under lock and key and shall be stationed on the Clerk's desk. The President of the Senate shall have in his charge and keeping the key to such box. All bills which are to be introduced into the Senate shall be deposited in such box before the session begins. At the proper time the President shall open the box and take therefrom the hills. Such bills shall be read by their titles, which reading shall constitute the first reading of the bill, and unless otherwise disposed of shall be referred to the proper Committee. A bill may be introduced by unanimous consent at any other time during a session. 49. The Chief Engrossing Clerk of the Senate shall appoint, with the approval of the President of the Senate, as his assistants, not more than three competent stenographers and typewriters. Such stenographers and typewriters shall work under the direction and supervision of the Engrossing Clerk. They shall also make for the of member the General Assembly who introduces a bill, without extra cost, one original and two carbon copies of all bills. 50. The Journal of the Senate shall be typewritten in duplicate, original and carbon, the original to be deposited in the office of Secre- tary of State as the record, and the other (carbon) copy to be delivered to the State Printer. 51. That in case of adjournment without any hour being named, the Senate shall reconvene the next legislative day at 11 o'clock A. M. ( Senate !om m itti i s.

SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES. — Agriculture Cobb, chairman; Reinhardt, Rascoe, Brown, Cotten, Bellamy, McLaucblin, Hawkins, McDowell, Bennett, [vie, Williai Coxe, Hyatt, Haymore.

Appropriations—Long, chairman; Bassett, Man in of Washington, Reinhardt, Hobgood, Gardner, Sigmon, Cotten, Lemmond, Hawkins, Coxe, Ivie, Sikes. Barber. Hartsell, Thorne, Carpenter, Mashburn, Hyatt.

Banks and Currency—Rascoe, chairman: McLauchlin, Boyden, Green, Hawkins, Reinhardt, Thorne, Johnson, Baggett, Cartwright, McDonald, Bennett, Barham. Anderson, Starbuck.

Claims—Baggett, chairman; Barnes, Kitchin, Davis. Long, 1'innix.

Commerce—Fisher, chairman; Brown. Bellamy, Cartwright, Green, Williams.

Congressional Apportionment—Kitchin, chairman; Martin of Wash ington, Green, Sikes, Graham, Cobb, Ivie, Hartsell Gardner, .Marl in of Buncombe, Bellamy, London, Lemmond, Mashburn, Wagoner.

Constitutional Amendments—Barnes, chairman; Martin of Bun- combe, Graham, Pharr, Bassett, Carpenter. London, Lemmond, Star buck, Wagoner, Sikes.

Corporation Commission—Thorne, chairman; Holden, Johnson, Hicks, Hurdle, Sigmon, Fisher, Reinhardt. Coxe, McDonald, Hyatt, Boyden.

Corporations—Bellamy, chairman; Rascoe, Barber, [vie, Boyden, Brown, Carpenter, Hurdle. Bennett, Ci, Hicks, Long, Anderson, Starbuck.

Counties, Cities and Towns—Martin of Buncombe, chairman; \!< Donald, Bassett, Johnson, Pharr, Sigmon, Armstrong, Boyden, Ras- An coe, Gardner, Carpenter, Thorne, Hawkins. Kitchin, Mashburn, derson, Hyatt.

Distribution of Governor's Message—Hartsell, chairman; Sikes, Barber, Coxe, Haymore. 24 Si NATE < !OMM [TTEES.

Education—Barhani, chairman; Sikes, Martin of Buncombe, [vie, Williams. Hobgood, Barber, Cotten, Baggett, Bellamy, Long, Sig- Mash- iiioii. Armstrong, Hicks. Holden, Barnes, Starbuck, Pinnix, burn, Hyatt. Coxe. Election Lowe—London, chairman: Pharr, Graham. Holden, Hicks, Thome, Kitchin, Barnes, Barham, Brown. Hobgood, Haymore.

Engrossed Bills—Johnson, chairman: Cartwright, Barham. Cobb, Starbuck.

Federal Relations—Carpenter, chairman: Long, Hicks. Armstrong. Wagoner. Finance—Brown, chairman; Thorne, Bernhardt, Rascoe, Hartsell, Bassett, Cotten, Hawkins, Cobb, Boydeu. Pharr. Bellamy, McDonald. Bennett, Starbuck, Hyatt, Hicks, Sikes.

Fislx and Fisheries—Martin of Washington, chairman; Davis, Wil- liams. Holden. Green, Cartwright. Rascoe, McLauchlin, Hurdle, Hart- sell, Pinnix. Barnes, Williams.

Game Law—Hartsell, chairman; Hobgood, Lemmond, Rascoe. Lon- don, Martin of Washington, Sigmou, Coxe, Boyden, Wagoner, Barnes, Williams.

Immigration —Armstrong, chairman: Brown, Cobb, Fisher. Haw- kins, Hurdle. Haymore.

Insane Asylums—Sikes, chairman; Martin of Washington, Barnes. Barham. Reinhardt, Baggett. Cotten. Davis. Fisher. McLauchlin. Kitchin, Johnson. Mashburn, Hyatt.

Institution for the Blind—Holden, chairman: Sikes, Thorne. Pharr. London. Lemmond. Bennett, Barber, Baggett, Barnes. Armstrong. Rascoe, Pinnix, Reinhardt.

Institution for the Deaf—Hicks, chairman: Holden, Hurdle, Hob- good, Kitchin. Rascoe, Long, Bellamy, Cartwright, Carpenter, Davis. Green, Gardner, Sigmon, Mashburn.

Insurance—Pharr, chairman: Bassett, Cotten. Gardner, Hawkins. McLauchlin, Thorne. Hobgood. Coxe, Starbuck. Pinnix, Holden. Senate Committees.

Internal Improvements—Coxe, chairman; [vie, Johnson, S Williams, Barham, Barber, Pinnix, Lemmond.

Journal—Hawkins, chairman; Cobb, Davis, Fisher, Anderson.

Judicial Districts— Hobgood, chairman; Barnes, Martin of Wash- ington, Pharr, Hartsell, Gardner, Davis. Long, Williams, Holden, London, Lemmond.

Judiciary—Graham, chairman; Pharr. Thorne, Barnes, Barham, Bassett, Martin of Buncombe, Green. Gardner, Holden, Kitchin. Hob- good, Long, Ivie, Hicks, Hartsell, Martin of Washington, Starbuck.

Legislative Apportionment—Thorne, chairman; Hicks. Bassett, Boy- den, Pharr, Hartsell, Davis, I vie. Marl in of Buncombe, Long, Brown, Barber. Coxe, Rascoe, Sigmon, Pinnix. Mashburn, McDonald.

Manufacturing—Bernhardt, chairman; Rascoe, Hawkins. McDon aid, Armstrong, Ivie, Baggett.

Military Affairs— Gardner, chairman; Green, Hicks, Hobgood, Long, Boyden, Davis.

Mining—Lemmond, chairman; Armstrong, Barber, Boyden, Fisher. Sigmom Coxe. — Penal I nst it a tin us Gotten, chairman ; Baggett, Bennett. Cobb, Gm ham. Hurdle. Hartsell, Johnson, Lemmond, London, McLauchlin, Mc Donald, Cartwright.

Pensions and Soldiers' Home— Boyden, chairman; Reiubardt, Sikes, Graham. Gotten. Bennett. Haymore, McLauchlin, Thorne.

Privileges and Elections—Hurdle, chairman; Kitchin, l.enini I. Martin of Buncombe, Hartsell. Bellamy. Baggett, Fisher, Hyatt.

Proposition* and Grievances .McLauchlin. chairman; McDonald. Barham, Gotten, Cobb, Bellamy, Carpenter, Man in <>( Buncombe, Williams, Wagoner.

Public Health-^Cartwright, chairman; Davis. Hawkins. LMinrr, Rascoe, Sikes, Pinnix, Hurdle. Public Roads—Bennett, chairman; Reiubardt, Coxe, Barber. Wil

Hams. McDonald, ivie, Brown, Bellamy, Sikes. Starbuck. ( 2G Si \ ai i. umii vr-i i i S.

Railroads Green, chairman; Rascoe, Gardner, Carpenter, Lein- mond, Long, Thome, Barham, Starbuck, Haymore.

Rcvisal— Bassett, chairman; Barber, Baggett, Carpenter, Davis. Johnson, London, Lemmond, Armstrong, Wagoner, Haymore.

Ji'iilrs —McDonald, chairman; Pharr, Hartsell, Thorne, Reinhardt. Starbuck.

Salaries and Fees— ivie, chairman; Johnson, Long, Martin of Washington, Mashburn.

Senate Expenditures— Barber, chairman; Barham, Williams, An- derson, Sigmon.

Shellfish —Davis, chairman : Barnes, Green, Hurdle. Kitchin, John- son. Barber, Wagoner. JOINT COMMITTEES.

Enrolled Bills—Thorne, chairman; Pharr. Rascoe, Starbuck.

Justices of the Peace—Sigmon, chairman; Hartsell, Boyden, Long. Barnes, Anderson.

Library—Williams, chairman; Graham, Starbuck. Sikes.

Printing—Williams, chairman: Holden, Davis. Baggett, Sikes, Gardner, Starbuck.

Public and Grounds— chairman: Buildings Boyden, Graham, ; Thorne, Hawkins, Wagoner.

Trustees of tin 1 University—Barnes, chairman; Barham. Green, Graham. Ivie. Gardner. Lemmond. Pharr. London. Hawkins. Star- buck. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

OFFICERS.

W. C. Down Speaker Mecklenburg. T. G. Cobb Principal Clerk Burke. D. S. Poole Reading Clerk Cumberland. M. D. Kinsland Engrossing Clerk llayw I. G. L. Kllpatrick Sergeant-at-Arins Lenoir. D. H. James Asst. Sergeant-at-Arms Halifax.

REPRESENTATIVES.

Alamance—J. Elmer Long (D.), Graham. Alexander—T. O. Teague (R.), Taylorsville. Alleghany—R. A. Dougbton (D.), Sparta. Anson—Thomas C. Coxe (D.), Wadesboro. Ashe—Harrison C. Tucker (D.), Weasel. F. D. William A. Beaufort—John F. Latham (D.). Jessama, R. ; Thompson (D.). Aurora. Bertie—Walter R. Johnson (D.). Windsor. Bladen—E. II. Anders (D.), Kelly. Brunswick—-C. Ed. Taylor (R.), Soutbport. Buncombe—Gallatin Roberts (D.), Asheville; R. R. Williams (D.), Asheville. Burke—Joseph F. Spainhour (D.), Morganton. Cabarrus—William L. Morris (D.), Concord. Caldwell—Alfred A. Kent (D.). Lenoir. Camden—Dennis F. Bartlett (D.), Bartlett. Carteret—Charles S. Wallace (D.). Morehead City. Caswell—W. Osmond Smith (D.K Milton, R.F.D., No. 1. Catawba—George W. Rabb (D), Newton. Chatham—-N. J. Wilson (D.), Beaumont. Cherokee—J. II. Dillard (D), Murphy. Chowan—W. Scott Privott (D), Edenton. Clay—R. L. Herbert (R.), Hayesville. Cleveland—C. J. Woodson (D.). Shelby. 28 Members Hoi se of Representatives.

Columbus—J. M. ShipmaD (D.), Whiteville, R.F.D. Craven— Romulus A. Nunn (D), New Bern. Cumberland—Archibald D. McGill (D.), Fayetteville, R. F. D. 3; Charles G. Rose (D.), Fayetteville. Currituck— Pearce Hampton (D.), Waterlily. Dare—Charles H. Scarborough (Inch). Manns Harbor. Davidson—B. W. Parham iD.). Thomasville.

Davie—William A. Bailey (It.), Advance. Duplin-—Dr. Ransom L. Carr (D.), Magnolia. Durham—Julian S. Cut (D.), Durham. Edgecombe—Dv. M. B. Pitt (D.). Tarboro; II. B. Bryan (D.), Batt leboro.

Forsyth—Frank 1'. Alspaugb (D.). Winston; P. H. Stimpson (R.), Pfafftown. Franklin—Dv. 11. P. Floyd (D.), Louisburg, R. F. D. 1.

— < '. B. Gaston Abel Stroup (D. ). Gastonia ; Noah Kendriek (D.), Cherryville. Gates—Lycurgus Holler (D.), Gatesville. Graham—J. C. Edwards (R.), Japan. Granville—William A. Devin (D.). Oxford. (Ireen—Y. 11. Smith (D.), Snow Hill. (i nil ford—J. E. Kirkman (D.). High Point: T. R. Dillard (D.). Summerfield. R. F. D. Halifax—W. T. Clements (D.). Enfield; A. II. Green/' ID.). Weldon. Harnett—Charles Ross (D.). Lillington. Haywood—Dr. J. N. Mease (D.), Canton. Henderson—Hamilton G. Ewart (R.), Hendersonville. Hertford—W. P. Taylor (D.). Winton. Hyde—John W. McWilliams (D.). Oeracoke.

Iredell—Zeb V. Turlington (D.). Mooresville; N. D. Tomlin (D. |, Statesville. Jackson—F. H. Brown (D.), Cullowhee. Johnston—L. H. Allred (D.), Selma; Ashley Home (D.). Clayton.; Jones—J. K. Dixon (D.). Trenton. Lenoir—Emmett R. Wooten (D.). Kinston. Lincoln —A. L. Quickel (D.). Lincolnton.

Elected January 10, 1911. to fill vacancy caused by the death of P. N. Stain back, who died without taking his seat. Members House of Representatives.

Macon—J. Frank Ray (D.), Franklin. Madison—J. Coleman Ramsey (P.). Marshall. Martin—Harry W. Stubbs (D.), Williamston. McDowell—Thomas— W. Wilson (D.), Nealsville. Mecklenburg W. C. Dowd (D.), Charlotte; W. A. Grler (D.) Charlotte. R.F.D. 3; W. G. McLaughlin (D.), Charlotte, R.F.D Mitchell—Henry T. Norman (R.), Elk Park. ^Montgomery—John L. Stuart* (D.). Starr. Moore—W. H. McNeill (D.). Carthage. Nash—John L. Comwell (D.). Spring Hope. New Hanover—Woodus Kellum (D. i. Wilmington. Northampton—B. S. Gay (D.), Jackson. Onslow—E. M. Koonce (D.), Jacksonville. Orange—John T. Johnston (D.). Chapel Hill. R. F. I). 2. Pamlico—Zebulon V. Rawls (D.), Bayboro. Pasquotank—Thoruas J. Markham (D.), Elizabeth City. Pender—Walter W. Alderman (D.i. Willard. Perquimans—L. B. Perry (D.), Duranfs Xeck. Person —William A. Warren (D.I, Gordonton.

Pitt—Guilford Moring (D.L Stokes. R. V. I >. : John T. Tborne (I).). Farmville. PolJc—J. B. Livingston (D.), Tryon. — R. Ashboro B. C Randolph Orlando Cox (D.), ; Hampton (D.), Ramseur. Richmond—W. S. Thomas (D.). Rockingham. Robeson—Dr. W. A. McPhaul (TO. Lumberton; J. " McArthur

(1).), Rowland. Rockingham,—J. Thomas Wall (!>.). Stoneville, It. F. I).: William

I. Witty (D.), Summerfleld, P. F. I >.

Rowan—Walter D. Pethel (D.). Spencer; Robert 1 >. Coleman (D.), Gold Hill. Rutherford—H. Craig Richardson (D.), Forest City. Sampson—B. H. Grumpier (It.). Clinton; James T. Kennedy (R I. Moltonville. Scotland—W. H. Weatherspoon (D.). Laurinburg. Stanlg—~R. Lane Brown (D.). Albemarle. Stokes—James M. Fagg (P.), Red Shoals. Surry—Samuel F. Marshall (P.). Mount Airy.

*Died at Rex Hospital, RaIH K h, of pneumonia, during session. :;n House Rules.

Swam—O. P. Williams (R.), Bryson City. Transylvania—Thomas S. Wood (D.), Brevard. Tyrrell—Mark Majette (D.), Columbia. Union—R. Y. Houston (D.), Monroe; J. C. Sikes (D.), Monroe. Vance—Thomas Taylor (D.), Townsville. Wake—R. II. Battle (D.), Raleigh; E. R. Pace (D.), Raleigh; J. T. Judd (D.), New Hill. Warren—Thomas O. Rodwell (D.), Warrenton. Washmgton—Arthur W. Swain (D.), Plymouth. Watauga—Smith Hageman (D.), Vilas. Wayne—J. Edgar Kelly (D.), Mount Olive; John M. Mitchell (D.), Goldsboro. Abner Caudill Wilkes—Herman C. Caviness (R.), Wilkesboro ; (R.), Hays, R. F. D. 1. Wilson—George W. Connor (D.). Wilson. Yadkin—Wade Reavis (R.), Hamptonville. Yancey—David M. Buck (D.), Bald Mountain.

HOUSE RULES.

TOUCHING THE DUTIES OF THE SPEAKER.

1. It shall be the duty of the Speaker to have the sessions of this House opened with prayer in accordance with the order of this body. 2. He shall take the chair every day at 11 o'clock, shall immediately call the members to order, and on appearance of a quorum, cause the Journal of the preceding day to be read. 3. He shall preserve order and decorum, may speak to points of for order, in preference to other members, rising from his seat that purpose, and shall decide questions of order, subject to an appeal to the House by any member, on which appeal no member shall speak more than once, unless by leave of the House. 4. He shall rise to put a question, but may state it sitting. 5. Questions shall be put in this form, namely: "Those in favor (as the question may be) will say Aye," and after the affirmative voice has been expressed, "Those opposed will say No." Upon a call if he shall for a division, the Speaker shall count ; required, appoint tellers. House Ri les. :;i

G. The Speaker shall have a general direction of the hall. Lie shall have a right to name any member to perform the duties of the 'hair. but substitution shall not extend beyond one day. excepl in case of sickness or by leave of the House. 7. All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker, unles wise specially ordered by the House. 8. In all elections the Speaker may vote. In all other cases he may exercise his right to vote, or he may reserve this right until then a tie, but in no case shall be be allowed to vote twice on the same question. 9. All acts, addresses and resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker, and all warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the Hi shall be under his hand and seal, attested by the Clerk. 10. In case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or lobby, the Speaker (or Chairman of the Committee of the Whole) shall have power to order the same to be cleared. 11. No person except members of the Senate, officers and clerl the two Houses of the General Assembly. Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts, officers of the State, persons particularly invited by the Speaker or some member, and such gentlemen as have 1 a mem hers of either House of the Legislature or of a convention of the people of the State, shall be admitted within the hall of the Houf of Senate and the ofl provided, that no person except members the cers of the two Houses of the General Assembly shall be allowed on the floor of the House or in the lobby in the rear of the Speaker's desk, unless invited by the Speaker or the House. 12. Reporters wishing to take down debates maj be admitted '• the Speaker, who shall assign such places to them on the floor or con elsewhere, to effect this object, as shall not interfere with the venience of the House.

13. Smoking shall not be allowed in the hall, the lobbies or the i leries while the House is in session.

ORDER OF BUSINESS OF THE DAY.

wli 14. After the reading of the Journal of the preceding day.

shall I shall stand approved without objection, the House proceed business in the following order, viz. : and tiddre? (1) The receiving of petitions, memorials papers the General Assembly or to the House. 32 House Kim i s.

(2) Reports of Standing Committees. (3) Reports of Select Committees. (4) Resolutions. (5) Bills. (6) The Unfinished Business of the preceding day. (7) Bills, resolutions, petitions, memorials, messages and other papers on the Calendar, in their exact numerical order, unless dis- placed by the Orders of the Day; but motions and messages to elect officers shall always be in order.

ON DECORUM IN DEBATE.

15. When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House, he shall rise from bis seat and respectfully address the Speaker. 16. When the Speaker shall call a member to order, the member shall sit down, as also he shall when called to order by another member, unless the Speaker decide the point of order in his favor. By leave of the House a member called to order may clear a matter of fact, or explain, but shall not proceed in debate so long as the decision stands but by permission of the House. Any member may appeal from the decision of the Chair, and if, upon appeal, the decision be in favor of the member called to order, he may proceed; if otherwise, he shall not, except by leave of the House; and if the case, in the judgment of the House, require it, he shall be liable to its censure. 17. No member shall speak until recognized by the Chair, and when two or more members rise at the same time, the Speaker shall name the member to speak. 18. No member shall speak more than twice on the main question, nor longer than thirty minutes for the first speech, and fifteen minutes for the nor shall he more once second speech ; speak than upon an amendment or motion to commit or postpone, and then not longer than ten minutes. But the House may. by consent of the majority, suspend the operation of this rule during debate. 19. While the Speaker is putting any question, or addressing the House, no person shall speak, stand up, walk out of or across the House, nor when a member is speaking entertain private discourse, stand up, or pass between him and the Chair. 20. No member shall vote on any question in the case when he was not present when the question was put by the Speaker, except by the House Kn es. consent of the House. Upon a division ami count of the Bouse on any question, no member without the bar shall be counted. 21. Every member who shall be in the hall of the House when the question is put shall give his vote, upon a call of the ayes and unless the House for special reasons shall excuse him, and no application to be excused from voting or to explain a vote shall be enti tained unless made before the call of the roll. The hall of the House shall include the lobbies, galleries and offices connected with the hall. 22. When a motion is made and seconded, it shall be stated by the Speaker, or if written it shall be handed to the chair and read aloud by the Speaker or Clerk before debate. 23. Every motion shall be reduced to writing, if the Speaker or any two members desire it. 24. After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Cleric, it shall be deemed to be in possession of the House, but may be withdrawn before a decision or amendment, except in case of a motion to reconsider, which motion, when made by a member, shall be deemed and taken to be in possession of the House, and shall not be withdrawn without leave of the House. 25. When a question is under debate no motion shall he received to but to adjourn, to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, i pone to a day certain, to commit or amend, winch several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand arranged; and no motion to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to p pone to a day certain, to commit or amend, being decided, shall be again allowed on the same day and at the same stage of the bill or proposition. 26. A motion to adjourn or lay on the table shall be derided without debate, and a motion to adjourn shall always be in order, excepl when the House is voting or some member is speaking; but a motion to adjourn shall not follow a motion to adjourn until debate or some business of the House has intervened. same 27. When a question has been postponed indefinitely, the shall not be acted on again during the session, except upon a t thirds vote. when the 28. Any member may call for a division of the question, the same shall admit of it, which shall be determined by Speal 29. When a motion has been once made and. carried in the afflrma- ::i 1 [01 BE Kl'LES.

tive or negative, it shall be in order for any member of the majority to move for the reconsideration thereof, on the same or succeeding day. unless it may have already passed the Senate, and no motion to reconsider shall he taken from the table except by a two-thirds vote. Bui unless such vote lias been taken by a call of the yeas and nays any member may move to reconsider. 30. When the reading of a paper is called for, which has been read in the House, and the same is to by any member, it shall objected j be determined by a vote of the House. 31. Petitions, memorials and other papers addressed to the House shall be presented by the Speaker, or by a member in his place; a brief statement of the contents thereof shall be verbally made by the introducer, and shall not be debated or decided on the day of their being tirst read, unless the House shall direct otherwise, but shall lie on the table, to be taken up in the order they were read. 32. When the ayes and noes are called for on any question, it shall lie on motion before the question is put; and if seconded by one-fifth of the members present, the question shall be decided by the ayes and noes : and in taking the ayes and noes, or on a call of the House, the names of the members will be taken alphabetically. 33. Decency of speech shall be observed and personal reflection carefully avoided. 34. Any member, after the expiration of* the morning hour, may rise to a question of personal privilege, but if the question of personal privilege be decided against him he shall not proceed, unless the ruling of the Speaker be reversed by the House. 35. Any fifteen members, including the Speaker, shall be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members. 36. No member or officer of the House shall absent himself from the service of the House without leave, unless from sickness or inability. 37. Any member may excuse himself from serving on any committee if he is a member of two standing committees. 38. If any member shall be necessarily absent on temporary business of the House when a vote is taken upon any question, upon entering the House he shall be permitted, on request, to vote, provided that the result shall not be thereby affected. 39. No standing rule or order shall be rescinded or altered without House R\ les. :;.-,

oue day's notice given on the motion thereof, and to sustaiu such motion two-thirds of the House shall be required. 40. The members of this House shall uncover their heads upon entering the hall whilst the House is in session, and shall continue so uncovered during their continuance in the hall, excepi Quakers. 41. A motion to reconsider shall be determined by a majority vote, except a motion to reconsider an indefinite postponement, or a motion to reconsider a motion tabling a motion to reconsider, which shall require a two-thirds vote.

STANDING COMMITTEES.

42. At the commencement of the session a standing committee shall be appointed on each of the following subjects, namely : On Agriculture. On Appropriations. On Banks and Currency. On Claims. On Constitutional Amendment. On Corporation Commission. On Corporations. On Counties, Cities, Towns and Townships. On Courts and Judicial Districts. On Education. On Election Law. On Engrossed Bills. On Expenditures of the House. On Federal Relations. On Finance. On Fish and Fisheries. On Game. On Health. On Immigration. On Insane Asylums. On Institutions for the Blind. On Institutions for the Deaf and Dumb. On Insurance. On Internal Improvements. On Judiciary No. 1. 36 House Rules.

< )n Judiciary No. 2. On Manufactures and Labor. On Military A Hairs. On Mines and Mining.

< >n Oyster Interests. On Penal Institutions. On Pensions. On Privileges and Elections. On Propositions and Grievances. On Public Roads and Turnpikes.

< >n Regulation of tbe Liquor Traffic. On Regulation of Public Service Corporations. On Revision of tbe Laws. On Rules. On Salaries and Fees.

JOINT COMMITTEES. On Enrolled Bills. On Appointment of Justices of tbe Peace. On Library. On Printing. On Public Buildings and Grounds. On Trustees of University. To be appointed by tbe Speaker, and tbe first announced on eacb committee sball be chairman. In addition to tbe above standing committees, tbe Speaker sball appoint another (two members of eacb judicial district) to be denominated tbe Committee on Private Bills. 43. In forming a Committee of tbe Wbole House, tbe Speaker sball leave tbe chair, and a chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker. 44. Upon bills submitted to a Committee of the Whole House, the bill shall be first read throughout by tbe Clerk, and then again read and debated by sections, leaving the preamble to be last considered. The body of the bill shall not be defaced or interlined, but all amendments, noting the page and line, sball be duly entered by the Clerk on a separate paper, as the same shall be agreed to by the committee, and so reported to the House. After report, the bill shall again be subject to be debated and amended by sections before a question on its passage be taken. House Rules. 37

45. The rules of proceeding in the House shall be observed in a Committee of the Whole House, so far as they may be applicable, cept the rule limiting the time of speaking and the previous question. 46. In a Committee of the Whole House, a motion thai the committee rise shall always be in order, except when a member is spe ing. and shall be decided without debate. 47. Every bill shall be introduced by motion for leave, or by order of the House, or on the report of a committee, unless introduced in regular order during the morning hour. 4S. All bills and resolutions shall be reported from the committee to which referred, with such recommendation as the committee may desire to make. 49. Every bill shall receive three several readings in the lions.'. previous to its passage, and the Speaker shall give notice at each whether it be its first, second or third reading. 50. Any member introducing a bill or resolution shall briefly endorse thereou the substance of the same. 51. The Speaker shall refer all bills and resolutions, upon their introduction, to the appropriate committee, unless otherwise ordered. 52. The Clerk of the House shall keep a separate calendar of the in which public and private bills, and shall number them in the order they are introduced; and all bills shall be disposed of in the order they stand upon the Calendar, but the Committee on Rules may at any time arrange the order of precedence in which bills may be 1 sidered. No public bill shall be twice read on the same day wit bom the concurrence of two-thirds of the members. 53. All resolutions which may grant money 0111 of the Treasury, or such as shall be of a public nature, shall be treated in all resp< in a similar manner with public bills. 54. The Clerk of the House shall be deemed to continue in office until another is appointed. the 55. Upon the motion of any member there shall be a call of and House, a majority of the members present assenting thereto, he upon a call of the House the names of the members shall calle names of over by the Clerk and the absentees noted, alter which the then be the absentees shall again be called over. The doors shall are closed and those from whom no excuse m- sufficienl excuses be taken Into may. by order of those present, if fifteen in number, 38 I [OT 8E Etl M-. custody as they appear, or may bo sent for and taken into custody wherever to be found by special messenger appointed for that pur-

"' M '' l PBEVIOUS QIESTION.

oil. The previous question shall be as follows: "Shall the main question be now put?" and, until it is decided, shall preclude all amendments and debates. If this question .shall be decided in the affirmative, the "main question" shall be on the passage of the Mil. resolution or other matter under consideration; but when amendments .uc pending the question shall be taken upon such amendments, in their order, without further debate or amendment. If such question lie decided in the negative, the main question shall be considered as remaining under debate: Provided, that no one shall move the previous question except the member submitting the report on the lull or other matter under consideration, and the member introducing the bill or other matter under consideration, or the member in charge of the measure, who shall be designated by the chairman of the committee reporting the same to the House at the time the bill or other matter under consideration is reported to the House, or taken up for consideration. When a motion for the previous question is made, and pending the second thereto by a majority, debate shall cease, but if any member obtains the floor he may move to lay the matter under consideration on I he table, or move an adjournment, and when both or either of those motions are pending the question shall stand:

1. Previous question. 2. To adjourn.

.'!. To lay on the table.

And then upon the main question, or amendments, or the motion to postpone indefinitely, postpone to a day certain, to commit or amend, in the order of their precedence, until the main question is reached or disposed of; but after the previous question has been called by a majority, no motion, amendment or debate shall be in order. All motions below the motion to lay on the table must be made prior to a motion for the previous question; but, pending and not after the second therefor by the majority of the House, a motion to adjourn or lay on the table, or both, are in order. This constitmes the precedence of the motion to adjourn and lay on the table over other motions, in Rule 25. Bouse Rules. ;;:i

Motions stand as follows in order of precedence in Rule 2G: Lay on the table. Previous question. Postpone indefinitely. Postpone definitely. To commit or amend.

is When the previous question called, all motions below it fall, unless made prior to the call, and all motions above it fall after its sec ond by a majority required. Pending the second, the motions to adjourn and lay on the table are in order, but not after a second. When in order and every motion is before the House, the question stands as follows :

Previous question. Adjourn. Lay on the table. Postpone indefinitely. Postpone definitely. To commit. Amendment to amendment. Amendment. Substitute. Bill.

The previous question covers all other motions when seconded bj n majority of the House, and proceeds by regular gradation to the main question, without debate, amendment or motion, until such question is reached or disposed of. 57. All bills carrying appropriations, when reported favorably from the committee having them in charge, shall he referred t<> the Com mittee on Appropriations before reported to the House. 58- The Principal Clerk, the Engrossing Clerk a ml the Doorki shall appoint, with the approval of the Speaker, such assistant as may be necessary to the efficient discharge of the duties of their various offices. 59. The Speaker shall appoint twelve pages m wail upon th< sions of the House, and when the pressure of business maj require he may appoint three additional pages. 40 House Committees.

60. The Chairmen of the Committees ou the Judiciary. Finance and Propositions and Grievances may each appoint a clerk, with the approval of the majority of his said committee. 01. The Chairmen and five members of the Committees on the Ju- diciary and the Chairmen and ten members of the Committees on Education, Finance, and Agriculture shall constitute a quorum of either of said respective committees for the transaction of business.

HOUSE STANDING COMMITTEES.

Agriculture—Alspaugh. chairman; Mitchell, McGill. McArthur, Latham, Hageman, Bartlett, Morris, Smith of Caswell. Rabb, Wilson of Chatham, Pitt, Smith of Greene. Stroup. Ross, Grier, Alderman. Warren, Moring, Wall, Wood. Anders, Carr of Durham, Coxe of An- son, Green. Bryan. McLaughlin, Brown of Jackson, Kent.

Appropriations—Turlington, chairman; Spainhour, Doughton, Nunn, Carr of Durham, Kirkman, Williams of Buncombe, Wallace, Privet i. McPhaul, Ross, Koonce, McWilliams, Brown of Jackson, Wooten. Ray. Stubbs. Moring, Cox of Randolph, Rodwell, Connor, Ewart, Caudill. Bonis and Currency—Carr of Durham, chairman; Home, Kelly. Hofler. Wooten, Cornwell. Thorne, Roberts. Doughton, Coxe of Anson. Alspaugh, Carter, Sikes, Dixon. Wallace, Kirkman, McLaughlin, Quickel, Caviness, Teague. claims—Kirkman, chairman; Deviu. Taylor of Vance. Cornwell. Dixon, Shipman. McArthur, Swain. Wall. Wilson of Chatham, Ed- wards, Kennedy, Caviness.

Constitutional AmendmentsStubbs, chairman; Ray. Majette. Hageman, Kellum, Turlington, Bryan, Thompson, Dillard of Cherokee. Rose, Devin. Gay, Weatherspoon, Rodwell, Roberts. Caudill. Ramsey.

Corporation Commission—Majette, chairman; Gay. Thomas. War- ren. Cornwell, Witty. Wood, Coleman, Alderman. Allred, Shipman. Caviness, Kennedy. House Committees. n — Corporations Wooten, chairman; Stubbs, Kelly, Taylor of Vance, Cox of Randolph, Battle, McNeill, Rabb. Thompson, Allred, Clement, Carr of Duplin, Parham, Caudill, Reavis.

Counties, Cities, Towns and Townships—Buck, chairman; Coxe of Anson, Connor, Koonce, Tomlin, Kendrick, Roberts, Thompson, Johnson of Bertie. Morris, Taylor of Hertford. Kelly. Dixon, Mc- Neill. Thome, Thomas, Pace, Swain, Marshall, Edwards.

Courts and Judicial Districts—Rodwell, chairman; Spainhour, Battle. Sikes, Quickel, Wooten, Long. Johnson of Bertie, Ruse. All- red. McNeill. Markham, Richardson, Brown of Stanly. Ewart, Crumpler.

Education—Spainhour, chairman; Ross, Wooten, Majette, Roberts, Privott, Koonce, Judd, Carr of Durham. Nunn, Tucker. McArthur, Johnston of Orange, Hageman, Thorne, Kendrick, Dillard of Guilford, Brown of Jackson, Bryan, Floyd, Taylor of Brunswick. Reavis.

Election Laws—Gay, chairman; Doughton, Privott, Nunn, Parham, Johnson of Bertie, Thompson, Alspaugh. McArthur, Buck, Crumpler, Teague.

Engrossed Bills—Mitchell, chairman; Hageman, Sikes. Richardson, Coleman, McArthur, Rawls, Marshall, Williams of Swain.

Expenditures of the House—Bryan, chairman; McGill. Johnston ol Orange, Markham, Alderman, Perry, McLaughlin. Wilson of Mc Dowell, McWilliams, Smith of Greene, Ramsey. Norman.

Federal Relations—Rose, chairman; Roberts, Latham. Long, l»il lard of Cherokee, Privott, McNeill, Ewart, Crumpler.

Finance—Doughton, chairman; Carr of Durham, Home, Koonce, Buck, Williams of Buncombe. Kent. Coxe of Anson, Wallace, Nunn, McGill, Alspaugh, Kendrick. Kirkman, Ross, Ray, Spainhour, Cox of Randolph, Majette, Hageman, Turlington. Moring, Rose, Ewart, C ness. Taylor of Brunswick.

FisJi and Fisheries—McWilliams, chairman; Stubbs, Doughton, Connor, Wooten, Devin, Latham. Johnson of Bertie, Bartlett, Wallace, Rawls, Privott, Nunn, Hampton, Hofler, Taylor of Hertford, Kelluin, Markham, Majette, Swain, Perry, Scarborough, Koonce, Thompson. Taylor of Brunswick. I- I [OUSE Com M CTTEES.

Game— Pitt, chairman; Hampton, McLaughlin, McWilliams, Dil- lard of Guilford, Stroup, Smith of Caswell, Anders, Morris, Bartlett. Shipman, Scarborough, Johnston of Orange, Houston, Mnjette. Teague, Norman.

Health —McPhaul, chairman; Carr of Duplin, Kent. Pitt, Floyd. McLaughlin, Koonce, Johnston of Orange, Dillard of Guilford, Mease. Brown of Jackson. Witty, Taylor of Vance, McGill, McNeill. Ramsey, Reavis.

Immigration — Moring, chairman; Wood, Grier, McGill, Shipman. Tucker. Anders. Morris. Bartlett. Scarborough, Thorne, Herbert, Teague.

Insane Asylums— Kent, chairman: Carr of Duplin. Pitt, Floyd, Mease, McPhaul, Koonce. Carter. Hampton, Warren, Alderman. Liv- ingston, Richardson, Morris. Rabb, Brown of Stanly, Rawls, Wood. Dixon, Wilson of McDowell, M< Arthur, Ramsey, Crumpler, Caviness.

Institutions for the Blind—Kelly, chairman; Gay, Judd, McPhaul, Kay. Taylor of Hertford. Thorne, Carter, Mease, Houston, Witty. Perry, Parham. Woodson, Stimpson, Marshall. Crumpler.

Institutions for the Deaf and Dumb—Hageman. chairman: Spain- hour. Hofler, Livingston. Devin. Roberts. Moring, Long, Bartlett. Tucker, Smith of Greene. Dillard of Guilford, Grier. McArthur. Judd. Wilson of McDowell. Scarborough, Kelly. Taylor of Brunswick. Ram- soy. Fagg. Insurance—Ross, chairman; Home, Coxe of Anson, Nunn, Wood- son. Hofler. McWilliams. Carter, Thorne, McPhaul, Pethel, Kirkman. Clement. Rose. Taylor of Hertford. Ramsey. Herbert. Fagg. Internal Improvements—Weatherspoon, chairman; Taylor of Vance. Allred, Cornwell, Johnston of Orange, Buck, Judd. Houston., Warren. Alderman. Herbert, Norman, Fagg, Caudill.

Judiciary, Xo. 1 —Battle, chairman; Turlington. Stubbs. Ray, Rod- well, Spainhour. Majette, Long, Rose, Devin, Williams of Buncombe. Sikes, Johnson of Bertie, Dillard of Cherokee, Rawls. Markhain, Weatherspoon, Ewart, Reavis, Taylor of Brunswick.

Judiciary, No. 2—Connor, chairman; Koonce, Doughton, Privott. Roberts, Wooten, Allred. Thompson, Quickel, Kelluin, Gay. Nunn, Parham, Thomas, Richardson. Brown of Stanly. McNeill. Caviness,

Ramsey, < 'rumpler. House Committees. i:; — Manufactures and Labor Cox of Randolph, chairman; Carr of Durham. Home, Tomlin, Bryan, Pace, Ross, Perry, Quickel, Bouston, Wood, Pethel, Taylor of Hertford, Stroup, Teague, Reavis, Caudill. — Military Affairs Privott, chairman: Devin, Kelluiu, Pace, Mitchell, Rabb, Brown of Stanly, Livingston, Smith of Caswell, Long, Thomp- son, Teague, Norman.

Mines and Mining—Taylor of Vance, chairman; Coleman, Richard son, Wilson of McDowell, Woodson. Dillard of Cherokee, Tucker, Stroup, Mease, Livingston, Norman, Bailey.

Oyster Interests—Wallace, chairman; Stubbs, McWilliams, Hamp- ton, Rawls, Kellum, Thompson, Bartlett, Scarborough, Markham, Alderman. Perry, Swain, Taylor of Brunswick.

Penal Institutions—Coxe of Anson, chairman; Turlington, Mc- Laughlin, Gay, Moring, Mitchell, Judd, Houston. Wood, Coleman, Witty, Clement, Smith of Greene, Stroup, Shipman, Wilson of ('hat- ham, Kennedy, Edwards, Ramsey.

Pensions—McGill, chairman; Woodson. Rabb, Carr of Durham, Pitt, Home, Kelly, Moring, Wall, Pethel, Battle. Wood. Houston, Green, Bailey, Herbert.

t'rivileges and Elections—Quickel. chairman: Majette, Connor. Thomas, Bryan, Markham. Allred. Rose. Dillard of Cherokee. Smith of Caswell, Anders, Johnson of Bertie, Taylor of Brunswick, Mar shall, Reavis.

Propositions and Grievances—Koonce, chairman: Quickel, Wooten, Hageman, Weatherspoon, Tomlin, Dillard of Guilford, Kendrick, Bryan, Parham. Dillard of Cherokee. Long, Tucker. Wilson of Chal ham, Carr of Duplin. Mease, Cornwell, Perry, Carter, Wallace, w i Iiams of Swain, Marshall, Stimpson.

Public Roads and Turnpikes—Grier, chairman: Taylor of Vance, Thomas. Tomlin, Buck, Coxe of Anson, Tucker, Williams of Buu combe, Smith of Caswell, Rabb, Parham, Stroup, Johnston of Oran Moring. Livingston, McArthur, Coleman. Judd, Green, McLaughll Bryan. Hampton, Marshall, Ewart, 44 House Committees.

Regulation of the Liquor Truffle—Hofler, chairman; Wallace, Ken Cole .Irick, Rodwell, Pitt, Hageman, Kent, Thomas, Kellum, Swain, man, Wall, Brown of Jackson, Smith of Greene, McGill, Latham Privott, Williams of Swain. Caviness, Kennedy. — Regulation of Public Service Corporations Ray, chairman; Rod well, Williams of Buncombe, Pethel. Kellum, Clement, Alspaugh Smith of Greene, Taylor of Hertford, Carter of Randolph, Wilson of Chatham. Warren. Weatherspoon, Pace, Mitchell, Herbert, Teague.

Bi vision Laws—Williams of Buncombe, chairman; Battle. Con- of | nor, Doughton. Turlington. Spainhour. Koonce, Devin, Ray, Nunn, Rose, Ewart, Taylor of Brunswick.

Rules—Doughton, chairman; Koonce. Turlington, Connor. Ewart.

salaries and Fees—Sikes, chairman; Thompson. McGill, MePhaul, Woodson, Floyd, Dixon, Anders, Grier, Shipman, Cornwell. Cox of Randolph, Wilson of McDowell. Witty. Judd. Taylor of Brunswick, Stimpson. JOINT COMMITTEES.

Enrolled Bills—Kendrick, chairman; Tomlin, Pace, Brown of Jack- Wil- son, Allred. Pethel. Floyd, Wall, Johnson of Bertie, Kennedy, liams of Swain. Dillard of Guilford. Justices of Peace—Latham, chairman ; Bryan, Kendricks. Anders, Scarborough. Clement, Tomlin. Morris. Rabb, Shipman, Alderman, Wall, Fagg, Bailey, Norman. Brown of Stanly, Library—Hampton, chairman ; Majette, Battle, McArthur, Wall. Sikes, Caviness, Reavis. Printing—McNeill, chairman; Pace, Brown of Stanly, Richardson, Thomas, Rawls, Sikes, Brown of Jackson, Ross, Kirkman, Parham, Norman, Fagg, Williams of Swain.

Public Buildings and Grounds—Home, chairman; Battle. Quickel, Turlington, Buck, Hofler, McGill, Kent, Woodson. Warren, Cox of Randolph, Mitchell. Clement, Carr of Durham. Doughton, Connor, Bailey, Caviness.

Trustees of the University—Dillard of Cherokee, chairman; Wooten, Spainhour, Carr of Durham, Ross. Williams of Buncombe, Latham. Hampton, Wilson of Chatham. Kent. Brown of Jackson, Johnston of Orange, Edwards. Fagg. DEPARTMENT OF THE GOVERNOR.

William Walton Kitchin, Governor.

The Governor is the chief executive officer of the State. He is elected by the people for a term of four years. He receives a salary of $4,000 a year, and in addition is allowed annually $600 for travel ing expenses, and a residence, with domestic servants. Article III, section 2, of the Constitution of North Carolina prescribes the following qualifications for the Governor: 1. He must have attained the age of thirty years. 2. He must have been a citizen of the United States for live years, and a resident of North Carolina for two years next before the el lion. 3. No person shall be eligible for the office of Governor for inure than four years in any term of eight years, unless he becomes Gov- ernor by having been Lieutenant Governor or Presidenl of the Senate. The same qualifications apply' to the office of Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution prescribes the powers and duties of the Governor as follows : 1. To take the oath of office prescribed for the Governor. 2. To reside at the seat of government; to keep the General A.s bly informed respecting the affairs of the State; and to recommend to the General Assembly such measures as he deems expedient. 3. To grant reprieves, commutations and pardons (except in cases of impeachment), and to report each case of reprieve, c< nut at inn or pardon to the General Assembly. 4. To receive reports from all officials of the Executive Department and of public institutions, and to transmit the same to the General Assembly. 5. He is commander in chief of the militia of the State, except when they are called into the service of the United Slates. thinks G. To call extra sessions of the General Assembly when he necessary, by and with the advice of the Council of State. of the 7. To appoint, by and with the advice ami consent Senate, all officers whose offices are established by the Constitution ami whose appointments are not otherwise provided f< >r. North and 8. To keep "The Great Seal of the State of Carolina," use the same as occasion shall require. 46 State Government.

in addition to these duties the following are prescribed by statute: 1. To supervise the official conduct of all executive aud administra- tive officers, and to visil all State institutions whenever he deems such visitation necessary to inquire into their management and needs. 2. To see that all public offices are filled and their duties performed.

''.. To make appointments and supply vacancies not otherwise provided for in all departments. 4. To be the sole official organ of communication between the Gov- ernment of this State and other States, or the Government of the United States. 5. To use the civil and military power of the State to prevent the violation of the statute against prize-fighting in North Carolina. 6. To convene the Council of State for consultation whenever he deems it necessary. 7. To appoint a Private Secretary, who shall keep a record of all public letters written by or to the Governor in books provided for that purpose.

S. To cause to be kept the following records : a register of all applications for pardon or for commutation of any sentence; an account of his official expenses, and the rewards offered by him for the appre- hension of criminals, which shall be paid upon the warrant of the Auditor. 0. Under certain conditions to employ counsel for the State. 10. To appoint by proclamation one day in each year as a day of solemn and public thanksgiving to- Almighty God for past blessings and of supplication for His continued kindness and care over us as a State and a Nation. 11. To procure a seal for each department of the State Government to he used in such manner as may be established by law.

In addition to the above duties, the Governor is. ex officio, chairman of the State Board of Education, of the Board of Public Build- ings and Grounds, of the State Board of Pensions, of the State Board of Internal Improvements, of the North Carolina Geological Board, of the Board of Trustees of the State Library, of the Board of Trustees of the University of North Carolina, and of the State Text-book Com- mission, of the committee to let the contract for State printing, and of the Stale Board of Canvassers. State Government. 17

DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

J. Bryan Grimes. Secretary of State.

The Secretary of State is at the head of the Departnieul of State. He is elected by the people for a term of four years and receives » salary of $3,500. He is, ex officio, a member of the Council of State, of the State Board of Education, of the State Text-boot Commission, of the Board of Public Buildings and Grounds, and is a trustee of the Public Libraries.

The Secretary of State countersigns all commissions issued by the Governor and is charged with the custody of all siatules and joint resolutions of the Legislature, all -documents which pass under the Great Seal, and of all books, records, deeds, parchments, maps ami papers now deposited in his office or which may hereafter he there deposited pursuant to law. Through the Secretary of State all corporations lor business or charitable purposes under the general laws of the Stale are chartered. This includes mercantile, manufacturing, banking, insurance, railroad, street car. electric, steamboat, and other companies. There the certificates are recorded, annual reports of same tiled, except those required by law to report to the Corporation Commission. In the last two years there have been domestic corporations tiled in the office of Secretary of State on which $45,371.96 organizatii r diss" lution taxes have been paid. In the last two years ''>-! hanks have been incorporated and IT railroad companies have tiled articles of as sociation with the Secretary of State, foreign corporations, before being permitted to do business in North Carolina, are required t" Ble copies of their charters in and make annual statements to (he office of Secretary of State. Eighty-four foreign corporations have filed their charters and have been admitted to do business in the last two years.

ENROLLMENT OF BILLS.

All lulls passed by the General Assembly are enrolled for ratifim lion under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of State and shall be typewritten or written with pen and ink. in (he discre tion of the Secretary of State. All hills are now typewritten, wlllcll Ihange is very much in the interest of economy and accuracy. Copj 18 State Government.

ists in the enrolling office are paid ten cents a copy-sheet for original and one carbon copy. The carbon copy is sent to the State Printer, from which copy are published the laws, resolutions, etc. An assistant to the Secretary of State prepares these laws for publication, determines which are "public," "public local" and which are "private."' side-notes them and prepares the captions and indexes the laws of the session. This work has grown very much in the last few years. The Secretary of State is charged with the work of distributing the Supreme Court Reports, The Revisal, Session Laws, Journals, Public Documents, etc.

PERMANENT BOLL EEGISTEEED VOTERS.

The Secretary of State furnishes to the various precincts, counties, and boards all books, blanks, forms, and other printed matter necessary for holding elections; prepares blanks for the State Board of Canvassers and issues certificates of election to such persons as are declared elected by the State Board of Canvassers. He also keeps in his office a permanent roll of the voters of the precincts and counties who registered under the "grandfather clause" in the Constitu- tion. PUBLIC LANDS.

All vacant and unappropriated land in North Carolina is subject to entry by residents or citizens of the State. Almost all the vacant land in the State has been granted to individuals or is the property; of the State Board of Education, but small tracts are frequently discovered and entries for same made. In the last two years 317 grants have been issued, and on this account $9,695.S5 has been paid into the Treasury. The warrants, plats, and surveys and a record of grants for all lands originally granted by the Lords Proprietors, by the crown of Great Britain, or by the State of North Carolina are preserved in the office of the Secretary of State. The General Assembly of 1909 increased the price of these lands to $1.50 an acre, and provides "that all lands entered under this act for which a grant has been obtained at the price of $1.50 an acre shall be free from all claims, title or interest now vested in the State of North Carolina or the State Board of Education." State Government. id

Automobiles are now required to be licensed by the State, and 2,018 have registered and there 'has been paid into the Treasury from this source $11,900.10. For the two years ending November 30, 1010. the collections made in the Secretary of State's office, paid into the State Treasury, were $104,441.80. In the last few years the work in this office has been greatly in-

creased, everything has been indexed and systematically filed, and the dangerous and unsightly paper boxes and files in wooden cup- boards have been replaced with steel, fireproof filing-cases.

AUDITOR'S DEPARTMENT.

W. P. Wood, State And iffjr.

The Department of the State Auditor is one of the Executive De- partments of the State Government. The Auditor is elected for a term of four years by the qualified voters of the State, at the same time and places and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly are elected. His term of office begins on the firsl day of January next after his election and continues until his successor is elected and qualified. (Constitution of North Carolina. Article III.

section 1.) His duties as prescribed by law are as follows (Revisal

of 1905, section 5365) : 1. To superintend the fiscal concerns of the State. 2. To report to the Governor, annually, and to the General Assem- bly at the beginning of each biennial session thereof, a complete statement of the funds of the State, of its revenues and <>( the public expenditures during the preceding fiscal year, and, as Car as practicable, an account of the same down to the termination of the currenl calendar year, together with a detailed estimate of the expenditures to be defrayed from the treasury for the ensuing fiscal year, specifj ing therein each object of expenditure and distinguishing between

' such as are provided for by permanent or temporary appropriations, and such as must be provided for by a new statute, and suggesting the means from which such expenditures are to be defrayed. 50 State Government.

3. To suggest plans for the improvement and management of the public revenue.

I. To keep and state all accounts in which the State is interested. 5. To examine and settle the accounts of all persons indebted to the State, and to certify the amount of balance to the Treasurer. 6. To direct and superintend the collection of all moneys due to the State. 7. To examine and liquidate the claims of all persons against the State, in cases where there is sufficient provisions of law for the payment thereof, and where there is no sufficient provision, to examine the claim and report the fact, with his opinion thereon, to the Gen- eral Assembly. S. To require all persons who have received any moneys belonging to the State, and have not accounted therefor, to settle their accounts 9. To have the exclusive power and authority to issue all warrants for the of payment money upon the State Treasurer ; and it shall be the Auditor's duty, before issuing the same, to examine the laws authorizing the payment thereof, and satisfy himself of the correctness of the accounts of persons applying for warrants; and to this end he shall have the power to administer oaths, and he shall also file in his office the voucher upon which the warrant is drawn and cite the law upon said warrant. 10. To procure from the books of the banks in which the Treasurer makes his deposits, monthly statements of the moneys received and paid on account of the Treasurer. 11. To keep an account between the State and the Treasurer, and therein charge the Treasurer with the balance in the treasury when he came into office, and with all moneys received by him, and credit him with all warrants drawn or paid by him. 12. To examine carefully on the first Tuesday of every month, or oftener if he deems it necessary, the accounts of the debits and credits in the bank book kept by the Treasurer, and if he discovers any irregularity or deficiency therein, unless the same be rectified or ex- plained to his satisfaction, to report the same forthwith in writing to the Governor. 13. To require from time to time, all who have received persons | moneys or securities, or have had the disposition or management of any property of the State, of which an account is kept in his office, State Government. :,\ to render statements thereof to hiin all ; and such persona shall der such statements at such time and in such form as he shall require. 14. To require any person presenting an account for settlement to be sworn before him and to answer orally as to any facts relating to its correctness. In addition to the above, the State Auditor is a member of the Council of State, of the State Board of Education, of the State Text- book Commission, of the State Board of Pensions, and ex officio Sec- retary of the Soldiers' Home. All pension matters are managed in this department; all applications for pensions examined, and all i sion warrants issued to more than fifteen thousand pensioners. The Auditor keeps the accounts of the Soldiers' Home.

PENSIONS FOB CONFEDERATE VETERANS.

The first pension law was passed by the Legislature of 1S85. It appropriated $30,000 annually for certain classes of disabled ConiVd erate soldiers. This appropriation has been increased from time to time, until the annual appropriation now amounts to .$400,000. Of this amount $125,000 was added by the Legislature of 1907. To totally blind and disabled Confederate soldiers the law allows $120 each per year. That class received $13,280 in 1907. The Soldiers' Home was organized by the Legislature of 1S91 and there was expended that year $2,250. That has gradually increased from year to year until the last Legislature appropriated $15,000 for maintenance and $5,000 for building purposes, making a total of $20,000 annually. We have now on the pension roll of North Carolina in round numbers 15,000 pensioners, an increase of about 10.000 since lit* mi.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

B. R. Lacy, State Treasurer.

The State Treasury is one of the executive departments of the State Government. The State Treasurer is elected by the people for a term of four years. His term of office begins the firsl of January r»L' State Government.

next after bis election and continues until his successor is elected and qualified. He receives a salary of $3,500 per annum. The duties of the State Treasurer as prescribed by law are as fol-

lows : 1. To keep his office in the city of Raleigh and attend there between the hours of 10 o'clock A. M. and 3 o'clock P. M., except Sundays and legal holidays. 2. To receive all moneys that may be paid into the treasury of the State; to pay all warrants legally drawn on the treasury by the •Auditor and to report to the Governor and the General Assembly the financial condition of the State, including a summary of the receipts and disbursements for each fiscal year. 3. To construe Revenue and Machinery Acts. State Government. 53

STATEMENT OF TOTAL RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. Summary of the Receipts and Disbursements of Public and Educational Funds, Showing Balances to the Credit of Each Fund at the Closi Each of the Fiscal Years Ending November 30, 1909, and November 30, 1910.

1908. December 1 54 State Government.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

James Y. Joyner, Superintendent.

The Department of Education is one of the Executive Departments of the State Government. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, head of the department, is elected by the people for a term of four years. His term begins on the first of January next after his election and continues until his successor has been elected and qualified. His salary is $3,000 per annum, and in addition he is allowed "actual traveling expenses" when engaged in the performance of his official duties.

Section XLI of the Constitution of North Carolina of 1770 is as

follows : "That a school or schools be established by the Legislature, for the convenient instruction of youth, with such salaries to the mas- the as enable to ters, paid by public, may them instruct at low prices ; and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities." Except for the establishment of the University of North Carolina, no attempt was made by the Legislature to carry out this injunction of the Constitution until nearly three-quarters of a century had elapsed. The first efforts were a failure, and nothing definite was accomplished until the creation of a Department of Education by the election in 1S51 of Calvin H. Wiley Superintendent of Common Schools. He entered upon the duties of his office in January, 1852, and was continued in office until October 19, 1865. The following figures tell the of his work : Number of teachers in in story 1852, 800 ;

1855, ; in I860, 2,286. Enrollment in 2,064 the schools in 1S53, 83,373 ; in 1S55, 115,856; in 1860, 116,567. Number of schools taught in 1S55,

; School fund in 1,905 1860, 2,854. 1S53, $192,250 ; in I860, $408,566. Expenditures in 1853, $139,865; in I860, $255,641. The schools were kept open throughout the war. and in 1863 enrolled more than 50.000 pupils. In 1865, as one of the results of the war, the office of Super- intendent of Common Schools was abolished. By the Constitution of 1S6S the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction was created, and the Department of Education made one of the Constitutional Departments of the State Government. Since that time the following have filled the office : S. S. Ashley, Alexander Mclver, Stephen D. Pool, John C. Scarborough, Sidney M. Finger, Charles H. Mebane, Thomas F. Toon and James Y. Joyner. State Government.

The scope and general nature of the work of this department ran be best understood from the following summary of the general powers and duties of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: The Superintendent is required to publish the school law, make a biennial report to the Governor, keep his office at the capital, and sign all orders for money paid out of State treasury for educational purposes. He has general direction of the school system and the enforce ment of the school law, all school officers being required t<> obey his instructions and his interpretation of the law. He is required to be acquainted with the educational conditions of all sections of the State, and he must also keep in touch with the educational progress of other States. In addition to these general duties, the State Superintendent lias the following duties: Supervision and control of normal departmenl of Cullowhee High School, Rev. 1905, 4228; secretary Text I k Com- mission, Rev. 1905, 4057; trustee of State Library, Rev. 1905, 5069; president of board of directors State Normal and Industrial College, Rev. 1905, 4252; chairman of trustees of East Carolina Training School, Laws 1907; chairman State Board of Examiners, Laws L907; Laws makes prescribes course of study for public high schools, L907; rules and regulations for rural libraries, Rev. 1905, 4175: and member board of trustees of Appalachian Training School, Laws L907. :,<; State Government.

school ii xi) \\i> sori!i;i:s. mos i'.»io.

North Rural. City. Carolina.

Balance from 1908-1909 S 277,035.54 ; 56,918.40

Local tax, 1909-1910 296,914.63 580,885.28

Local tax, 1908-1909 237,744.17 579,505.65

Increase 59,170.46 1,379.63

Percent age of increase 24.9 .24

Bonds, loans, etc., 1909-1910 66,775.00 227,302.49

Bonds, loans, etc., 1903-1909 59,302.50 160,768.46

Increase 7,472.50 66,534.03

County fund, 1909-1910 1,446,355.84 307,806.42

County fund, 1908-1909 1,477,933.72 284,845.62

Increase *31,577.88 22,960.80

Special State appropriations for elementary schools 216,220.80

Special State appropriations for public high schools 48,350.00

Private donations, State appropriations, etc., for libraries, 1909-1910 25,410.66

Private donations, State appropriations, etc., for libraries, 1908-1909 30,462.41

Increase

Total available school fund, 1909-1910

Total available school fund, 1908-1909

Increase

Percentage of increase

Rural funds (not included in above) 1909-1910.

Rural funds (not included in above) 1908-1909-

Increase

Decrease. tSee supplement to Table I. State Government.

- PUBLIC SCHOOL EXPENDITU l: I

Rural. North City. Carolina.

Total expenditures, 1909-1910 $2,126,695.50 81,052,255.00 $3,178,950.50

Total expenditures, 1908-1909 2,029,023.77 1,040,236 59 3,069,260.36

Increase 97,671.73 12,018 11 109,690.14

Teaching and supervision, 1909-1910 1,433,650.78 688,954 98 2,122,605.76

Teaching and supervision, 1908-1909 1,336,866.08 638,070.52 1,974

Increase 96,784.70 50,884.46 117.669.16

Buildings and supplies, 1909-1910 424,442.62 243,253.30 667,1

Buildings and supplies, 1908-1909 434,818.98 277,020.98 711,839.96

Increase *10,376.36 *33,767 lis *44, 144.04

Administration, 1909-1910 107,037.59 17, I'm 67 124,!

Administration, 1908-1909 92,499.40 23,160.84 m.Vhii 24

Increase 14,538.19 *5,961.17 8.57

Public high schools 123,368.39 123,368.39

154 4 interest etc 51,639.86 102,847.05 , Loans repaid, ,

Balance on hand June 30, 1910 250,691.97 121,032.59 371,7

Percentage for teaching and supervision, 1909-1910 67.4 65 5 67 l

Percentage for buildings and supplies, 1909 ii 1910.1 19.1 23 I 21 9 Percentage for administration, 1909-1910 — 1.6 3

Decrease. :,s State Government.

MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS, 1909-1910. State Government. 59

DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL.

T. W. Bickett, Attorney-General.

The Attorney-General is a member of the Executive Department of the State Government. He is elected by the people for a term of four years. His term begins the first of January next after his election and continues until his successor is elected and qualified. 1 1 iws a salary of $3,000 per annum.

It is the duty of the Attorney-General : 1. To defend all actions in the Supreme Court in which the State is shall be interested, or a party ; and, also, when requested by the Governor or either branch of the General Assembly, to appear for the State in any other court or tribunal in any cause or matter, civil or criminal, in which the State may be a party or interested. 2. At the request of the Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Corporation Commissioners, Insurance Commissioner, or Su- perintendent of Public Instruction, he shall prosecute and defend all suits relating to matters connected with their departments. 3. To represent all State institutions, including the State Prison, whenever requested so to do by the official head of any such institution. 4. To consult with and advise the solicitors, when requested by them, in all matters pertaining to the duties of their office. of 5. To give, when required, his opinion upon all questions law submitted to him by the General Assembly, or either branch thereof, or by any official of the State. to the 6. To pay all moneys received for debts due or penalties State immediately after the receipt thereof into the treasury. The Attorney-General is also a member of the State Board of Edu cation, of the State Board of Public Buildings and Grounds, of the State Board of Pensions, and of the State Text-book Commission, and is the legal adviser of the Council of State. 60 State Government.

THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

W. A. Graham. Commissioner.

The Constitution of the State (1876) provides for a Department of law Agriculture, Immigration and Statistics. Under this fundamental the General Assembly established the Department of Agriculture in 1S77. (Chapter 274.) Since that time, it has been fostered and enlarged by the General Assembly, and its field expanded by the enterprise, energy, and capac- a rival in ity of its corps of workers, until it stands to-day without efficiency in the South. This reputation comes from without more than from within the State. It is a condition that the administration may well be proud of, since the fact redounds to the credit not only of the Board of Agriculture and those engaged by it in the work, but of the whole State. At present, the board eonsists of ten members, one member from each Congressional District, who is appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate, for terms of six years: and of the Commis- sioner of Agriculture, who is, ex officio, a member of and chairman of the board. All members are required by law to be practical farmers. The Commissioner of Agriculture, who is chief executive officer of

the Department, was formerly elected by the Board : but the Legisla- ture of 1S99, in order to bring the Department in closer touch with as the people, especially the farmers of the State, so changed the law to make the Commissioner an elective officer. It is remarkable that, during all the changes of the years, the essential features of the original law have been retained, showing that the wise men who originated and developed the idea of a department for the betterment of the State's interests builded better than j they knew.

The Department is charged with the following : 1. Investigations relating to the improvement of agriculture, the use of commercial fertilizers and and to induce beneficial composts, j capital and labor to enter the State. 2. With investigations for the improvement of milk and beef cattle. of cattle and especially with investigations relating to the diseases other domestic animals—having power to quarantine infected animals and to regulate the transportation of stock within the State. State Government. r, 1

3. With investigations of the ravages of insects injuriously affecting market gardens, fruits, etc., and with dissemination of information essential for their abatement. 4. With investigations directed to the introduction and fostering of new agricultural industries adapted to the various soils and climate of the State.

5. With investigations relative to the subject of drainage and irri- gation, and mineral and domestic sources of fertilizer, including com- posting, etc. G. With the collection of information relating to the subjecl of farm fences, etc. 7. With the enforcement of the laws enacted for the sale of com mercial fertilizers, seeds, food products, and with authority to make regulations concerning the same. S. With the dissemination of information relative to the advantages of soil and climate, and to the natural resources and industrial opportunities offered in the State.

To these have been added :

The issuing of monthly bulletins ;

The Museum ; Fanners' Institutes;

Soil Survey ; Enforcement by regulations of

The Pure Food Law ; Concentrated Commercial Feeding-stuff Law;

Cotton-seed Meal Law ; Law regulating the statistics of leaf tobacco;

Crop-pest Commission ; Law regulating the standard-weight packages of meal and flour; or Registration and sale of condimental, patented, proprietary trade-mark stock or poultry tonics, regulators or conditioners: The inspection of illuminating oils and fluids; or Law to prevent and punish the sale of adulterated, Impure, misbranded agricultural and vegetable seed and those lacking \ i:

bility. National Go^ The propagation of fish has been undertaken by the tisli un eminent to such an extent as to render work as to migratory dam- across necessary by the Department. But the building of stone Cntaw- the rivers in the Piedmont section in many cases ootablj the (JL' Static (Joykk.n uknt. ba and Yadkin rivers— the inland movement of practically destroyed j these fish. The Department will endeavor to have investigations made as to practicability of restocking streams with varieties of local kinds of native fish. The rapid spread of the "Stock Law" over the State has rendered unnecessary any action by the Board as to fences, as this is now local. the stock law and no stock law, quar- largely A map showing | antine and free territory in the State has recently been issued. The Department is. to a considerable extent, a sub-legislature. The Legislature, in committing to its execution specified laws, confers upon the Board power to make regulations for this purpose, which are given the authority of law, and violation of them is made a misdemeanor, cognizant by the courts. The power to confer this authority has been tested in the courts and approved by decision of the Su- preme Court. The wisdom of this action is apparent to any one giving the subject consideration. If the details were enacted by thej Legislature they could only be changed by the same authority, and would have to remain as enacted for at least two years, no matter how impracticable any of them might be found in execution. While under present conditions, the Board at each session has full authority to alter existing regulations so as to answer the condition required. No body of the State's officers has more important duties to perform, nor do more efficient work in the same length of time.

DRAINAGE.

The National Department of Agriculture is now doing some work along this line in this State, with which the State Department will cooperate. VETERINARY DIVISION.

The Division of Veterinary Science is under the direction of Dr. W. G. Chrisman, whose services are devoted to giving information as to the care and feeding of farm animals, improvement of live stock, treatment of diseases, the gradual extermination of the tick, which is the source of the deadly Texas or splenic fever. The Veterinarian has two assistants in the Veterinary Division and three in Dairy Demonstration and erection of silos. Serum for vaccination of hogs to prevent the spread of cholera is manu- factured by this division. State Government. 63

cattle quarantine and eradication ok the feveb tick.

The United States and State laws concerning the eradication of tin- cattle tick are simply improvements on the act of the Legislature of 1795 concerning the driving of cattle from the oak to the long-leaf pine sections of the State, which was continued as a statute until the Revisal of 1905. The disease was called murrain or distemper, and its malignity known, but not for a century was the cause ascertained and direct effort made for cure and eradication. Starting in 1899. with the crest of the Blue Ridge as the location of the quarantine line, it has been moved east to the Roanoke River in Warren County as the northern boundary, and to the I'ee Deo in Anson as the southern boundary of the State. This quarantine line is established by the U. S. Agricultural Department. The movement of cattle is restricted to a few months each year and subject to inspections and regulations, while exempted territory is free from impedi- ments. The price of cattle in the exempted section (thai which is free of the tick) is thought to be one cent per pound live weighl over that in the quarantined sections. The value of exemption is apparent. The stock law tends to destroy the tick, and where it lias pre- vailed for several years, few ticks being found, the county is soon declared free. At the suggestion of this Department, infected counties or parts of counties have been quarantined, and the clear territory has been given the benefit of exemption.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Meetings of farmers to hear matters pertaining to their vocation discussed by scientific men and also by practical fanners, have met with great encouragement in the numbers attending and interesl in the shown in the proceedings, and the beneficial results to farming communities where the institutes are held are very evident. there Realizing that while "A good farmer without, it is needful as institutes be," 4h*t "A good housewife within is as needful he," for the benefit of the farmers' wives and daughters were introduced as in 1907. They have been well attended and have been equally as have the beneficial in the advancement of agricultural conditions in- institutes for the men; usually one joint session is held at each tute. (>4 State Govebnment.

There were over 500 institutes held this year, attended by more than 5,000 persons. No branch of the worK of the Department has been more acceptable and helpful to the State.

CHEMISTRY.

Mr. B. W. Kilgore is in charge of the Division of Chemistry, which makes analyses of fertilizer, cotton-seed meal, feed and foodstuffs, soils, minerals and marls, waters, etc. The following is the law as to deficient fertilizers (Revisal 1905, sec. 3949) : "Whenever the Commissioner of Agriculture shall be satisfied that any fertilizer is essentially below the guaranteed value in plant food, it shall be his duty to assess such deficiency against the manufacturer of the fertilizer, and require that the value of the deficiency be made good to all persons who purchased such low-grade fertilizer, and the Commissioner may seize any fertilizer belonging to such manufacturer if the deficiency shall not be paid within thirty days after notice to such manufacturer. If the Commissioner shall be satisfied that the deficiency in plant food was due to the intention or fraud of the manufacturer, then the Commissioner shall assess and collect from the manufacturer twice the amount of the deficiency and pay over the same to the parties who purchased such fertilizer. If any manufacturer shall resist such collection or payment, the Commissioner shall immediately publish the analysis and the facts in the Bulletin and in such newspapers in the State as he may deem necessary." By section 3950, it is unlawful to sell or offer for sale in this State any fertilizer or fertilizing material which contains hair, hoof meal, I horn, leather scraps or other deleterious substances not available as food for plants, but in which such forbidden materials aid in making up the required or guaranteed analysis. Mr. B. W. Kilgore also superintends experiments at the Test Farms.

SOIL SURVEY AND TEST FARMS AND FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK.

This is conducted, like the cattle quarantine, in conjunction with the U. S. Agricultural Department, the expenses being defrayed by each Department. The object is to locate the different types of soil in the State. Upon these types it is desired to locate test farms for practical and scientific purposes. Test farms have been established State Government. cr,

in Edgecombe Comity, at Willard Station in Pender County, Se- ville. Blantyre in Transylvania County, near Swannanoa in Buncombe and are County, arrangements on foot for a peanut, bright tobacco and grass and stock farm. The effort is to conduct these farms for the benefit of the crops grown in each section, first on small plats and then on a large scale, showing results of different kinds and amounts of home-made and commercial fertilizers, preparation of land, cultivation and rotation of crops and demonstration work. As it might be supposed that all children of the same parents would be exactly alike, so it might be inferred that all soils composed from decomposition of the same rocks would be identical but this is known to be true in either case.

By demonstration work on different fields in the same locality, or type of soil, the variations of each can be ascertained, and the ma- nures prepared and cultivation suitable learned. The Demonstrator of the Department, as requested or as opportunity offers, can visit localities of the State, make suggestions upon these lines, and gather statistics for promotion of the work. This bureau of tbe work is under the direction of Mr. T. B. Parker, of Wayne County, a successful, practical farmer. The Demonstrator is the Director of Farmers' Institutes. The National Department is ooing a large amount of work along this line and there is hearty cooperation between the two departments.

FOOD WORK UNDER THE STATE FOOD LAW.

The Food Law was passed by the General Assembly of 1899. It was amended in 1905 and redrafted and passed as a new act in P.miT. The law forbids the manufacture or sale of adulterated or misbranded food or beverage and charges the Department of Agriculture with its enforcement. Inspections are made throughout the State and samples collected for analyses. The samples are examined for adulteration and the results published, showing the brand name of the article and the name and address of the manufacturer. The firs! report, was pule for 1900. Since that y| lished as the Department Bulletin December, time similar reports have been published annually. Since the law went into effect examinations have been made of 4,333 of food materials. i | samples 66 State Government.

The number of .samples examined each year and the per cent of adulteration found were as follows :

1900. Samples examined, per cent adulteration, 56.0 1901. Samples examined, :;ns per cent adulteration, 35.7 1902. Samples examined, 589 per cent adulteration, 21.3 1903. Samples examined, 477 per cent adulteration, 32.1 1904. Samples examined, 347 per cent adulteration, 17.0 1905. Samples examined, 317 per cent adulteration, 42.2 1906. Samples examined, 544 per cent adulteration, 24.7 1907. Samples examined, 560 per cent adulteration, 29.S 1908. Samples examined. 684 per cent adulteration, ....

There are two classes of adulterants found in food : 1. Substances which are deleterious to health, and 2. Substances which merely render the food less valuable. is The use of the first prohibited ; the second can be used, provided their presence is made known to the purchaser. Much of the food and beverages sold in the State is in the hands of unintelligent men, who can be imposed upon by shrewd and un- scrupulous manufacturers. Owing to various complications the enforcement of the Food Law is far more difficult than one not familiar with the situation would think. The food work, so far, has been more educational than otherwise, the object Deing to show the venders the requirements of the law and to expose adulterated goods by publicity, which usually corrects the wrong or drives the goods from the market. There have been several convictions in the courts of violation of the law, and several hundred dollars have been paid in fines to the school fund of the county where the case was tried.

FEED INSPECTION.

The Legislature of 1903 passed a law regulating the sale and adulteration of feeds in North Carolina. This law was amended in 1905, and is similar to the Fertilizer Law. It has for its object that all feeds sold in North Carolina shall be pure and unadulterated. It requires the Commissioner of Agriculture to employ Feed Inspec- tors, whose duty it is to visit the different towns in the State, see ' State Government. ,•- that the law is with as to complied the branding of bags, weighl of bags, and to take samples of all feeds. These samples are examined in the towns in microscopically which they are found, and if adulter- are ated immediately withdrawn from sale. All samples collected are analyzed by the State Chemist, and the results, along with such additional information as circumstances may advise, are published in the Bulletins of the Department of Agri- culture.

In the there are four main in enforcing law, objects view : 1. To stop the sale of adulterated feeds in North Carolina. 2. To educate the consumers to buy feed according to the analyses on the bags, just as he buys his fertilizer by an analysis. 3. To teach the dairymen and farmers the best way to combine their home-grown feeds with those they are compelled to buy to gel the greatest benefit from the amount consumed. 4. To stimulate a desire on the part of the consumers for better feeds. There is now a case on the docket in Cumberland County to have the constitutionality of this act determined by the Supreme Courl of the State. ENTOMOLOGY.

The work of this Division includes the inspection of fruit trees, which are not allowed to be sold in this State unless declared free from disease. Experts are sent to examine all nurseries for insect pests, and many commercial orchards are inspected. Directions are furnished for preparation of material for spraying, and for its appli cation. The San Jose scale is being controlled in many places, and further damage prevented by directions sent from this office. Other insect pests and diseases have been prevented or cured, and much valuable information given the people of the State on matters pertaining to insects of all kinds. This Division is under the direction of Mr. Franklin Sherman, Jr.. a thorough and enthusiastic worker.

HORTICULTUKK.

Mr. W. N. Hutt supervises this Division. lis work is devoted t" promoting the interests of trucking, the home and inarkel garden, the also the culture, preservation and marketing the fruits of State, G8 State Govebnment.

The test farm in Pender County is used in connection with the trucking interests of the eastern part of the State. On this farm, $1,500 was realized from the sale of the lettuce raised on one and one-fourth acres of land. The Blantyre farm in Transylvania County will be used largely to illustrate the culture, harvesting and marketing of fruit and the prevention and cure of diseases of fruit trees, and for demonstration in reforestation. Mr. Hutt has recently held in the apple section a short series of institutes to illustrate the proper packing of fruit for shipment. In- stitutes on pruning, spraying, etc., were held in proper season.

THE BULLETIN.

The Bulletin is issued monthly, each month being devoted to a particular subject. Its value seems to be appreciated both within and without the State, as is attested by its continually increasing mailing list, which is now nearly 35,000, an increase of 8,000 in four years. Besides the regular monthly Bulletin, special papers are issu'ed when deemed of enough importance to justify the expense.

THE MUSEUM.

The State Geologist had, since the establishment of his Department in 1850, collected specimens of different kinds, principally of minerals, representing the natural resources of the State. In 1S79. the care of the Museum and expense of maintenance were transferred to the Department of Agriculture. A building has been erected for its occupancy, and its contents increased manifold. It is now by far the most extensive in its contents of anything of its nature south of Philadelphia, save the National Museum at Washington, D. C. To it, more than any other source, is attributable the fine displays the State has made at International, National and State Expositions. It is the State's object lesson, representing its resources in agriculture, timber, minerals, fishes, birds, game animals and flora and fauna in general. It is under the efficient management of Mr. H. H. Brimley as Cura- tor, who has ably filled the position for fifteen years, and added much in value and number to the contents. State Government. gg

articles affected As by time become undesirable they are replaced. The idea is to keep the Museum constantly growing, with no cha for stagnation. HALL OF HISTORY.

The Hall of History, so important a feature of the greal State Mu- seum, was begun in 1903, and in the time which has intervened, a collection of objects illustrating every period of the life of North Carolina, as Province, Colony and State, has been so rapid thai number of objects considerably exceeds 5,000. The collection is particularly rich in objects of the Colonial and Revolutionary periods and that of the Civil War. The Director has made several journeys in the" State, all resulting in marked additions to the collection. The gifts, in the way of paintings, photographs, etc.. alreadj exceed $1,500 in value. Many lectures have been delivered each year in the Hall of History, and this object lesson, the finest in the South, has proved a great stimulus to historical research and popular interesl in the history of North Carolina. The collection has been made by and is in charge of Col. F. A. Olds, as Director, and the objects therein are either gifts or loans. Any persons having possession of, or knowing of the location of objects which have a bearing upon North Carolina history in any way, arc particularly requested to in- form the Director of this fact, as objects are thoroughly protected against injury by moths or other insects and are set before the public in the most attractive way.

IMMIGRATION.

The Legislature in 1909 repealed the act of L907 concerning Immi gration. There are now no agents of the State employed in fore countries; a few young men come from Scotland each year, and s< land and immigration companies bring some people to the State each

it year, but no report is made to the Departmenl : however, cooper- ates with them as far as practicable. The Department has no lands of the Stale for sale and can make no contracts, warrant titles, or do any work of like nature. It can only put parties desiring' to purchase property in the Stale in communication with citizens who have property to sell, and leave them to perfect sales, if it is found desirable. 70 State Government.

sales of leaf tobacco.

Chapter 97, Laws 1907, requires the Department to preserve a record of the leaf tobacco sold on the floors of the warehouses of the State, and publish it monthly. Each warehouse is required to furnish an account of its sales, and is guilty of a misdemeanor for failure.

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND PRINTING.

M. L. Shipman, Commissioner.

The duties of the Department of Labor and Printing have increased to such an extent and cover such a multitude of details that it would be impracticable to undertake to outline them and their different phases and relations in an article of the length this is intended to be. Established by the Legislature of 1887 as the "Bureau of Labor Statistics," it has continually held to the high ideals set for it as a chronicler of industrial conditions, and has furnished, from time to time, the ideas of the persons most immediately concerned on questions vitally affecting labor and laborers, as well as employment and employers, in succinct and usable form. When the duty of the supervision of the State's printing was placed upon it. the same high standard was set. and through its able handling of this distinct duty the public printing has reached a stage of excellence equaled by few commonwealths, and at an economy of price beyond the approach of any other State with anything like so high a standard of quality. Were the proportions of the work required to be done and the breadth of ground necessary to be covered in both of the lines touched upon as well known as they should be, no explanation of its scope and no recapiUilation of its purposes would need to be gone into here. Its reports are the chief medium through which the world at large keeps track of the wonderful industrial and manufacturing enterprise that is so great matter of pride in the State. Its statistics— painstaking, thorough and discriminating—present each year a record that is expressed in terms of cold figures, but is nevertheless the most eloquent commentary that can be read by patriotic North Carolinians, State Government. 71

The tables condensing the condition of manufacturing enterprise, that show the widespread activity in every character of industry, thai set forth from every section of the State the opportunities for inv< ment of capital and the future awaiting the home-seeker and wage- earner are beyond computation of value, both as advertising the possibilities of the State abroad and as a means of self-knowledge al home. The value of a comprehensive report, therefore, of the numbers, the size and output of every mill and factory, which calls attention to the improved condition of labor and points the need for workers, which gives in detail the yet latent possibilities of a rich land, cannot fail to be of incalculable benefit. Comparison of the Annual Report of this Department with similar publications of other States best illustrates the breadth and value of the former, and shows a carefulness of detail not attempted by any other state. The handling of the public printing has been brought down to the point where figures as to specifications and cost may be given before or after performance, which information serves well where economy enters as largely into any proposition as it does into the public printing. Changes in practice are made as often as it is found that improvement can be made, and the policy of the office at the present time makes impossible any of the abuses obtaining under the arrangement in force prior to the placing of the public printing under the Department's charge. Before a single item of printing expense is paid for by the State the account of the printer is examined, accompanied by an inspection of the work itself, by a man who himself knows the printing busi- State to fll ness. Every pound of paper purchased is bought by the the of the the particular need and is subject to the decision of expert Department, himself, according to the provisions of the act. a ••prac- on tical printer." The eye of the Department is constantly every f administration. detail of this large, growing and complex fundi The work of the Department of Labor and Printing is necessarily of thousi done away from the public eye. The watchful auditing of dol- of dollars of accounts, the economical purchase of thousands of Industrial lars of supplies, the skillful exposition and appraisement of value and the facts is not spectacular labor, but a work the bighesl of a wise largest returns. The Department is the agency government 72 State Government. to supervise practically and intelligently an important phase of its administration and to record and give impetus to the industrial, educational and moral advancement of the State. Its officers invite inquiries on any phase of either line" of its activities. The following have been Commissioners: Wesley N. Jones. 1887- 1889; John C. Scarborough, 1889-1893; Benjamin R. Lacy, L893-1897; James Y. Hamrick, 1897-1899; Benjamin It. Lacy. 1899-1901; Henry B. Varner. 1901-190S; M. L. Shipman, 1909.

THE DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE.

James B. Young, Commissioner.

Prior to 1S!)9 the supervision of insurance companies of North Caro- lina was in the bauds of the Secretary of State, who received certain lees and was allowed $1,000 for clerical help. The Legislature of L899 created the Insurance Department and placed the present Com- missioner in charge of it. The insurance laws as set forth in the Revisal of 1905, with amendments therein, are looked upon as the best code of insurance laws of any Southern State and are certainly admirably adapted to the conditions prevailing in this section. As revenue producers the law and Department are a success, and while the benefits accruing from a proper supervision of insurance companies in the State cannot be measured in dollars and cents, they are, in the opinion of those in a position to know, of much more value to the State and her citizens than the revenue collected. The duties required of the Insurance Commissioner are as important and involve as much work and responsibility as those of any other department in the State Government. In addition to this, the Insurance Commissioner is taken from his office about one-third of the time by official duties. The work of the Department calls for as much clerical ability and labor as the work of any other department. No part of the work should be neglected, and it is increasing every year, and becomes of more and more value to the State and her citizens. The efficiency of the Department can only be kept up by allowing sufficient clerical force, and this will call for such help as is com- State Government. 73

mensurate with, and demanded by, the development and rapid increase of the work of the Department. The Commissioner should be

relieved, as far as possible, of clerical work. He is worth -e to the State in discharging the other duties of his office. Under the law it is made the duty of the Commissioner to collect all licenses, taxes and fees due the State by any company or associa: tion under the supervision of his Department. The Secretary of State paid into the State Treasury in LS98, $84,- 879.28, and this was the largest amount ever reported for any one year prior to the creation of the Department. The amounts collected since by the Insurance Commissioner and

paid into the State Treasury are :

For year 1899 $ 92,865.2] For year 1900 91,< >77.92 For year 1901 L32,034.03 For year 1902 L53.667.12

For year 1903 L74,633.6l 1 For year 1904 L97, W2.28 For year 1905 205,124.07 For year 1906 215,330.89 For year 1907 224,680.23 For year 1908 234,469.63 For year 1909 246,566.89

Total $1,967,851.87

from The above figures do not include the special amounts collected insurance companies for the publication of their statements and the and investigation of fires. These are special funds, and are collected must be used only for the special objects named. The investigation of the of incendiary fires in the State is paid out of a fund collected one cent. fire insurance companies and does not cost the State and The Commissioner is paid a salary of $3,500 per annum be used for this pur allowed $6,900 for clerical help, which can only the Commissioner pose. During seven years of the Department of fees for- collected and paid to the State Treasurer, of Hie class 74 State Government. m'erly allowed the Secretary of State for his services in this behalf as follows :

For year 1890 $ 9,184.00 For year 1900 5,731.50 For year 1901 10,732.50 For year 1902 11,168.50 For year 1903 13,240.00 For year 1904 16,476.50 For year 1905 16,750.50

Total $83,283.50

The salary of the Commissioner during these years was $2,000 per annum. So it will be seen that, taking off the salary allowed the Commissioner for seven years, there is left a balance of $69,283.50 saved to the State out of the class of fees formerly allowed the Sec- retary of State as his salary for looking after insurance companies. The Legislature of 1907, seeing the necessity of additional clerical force to do the increased work in the Department, increased the force by adding an actuary, a bookkeeper and a license clerk, and placed all the clerks in the Department upon a salary. These salaries amount to $0,1)00 annually. The same class of fees referred to above amounted in the year 1900 to $18,006.80; in 1907 to $19,166.60; in 190S to $23,493.90; in 1909 to $25,322.32, making a total of $S5.989.02, showing, after taking off the salary of the Commissioner, even with the increase of the number of employees made necessary by the growth of the Department, that the amount of fees collected as above and paid into the State Treasury amount to about four times us much as these salaries in the Department. The money now collected and paid into the State Treasury of this class of fees amounts annually to over twice the whole cost of the Department. One great benefit that has accrued from the North Carolina insurance laws and the work of the Department has been the organization of home insurance companies and the placing of considerable insurance in them, thus keeping at home much of home money spent for insurance. In 1899 there were only six home lire companies doing business in the State. They wrote only 10 per cent of the risks and received State Government. 7.",

$123,471.26, or 12 per cent of the premiums, while in L909 there were 20 home companies which wrote $142,584,653.64 of the fire risks, and received therefor $2,326,075.02. It further appears thai our borne companies iu 1900 not only received 22% per cent —over one-fifth <>f all fire premiums for insurance, written in the State, but received premiums for insurance on property outside of the State $1,460,910.30. In 1899 there was only one home life insurance company (and thai an assessment one) doing business in North Carolina, with $479.35 in assets. In 1909 there were, including assessment, twenty-live home life companies. The five legal reserve companies reported in assets $3,342,918.50. The reports of the five North Carolina home legal reserve life companies show as their receipts during 1909, $1,532,- 388.59, and as risks at the end of the year in insurance $36,117,030. It is worthy of note that while there have been startling disclosures as to contributions by life insurance companies to political campaign funds and other graft or fraud, none has been perpetrated by the life companies domiciled in North Carolina. The insurance conditions in the State are very gratifying, and promise much In the future in aiding the industrial progress and upbuilding of the State. The Legislature of 1905 placed all building and loan associations under the supervision of the Insurance Commissioner. There were then forty-three associations doing business in the State. There are now over 100 associations working in the State and no class of corporations is doing more in building up our cities and towns and providing homes for our citizens, especially the working classes. The own- ership of homes is very conducive to good citizenship and progress. At the close of business in 1909 ninety-nine associations reported in to build or for homes assets i $6,802,554.64, and as loaned out pay $6,601,741.69. The Insurance Commissioner represents the State in all Its deal- ings with insurance companies, associations and orders. Be musl and decide pass upon applications of companies under his Department whether to license them and then supervise them and see thai they comply with the law and treat the citizens of the State righl or revoke their licenses to do business in the State. He must collect all licenses and taxes due the State by companies and associations under his Department. all He must collect reports of all fires in the Stat.' and investigate Incendiarism suspicious ones and have all persons suspected of prose 76 State Government.

cuted whore the evidence justifies it % One hundred and twenty-one persons have been convicted under this law since it was passed and served their sentences in prisons. He must see that the laws regulating the erection and inspection of buildings are observed. Better buildings mean fewer fires and lower fire insurance rates. Seventy-five thousand dollars annually is now saved in fire premiums by this law. lie must look into all violations of the fire-insurance law and hear all complaints made by the citizens of the State against companies under his supervision and see that the citizen is protected in his rights. He must keep all State property insured as provided by law, and annually inspect all State institutions and buildings, with a view to the protection from lire of them and their inmates. Since the formation of this Department in 1899 and the adoption of the present insurance laws there has been a gradual but decided improvement in the insurance conditions of the State. Better prac- tices prevail and there is less friction between the people and this class of corporations. Contracts have been improved and rates reduced, and will, no doubt, be still further reduced under the present insurance laws and their strict enforcement, although the citizens of the State are now paying over .$225,000 annually for their fire insurance less than they would pay at the rates prevailing in any other Southern State. Any further information about the Department will be furnished upon application to the Commissioner.

NORTH CAROLINA CORPORATION COMMISSION.

A. J. Maxwell. Cleric.

The North Carolina Corporation Commission was established by an act of the General Assembly of 1800, superseding the Railroad Com- mission, which was established in 1891. The offices of the Commis- sion are located in the Agricultural Building at Raleigh. The Commission has general supervision over all railroad, telegraph, telephone, street railway, steamboat, canal, water-works, and all other companies exercising the right of eminent domain. State Government. 77

It is authorized to hear and adjust complaints, to fix and r< tariffs of all railroads and all other transportation companies. The Commission is a Board of Appraisers and Assessors for all the railroads and other corporations mentioned above. The Commission is also a State Tax Commission, having and exercising general supervision over the tax-listers and assessing officers of the State.

In 1S99 the Commission was given supervision of all Stale hanks. Since that time there have been only two failures of State banks in which creditors lost anything, and in these two the losses were small. State banks have increased in number during the last ten years from 91 to 350, with a corresponding increase in resources. The Commis- sion has authority to appoint Bank Examiners, whose duties are to examine the various banks of the State and report to the Commis- sion. COMPLAINTS.

The Commission has heard 3.712 complaints. These complaints consist principally of overcharges, discriminations, freighl service, failure of railroad companies to provide cars for transporting freights, storage charges, petitions for depots and sidings. The Commission is authorized to make rules for the handling of freight, and to require the building of depots, etc. When the complaint is Hied, the attention of the company com- is called to cause and if plained against the of the complaint ; the matter be such that cannot be settled by correspondence alone, the officers of the company complained against are cited to appear. In a large majority of cases these claims are amicably settled to the entire satisfaction of the parties concerned and withoul cosl to the com- plainant; others have, however, required hearings. The records of the Commission show that many complaints and claims, aggregating thousands of dollars, have been paid to shippers. Union and other stations have been established all along the various lines of railroads.

CORRESPONDKM i:.

The correspondence of the office has been voluminous many inquiries touching taxation and matters pertaining to corporations, etc. Shippers have found that by applying to this office they can !»• ad vised of the proper freight rates and of the rules governing the trans 78 State Govebnment. portation of freight to and from all points, and they are taking advantage of the opportunity. Much correspondence is necessary in the preparation of cases and the gathering of such statistics as are contemplated by law. All of this involves a vast amount of labor and correspondence. The records of the office show that there were 3S,894 letters written and mailed from the office for the past year alone.

ASSESSMENT AND VALUATION OF RAILROAD, TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE AND STREET RAILWAY PROPERTY BY THE CORPORATION COMMISSION.

In the year 1900—the year after the Commission was established— the railroad properties of the State were valued at $12,321,704; in the year 1910 the Commission assessed and valued the properties of railroads and other corporations as mentioned below at $95,444,707.

The valuations are as follows : State Government.

ASSESSMENT AND VALUATION OF RAILROAD, TELEGRAPH, TELE- PHONE AND STREET RAILWAY PROPERTY . RECAPITULATION.

Mileage. Companies. Total Main \ aluation. Sidings. Line.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad 947.83 275 65 $ 28,43t,!HHl > Seaboard Air Line Railway 616.71 1st 93 lL ..-,0lt,IM>U Southern —owned lines Railway— 590.06 139.33 ir.7Di.soo Southern Railway leased lines 773.21 185 52 16,371,401 Miscellaneous railroads . 1,526.50 194.10 — 11,90 Total railroads. 4,454.31 979.59 86,916,355

Electric light and gas companies. i UK Bridge and canal companies 176 Refrigerator companies Steamboat companies Flume companies Turnpike companies 13,025 Telephone companies 1,790,017 Street railway companies 2,035 Waterworks companies 526, 794 Southern Express Company 119,099 Pullman Company 258 Telegraph companies 922

Total. 8,528

Grand total. 95,444,707 80 State Government.

THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL COMMISSION.

R. D. W. Connor, Secretary, Raleigh, N. C.

The North Carolina Historical Commission was created by an act of the Legislature of 1003. It consists of five members appointed by the Governor for terms of six years. They receive no salary, or per (lion, but are allowed their actual expenses when attending to their official duties. The offices of the Commission are in the State Capitol. The duties of the Commission are as follows:

1. To have collected from the files of old newspapers, court records, church records, private collections and elsewhere, historical data per- included taining to the history of North Carolina and the territory therein from the earliest times. State 2. To have such material properly edited, published by the Printer as other State printing, and distributed under the direction of the Commission. of 3. To care for the proper marking and preservation battle-fields, houses, and other places celebrated in the history of the State. resources 4. To diffuse knowledge in reference to the history and of North Carolina. in the 5. To encourage the study of the history of North Carolina schools of the State, and to stimulate and encourage historical investigation and research among the people of the State. its 6. To make a biennial report of its receipts and disbursements, work and needs, to the Governor, to be by him transmitted to the General Assembly. The powers of the Commission are as follows : 1. To adopt a seal for use in official business. inconsistent with the 2. To adopt rules for its own government not provisions of the law. to the 3. To fix a reasonable price for its publications and devote the revenue arising from such sales to extending the work of Com- mission. 4. To employ a secretary. be 5. To control the expenditure of such funds as may appropriated for its maintenance. State Government. m

general summary.

Following is a general summary of the work of the Historical Com- mission for the biennial period, December 1, 1908—November 30, 1910. 1. The Commission saved from destruction, classified and Sled 14,754 letters and other documents of the Executive Department, be- with the administration of ginning Governor Caswell. 1777. and i ing with that of Governor Vance, 1879. 2. It added to the collections of the State ten collections of manuscripts numbering S,7SS, and including the letters ami papers Z. Senator B. Vance, Judge James Iredell, Gov. James [redell, Gen. Bryan Grimes, Mrs. Cornelia P. Spencer, Gov. D. L. Swain, and E. J. Hale. 3. It had a large number of these manuscripts copied preparatory to publication. 4. It issued ten publications, besides seven leaflets in which were reprinted historical sources for use in teaching North Carolina history in the public schools. 5. It procured for the State marble busts of William A. Graham and Matt. W. Ransom. G. It obtained through the gift of the Italian Government a replica of Canova's statue of Washington, made in 1S20 and destroyed in 1831. 7. It assisted a large number of students in their investigations into North Carolina history, and gave information about the history of the State wherever it was possible, and has encouraged in many ways the study of our history in the schools of the State.

MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL COMMISSION.

W. J. Peele 1903 J. D. Hufham 1903-1905.

F. A. Sondley 19 >3- 1 905. Richard Dillard 1903 1905. R. D. W. Connor 1903-1907. Charles L. Raper 1905 1907. Thomas W. Blount 19 ."- J. Bryan Grimes 1905 M. C. S. Noble 1907 D. H. Hill 1!»<>7-

SECRETARY. R. D. W. Connor 1903 6 82 State Government.

THE STATE LIBRARY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Miles ( >. Siikiikii.l, Librarian.

The Library has become an agency of great importance in the educational development of North Carolina. The educational movement of recent years has awakened great interest in library work, and our people realize now more forcibly than ever before the value of this work. The patronage of the State Library by students in our schools and colleges and by the general public within the past two years has shown a marked growth and an increasing realization of the place of the Library in educational work. Not a day passes that students are not found in the Library, at work investigating various subjects connected with the history, industries, and general life of North Caro- lina, or with the great problems of the Nation, and of the world. This patronage is not confined to any particular school or race. It comes from the schools and colleges of Raleigh, of the State at large, from universities such as Johns Hopkins, Columbia, Harvard, and from students who are not connected with educational institutions at all. The practical politician studying modern problems comes along with the historian whose researches are among records centuries old. To meet all these various needs, the Trustees are directing their efforts to the building up of a great reference library. No works of fiction, unless they be by North Carolina authors, or portray North Carolina life, are purchased. The meager appropriation is better expended, in the judgment of the Trustees, in the purchase of works of reference, history, biographies, treatises on problems of modern life, etc., etc. All works written by or about North Carolinians, or about North Carolina, are purchased. The North Carolina collection now forms one of the most interesting and valuable features of the Library. Another peculiarly valuable feature of the Library is the collection of bound newspapers. This now contains 2,535 volumes. There is no other such collection of North Carolina newspapers in existence.

Ranging in unbroken files from 1791 to date, they contain the history i of the State during the most important periods of her existence. The property which the State owns in her State Library is valuable beyond all pecuniary estimate. Once destroyed, it could never be replaced. The two most pressing needs at present are more room and State Government. 53

a safer depository. Both could be supplied by the erection of a fireproof library building—a step dictated by the plainest demands of economy and patriotism. SUMMARY.

Total number of volumes in Library 40,008 Total number of Government books 5,609 Total number of bound newspapers 2,535 Total number of bound magazines 1,344

NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY COMMISSION.

Minnie W. Leatherman, Secretary.

The North Carolina Library Commission was created by the General Assembly of 1000 and active work was begun September 15th of the same year. The Commission consists of live members, two of whom are appointed by the North Carolina Library Association and one by the Governor; the State Librarian and the Superintendent of Public Instruction complete the membership. The Commission aids in organizing new libraries and in improving those already organized; it gives assistance and advice to all libraries in the State and to all communities which may propose to establish libraries, as to the selection of books, cataloguing, maintenance, and

other details of library management ; and it maintains a periodical exchange and a clearing-house for State reports. The CommissioD authorized to establish and maintain a system of traveling librai but owing to lack of funds this work has not been undertaken.

Instruction.—In addition to the instruction given in the « '< unm is- sion's office and on personal visits, the Commission conducts a suni- mer school for library training as a regular department of the l'ni- versity of North Carolina Summer School and in connection with the University Library. The course covers a period of six weeks and consists of special lectures on books as tools and on the use of ,1 of library for the general students of the summer scl 1. and technical instruction in classification, cataloguing, book selection ami buy ing, reference work. etc.. for librarians and for teachers who are in charge of school libraries. g I State Government.

The North Carolina Library Bulletin, issued quarterly, is published for the beuefit of librarians, trustees, and all interested in library extension work. Other library literature, including the A. L. A. handbooks on Essentials in Library Administration and Why Do We Need a Public Library, is distributed as occasion arises.

Periodical Exchange.—The periodical file, containing the lists of magazines which the various libraries have for sale or exchange and of those which they wish to procure, enables the Commission to notify the librarians when the wants or duplicates of one library are matched by those of another. Terms and details are arranged by the libraries making the exchange and the magazines are sent direct from one library to another. The part of the Commission in the transaction is merely to serve as a bureau of information. State Reports.—The Commission has established a clearing-house for the reports issued by State officers. Until this was done there had never been a center to which surplus reports of the various departments could be sent and to which requests from students and libraries both within and without the State could be referred. School Libraries.—The development of school libraries is a special feature of the work of the North Carolina Library Commission. Ill has established a close connection with the schools by giving advice on the care and use of school libraries, assistance in starting the necessary records, and help in the selection and purchase of books. A bulletin on school libraries, prepared by the Secretary of the Com- mission, has been published and distributed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction to all schools in the State. Other literature on the subject is distributed by the Commission, and talks are given at teachers' meetings to arouse the interest of superintendents and teachers in building up good school libraries. A special effort is made to bring the public schools and the public libraries into close cooperation. The summer school affords an excellent opportunity for emphasizing the importance of such cooperation. Members of the Commission: Louis R. Wilson, chairman: Mrs. Sol Weil, vice-chairman: Dr. Charles Lee Smith, treasurer; J. Y. Joyner, Miles O. Sherrill. Executive officer. Minnie L. Leatherman, secretary. Raleigh. N. C. State Government. v.-,

THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.

W. S. Rankin, Secretary and Treasurer, Raleigh, V. c.

The personnel of the State Board of Health consists of nine members; of these, five are appointed by the Governor and four are elected by the State Medical Society. Members of the Board serve six years. The appointment and election of members, as authorized in the original act. is such that not more than four are elected and appointed during any biennial period. The nine members of the present Board are: G. G. Thomas. M.D.. president. Wilmington; Thomas E. Anderson. M.D., Statesville; J.

Howell Way, M.D., Waynesville ; W. O. Spencer. M.D., Winston-

I Salem: Edward C. Register. M.D., Charlotte; David T. Tayloe, M.D., Washington: J. E. Ashcraft, M.D.. Monroe: J. L. Ludlow. C.E., Winston-Salem, and Richard H. Lewis. M.D., Raleigh. W. S. Rankin, of Raleigh, the State Health Officer, is Secretary and Treasurer of the Board and also State Registrar. Dr. John A. Ferrell, of Raleigh, is Assistant Secretary for the Eradication of Hookworm Disease. Dr. Ferrell was elected by the Board of Health, but is paid by the Rocke- feller Sanitary Commission. Dr. C. A. Julian, of Thomasville, is Assistant Secretary for Tuberculosis. Dr. C. A. Shore, Raleigh, is Director of the State Laboratory of Hygiene. The general scope and function of the State Board of Health is advisory and executive. The advisory function of the Board is set forth in section "• of chapter 214. Laws of 1S93. as amended by the General Assembly of

1901. which is as follows : "That the North Carolina Board of Health shall lake cognizance of the health interests of the people of the State, shall make sanitary investigations and inquiries in respect to the people, employing experts when necessary; shall investigate the cause of diseases dangerous to the public health, especially epidemics, the sources of mor tality, the effect of locations, employments, and conditions ni"'ii the public health. They shall gather such information upon all tin matters for distribution among the people, with the special purr* of informing them about preventable disoas.s. They shall he the medical advisers of the State, and are hereby especially provided for, and shall advise the Government in regard t<> the location, sanitary S6 State Government. construction, and management of State institutions and shall direct the attention of the State to such sanitary matters as in their judgment affect the industries, prosperity, health and lives of the people of the State. They shall make an inspection once each year, and at such other times as they may be requested to do so by the State Board of Charities, of all public State institutions, including all convict camps under the control of the State Penitentiary, and make a report as to their sanitary condition, with suggestions and recommendations to their respective boards of directors and trustees it ; and shall be the duty of the officials in immediate charge of said institutions to furnish all facilities necessary for a thorough inspection. The Secretary of the Board shall make biennially to the General Assembly, through the Governor, a report of their work." The executive power of the Board, consistent with that fundamental principle of democratic government—home rule— is exercised, with one important exception, only over public health conditions that are not confined within the boundary of counties, and. therefore, not subject to county control. The reasons for this are perfectly clear. The only available water supply of a town may be taken from a river that flows through another county, before reaching the one in which the town supplied is located. Under such conditions, the necessary, just, and only protection of the purity of this water supply must be furnished by the State. Take the law requiring the registration of deaths : If each county had its own system of death registration there would be no uniformity, and. for comparison (and this is the only value of statistics) the records would be almost worthless.

The State must conti'ol the administration of this law if it is to be i worth anything. The sanitary conditions of State institutions that care for the afflicted and criminal, not of one county, but the entire State, should be. as they are. under State control. The important exception, above noted, is in the enforcement of quarantine. Under the present laws ( sections 450S and 4509, Revisal 1905) quarantine is entirely within the jurisdiction of county and municipal health officers. An ignorant, obstinate, or indifferent local health officer may neglect or refuse to quarantine or disinfect, until an epidemic in this county spreads and involves other contiguous and even distant countries. In this way it is in the power of a board of county commissioners to permit their county to become a State Government. sy

for the of hotbed dissemination disease, a public nuisance, and an expensive neighbor to sister counties, and even other States. When the the epidemic spreads beyond county borders in which it origin; and begins to involve other comities, it passes from an intra into an intercounty concern, and should, therefore, cease to be within the of jurisdiction the county, and at that time come within the jurisdic of State. in tion the But. cases of this kind, the State may be ap- pealed to in vain by the surrounding counties for protection from con- tagion, as was actually the case in a number of instances during the smallpox epidemic of 1909 and 1910. It is hoped that the General Assembly of 1911 will amend the present law in such a way as to give the State jurisdiction in epidemics where the local health officers either neglect or refuse to enforce the proper quarantine regulations. The most important legislation of the General Assembly of 1909 was an increase of the annua] appropriation for the use of the Board from $2,000 to $0,000. With this increased appropriation, the Board was authorized to secure a secretary for his entire time at a salary not to exceed $3,000. This made it necessary for the secretary, Dr. Richard H. Lewis, who was chiefly instrumental in securing the pas

' » sage of this bill, to resign from the office of secretary, as he could i i t afford to surrender his practice: And thus characteristically culmi- nated, in this act of official self-sacrifice, the seventeen years of efficient and patriotic service of Richard II. Lewis to the State's greatesl resource, the health and life of her people. Dr. Lewis, in public health work, was a pioneer, blazing the trail through sanitary ignorance and superstition, along which the educational and public health influences of to-day will do wisely to direct the coming generation to a healthier, happier, and more efficient life. The present secretary entered upon his official duties July 1. L909. With the larger appropriation, the general course outlined by his predecessor, and authorized in the present health laws, has been ex banded. This work has necessarily been principally of an educational nature. The State Board of Health Bulletin has had its circulation increased from 3,000 to 18,000. During the last four months, new requests for the Bulletin have averaged 35 per day. The Bulletin now reaches all the lawyers, preachers, doctors, and u.ono of the 10, sol I teach- ss State Government.

• is. and many others in the State. The press of the State has been most cordial in its cooperation with the State Board of Health, and through it much public health literature has found its way into the homes of our people. A number of epidemics have been investigated; the laws passed by the General Assembly of 1909 for better protection of the public water supplies, for the registration of deaths, and for the distribution of diphtheria antitoxin have been carefully enforced. The general increase in the work of the Board is indicated in the increased amount of correspondence; during 1900 about 1.000 letters were written ; during 1910. about 8.000. The State Laboratory of Hygiene under the aide direction of Dr. ('. A. Shore, is certainly one of the best laboratories of its kind in the South. This estimate of the laboratory is rapidly finding its way to the profession of the State, and their demand for its valuable assistance is rapidly growing. During the last year the work of this laboratory has increased about TO per cent. From June 1. 1909. to June 1, 1010, 3,948 specimens were examined in this laboratory. Pas- teur treatment has been successfully applied in 181 cases. Dr. Shore has never lost a single case from hydrophobia that has taken his treatment. This is an extraordinary record. In March, 1909. the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission elected Dr. John A. the nominee of the State Board of as Perrell, Health, the I Assistant Secretary of the Board to take charge of a campaign for the eradication of hookworm disease. This was a most fortunate selection. Dr. Ferrell. through three well-chosen field agents, has carried on a vigorous educational campaign against this wide-spread disease. This has been done through special literature, press cooperation, and lectures. To date, over 4.000 people have been examined for hook- i worm. 42 per cent have been found infected, and in all probability there have been treated and cured somewhere near S.00O victims of this disease within the last six months. Notwithstanding what has been accomplished, the work has just begun. The field of public health is extensive; many are dying of preventable diseases because of sanitary ignorance. General educational work is the remedy. Our State is the fourteenth in population, twenty-first in wealth, thirty-first in total public health appropriation, and thirty-seventh in per capita public health appropriation. With the present appropriation the per capita tax in North State Government. 89

Carolina for health is about % of a cent. There is urgent need for North Carolina to take her place in the list of progressive States in this as in other to things, and increase her appropriation to .it leasl $25,000 annually. It is hoped that the present General Assembly will realize the claim of this fundamental and universal problem to their attention, and make adequate provision- for saving the State's greatest asset—the racial stock itself.

BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Miss Daisy Denson, Secretary, Raleigh.

State Constitution. Article XI. sec. 7: "Beneficent provision for the poor, unfortunate and orphan being one of the first duties of .! civilized and Christian State, the General Assembly shall, ;it lis firs! session, appoint and define the duties of a Board of Public Charities, to whom shall be intrusted the supervision of all charitable and penal institutions, and who shall annually report to the Governor upon their condition, with suggestions for their improvement." Sec. 391G, Revisal of 1905: "This Board shall, besides their own observation, avail themselves of correspondence ami exchange of tacts of the labors of others in these departments, and thus lie able to afford the General Assembly data to guide them in future legislation for the amelioration of the condition of the people, as well as to con- tribute to enlighten public opinion and direct ii to interests so vital to the prosperity of the State." The Board of Public Charities is an advisory board withoul executive power, but its duties are responsible and comprehensive. It has the right to inspect and report upon the management of State, charitable and penal institutions, including access to all por- tions of the premises, and the right to examine .all books and papers: to visit and inspect county and municipal institutions, jails, camps, and Homes in the same manner and to 11k- same extent as the State institutions. It must visit, inspect and issue license to private bos pitals established for the care of insane, inebriates, and feeble minded, It has and can prescribe rules and regulations for licensed hospitals. the right to require reports from officials in charge of all charitable and penal institutions, both State and county. 90 State Government.

The inspections of the State institutions are made personally by the members of the Board. Local boards of visitors (volunteer workers) have been organized in the counties by the Board, who inspect the county institutions and make semi-annual reports. These local boards cannot be too highly praised for the noble work which they have accomplished in many of the counties, bettering the condition of the unfortunates. Printed circulars indicating the information desired are mailed to all Boards of County Commissioners annually, and to boards of visitors semi-annually. Questions are sent to all State institutions annually and to licensed private hospitals twice a year. Also, through cour- tesy, the private orphanages, hospitals and miscellaneous charitable bodies of the State report upon blanks sent out from the office of the Board. The Board should be the center of charitable activity of the State. Whenever opportunity offers, the members of the Board and the Secretary visit county and private institutions. An annual report is made to the Governor, and a biennial report, which the Board "shall print." is made to the General Assembly. These reports contain in detail the proceedings of this Board, the reports of the institutions, and recommendations for changes or improvements. In addition, the Secretary makes a monthly report to the Chairman, and a quarterly report to the Board at their regular meetings.

It is charged with the duty of collecting, collating, and publishing such facts as may conduce to a correct judgment of the needs of the several institutions. Another important duty is "to avail themselves of correspondence and exchange of facts of the labors of others in these departments." With this end in view, a systematic exchange of reports with other States and countries has been maintained. The library of philan- thropic books and pamphlets, numbering over 1.500. has not cost the State a cent. For the same reason members of the Board and the Secretary have affiliated with the National Conference of Charities and Correction and the American Prison Association, and from time to time attended the meetings of these notable bodies at their own expense. Also, without expense to the State, the Secretary has attended a session of the State Government. pi

School of Philanthropy of New York, and has visited the institutions of a number of other States. The Governor annually appoints delegates to the National Confer- ence of Charities and Corrections and to the American Prison A ciation. Reports and proceedings of these and other national bodies are collected for reference,.

The reports of the institutions, payrolls, and the census of the insane are on file in the office of the Board in the Capitol, and are "pen to the inspection of the members of the Assembly, who are cordially invited to visit the office and make use of the data gathered there for this purpose.

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC CHAKITII S.

William A. Blair, Chairman Forsyth. Carey J. Hunter Wake. Henry C. Dockery Rockingham. A. C. McAlister Randolph. Joseph G. Brown Wake.

NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY.

Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, Chapel Hill. X. C.

The act establishing the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey specifies the following lines of work as being the objects of this department : The examination of the mineral, forest, fishery, and ether material resources of the State. The examination of the geological formations of the State with reference to their economic products. The examination of the road-building materials and the besl methods of utilizing the same. The examination and classification of the snils and forests and other physical features of the State with special reference t<> their bearing upon the occupation of the people. The examination of the streams and water-powers of the Stale with special reference to their development <>f manufacturing enter streams prises and the preservation of the sources of these through the protection of the forests. 92 s i a 1 1 Government.

The examination of the water supplies <>t" the State with special reference to sinking deep artesian wells. The- preparation of reports regarding these investigations. A.s will be seen from the above, the work of this department is varied and extensive, and in the following pages is given a brief dis- i ussion of what has been accomplished during the past two years. Geology and Mineralogy- During the two years covered by this sketch investigations have been made as to the geology of the Coastal Plain Region of North Carolina, having as its object the preparation of a series of reports, relating especially to the possibilities of obtaining an artesian water supply for Eastern North Carolina. This report is new in press under the title of "The Physiography and graphy of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina." Other reports are in course of preparation relating to the Eocene and Pleistocene of the Coastal Plain Region, which will be of more scientific interest than of practical value.

These investigations were under the direct supervision of Dr. W. P>. Clark, Stale Geologisl of Maryland, who was assisted by Miss Julia Gardner, Mr. Edward W. Berry, all of Johns Hopkins University, and Dr. B. 1.. Miller and Mr. Harvey Bassler of Lehigh University. The cosl of the preparation of this report was very much lessened for the State by the very hearty cooperation of the United States Geological Survey. A detailed geological study was made by Dr. F. B. Laney, now of the United States Geological Survey, of the geology of the Gold Hill Mining District. This resulted in a report published as Bulletin 21. Dr. Joseph E. Pogue, of the United States National Museum, made a detailed investigation of the Cid Mining District, and the result of these investigations is published in Bulletin 22. Dr. Laney is now at work on a reporl en the Virgilina Copper District of Person and Granville counties, and. as this district is so intimately connected with the same deposits in Virginia, an arrangement has been made with the Virginia Geological Survey for a joint report on this dis- triet.

The three above reports will cover practically all the commercial of the copper deposits State. In connection with these reports, geological maps have been worked out on traverse maps prepared by the State iii Survey cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. State Government. 93

A bulletin has been published entitled Bibliography of North Caro- lina—Geology, Mineralogy, and Geography, with a list of maps, by Dr. F. B. Laney and Miss Katherine Hill Wood. This book represents a great deal of very careful and painstaking work and is considered one of the best of its kind yet published by any State. A report on the mica deposits of the State is now under way, this being prepared in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. It is expected that this volume will be in the press very soon. Statistics for the report on the mining industry are being collected in connection with the Division of Mineral Resources of the United States Geological Survey. There will be published an economic paper covering the Mining Industry for 1908 and 1909. Mineralogical work has consisted mainly of the examination of numerous mineral specimens which are constantly being sent into the office for identification. While the majority of these specimens does not represent anything of commercial value, yet occasionally one is found which does, and when such a deposit is discovered the Survey takes the steps necessary to bring the owner of this property in communication with those desiring such mineral. On the other hand, by notifying the individuals as to the nonvalue of their specimens, we are able to prevent their spending considerable money for assays or chemical analyses which would be utterly useless. Highway Department.—The General Assembly of 1909 passed an act appropriating $5,000 annually "to enable the North Carolina Geological Board to advise with the township and county authorities in the building and improvement of the public roads, etc." This has made it possible for the Geological Survey to employ engineers who are competent road-builders to take up with the various counties and townships contemplating the construction of improved roads the questions of the proper location of these roads, what is the best road to build, etc. fhe Survey has been very fortunate in securing the services of Mr. W. L. Spoon as road engineer. Mr. Spoon has had a great deal of experience in the construction of roads, and, during the previous seven years, had been road engineer for the Office of Public Roads of the United States Department of Agriculture. He is considered by the officials of that department one of the best road engineers in the country, and, for some features of road engineering, he has no equal. \ 1 1 : 94 State Gov i : it \ N t.

Previous to the enactment of this law the work of the Survey in regard to the improvement of roads was essentially of an educational nature, consisting principally of lectures and press circulars. Since, however, this appropriation was made, the State has been able to extend the work to the actual surveying and location of new roads, and our highway engineers have been able to save to many counties and townships a great deal of money by giving advice as to the location of roads and the best materials and methods to be used in the construction of these roads. The educational side has been continued and broadened, many addresses have been made by the State Geologist and the Highway Engineer in practically all the counties of the State. As a result of press circulars and good road literature sent out from time to time, the good roads cause has become a vital issue in a great many coun- to interest ties, and the Survey is now making a special effort arouse in those comities which appear to be more or less lukewarm. Through the efforts of the State Geologist, the North Carolina Good Roads Association has been revitalized and is making every effort to have formed in every county of the State a county association, these coimty associations to serve as units through which the State Association can reach the great masses of the people. The State Geologist has also been instrumental in the organization of the Southern Appalachian Good Roads Association, having members in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, and Kentucky. Through the work of this association there has arisen the idea of having great intercounty and interstate highways, and the work of this Association has served to arouse an enthusiasm among the people of this section for these highways so that they are willing to cooperate county with county and State with State in the building of these great highways. Through the cooperation of certain individuals, the Geological Sur- vey has been able to make a survey of a road from Linville to Ashe- ville via Altapass, Buck Creek Gap, Balsam Gap, etc., following as

closely as possible the crest of the Blue Ridge. This route is to be I the "Crest of the Blue Highway," and, when built, known as Ridge | will rival in scenic grandeur the great highways of the world. Some State Government. 95

of the projected highways which are being promoted by g I roads roads enthusiasts, good associations, and the Geological Survey are

as follows :

Crest of the Blue Ridge Highway, Capital to Capital Route. Xatioual Highway—New York to Atlanta.

Triangular Highway^-Pinehurst, Winston-Salem, Raleigh, S. Greenville, C—Hendersonville, N. ('.. Highway, Spartanburg, S. C—Asheville, N. C. Highway, Salisbury—Hickory—Lenoir Highway, Charlotte—Asheville—Knoxville Highway. Charlotte—Wilmington Highway.

And so it can be seen that during the past two years the North Carolina Geological aud Economic Survey has made every effort to about such bring sentiment for good roads as will lend to active par- ticipation in, rather than inert approval of the movement, li is earnestly hoped that the next Legislature will enact such laws as will enable North Carolina to take a great forward step in the matter of good roads construction, and at least keep abreast of her sisier States, if not go beyond them, in highway improvement, thus adding to her material prosperity by the greatly increased valuation of her property and the happiness of her citizens by promoting social inter- course—these being the certain results of the construction of l: 1 roads. Forestry Department.—The work of the Forestry Department has been mainly along lines of conservation. It has been estimated that one-sixth of North Carolina's wealth is in her forests: 1ml this per cent is rapidly being reduced by their devastation, due to forest Qres ruthless cutting of timber, and the little care thai is paid to the fostering of the young growth. Rich in our present supply of timber and the strength of our water-powers, we take little thought for the coming generations. The term conservation is reiterated so in em- press that it has become a byword; but it has yet to sink into the minds of the people to the extent of their realizing the vital neci Slty of applying it to their individual actions. During the first part of 1909 the work of the Forestry Department was carried on by Mr. W. W. Ashe: but on June 1. 1909, he returned 96 State Government. to the United States Forest Service and Mr. J. S. Holmes, then employed by the United States Forest Service, became Forester to the

North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey. The greater por- , tions of the summers of 1909 and also of 1910 have been spent by him i in a study of the forest conditions in the .Mountain and Piedmont counties of the State, this work being done in cooperation with the United States Forest Service. During the winter of 1909 and 1910 Mr. Holmes prepared a report on Forest Fires of North Carolina j 1909. This report has been issued in the hope that the enor- During j mous loss North Carolina annually sustains as the result of forest fires might be mitigated by bringing to the attention of the people of the State the extent and results of these fires. While the statistics collected were incomplete, yet they have shown the absolute neces- j sity for the State to adopt some policy by which the great annual drainage upon its forestry resources can be lessened. It is estimated that the loss sustained by North Carolina during 1909 from forest fires amounted to $500,000, to say nothing of the loss of personal property and possible loss of life. Another report issued by the Survey, which was prepared in cooperation with the United States Forest Service, is Economic Paper It No. 20, regarding the Wood-using Industries of North Carolina. in is believed that this report would be of considerable assistance helping to form an intelligent forest policy for the State and in pre- for senting the advantages the State offers to wood-using industries has a few locating in it. The timber owner, and even the farmer who scattered trees to sell, can learn from this report where a market can be found. To the sawmill operator it may suggest a use for wood which he previously considered of little commercial value. To the manufacturer who is under the necessity of looking beyond his own State for all or part of the lumber needed, it would furnish a source to of fairly accurate information concerning a region most likely supply his needs. The merchants throughout the country who handle wood products can study to advantage the report of what North Carolina has to sell or wishes to buy. When it is realized that the timber crop in North Carolina is ex- ceeded in value only by that of the cotton and corn crops, and that the value of the lumber cut in this State during 100S amounted to into the $15,000,000. it seems that it would almost startle the people State Government. 97

enactment of the legislation which is so necessary to protecl this natural great resource, which can be so seriously damaged and hand! capped by an indifferent policy. influences of The the forests are so ear-reaching as to make their a vital protection question, not only when we consider the future of supply timber, but when we take into account the preservation of our for it is water-powers, only by protecting the forests along the headwaters of our streams that the moisture could he conserved in times of drought, and the run-off regulated in times of excessive rain. The Forestry Department has also made an effort to help owners of timber tracts to the extent of giving advice as to the proper methods of management and how to cut their timber so as to insure a future supply, and at the same time get all the value thai the foresl will warrant at the— present time. Drainage Work. The most important work done by the Geological Survey office in connection with drainage has been in the drafting of the Drainage Bill and securing its passage by the Legislature of 1909. This act applies not only to the swamp land of the Coastal Plain, but also to the reclamation of overflowed lands of every section of North Carolina; but it has received more consideration from the people of the east because the situation there relative to the reclamation of swamp and overflowed lands is more acute. The Geological Survey has issued pamphlets and press bulletins fully explaining the Drainage Bill, and these pamphlets have been in considerable demand by those contemplating the formation of drainage districts, and also by the engineers who are placed in charge of the different districts. As a result of this work, fifteen drainage dl •triets have been formed for the reclamation of swamp lands in Beaufort, Bladen, Chowan, Currituck, Columbus, Craven, Edgecombe, Halifax. Hertford, Hyde, Pitt, Robeson, Washington, and Wilson counties. The following are the districts that have been formed:

The Mattamuskeet Drainage District of Hyde County. The Moyock Drainage District No. 1 of Currituck County, Bear Creek Drainage District of Chowan County,

Pungo Creek Drainage Districts Nos. 1 and 2 of Beauforl County, 98 State Government.

Little Contentnea Creek Drainage District of Wilson County, Lyon Swamp Drainage District of Pender and Bladen counties, Toisnot Creek Drainage District of Wilson County. Chadbourn Drainage District of Columbus County. Belvidere Drainage District of Hertford County. The Creswell Drainage District of Washington County. Deep Creek Drainage District of Pitt County, The Dover Drainage District of Craven County. Back and Jacob Swamp Drainage District of Robeson County. The W'hite Oak Swamp Drainage District of Bladen County, Deep Creek Drainage District of Edgecombe and Halifax counties.

In the Piedmont Section work has gone forward in the reclamation of overflowed lands, drainage districts having been formed as follows :

On Clark's Creek of Lincoln and Catawba counties. On Muddy Creek and Mill Creek of Forsyth County. On Third Creek of Iredell County. Big Brown Creek Swamp of Anson County. Horse Pen Creek of Guilford County. Haw River of Rockingham County.

Another phase of reclamation work that is being undertaken in connection with drainage is the reclamation of old rice lands in Brunswick and New Hanover counties. The Geological Survey has cooperated with the State Board of Education in regard to the draining, of the State lands included in the Lake Mattamuskeet Drainage District. The State Geologist has been looking after the interests of the Board of Education in this project, and has audited and approved all accounts. He has also supervised to some extent the conduct of the work and has arranged a plan for j obtaining agreements on boundary lines between, the adjacent land- owners and the land belonging to the State Board of Education. This great work is being kept before the attention of the people hy means of press circulars and conventions held under the auspices of the North Carolina Drainage Association, which was organized by the State Geologist. The results of the operation of this drainage law are manifold and State Government. gg

cannot be computed in dollars and cents. Many of these swamp lands are rich inconceivably from an agricultural standpoint, and the invested in them money draining will undoubtedly yield large returns as a investment. simple Aside from this, the effeel upon the health of this is so region salutary as to justify the projeel fr the standpoint of its residents, without even considering the effeel U] immigrants.— Fisheries. Among other phases of natural-history work which the been Geological Survey has investigating for a number of years is that relating to the economic fisheries along the const. The Survey has undertaken to investigate and. if possible, find a remedy for the adverse conditions which appear to be operating to the destruction of of many our economic fishes. During the past several years reports have been constantly coming in showing that the fish have been growing scarcer each year, and that some sort of State protection is necessary if many of our edible fish are to be saved from total ex- tinction. A Fish Convention was called by Governor Glenn in September, . 190G. to discuss existing conditions, and certain legislation recommended. This convention was well attended by delegates representing the principal fisheries along the coast. As a result, the North Carolina Fish Commission was established by the Legislature of 1907, the work of this Commission to he directed by the Geological Board and its accounts approved by the State Geologist. The influence of the Commission, however, was circumscribed by the exemption of certain counties from its jurisdiction. A second convention was held in August, 1908, called by Governor Glenn, at which further legislation was discussed and recommended. This resulted in the passage of certain oyster legislation at the Gen- eral Assembly of 1009. protecting the lessees of oyster bottoms and restricting definite areas in the catching of certain fish. The laws recommended for the protection of the oyster bottoms were the resull of investigations carried on by the State Survey in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Fisheries, which showed that the oyster could be profitably cultivated in certain of the North Carolina sounds, The great obstacle which stood in the way of the successful cultlva- loo State GovebnmenT; tion of the oyster in these waters was inefficient legislation to protect the lessee of oyster bottoms, and at the same time protect the "natural rocks." It is believed that this situation was very much improved by the legislation passed by the General Assembly of 1909. It was realized, however, that the situation had not been entirely met, both in regard to the oyster and the fish, and the Legislature of 1909 appointed a committee of its members to spend thirty days on the coast investigating the fishing conditions, holding meetings in the principal towns along the coast, and taking evidence directly from the fishermen themselves, with a view to recommending to the Legisla- ture of 1911 such legislation as will protect, foster, and increase these great industries. The State Geologist assisted in this work and has been further called on by this committee to assist in the drawing up of this report. The Geological Survey has published reports relating to the Culti- vation of the Oyster, the Cultivation of the Diamond-back Terrapin, Investigations Relative to the Shad Fisheries, and a volume giving a complete list and description of the salt- and fresh-water fish found in North Carolina. Hydrography.—The principal work done in connection with the water-powers of the State during the past two years has been the compilation of data obtained in the measurement of certain streams, since the publication of Bulletin 8. This is now in press as Bulletin 20, and will serve as an appendix to the information given in Bulle- tin 8. Mapping.—In the past two years the Survey, in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and certain of the counties, has been able to prepare complete traverse maps of Beaufort, Cleveland.

Franklin, Granville, and Pitt counties ; the Lincolnton Quardrangle been is now in have been has completed and press ; geological maps j prepared of the Gold Hill Mining District, the Cid Mining District, and the Coastal Plain Region. The county traverse maps prepared are especially useful to the county officials who wish to locate new roads and those who have charge of the public school work in the county. It is hoped that the Legislature of 1911 will make such provision as will make it possible to carry forward the work of the State Government. lnl

traverse mapping of the State more rapidly, as so many phases of our economic development are facilitated and made easier and more accurate by the use of traverse maps in the different counties. Lines of Future Work.—In addition to a continuance of the work in the above departments, the North Carolina Geological and Eco- nomic Survey is desirous of getting out a volume giving a li

north carolina geological and economic survey.

GEOLOGICAL BOARD.

Governor W. W. Kitchin, ex officio chairman, Raleigh. Frank R. Hewitt, Asheville. Hugh McRae, Wilmington. C. S. Vann, Edenton. R. D. Caldwell, Lnmberton.

SURVEY STAFF. Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, Chapel Hill. J. S. Holmes, Forester. E. W. Myers, Hydraulic and Civil Engineer. W. L. Spoon, Highway Engineer. F. B. Laney, Geologist. J. E. Pogue, Jr., Geologist. Hampden Hill, Chemist. Assistant Highway Engineers: W. S. Fallis. R. P. Coble, N. C. Hughes, Jr. Miss H. M. Berry. Secretary.

NORTH CAROLINA NATIONAL GUARD.

R. L. Leinster, Adjutant General, Raleigh.

The strength of the North Carolina National Guard is as follows :

Commissioned officers, land forces 221 Enlisted men, land forces 2.174 Naval Militia, commissioned officers. 40 Naval Militia, enlisted men 280

Total strength 2,715

The National Guard of North Carolina is divided into organiza- staff three of infantry tions as follows : The general corps ; regiments of five of twelve companies and band each : a coast artillery corps companies; a naval brigade of six divisions; three hospital corps de- tachments of twelve men each. State Government. m:;

The annual appropriation by the State for the maintenance of the militia is organized $27,000. This amount is expended principally in paying armory rent and in paying 25 cents per drill to enlisted men for as many as two drills per month, provided they comply with certain rules and regulations. The brigade and regimental commanders are each allowed $150 per year for expenses, and the commanding officer of the Coasl Artil- lery Corps is allowed $75 per year for expenses. The pay, transportation, and subsistence of the North Carolina National Guard while in camp of instruction is paid by the United States Government, and all equipment is furnished by the Federal Government. Every member of the organized militia of North Carolina is. in accordance with section 4897. N. C. Laws of 1907, and United Slates Statutes. Act of January 21. 1903, required to serve his term of enlist- ment in upholding the civil authority of the State or Nation or going to war for the United States if called upon by the President. It seems to be the fixed policy of our Government to maintain a well organized, well equipped, well disciplined, and efficient militia in the several States at a nominal cost, thereby obviating the necessity for a large regular army. During this year the National Government paid all the expenses of the encampment of the Second and Third regiments at Camp Glenn and the joint seacoast defense exercises of the Coast Artillery Corps at Fort Caswell. N. ('.. and all of the <\ penses of the First Regiment in the joint maneuvers at Chickamauga Park. Ga. The National Government is also furnishing two ships for the use of the North Carolina Naval Militia, without expense to the State. The U. 8. 8. Elfrida and the Torpedo boat Bupont arc assigned for this purpose and are now at New Bern, the headquarters of the Naval Militia. The Adjutant General is chief of staff and is in control of the military department of the State, and is subordinate only to the Gov- ernor in matters pertaining to said department. Through th lice of Adjutant General is handled all reports and records of the military establishment, and all orders pertaining to the militia are issued by the Adjutant Generai. In his office is kept a record of all the commissioned officers and enlisted men of the Guard. -Ml military text books and blank forms and orders from the War Departmenl are handled through the Adjutant General's office. An annual report to 104 State Government.

the Governor, covering ;i detailed statement of the work and expenditures for the year, is required by law from the Adjutant General. Inquiries of the record of service of soldiers in any of the wars in which our troops have ever been engaged are answered through the Adjutant General's office. The work in this office is increasing rapidly each year, for while the United States Government is spending much more on the militia than ever before, more is required, and as all the business with the War Department is handled through the Adjutant General's office, the volume of work of necessity increases.

ADJUTANT GENERALS OF NORTH CAROLINA.

J. G. Martin 1861- Abial W. Fisher. 1808-1871. John C. Gorman 1871-1876. Johnstone Jones 1877-1888. James D. Glenn. 1889-1892. Francis H. Cameron 1893-1896. A. D. Cowles 1897-1898. B. S. Royster 1899-1904.

T. It. Robertson 1905-1909. J. F. Armfield* 1909-1910. R. L. Leinster 1910-

THE STATE PRISON.

J. J. Laegiiinghouse, Superhitewdent, Raleigh.

This institution was founded by an act of the General Assembly, ratified the 12th day of April, A. D. 1809. entitled "An act to Provide for the Erection of a Penitentiary." Reference is made to the act cited, and also to the Report of the Commission to Erect a Peniten- tiary, Document No. IS, Legislative Documents, 1S08-70. The Prison building is a magnificent brick structure, erected upon j granite foundation. The Prison wall is of granite, and is twenty feet i in and six feet broad at the and its base is said to extend height top, j sixteen feet below the surface. The building and wall are estimated to have cost the State more than a million and a quarter dollars.

*Died in office, 1910. State Government. in:,

The institution is situated about one mile west of the capitol on the extension of Morgan Street and near Hillsboro Road. The affairs of the Prison are administered by a board of Ave directors, appointed by the Governor.

The Prison officers appointed by the Board of Directors are: J. .1. Laughinghouse, Superintendent. Pitt County; T. W. Fenner, chief clerk, Halifax County: T. P. Sale. ward. mi. Wake County; T. M Jordan, M. D., physician. Wake County. There are at present 712 inmates. in fine The institution and farm are shape, and last year I 1909) cleared over $100,000. If prices remain good, the same w ill lie mad.' over and above expenses for running the institution for 1910. In the Dangerous Insane Department. Dr. T. M. Jordan is the physician in charge. It is still maintained within the $5,000 per year appropriated by the Legislature out of the Stale Prison earnings. The Legislature of 1909 appropriated $5,000 for improvements, and new wards, new kitchen, bathrooms and a hall on two floors have been added and they are now more comfortable than ever before and all are kept in that department, and not kept in the Prison cells, as heretofore. S I'M MARY. Founded L869

Number of buildings 1

Cost (estimated by Prison authorities) $1,225,000.0 I Number of acres of land 7,300

Number of employees 1 51 * Number of inmates 695

Paid into State Treasury by Ad of 1907. . . .$ L75.000.00 1 1908 109,400.19 Surplus January , Liabilities None

BOARD OF DIRE< TORS.

George A. Norwood, Jr.. Chairman Wayne. George E. Hunter Wake. R. L. DOUGHTON Wilkes. T. J. Renfro Mecklenburg. George A. Holderness Edgecombe, 106 State Government.

superintendents. W. T. Hicks Wake. Paul F. Faison Wake. A. Leazer Iredell. John R. Smith Wayne. J. M. Mewborne Lenoir. W. H. Day Wake. J. S. Mann Dare. J. J. Laughinghouse Pitt.

THE NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY.

A. H. Eller, Secretary and Treasurer*

The greatest of all enterprises so far attempted by the State of North Carolina in the nature of a public or internal improvement, was the building of the North Carolina Railroad from Goldsboro by way of Raleigh, Greensboro and Salisbury, to Charlotte. Considering the experimental state of railroading at that time, the dread of public or private indebtedness, and the limited resources, the movement was a monumental enterprise—and one in advance of anything attempted by almost any other State in the Union. The success, however, which has crowned the labors and sacrifices of our fathers has established beyond all question that their wisdom was equal to. or superior to, any displayed before or since their day. In 1S3.°). the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad Company and the Wil- mington and Raleigh, afterwards known as the Wilmington and Wel- don Railroad Company, were chartered, and later these roads were built. In 1848 the former was in the hands of the State, and was in a bankrupt condition for the want of patronage. It was necessary to give it some connection, or to extend it. At the session of November, 1848, the western counties urged a charter for a road from Charlotte to Danville, asking no State aid ; but the eastern members opposed that project. The finances of the State were in such an impoverished condition that it was generally deemed impracticable for the State to aid give any considerable to any railroad ; but William S. Ashe,

*The writer acknowledges his indebtedness to Capt. S. A. Ashe for the historical data contained in this sketch. State Government. m7

the Democratic Senator from New Hanover, introduced a bill to con- struct a road from Goldsboro to Charlotte, under the Qame of the North Carolina Railroad, and appropriating two millions of dollars for that purpose, on condition, however, that private parties could subscribe one million, and to secure the payment of the State bonds when issued, a lien was given on the State's stock. When the western men brought up the Charlotte and Danville Mil in the House, Stanley and other eastern men opposed it so bitterly that it could not pass, and then in a dramatic scene, the friends of internal improvement agreed to send to the Senate and take the Ashe bill from the files and offer it as a substitute. After a greal and prolonged struggle the bill passed the House of Commons. In the Senate it failed by an adverse majority of one; but the Senator from Cumberland was led to support it by passing the bill for the State to build the plank road from Fayetteville to Salem ; and then the vote Sin the Senate was a tie. Speaker Graves, who had up to thai mo- ment maintained an impenetrable silence as to the measure, broke Ithe tie in favor of building the road by State aid; and the measure was passed. Speaker Graves was never again elected to any ollice by pthe vote of his people. To secure the needed one million of private stock, Speaker Craves. (Governor Morehead, and Mr. William Boylan made great exertions, and by their efforts, aided by Joseph Caldwell, Governor \Y. A. Gra- iham. Paul C. Cameron, and others, the necessary stock was eventually railroad for [raised. On January 29, 1850, the was ready passage of from Goldsboro to Charlotte, and charters had been [trains granted two other roads— to and from [for from Goldsboro Morehead City, ISalisbury to the Tennessee line. I By act. ratified 14th of February, 1855, the General Assembly increased the capital stock to .?4.O0O.00O. and subscribed for the, State the whole of the added capital. From that time till now the State one-fourth of this road. |has owned three-fourths, and individuals The first president of the company was Governor John M. More- of the [head, to whom so much was due for securing the subscription (private stock, and under his direction the road was constructed. His of Paul 0. Cameron, [successors were Charles F. Fisher, Rowan; IJosiah Turner. Jr.. of Orange, and William A. Smith, of Johnston. During the administration of Mr. Smith the road was. on the llth Bay of September, 1871. leased to the Richmond and Danville Rail LOS State Government.

road Company for thirty years, at a rental of G per cent per annum. The subsequent presidents of the company have been: Thomas Ml Holt. Lee S. Overman. S. B. Alexander, J; F. Kornegay, R. M. Now ment, J. L. Armstrong, and II. G. Chatham. On the 16th day of August. L895, in view of the approaching termi-j nation of the lease, the property was leased to the Southern Railway Company for a term of 99 years, at an annual rental of 6% per cent, for six years and 7 per cent for the remaining ninety-three years, and the stock of the company was selling at $186 per share until the panic of 1907. On the readjustment of the debt of the State, the State renewed the bonds issued for the purchase of the North Carolina Railroad stock, pledging the original lien on the stock for the payment of the debt. Col. 'Peter B. Rufiin. for more than thirty years, was the faithful and efficient secretary and treasurer of the company. The secretaries of the company in the order of their election and service are as follows: Cyrus I\ Mendenhall, Julius B. Ramsey. R. M. Mills, F. A. Stagg. J. A. McCauley. W. F. Thornburg, V. B. Ruffin,| H. B. Worth. Spencer B. Adams. D. II. McLean, and A. H. Filer. The State, as is well known, has continued to own its $3,000,000 of the original capital stock, and has acquired two (2) additional

! shares, thus giving it 30,002 shares at par value, amounting to .$3,000,- 200. which, however, at the recent market value aggregates $5,580,372. And it is confidently believed that if the State desired to part with a controlling interest in the company, its stock would command a much in greater price, and those who have watched the constant advance ; the price of this stock, expect it to go to $200 per share at an early day. Under the lease of 1871 to the Richmond and Danville Railroad,

Company, the company could not have claimed the betterments made i by the lessee : but under the present lease the company is not only amply secured by bond for the prompt payment of its lease money; and organization expenses, to wit, $143,000 on the first day of Janu- and of each but the termination of said lease for ary July year, upon j any cause, the company acquires the betterments made thereon. In addition to the railroad and rolling stock leased to the Southern Railway Company, the company still owns valuable lands in and about Company Shops, now known as the City of Burlington. State Government. t09

When the Board of Directors, appointed by Governor Aycock, took charge of the company's affairs, there was a floating indebtedness of $10,000. The November balance, 1908, of the presenl secretary and treasurer shows that said indebtedness lias beeD paid and a special dividend of y2 of 1 per cent, amounting to $20,000, and the company has to its credit in the bank the sum of $16,435.61, all of which, except a small balance, is drawing -i per cent interest. Promptly upon the payment of the lease money on the flrsl day of January and July in each year, the directors declare a dividend and the secretary and treasurer pays to the State Treasurer immediately $105,000, and like dividend is paid to the private stockholders on the flrsl day of February and August of each year. The present Board of Directors, as appointed by Governor Kitchin on the part of the State, are given below. The State's proxy is A. E. Smith; the expert is John \V. Thompson, and the company's attorney is Frank R. McNinch. A true sketch of this company would be incomplete without calling attention to the long and invaluable services of Gen. It. F. Hoke as director. His experience and great knowledge of affairs, and lifelong devotion to the best interest of the company, entitle him to the grati tude of the State, as well as the private stockholders.

OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY.

Presidents — John M. Morehead, Guilford; Charles F. Fisher,

Rowan; Paul C. Cameron. Orange; Josiah Turner. Jr., Orange; Wil- liam A. Smith, Johnston; Thomas M. Holt. Alamance: Lee S. Over- man, Rowan; S. B. Alexander. Mecklenburg; J. F. Kornegay, Wayne; R; M. Norment, Robeson; J. L. Armstrong, New Hanover; Hugh G. Chatham, Surry. Secretaries—Cyrus P. Mendenhall, Julius P.. Ramsey, R. M. Mills. I A. Stagg, J. A. McCauley, W. F. Thornburg, Peter B. Ruffln, H. B. Worth, Spencer B. Adams. Dan H. McLean, A. II. Idler.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

Appointed by Gov. W. W. Kitchin. cm the part of the State Chas. M. Stedman, president; R. L. Holt, N. B. McCanless, D. J. Carpenter, T. S. Fleshman, A. J. Ruffin, S. C. Penn, C. C. Hargrove. Elected by the Private Stockholders R. F. Hoke, Beneb.au "'am iron, W. E. Holt, Hugh McRae. 110 State Govebnment,

NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Joseph E. Pogue, Secretary, Raleigh.

The State Agricultural Society was organized at Raleigh about fifty-five years ago, and has held its annual meetings every year, with the exception of two or three years during the War Between the States. The present grounds west of the city were purchased thirty-four years ago. Since then the Fair has steadily grown in importance, especially within the last ten years. The Society owns large and commodious buildings, most of which were built at the time this new site was acquired. A new grandstand, however, was erected five years ago, with a seating capacity of about 2,000. a very substantial structure, covered with metal and now in fine condition. A substantial new reinforced concrete building 60x150 feet was erected this year at a cost of $7,150 for Agriculture and Horticulture and other buildings of some permanent construction will be erected annually if the finances will permit. The Midway has been three times widened within the last ten years to accommodate the ever-increasing.^ attendance. The old Floral Hall within the past four years has been overhauled, remodeled and recovered with tin. The old General Ex- hibition Building adjacent thereto has been maintained by constant repairs and considerable cost, and, while now getting very ancient, has been made secure and answers the purpose as to size and capacity fairly well. This building, constituting the largest exhibition building should be replaced, and it is the hope of the Society to dismantle it and rebuild modern buildings of some concrete construction. A new machine shed, covered with metal. 48 x 200 feet, was erected two years ago which proved a great boon to exhibitors. This shed needs enlarging to about double its present capacity. About 100 new box stalls for the accommodation of exhibition and race horses were provided re-

cently. Other improvements of important character are under con-j templation by the management, and it is hoped that much will be accomplished during 1911. The fortunes of the Society have been variable, and it accomplished] no very great results until within the last ten years. Since then the Fair has rapidly increased its exhibits in every department and the patronage and attendance has shown wonderful progress. The bonded debt of $20,500 was reduced to $23,000 in 1005 and this'; debt refunded at 5 per cent interest in lieu of 6 per cent, the former State Government. Ill

for rate, twenty years. These bonds arc held by various citizens of the secured State, by first mortgage on the buildings and grounds of the Society, and are now to supposed be worth aboul par, though but a few there was no years ago market for them and they were sold in some instances at nominal figures. There are no stockholders at and the entire debt all, upon the property of the Society is due to the bondholders I only. am advised that when this bonded debl shall have been off the paid property will belong to the Agricultural to be held it in Society, by perpetuity for the purpose of holding a State Fair at the Capital. The management, 'by practicing strict economy and by dired and hard work, has succeeded in putting its finances upon a stable basis, after all and paying classes of indebtedness, except the bonds, including all permanent improvements mentioned as having been made dur- the ing year, and interest on the bonded debt, there was aboul $10,000 net surplus at the beginning of 1009. with which the managemenl proposes to continue their policy of permanent improvements. The dismantling and rebuilding of the Main Exhibition Building would require many times the amount of the surplus mentioned, though we hope to be able to start this building in a permanent way. and ereel it section by section, as money can be made from year to year. It is safe to assert that a great work is being done by the Slate Fair. It has been the agency in recent years of arousing a greal deal of friendly rivalry among our farmers, manufacturers and stork raisers throughout this State, and especially throughout the central and eastern parts of the State. A great work awaits the proper management of the North Caro- lina Agricultural Society in the future. By proper managemenl the time has come when it should be aggressive in the matter of better accommodations for exhibitors and the public generally, though the accommodations have already been greatly improved, as much as was possible in view of the fact that the Society was very much in debt until recent years. It is now safe to predict that, with proper management, it is only a matter of a few years more thai the Societj will be able to meet the demands by providing the necessary build ings and still further improving and enlarging the grounds. Each successive Fair within the last eighl or ten years has been an improvement upon its predecessor, both as to exhibits ami crowds, 11- State Govebnment.

until now we feel that it will not be immodest to lay claim to the fad that the State Fair at Raleigh is one of the largest and most liberally patronized fairs in the Southern States. In former years there were many objectionable features in the way of shows and games at all the fairs throughout the country. It is a source of infinite pleasure to the management and the public generally to know that a great revolution has taken place throughout the country in these respects. The management of the State Fair have had their determined efforts at last effectually rewarded with a clean Midway. The rule now is to permit no objectionable exhibitions whatever, allowing nothing to operate on the grounds unsuitable for ladies, gentlemen and children, and no gambling whatever is tolerated. Skill games, however, are allowed, where there is no element of gambling. The result is that there have been no complaints worthy of mention in recent years. It is the determined purpose of the management to enforce rigidly these regulations, to the end that nothing shall be allowed upon the grounds of the State Agricultural Society in the -way of attractions, games, etc., calculated to offend the good taste or discriminating judgment of the public. The State Fair just closed was notable in many ways, having, perhaps, excelled any other State Fair ever held, especially in live stock, agricultural products and machinery. The Society practically doubled the premiums in these departments last year, and this increase has borne valuable fruits. It is hoped that future increase of the premiums will be permitted by the improved state of the finances from year to year. A great many smaller agricultural fairs are springing up throughout the State, which should be hailed with much pleasure by all friends of the industrial, agricultural and stock-raising industries of the State. It is conceded on all sides that the State Fair is now a doing very j great work, and is entitled to high rank as an educational institution as well as a popular annual occasion for the reunion of the people of our State. State Govi k\ \n vr. I [3

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Francis P. Venable. President, Chapel Hill.

The University of North Carolina is located at Chapel Hill, lis charter was granted in 17S0, and it was opened for students in L795. The of 48 acres campus and about 530 acres of foresl contiguous to it were given by the citizens of Orange County. Tts first buildings were also given to the State by friends of the University, the Legislature making, in 1703, a loan of $10,000, which was afterwards converted into a gift. Its property at present consists of 2.1 buildings. The buildings and equipment (including the new library) are valued a1 $798,000. The endowment and productive funds of the University amount to *SS>, 000. The total gifts to the University since the granting of its charter, that is, in 110 years, amount to $775,550. The Legislature of 1005 made the first appropriation granted by the State for a building at the University. This was the sum of $50,000 for the new chemical laboratory. The State made no appropriation for the support of the University for the first eighty years of its exisl ence. In 1875 the interest from the Land Scrip fund. ST.." was

given the University. This was withdrawn in 1S07. In 1 ss 1 die annual sum of $5,000 was appropriated for its support. The present annual appropriation is $75,000. The University comprises the following departments: Collegiate, Graduate, Science, and Pharmacy. The fac- 1 Applied Law, Medicine, ulty numbers 90 and the number of students for the session of 1909- 10 was 821. Since 1000 the number of students has grown from 512 to 821.

Of these students 7.~>2 were from North Carolina. There is little

effort at attracting students from outside I he State, as it makes a heavy demand upon the equipment of the University to care properly for North Carolinians. Yet the students drawn from the outside bring into the State on the average more than $15,000 a year. One-third of the students are sons of fanners. Over one-half earn or borrow, in part or in whole, the money for their education. Some forty of them earn their board by waiting at table. Few of the families from which these students come arc able to stand the

8 114 State Go\ i i:.\ mint. strain of the support of a son at college without stringent economy or even many sacrifices. If n sufficient charge were made to meet all of the expenses of the University, paying interest on the plant, for its repair and renewal, and yielding no profit whatever, it would mean the payment of about $300 by each of the 800 students in addition to his living expenses, u sum absolutely prohibitive except for the sons of the rich. As it is, each student averages only $66. The remainder is met by the State and by private philanthropy. The University of North Carolina and one other are the only State Universities where charge is made for collegiate tuition, and in the other one the charge is much smaller than in the University of North Carolina. The University is emphatically the great hope of the poor boys of the State for higher education, and has shown itself to be the greatest factor in the upbuilding of the State. At no time during the past thirty years, since the reopening, has the State been able to do all that should lie done to place it upon a footing of thorough efficiency or to provide properly for its needs. Its growth has not been provided for and it is badly cramped. In the first place, its income should be largely increased to provide sufficient teaching force, add to the equipment, and take care of the grounds and buildings. An increase of at least $25,000 a year is immediately needed for this purpose. Its present income is about $100,000 a year less than that of each of the two Southern institutions which are doing the same work. "While some of the needs in the way of buildings have been met, the accommodation is only partial. Two of the large dormitories and parts of others have been, from sheer necessity, taken for laboratories and lecture rooms. Only 370 students can find accommodation in the I dormitories that are left. The supply of lecture rooms is altogether inadequate. New laboratories for physics, biology, geology, medicine, i pharmacy, must be built and equipped. Decent accommodation must be provided for the large law classes. A new infirmary is urgently! needed. The dining halls can accommodate only 290 students. The| waterworks must be nearly doubled in capacity. Only occasional] temporary repairs have been possible in the buildings since 1893, and) need renovation. a sum not less than they Altogether, $500,000 isj needed immediately if the University is to be properly fitted up to] State Government. nr, accommodate the present number of students and allow for a normal increase from year to year. Unless such provision is made the University must suffer and the State still more. The University must be placed upon an efficient footing or the numbers admitted to its benefits limited, and vigorous retrenchment practiced where already there is stringent economy. SUMMARY.

When the institution was founded L789 The number of buildings 25 The number of acres of land owned 598 The value of buildings and equipment $798,000.00 The value of the land 70,000.00 The number of volumes in the library ."(i.niin The number of students 821 The number of the faculty 90 The income from the State appropriation s 75,000.00 The income from all other sources 85,000.00

' The names and terms of service of all the presidents :

No president 1795-181 1 1 Joseph Caldwell 1804-1835 David L. Swain 1835-1868 Solomon Poole 1869-1870 University closed 1870-1876 Kemp P. Battle 1876-1891 George T. Winston 1891-1896 Edwin A. Alderman 1896-1900 Francis P. Venable 1900-

THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS.

D. II. Hill. President. West Raleigh.

"A century ago education was for the few, and was designed to equip them for the learned professions; to-day education is for the many, and is intended to fit them for life's practical work." 116 State Govebnment.

•• Industrial education is the foundation of industrial progress." "The world is demanding men who can do. as well as think. The best equipment for a young man to-day is technical skill, knowledge, and power." •"North Carolina possesses every element of wealth excepting skilled labor and technical knowledge. Give her these and she will become the garden-spot of the earth." A visitor to the A. and M. College at West Raleigh is much im- pressed by the spirit of work which prevails there. All the skilled work of the College is done by students or by professors. This work is part of their education. A future electrical engineer is building a motor or a dynamo, wiring a building, or running the engine and dynamo to make lights for the College. A future architect is handling is the plane, the saw and chisel ; measuring and sketching buildings, making original designs, and testing the strength of wood, brick, cement and iron. A future mechanical engineer is laying out and performing work in the machine shops, or testing boilers and engines, making designs, patterns, etc. A future civil engineer is surveying the farm, designing a bridge, or laying out the foundations of a new building. A future cotton mill superintendent is setting up looms, designing cloth patterns, making calculations as to the cost of power, planning a system of fire protection: is carding, spinning, designing, weaving, and dyeing. A future farmer is studying plants and animals with books, microscope and instruments, and. by practical experiments in the greenhouses and fields, is testing what he has learned theoretically. He milks and feeds the cattle, makes butter with improved dairy machinery, judges live stock, studies and experiments with soils and fertilizers, designs farm buildings and lays out drains, studies and experiments with the propagation and culture of plants, the breeding and feeding of animals. In short, the future industrial worker is not merely studying a thing in books and hearing a professor lecture about it, but is himself actually doing the thing and testing his own skill and knowledge.

THE SPIRIT OF ECONOMY AND ORDER.

Another impressive feature of the College is the spirit of economy and order which prevails there. This is a natural result of the spirit of work. The regular daily work of the llege requires its students to be punctual and systematic as well as diligent. Every man must State Govebnment. 117

in his be place when the clock strikes, his tools must be put in place and kept in order, even his clothing and person are subjecl to discipline and inspection. In short, at the A. and M. College a lad is qo1 only being trained for business, but is already in business. Under such system economy, punctuality and regularity are a natural result. of is The spirit work so strong that a majority of the students perform not only the required work, but, in addition, outside of college hours, do extra work and earn considerable money thereby. During the present year almost $7,000 has been earned in this way. If there is anything capable of development in a boy, it will be broughl out under this system. Not only bright boys, but average buys and even dull boys, are developed under this system. Here are presented to every boy so many kinds of activity—brain-working, hand-working, wood-working, metal-working, drawing and designing, working with plants and animals, with electricity, with forge and anvil, with saw and hammer, with microscope and transit, with test tube and retort, with boiler and engine, dynamo and motor, loom, spindle, and t\yr \-.w —so many appeals to every possible taste, talent and faculty that, if a boy be not defective, he must be aroused to some ambition, some proficiency, some degree of manhood.

\ WHAT THE COLLEGE TEACHES.

The College offers four courses of industrial work leading to graduation. First, Agriculture, including also Horticulture. Veterinary .Medi- cine, Botany, Zoology, Entomology. In all the courses Mathematics, English, Physics and Chemistry are required. Second, Engineering. This includes graduation in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering. Third, Textile Industry- Fourth, Industrial Chemistry. In addition to these courses, short courses are offered in Mechanic Arts, Textile Arts and Agriculture. These courses are offered to young men who are not able to stay four years.

SPECIAL COURSES IN MAM Al, TRAINING.

in Such special students as desire may employ their whole time the manual training. The carpenter shop, the wood-turning shop, blacksmith shop, the machine shop, the drawing and designing rooms, 11 s State Government. the barns, dairies, fields and greenhouses afford facilities wherein young men not desiring a four-year course, or not being able to take it, may obtain very useful training and very profitable skill. Youug men desiring to be mechanics, machinists, electricians, engine-tenders, boiler-tenders, or dynamo-tenders may find very profitable instruction at the College. SUMMARY. Founded 1889 Number of buildings 20 Number of acres of land 685 Value of buildings and equipment $585,969.30 Value of land 00,000.00 Number of volumes in library 7.2S0 Number of students 570 Number of faculty 40 State appropriation per annum $ 70.000.00

PRESIDENTS.

Alexander Q. Holladay 1889-1899 George Tayloe Winston 1899-1908 D. II. Hill 190S-

THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE.

Julius I. Foust, President, Greensboro, V. C.

The North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College was established by act of the General Assembly of 1891. The purpose for which the institution was created, as stated in section 5 of the act establishing it. is as follows : "The object of this institution shall be (1) to give young women such education as shall fit them for teaching: (2) to give instruction to young women in drawing, telegraphy, typewriting, stenography, and such other industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and conducive to their support and usefulness. Tuition shall be free to those who signify their intention to teach upon such conditions as may be prescribed by the board of directors." State Govebnment. ll!i

In 1S92 the institution began with $50,000 donated by the city of Greensboro and ten acres of land, the gift of Mr. If. S. Pullen, .Mr. R. T. Gray, Mr. E. P. Wharton, and others, and with an annual appropriation of $10,000 from the State. In addition to the State appropriation and tuition fees, the institution received during the first years about $3,000 annually from the Peabody Fund and for three years received $2,500 annually from the General Education Board. It also received about $11,000 from the faculty and students, and a small amount from Mr. George Foster Peabody. and a librarj building from Mr. Andrew Carnegie. The plant is now worth more than $600,000, the annual State appropriation is $75,000, and the loan and scholarship fees received from various sources in the State and

out of it now amount to $20,000. The faculty numbers 63, and there were enrolled during the past session 613 students. The chief mission of the institution lies in furnishing the public school system of the State well-equipped teachers who are capable of rendering the State intelligent and useful service. It provides regular degree courses, whose admission requirements, curriculum of instruction, and standards of scholarship are in keeping with the requirements of our best Southern colleges for men and women. A pre baratory department conducted by the regular college faculty is maintained for those students who do not have access to good preparatory schools. The institution does not receive, however, as students any who have not completed the course of instruction offered in the home school. Special industrial and commercial courses are open to those who do not have free tuition and are not under contract to teach. Pro- vision is also made for teachers who may wish to take brief courses in pedagogy and in the subjects taught in the public schools. For those who cannot remain longer, a one-year course is offered. For various reasons a number of ambitious teachers are not able to avail themselves of the one-year course, and to meet the demands of these a short two-months course is offered during th< nths of April and May of each year. The advantages of the institution are thus open to every worthy young white woman who has availed herself of the opportunities offered in the public schools of the state. The patronage of the institution has justified the wisdom of the founders. During the eighteen years of its life, beginning October, 1892. and closing with the session of May, L910, the college has had j 120 State Government. an average enrollment of 463 students. These students have come from all the 98 counties of the State, and in their political and religious faith, their financial condition, their professional and social life, their intellectual ability and previous educational opportunities, are representative of the people of North Carolina. Of the 4,039 young women who have sought the help and strength thus provided, more than 80 per cent received their training in the rural public schools, one-third defrayed their own expenses, and two-thirds, according to their own written statement, would not have attended any other North Carolina college. In brief, one of the strongest forces of the college, and a prime source of its usefulness, has been the representative character of its patronage. This coming together of all classes from all sections of the State necessarily results in creating an atmos- phere of wholesome democracy and equal opportunity. The spirit of the State college for women is. therefore, what the spirit of every State college should be, and, as a result, its representatives acquire that larger sympathy, that breadth of vision, and that intelligent insight into the needs of their State that no text-books or lectures or mere academic training can ever hope to give. Some indication of the serviceahleness of the college is suggested by what has been said of the scope and character of its patronage. It has. since its establishment, been an open door of opportunity for the white women of North Carolina. Through it the State has added to its resources over 4,500 educated women, who have taught lessons of patriotism and right living to at least 150,000 North Carolina children. Two-thirds of all the students enrolled and nine-tenths of all who graduate become teachers in North Carolina. No large movement for the uplift of the State has failed to have support from its faculty and students, and to-day there is not a county in the State where representatives of the college are not to be found actively engaged in public service. The influence and benefits of the college have been shared by every section of North Carolina. The following table gives the number of matriculates by different counties during the past eighteen years : Alamance 7S Ashe 20 Alexander 11 Beaufort 59 Alleghany 12 Bertie 44 Anson 55 Bladen 24 State Government. 121

Brunswick 5 Iredell 90

Buncombe <>7 Jackson r> Burke 54 Johnston 17 Cabarrus 55 Jones 8

Caldwell 20 Lee ."i Camden 6 Lenoir 98 Carteret 23 Lincoln 32 Caswell 4S Macon 22 Catawba 37 Madison 8 Chatham 36 Martin 28 Cherokee 5 McDowell II Chowan 19 Mecklenburg L12 Clay 1 Mitchell 4 Cleveland 52 Montgomery 26 Columbus 21 Mix ire 55 Craven 42 Nash 59 Cumberland 64 New Hanover 59 Currituck 19 Northampton 36 Dare 7 Onslow 17 Davidson 36 Orange 59 Davie 47 Pamlico 23 Duplin 53 Pasquotank 14 Durham <'»i; Pender 20 Edgecombe 85 Perquimans 19 Forsyth 102 Person 35 Franklin 43 Pitt 7'.i Gaston 49 Polk 4 Gates 34 Randolph 79

Graham 2 Richmond II Granville 69 Robeson 60 Greene 35 Rockingham 117 Guilford 539 Rowan 80 Halifax 05 Rutherford 22 Harnett 23 Sampson 61 Haywood 25 Scotland 25 Henderson 27 Stanly 32 Hertford 11 Stokes 26 Hyde 14 Surry ,,; State Government.

Swain 4 Washington 29 Transylvania 4 Watauga 24 Tyrrell 4 Wayne Ill Union 40 Wilkes 25 Vance 54 Wilson 45 Wake 1<)4 Yadkin 17 Warren 4<; Yancey 5

SUMMARY. Founded 1891 Number of buildings used 13 Number of acres of land 100 Value of buildings and land $050,000 Number of volumes in library 7.000 v-" Number of pupils in training school •'> Number of students in college 613 Number of faculty 62 Number of matriculates since college was established 4.639 Number of graduates since college was established 504 Annual State appropriation (maintenance) $ 75.000

PRESIDENTS.

( Iharles D. Mclver 1891-1906.

Julius I. Foust, Dean 1906-1907.

Julius I. Foust 1907-

CULLOWHEE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

R. L. Madison. Principal, Cullowhee, V. C.

School in This institution was established as the Cullowhee High j 1SSS. and was chartered in 1891. In 1893 a Normal Department was added, and the State appropriated $1,500 annually for the support of the department. In 1905 it became a State institution and the name was changed to Cullowhee Normal and Industrial School. At present the annual appropriation is $4,000. State Government. 123

The institution is coeducational. The principal efforts of the Nor- mal Department are directed toward the preparation of teachers tor the rural schools. More than 600 teachers have been prepared al the institution for public school work; and every graduate of the Normal Department has taught in the public schools of the State. These teachers have taught in practically every county in the Tenth Con- gressional District, and in the following counties: Madison. Yancey, Mecklenburg. Rockingham. Wake, Robeson, Halifax. Columbus, and Chatham. Ten county superintendents have received their preparation for school work at this institution. The present organization of the school embraces the following departments: Elementary, Intermediate, Classical, Normal, Fine Arts, Commercial, Industrial, Military, and Practice School.

SUMMARY. Founded 1888 Number of buildings 6 Number of acres of land 27.5 Value of buildings and land $42,000.00 Number of students 265 Number of faculty 10 Annual appropriation $ 7,000.00

PRINCIPAL.

R. L. Madison 1SSS

THE APPALACHIAN TRAINING SCHOOL.

B. B. Dougherty, Superintendent, Boone, X. C.

The Appalachian Training School for Teachers was established by act of the Legislature of 1903. The school is located al Boone, Watauga County, North Carolina, in the midst of North Carolina's unsurpassed mountain scenery. It is the center of education for the northwestern section of North Carolina, embracing some of the besl of her mountainous counties. It draws its patronage from twentj five counties. 124 State Government.

The institution makes no pretensions to being a college. It is a I normal school, and its mission is to give a high-school and profes-fl sional education to hundreds of who cannot go young people else-| where. the 1909-1910 there were four hundred such During year nearly stu-| dents in the school. It supplies a large proportion of the public! school teachers for the counties, and has had a marked surrounding j influence upon the improvement of scholarship and professional train-l teachers. In addition to this, the school has ing of these opened aj way to the State University and the State Normal College, to a large! number of students who otherwise would not have entered those institutions,

j first made the was $2,000 The appropriation by Legislature foij maintenance, voted by the Legislature of 1903. The Legislature of 1907 increased this to $4,000, and made an additional appropriation! of $10,000 for the enlargement of the plant. In 1909 the Legislature! appropriated $6,000 a year for maintenance, and $8,000 per year for institution general improvements. Aside from tuition fees, the has; no other income. SUMMARY.

When the institution was founded 1903 Number of buildings 6 Number of acres of land owned 400 Value of buildings and equipment $ 50,000.00 Value of the land 11,000.00 Number of students 367 Number of faculty 9 Income from State appropriation per annum. $6,000 for maintenance and $8,000 for enlargement of plant $14,000.00

SUPERINTENDENT. B. B. Dougherty 1903 State Government. 1 _.-,

THE STATE SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND AND THE DEAF.

John E. Ray, Principal, Raleigh. This institution was established by act of the Genera] Assembly passed January 12, 1845, while Hon. W. A. Graham was Gover of North Carolina. the On first day of May following the school opened with seven which pupils, number increased to seventeen during the session. The first appropriation amounted to $5,000 annually. Two years later it was made $10,000. W. I>. Cooke, of Virginia, was elected first principal, and for some years the school was conducted in a building on Hillsboro street, rented for the purpose. On 34. the April 1840, corner-stone of the present main building, on-Caswell Square, was laid by the Grand Lodge of Masons. At first deaf children only were received, but later blind children were also admitted. In 1868 a department for the education of the negro deaf and blind children of the State was established on Bloodworth Street, in the southeastern part of the city. This has grown to be the largest and best equipped school for the negro deaf and blind in the South. In 1894 the white deaf children were removed to their elegant new- school at Morganton. The old school continued to grow until there were 186 pupils actually present in both departments, and the animal appropriation was $40,000. This school has grown to lie the third largest of its kind in America, and North Carolina has the proud distinction of doing more for its deaf and blind children, in proportion to its population, than any State in the Union. And yet this is done at a smaller pro rata expense than in any other State, save one. During these twelve years the old main building has been greatly enlarged, a new slate roof has replaced the old tin one, modern plumbing takes the place of that formerly used. The old chapel building has been remodeled and enlarged, the main floor converted into a commodious and well-lighted dining hall, and the upper story into an excellent music ball with sixteen well- equipped practice rooms and a band room. This is also furnished with a new slate roof. An entirely new building has been erected, three stories high, besides a basement. This building furnishes dormitories I'm- the boys, with all modern conveniences, and the best auditorium in tin' city. 12G State Govebnment.

Two years ago a very neat and convenient library was constructed which is entirely fireproof, at a cost of $5,000, and a new pipe organ was also installed, one of the very hest in the South.

Two years ago the General Assembly made provision for renewing i the heating plant and installing a hot-water plant instead of steam. At the same time provision was made for ten new pianos; for paving floors the basement and the sidewalks around the premises ; for new barn and outdoor for all in the gymnasium ; metal ceilings the rooms main buildings and for the sick wards at the colored school. An entirely new heating plant and an industrial building have been provided, furnishing room for the broom, mattress, and cane-seating departments of the school. Similar improvements have been made at the colored department. During the past few years the kitchen has been covered with slate, the laundry enlarged nearly 50 per cent and covered with slate ; the basement rooms of the main building and the boiler house have been furnished with cement floors : sick wards have been provided in the fourth story of the girls' building with all modern conveniences, to be used in case of contagious or infectious diseases; plumbing has been put iuto the rooms used for ordinary sickness, and neat covered- ways connecting all the principal buildings have been constructed so as to protect the students while passing from one building to another during inclement weather, and the woodwork of all the buildings has received two coats of excellent paint. For these improvements the recent General Assembly voted a special appropriation of $30,000$ The increased attendance has made it necessary to increase the appropriation for maintenance, and the Legislature has made additions from time to time until the annual income is now $65,000. The school is in better condition than it has been in its history. Its work' speaks for itself. The literary work of the school may be well understood when it is. known that the course of study pursued is modeled after the report made the "Committee of Ten" the General Govern- by appointed by 1 ment several years ago, and covers a thorough course in kindergarten, primary, grammar, and high-school work, as good as that done in the very best schools in the State. to comes of all this. In One naturally wants know what generoeralj terms 85 per cent of the graduates of the school are self-supporting,! State Government. 127 and a good of them have many accumulated a good competency. Time and will not space permit a detailed statement. Lei a few suffice. The musical directors of Salemburg Academy and of Anniston are of (Alabama) Seminary graduates our school, and both totally blind. A member of the Board of County Commissioners of Pamlico County, a member of the Board of Education, and one of the most influential is a citizens, graduate of our school, and totally blind. A substantial merchant and mill man of Glass is another; a very successful farmer of Alexander is County another; until recently one of the leading teachers in Caldwell County was another. There are more of the many graduates who are filling honorable positions as music public-school teachers,— teachers, piano tuners, bandmasters, merchants, etc., etc. men and women who are a credit to the State and an honor to the school.

The handicraft exhibits made at the State Fair for the past few years have not only received universal praise, but have been awarded the first premium over all schools exhibiting, and a gold medal for each of these years is in the hands of the Principal. A still greater honor was bestowed upon the school when the Jamestown Exposition authorities selected the North Carolina School for the Blind, out of all the schools for the blind in America, to make a live exhibit at the Exposition. Both departments of this school made exhibits, for which a gold medal was awarded each department, and these medals are now in the possession of the management of the school.

Exhibits have been made at the State Fair for a number of years, and for the last twelve years the school has secured a gold medal each year in competition with all the other schools of the State. The band of the school also makes music at the Fair each year. Some of our students have passed the examinations required by the best colleges in our State, and have taken their degrees from them. Only recently one young man. totally blind, took his A. P.. degree at our State University with honor, utter which he went to Harvard, from which he graduated with high distinction. The 1: ton papers have several times written him up as a "wonderful blind man." He has since taken his doctor's degree from Chicago Cni- versity. 128 State Government.

summary. Founded 1845 Number of buildings 7 Number of acres of land 42 Value of buildings and equipment .$200,000.00 Va lue of land 20,000.00 Number of volumes in library (ink print)... 1,000 Number of volumes in library (Tactile print) 5,000 Number of students 190 Number of faculty 23

State appropriation (including botb Depts.) .. .$ 65,000.00 Income from otber sources None

NAMES AND TERMS OF SERVICE OF ALL PRINCIPALS.

W. D. Cooke 1845-1860 Willey J. Palmer 1860-1869 John Nichols 1869-1871 S. F. Tomlinson 1871-1873 John Nichols 1873-1877 Hezekiah A. Gudger 1877-18S3 William J. Young ] 883-1896 Frederick R. Place June. 1896-September, 1S96 John E. Ray 1S96-

COLORED DEPARTMENT. Founded 1S09 Number of buildings 4 Value of buildings and equipment $75,000.00 Number of volumes in library (ink print).... 500 Number of volumes in library (Tactile print), 1,500 Number of students 190 Number of faculty 17 State Govebnment. [«jg

THE NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.

E. McK. Goodwin, Superintendent, Mwganton. The North Carolina School for the Deaf and Dumb, located al for Morganton, opened reception of pupils October, L894, with L02 in attendance. Since that time the number has increased to 251, with a of 22 corps teachers and six instructors of industries, a chief instructor, lady principal and principal. The law prescribes the pub- Be school course of the State. The American Convention of Instructors of the Deaf held the seventeenth session at this school, and thirty-five States and two Cana- dian Provinces were represented at the time. There are about 400 white deaf children of school age in North Carolina, which shows that there are still out of school more than 37 per cent. The buildings will accommodate 260 pupils by crowding. Our new Primary building will be ready to open for reception of children September, 1911, and will accommodate 100 primary pupils. About 70 cent per are taught by the oral method. Boys and girls are prepared for college, if they are capable of taking such training. The regular course covers the regular public school course of the State. In addition to this, four industries are taught to the boys— carpentry and woodwork, shoemaking, typesetting and printing, and farming and gardening. Pupils are able to make a living a tier leaving school.- The chief need of the institution is a larger maintenance and a jfund, hospital building. SUMMARY.

Founded 1 s! \ i Number of buildings 4 Number of acres of land 327 Value of buildings and e

Value of land 1 .".< x io.OO Number of volumes in library 3,100 Number of students (biennial period) 348

Number of faculty (including one principal) . '_'.'! State appropriation % 50,000.00 Income from other sources 3,500.00 130 State Government.

THE EAST CAROLINA TEACHERS' TRAINING SCHOOL.

Robert H. Wright. President.

The East Carolina Teachers' Training School was established by act of the General Assembly of 1907. The school is located at Green- ville. The site contains 47% acres of land, a large part of which is natural forest.

Six buildings have been erected : a dormitory for girls, a dormitory for boys, an administration building containing recitation-rooms and auditorium, a building for kitchen and dining-room, which also contains a refrigerating plant, and rooms for servants, etc., an infirmary and a building containing" a power plant and laundry. The buildings and equipment are worth $200,000. The town of Greenville and county of Pitt voted $100,000 in bonds for this school and the State has made an appropriation of $65,000 for buildings and equipment. The buildings have not been thoroughly equipped, but enough equipment has been installed for immediate use. This is of the best type procurable. The school opened its doors for students October 5, 1909. During! the past school year, including the summer school, there were 462| students enrolled. SUMMARY. Founded 1907 Number of buildings

Number of acres 47V2 Value of buildings and grounds $200,000.0(1 Number of students ISO Annual appropriation $ 25.000.00

Other income .' 1.500.00

PRESIDENT. Robert H. Wright 1909 State Goveknment. i:;i

THE STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE FOR THE COLORED RACE.

James B. Dudley. President, Greensboro.

The Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race was established an act of the General by Assembly of North Carolina, ratified March 9, 1891. The leading object of the institution is declared the to by act be instruction in practical agriculture, the mechanic arts, and such branches of learning as relate thereto. institution is The located in the eastern part of the city of Greens- boro, about one mile from the railway station, upon an elevated trad of about 25 acres of land. About a mile from the college the institution has a farm of 103^2 acres, most of which is under cultivation.

The college has four modern brick buildings, two barns, a small dairy building, two small greenhouses, a piggery, and a few smaller buildings. The college 'has outgrown its facilities for instruction in mechanic arts. The present equipment, which is the original, with very few additions, is wearing out and in some cases obsolete. The influence of this department is far-reaching, as is evidenced by the work of the graduates. Among the graduates of this institution are some of the best and most progressive mechanics in North Carolina. There are substantial evidences of their work in Raleigh. St. Agnes Hospital is probably the most conspicuous. This building was erected by .1. W. Holmes, a graduate of the A. and M. College. He is superintendent of industries at St. Augustine's School, Raleigh. The Tupper Memo- rial Building at Shaw University was designed and built by

( < of manager of the Durham Textile Mills, '. '. Aniey, is a graduate this institution. The negroes of the State are appreciating better every day the advantages of this school as a trade school, and this is due to the success of the trade students. 132 State Govebnment.

The A. and M. College, in order to keep its standard of instruction and usefulness, will have to increase its equipment for instruction in the trades. The efficiency of the mechanical department of the A. and M. College would be greatly increased if provisions were made for a thorough overhauling of such machines and tools as are now in that department and the addition of a few new machines and tools to meet the greatly increased demands for instruction. For instruction in agriculture, the college has no building and practically no facilities, yet the college has made greater advancement and has achieved greater success along this than any other line. The best evidence of the value of the instruction in agriculture as given at the A. and M. ( 'ollege is found in the success of its graduates. The Smith Brothers, two graduates, are running a very successful farm near LouislmrLr. and are doing a thriving dairy business in the town. One graduate in Cumberland County is clearing over .$1,000 a year on his farm: a graduate of the class of 1908, who is operating his own farm in Cumberland County, has recently organized a dairy company in Fayerteville which is doing a thriving business. Another graduate of the class of 11)07. who has been running his own farm of 100 acres in Chatham County, has recently been appointed farm demonstrator by the U. S. Department of Agriculture for Guilford In a civil service examination held last year to secure County. j eligibles for the appointment of a teacher of agriculture at the Car- lisle Indian School, one of our graduates stood the highest and received the appointment. A number of our graduates are employed in dairy industries. A member of the last year's graduating class is employed by the Rennie Dairy Company, of Richmond. Ya.. as butter- maker. This company churns over 1.000 gallons of cream daily. Another graduate is employed in a dairy in Newport News. Va. A graduate of the class of 1907 is employed by the Jeanes Fund as of Industries in Bertie one is Supervisor Agricultural County ; super intendent of a 1,200-acre farm at the Brick School, Edgecombe County

another is running his own farm in Alamance County ; a graduate of the class of 1909 is assistant superintendent of the farm at Tuske- and gee Institute. Tuskegee, Ala. : another has charge of the orchards, still another is in charge of the live-stock department at that famous institution. State Government. l.;:;

Several graduates are teaching in agricultural schools. One is in charge of the agricultural department of the Colored A. and M. Col- lege of West Virginia, and two of the graduates of the class of 1909 are teaching in the State Normal School at Fayetteville, N. C. Until recently one of our graduates had charge of the agricultural department in the State Normal School for negroes at Frankfort, Ky. A number of our graduates are farming and teaching rural schools during the winter months. A graduate in Halifax County is one of the few colored teachers who has succeeded in establishing a rural library in connection with his school. The number of students in the agricultural department lias increased fivefold in the past five years, which goes to show that the thoughtful colored boy is recognizing the fact that farming offers better inducements than any other line of industry, and he is. therefore, seeking training to that end. All of the graduates of last year's class were from the agricultural department. These students come directly from the farm for the purpose of getting instruction in the modern methods of farming in order to produce maximum crops at a minimum cost. It is a business proposition to them, pure and simple. They are seeking an education in order to increase their productive capacity. Every time the A. and M. College increases the productive capacity of a student, it increases the productive capacity of the State, and thereby increases the wealth of the State to that extent. Therefore, every dollar expended by the State in increasing the productive capacity of its colored citizens is a business proposition in the purest sense. In order that the A. and M. College may meet the demands made upon it for instruction in agriculture, it is necessary that a building and equipment be provided for this purpose similar to that already provided by the State for instruction in the mechanical arts. M > invested by the State for this purpose will, in course of time, reverl to the State in the form of taxes from increased agricultural development. 1.34 State Government.

summary.

The institution was founded 1891 Number of buildings 7 Number of acres of land owned 12S Value of buildings and equipment $102,572.00 Value of land 27.000.00 Number of volumes in the library 1,494 Number of students (incomplete) 315 Number of faculty 14 Income from State appropriation $ 10.000.00 Income from Federal appropriation 14.S50.00

PRESIDENTS.

John O. Crosby 1892-189G James B. Dudley 1896-

STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR THE COLORED RACE.

J. A. Bivins, Superintendent, Raleigh.

The State maintains three normal schools for the training of negro teachers, and one for the training of teachers of the Croatan Indians. The normal schools for the negroes are located at Fayetteville, Eliza- is at beth City, and Winston-Salem ; the school for the Croatans Pem- broke. The first superintendent of these schools was Charles L. Coon, elected in 1904. In January. 1907, he was succeeded by John Duck- ett. who died November 10, 1908. Most of the negro teachers in the sections where these schools are located have received their training in these schools. Industrial training, especially in domestic science, is required in all of them. In the Slater School at Winston shop and farm work is taught. These industrial features are not as successful as they should be. owing to lack of funds. No State funds are used in these departments, the Slater Fund being used exclusively for these purposes. State Government. l.;;,

During the last year a new dormitory, costing about $10,000, was at erected Fayetteville. This, with the new Normal School building built the year before, makes a handsome equipment for Fayetteville in the matter of buildings. The remainder of debt on the Slater property at Winston, originally $12,000, was paid off last year. Plans have been drawn and arrangements made for erecting a new dormitory at Elizabeth City. Owing to the lack of dormitory facilities, the handsome new Normal School building put up two years ago lias been standing idle, while the school has been continuing in the old and very inadequate structure. The State owns no property at the Croatan School, the land and the building being owned by the Croatan trustees. The Croatans recently bought and paid $500 for ten acres of land at Pembroke, where, with the aid of the appropriation made oy the last General Assembly, they erected last year a school building worth about $3,000. They stand very much in need of a dormitory at present. In fact, the school lias grown rapidly during the past two years, and at least another instructor is needed, the total enrollment last year being 216 pupils.

FAYETTEVILLE COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL.

E. E. Smith. Principal.

Founded 1877 Number of buildings

Number of acres of land •"'•• Value of buildings $ 20,000.00

Value of land 2,5< >0.00

•">'.• Number of students ( primary ) Number of students (normal) 169 Number of faculty 7 State appropriation (maintenance) $ 3,000.00 State appropriation (buildings) :;.:;:;::. i H > " Income from sale of Woodard land 2,5< H M I 136 State Govebnment.

ELIZABETH CITY COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL.

P. W. Moore, Principal.

Founded 1892 Number of buildings 2 Number of acres of land 18 Value of buildings $ 14,500.00 Value of land 3,000.00 Number of students (primary) 44 Number of students (intermediate and normal) 320 Number of faculty 9 State appropriation (maintenance) $ 4,050.00 State appropriation (buildings) 3,334.00 Income from Slater Fund 900.00 Income from tuition 320.41 Income from city 237.00

STATE INDUSTRIAL AND NORMAL SCHOOL AT WINSTON-SALEM.

*F. M. Kennedy, Principal.

Founded 1895 Number of buildings 2 Number of acres of land 17 Value of buildings $ 18,000.00 Value of land 1.800.00 Number of volumes in library 1,000 Number of students (primary) 176 Number of students (intermediate and normal) 267 Number of faculty 11 State appropriation (maintenance) $ 4,534.61 State appropriation (buildings) 3,333.00 State appropriation (repairs) 500.00 Income from Slater Fund 1,200.00

*C. G. O'Kelly resigned as principal July, 1910. State Government. L37

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL FOR CROATAN INDIANS AT PEMBROKE.

II. L. Edens, Principal.

Founded 1 887

Number of buildings 1 Number of acres of land 10

Value of building $3,000.t II l Value of land 500.00 Number of students (primary) 9S Number of students (normal) L18 Number of faculty 2

State appropriation (maintenance i $1,250.00

State appropriation (special, for building) 2, 000.00

SUPERINTENDENTS.

Charles L. Coon 1904-191 17 John Duckett 1907-1908

J. A. Bivins 1908-

THE STONEWALL JACKSON MANUAL TRAINING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

Walter Thompson, Superintendent.

Provision was made by the Legislature of 1907 for the establishment of the Stonewall Jackson Training School for the detention and reformation of the criminal youth of the State. Citizens of Cabarrus contributed 227 acres of land By2 miles from Concord, and here the first buildings were erected. The school opened January 12, 1909, with a possible capacity for 60. and has ben By January 1, 1910, the limit of attendance was reached maintained since. Many applications for admission musl be denied for lack of room, equipment, and funds lor maintenance. J. P. Cook is chairman of trustees and Walter Thompson is superintendent. i:;s State Government.

summary. Opened 1909 Buildings 4 Acres of land 290 Value of buildings and equipment $40,100.00 Value of land 10,000.00 Pupils 00 State appropriation— Maintenance .$10,000.00 Permanent improvements 10.000.00

superintendent. Walter Thompson 1909-

THE STATE HOSPITAL AT RALEIGH.

James McKee. M.D.. Superintendent.

The State Hospital at Raleigh is situated one mile directly south- west of the city of Raleigh, just over the city's boundary line. The house was erected on the apex of the watershed between Walnut Creek on the south and Rocky Branch on the north and is drained in the best natural sanitary manner possible. Every one knows that this institution was built for the unfortunate of North Carolina by the unceasing and persistent efforts of Miss Dorothy Dix, who appeared before the Legislature in 1848, and by the effective help and eloquent plea of the Hon. James C. Dobbin, of Fay- etteville, the passage of the bill was secured by a vote of a hundred and one yeas and ten nays. The act provided for the appointment of six commissioners—Hon- orables John M. Morehead. of Guilford: Calvin Graves, of Caswell; T. N. Cameron, of Cumberland: G. W. Mordecai, of Wake; C. L. Hin-

ton, of Wake, and G. O. Watson, of Johnston—to select and purchase a tract of land upon which to erect a building for the purpose of providing for the insane. These rommissioners did their work without compensation, and that they did it well is manifested by the elegant and substantial structure upon tins site. State Government. 139

In 1S56 the building was near enough to completion for the first board of directors to instruct Dr. E. C. Fisher to order in 1<» patients, Fisher been elected Dr. having superintendent by the board. I >r. Fisher held this office until July 7, 1868, when he was superseded by Dr. Eugene Grissom. Dr. Grissoin held the office until succeeded by Dr. William K. Wood, of Halifax County, who remained in office bul a short while, and was succeeded by Dr. George L. Kirby, who died of pneumonia in February, 1901. Dr. James McKee was elected the following March as his successor. He has been in office since and is the present incumbent. The Legislatures have gradually awakened to the necessity of providing for the insane. The Legislature of 1904 gave the Hospital $40,000, and with it a more commodious fireproof building was erected, with a capacity of SO additional female patients. The Legislature of 1907 enacted a law providing for a Hospital Commission, and gave them $500,000 to add to the building and erect upon the grounds such structures as would be conducive to the comfort and restoration of the health of the insane. A storehouse was the first building put up by the commission, at a cost of $4,200; then a carpenter shop at a cost of $3,800. Next an annex for 100 men, at a cost of $48,265. Oul of the $500,000 appropriation the Legislature required them to pay for the Grimes land. 1,136 acres at a cost of $53,500. In 1908 the commission disbursed the following amount: In Feb- ruary, $11,405.75 for heating, plumbing, sewer pipes, sewers, and an addition to complete storeroom. In October, 1908, one building for women. $21,900 ; three groups of buildings, making nine, at $14,813 apiece, one of these groups being for male convalescent patients, and the other two male and female epileptic, respectively, and with the cost of sewer and pipe connection with the A. and M., costing $500, aggregating $66,919. SUMMARY. Founded 1856 Number of buildings L5

Number of acres of land 1 ..".1 1 Number of patients 1,067 Number of attendants 58

Annual appropriation $11 5,< M M >.00 Special appropriation for epileptics L7.234.80 140 State Government.

STATE HOSPITAL AT MORGANTON.

John McCampbell, M.D., Superintendent.

The appropriation for support of the State Hospital at Morganton, for the year 1909 was $175,000; for 1910, $190,000. These amounts- were based upon a per capita cost of $153, for an expected population ; but owing to delay in finishing and equipping certain additions to the Hospital, we did not have as many patients during the two years past as we anticipated. Consequently, we returned to the Treasury something like $20,000. The Hospital now has 1,250 beds. Owing to the increased capacity of the Hospital, we have been able to admit practically all deserving applicants during the past year, though some senile cases and idiots have been rejected. The present capacity of the Hospital will not be sufficient for its needs for a great while. The increased population, with the conse- quent increase in insamty, will no doubt result in a condition of over- crowding within the next twelve months. The Hospital is in need of a better equipment for the treatment of acute cases according to modern methods. We should have a building, or buildings, for the reception, observation, and treatment of acute cases, this department equipped with modem appliances for the application of hydrother- apy, etc. SUMMARY.

Institution founded 1870 Number of buildings 10 Number of acres of land 900 Number of inmates 1,212 Number of attendants 90 Annual appropriation $$ 190,000

SUPERINTENDENTS.

Dr. P. L, Murphy 1882-1907 Dr. John McCampbell 1907- State Government. in

STATE HOSPITAL AT GOLDSBORO.

W. W. Faison, M.D., Superintendent.

This institution was opened for the reception of patients Augusl 1. 1SS0. The number of patients received since its beginning is 3,559; number discharged, 2,834; number of patients remaining on roll, 7 •_'.->. We will need for maintenance in 1911, $87,000; for maintenance in 1912. $90,000. SUMMARY.

Founded 1 sso Number of buildings 12 Number of acres of land 690 Value of buildings and equipment .$270,000.00 Value of land 27,000.00

Number of inmates 7 _'•'> Number of attendants 52

' State appropriation per annum $ 80,000.00

Income from other sources (estimated i 3,500.00

SUPERINTENDENTS. W. H. Moore 1880-18S2 J. D. Roberts 1882-1888 J. F. Miller 1888-1906 W. W. Faison 1906-

NORTH CAROLINA SANATORIUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.

J. E. Brooks, M.D., Superintendent, Montrose. A. C.

The North Carolina Sanatorium for the Treatment of Tuberculosis was authorized by an act of the General Assembly of 1907. For tliis purpose the General Assembly appropriated Hie sum of $15,000 for construction and $5,000 annual maintenance. The sum of $7,750 was 142 State Government. expended for land amounting to 950 acres. Three buildings were begun in 1908, consisting Of one two-story pavilion. 46x68, which would accommodate about 35 patients when completed, a kitchen and dining-room, dining-room to accommodate twenty patients, and one three-room cottage for help to live in. A part of this tract of land consists of a farm with an eight-room farmhouse; there are about sixty acres in cultivation. The General Assembly of 1909 appropriated $30,000 to continue the work of construction and increased the annual maintenance to $7,500. This enabled the institution to install power plant, to fur- — J nisb lights and pump water a complete water system ; plenty pure fresh water is furnished from two deep wells, one of these \ wells being 225 feet and the other 245 feet; plumbing in all the buildings, a complete sewer system. Finish the buildings begun with the first appropriation, and erect the following new buildings: One two-story pavilion to accommodate about 20 patients; one large club- bouse for amusement of such patients as can take exercise: one fourteen-room nurses' building, superintendent's cottage, four-room cottage for colored help, four-room cottage for electrician at power plant, fumigating-room and crematory. A large kitchen and dining- ball to accommodate 100 patients are in course of construction, with funds in band to pay for same. Also, repairs on farmhouse, for the fencing of 300 acres of land, including farm and 200 acres in park: 50 acres have been parked; and development of farm, and a dairy. We bought 325 acres of land with the last appropriation for .$1,200. I making in all 1.275 acres of land. SUMMARY.

The value of buildings and equipment $35,000 Number of acres 1.275 The 'value of land $18,000 Number of patients 30 Attendants 10 Annual appropriation $ 7.7-"0

SUPERINTENDENT.

Dr. J. E. Brooks term, two years. State Government. 1 i:;

OXFORD ORPHAN ASYLUM.

R. L. Brown. Superintendent, Oxford. In the 1872 the year Oxford Orphan Asylum was established by the Grand Lodge of Ancient. Free and Accepted Order of Masons of North Carolina.

It was the first institution of its character established in the Stair and one of the first in the South.

John H. Mills was its first superintendent. He was the pioneer orphanage worker of North Carolina. The purpose of the institution is to provide a temporary home and training school for the homeless boys and girls of the Slate The conditions of admission of the while children of North Caro- lina are: That they are really destitute and homeless; thai they air of sound mind and body; that they are not under six years of age (seldom over thirteen). The benefits of the Oxford Orphan Asylum have never been restricted to the children of Masons alone. At this time only aboul one- eighth or 12% per cent of its children had fathers who were Masons. About two thousand seven hundred children have received the car,. and training of the institution since 1872. The institution is providing the necessities of life for these chil-

! dreu, the opportunity to acquire an English education, industrial training in cottages, kitchen, sewing-room, laundry, shoeshop, printing office, woodworking shop, dairy, and on farm. Each child is in school at least the half of each school day during the school term of nine months. Moral and religious instruction is prominent in the work. In recognition of the services of the Oxford Orphan Asylum, its value to our Commonwealth in its work, the State of North Carolina appropriates $10,000 annually to aid in its maintenance and extension. Annually a report of the operations of the institution is made to the Governor of the State and to the State Board of Public Charities. At the request of the Grand Lodge of Masons, the stale of North Carolina is represented by three members on the Heard of Directors of the Orphanage. These are appointed by the Governor of the State. 144 State Government.

summary. Founded 1S72 Number of buildings 24 Number of acres of land 343 Value of land, buildings and equipment $135,000.00 Number of volumes in library 1,700

• Number of children in institution 325 Number of faculty 31 Annual income (State appropriation) $ 10,000.00 Annual income (otber sources) 10,000.00

' SUPERINTENDENTS.

J. II. Mills Served 11 years. B. F. Dixon Served 7 years. Junius T. Harris Served 3 months. W. S. Black Served 3 years. N. M. Lawrence Served 4 years. W. J. Hicks Served 12 years. R. L. Brown*

* Elected 1910.

THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE CAPITOL.

On the morning of June 21. 1831. the State Capitol of North Caro- lina was destroyed by fire. Though the public records of the State were saved, the State Library, containing many valuable books and manuscripts, was lost. The citizens of Raleigh naturally bemoaned the destruction of the building, but Governor Stokes did not regard it as a great loss. In his opinion there were some mitigating circumstances. In 'his message to the General Assembly, when it met the following November, he said that the calamity was not so great, because the old State- house, built in 1704, was almost ready to tumble down of its own accord, and that perhaps many valuable lives had been saved by its fire instead of the being destroyed by tumbling down on Legislature j while in session. State Government. 1 \r,

At once Senator of Seawell, Wake, brought forward a bill pro- for yiding the erection of a new Capitol on the site of the old one. At the same time a similar bill was introduced in the I Ions.' of Com- mons. As there was a strong sentiment in the State favorable to the removal of the capital from Raleigh to Fayetteville, these two bills to rebuild at Raleigh met with vigorous opposition. Accordingly Senator Seawell's bill was quickly disposed of. Senator Wilson, of Edgecombe, moved to table it. and it was tabled. The House hill was longer discussed. The discussion was prolonged for two days. but on a yea and nay vote the hill failed, 65 to 68. The Assembly of 1831 refused to rebuild.

A year passed, and the ruins of the old Statehouse still marked the site of the former Capitol. But the Constitution, or rather the Ordinance, of 1780 located the capital at Raleigh, and the Legisla- ture had no power to move it. It was even questioned with great seriousness whether the Assembly could hold its sessions in the Gov- ernor's Mansion, at the end of Fayetteville Street, as that was outside of the limits of the town. To move the capital a convention was necessary, and a majority of the Legislature was not favorable to a convention. At the session of November. 1832. the Assemhly. by a vote of 35 to 28 in the Senate and 73 to <»(> in the House, resolved to rebuild on the old site, and $50,000 was appropriated for the purpose. William Boylan, Duncan Cameron. Henry Seawell. Romulus M. Saunders and William S. Mhoon were appointed commissioners to have the work done. The commissioners, with $50,000 at their command, did not dally. The ruhhish was cleared away, the excavations made and the foundations were laid. On July 4. 1833, the corner- stone was set in place. Up to that time W. S. Drummond was the superintendent and chief architect, and he was one of the principal persons in the ceremony of laying the corner-stone. After the foundations were laid the work progressed more slowly, and it was so expensive that the appropriation was exhausted. The Legislature at its next session appropriated $75,000 more. To do the stone and finer work, many skilled artisans had been brought from Scotland and other countries. Part of the work was conducted under the supervision of W. S. Drummond and another pari under Colonel Thomas Bragg, hut these arrangements did not prove satis factory, and a year later, in September, ls:;i. Mr. I. Thiel Town, of

P) 140 State Government.

New York, acting for the commissioners, contracted with David Paton to come to Raleigh and superintend the work.

Mr. Paton" was an architect who had come from Scotland the year ,| before. He was then thirty-three years of age. He was the son of John Paton, of Edinburgh, who was an extensive builder in that city and vicinity and who had built the greater part of the new town and constructed the famous Dean Bridge across the water of Leitli. and he ranked high in his profession. Having received a liberal education at the University of Edinburgh, David Paton took up the profession of his father and was regularly bred as an architect and builder under his father and under Sir John Sloan, K. A., professor of architecture to the Royal Academy of London. He soon demonstrated his capacity. When he first came to Raleigh the < <>st of overseeing the work on the Capitol was $25 a day. He reduced that cost to $9. Twenty-eight stonecutters were paid $81 a day. This he reduced to $56. He made a saving in these two items alone of $42 a day. He found himself to be not merely the supervisor of the work, but the superintendent: not merely the superintendent, but the bookkeeper and paymaster. He had every detail of the work on his shoulders. And. then, he had to make the working drawings. He was the builder, the architect, the designer. Both the commissioners and the architect had large ideas. The former were wise enough to expend the original $50,000. which the General Assembly expected would complete the structure, on its foundation. Their work being severely criticised, they resigned, January 1, 1S35. Their successors were: Beverly Daniel, chair- • and Alfred Jones. The man. Samuel F. Patterson. Charles Manly , Legislature was compelled to make appropriations for the work, from time to time. The following is a table of the several appro-

priations made :

Session of 1832-33 $ 50.000.00 Session of 1833-34 75.000.00 Session of 1834-35 75,000.00 Session of 1S35 75,000.00 Session of 1836-37 120.000.00 Session of 1S38-39 105,300.00 Session of 1S40-41 31.374.46

Total $531,674.46 State Government. pj-

It must be remembered that the stone with which the building was erected was the property of the State. Had the State been con lied to purchase this material, the cost of the Capitol would have been considerably increased. The is following a description of the Capitol, written by David

Paton. the architect : "The State is 160 in Capitol feet length from north to south by 140 feet from east to west. The whole height is 97y3 feel in the center. The of is (34 apex pediment feet in height. The stj locate is feet in IS height. The columns of the east and west porticoes are 5 feet inches in 2y2 diameter. An entablature, including blocking course, is continued around the building. 12 feet high. "The columns and entablature are Grecian Doric, and copied from the Temple of Minerva, commonly called the Parthenon, which was erected in Athens about 500 years before Christ. An octagon tower surrounds the rotunda, which is ornamented with Grecian cornices, etc.. and its dome is decorated at top with a similar ornament to that of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. commonly called the Lan- thorn of Demosthenes.

"The interior of the Capitol is divided into three stories: First, the lower story, consisting of ten rooms, eight of which are appropriated as offices to the Governor, Secretary. Treasurer, and Comp- troller, each having two rooms of the same size—the one containing an area of 649 square feet, the other 528 square feet—the two com-

mittee rooms, each containing 200 square feet, and four closets: also, the rotunda, corridors, vestibules, and piazzas, contain an area of 4,370 square feet. The vestibules are decorated with columns and antse, similar to those of the Ionic Temple on the Ilissus. near the Acropolis of Athens. The remainder is groined with stone and brick, springing from columns and pilasters of the Roman Doric. "The second story consists of Senatorial and Representatives' chambers, the former containing an area of 2,545 and the latter 2,849 square feet. Four apartments enter from Senate Chamber, two of which contain each an area of 169 square feet, and the ether two contain each an area of 154 square feet; also, two rooms enter from

Representatives' chamber, each containing an area of 1 T< square

: of an area of 231 feel : jfeet two committee rooms, each containing four presses and the passages, stairs, lobbies, and colonnades, con- tfaining an area of 3,204 square feet. 14s State Government.

'•The lobbies and Hall of Representatives have their columns and antae of the Octagon Tower of Andronicus Cyrrhestes. and the plan of the hall is of the formation of the Greek theater and the columns and autre in the Senatorial chamber and rotunda are of the Temple of Erectheus. Minerva Polias. and Pandrosus, in the Acropolis of Athens, near the above-named Parthenon. "Third, or attic story, consists of rooms appropriated to the Su- preme Court and Library, each containing an area of 693 square feet. Galleries of both houses have an area of 1.300 square feet: also, two apartments entering from Senate gallery, each 169 square feet, of four pn sscs and the lobbies' stairs. 988 square feet. These lobbies, as well as rotunda, are lit with cupolas, and it is proposed to finish the Court and Library in the florid Gothic style." In the summer of 1840 the work was finished. The Assembly had. in December, 1832. appropriated $50,000 for the building. Mr. Boy- Ian.- Judge Cameron and State Treasurer Mhoon and their associates spent that sum in the foundation. They proposed to have a Capitol worthy of the State. At every subsequent session the Assembly made additional appropriations. There was some caviling, and the commissioners resigned: but the Legislature and the new commissioners took no step backwards. Year by year they pressed on the work as it had been begun, until at last, after more than seven years] the sum of $531,674.46 was expended. As large as that sum was for the time, when the State was so poor and when the entire taxes for all State purposes reached less than $100,000, yet the people were satisfied. The building had been erected with rigorous economy, and it was an object of great pride to the people. Indeed, never was money better expended than in the erection of this noble Capitol. Speaking of this structure. Samuel A. Ashe, in an address on David Paton, delivered in 1909, says: "Not seventy years have passed since the completion of this building, yet it has undying memories. It was finished the year Henry Clay was set aside and his place as the Whig leader given to General the western Harrison. Four years later Clay spoke from , portico! but. like Webster and Calhoun, the prize of the presidency was denied him. The voices of other men of large mould also have been heard within this Capitol. Here. too. our great jurists—Gaston, Kurtin. Pearson and their associates—held their sessions and brought State Government. 1 iw renown to North Carolina. Here Badger, Manguni, Dobbin, and scores of men known to fame held high debates. Here was brought forth in great travail our system of internal improvements, and of education, ramifying the State, disseminating enlightenmenl and opening the pathways to prosperous, contented and happy homes for our people. "Here Ellis and Clark and the mighty Vance directed the affairs of State in the trying days of war and suffering and desolation, the glories mingled with pain and sorrow, and fading away in heart- rending defeat: but through it all the women and men. alike heroes, worthy the poets' loftiest strains. Then, when the people were still bowed in anguish. Carolinians turned their faces to the future, and. with resolution and intelligence, themselves modified their laws and institutions to meet the new conditions; but in vain, for these mute walls are witnesses of the saturnalia of Reconstruction still awaiting some Dante to portray the scenes with realistic power. Yet the dark cloud had its silver lining, and the courageous devotion of Jarvis. John Graham and their Spartan band adds historic interest to that time of fearful storm. "Later, here was the scene of the great State trial, the Impeach- ment of the Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth and the contesl between the intellectual giants of that generation. Governor Graham and Bragg and Merrimon, contesting with Smith and Coningland and Richard Badger. "And these walls have witnessed the reversal of that State poll y forced on an unwilling people by the mailed hand of the coinitu rimr power, and the full restoration of Anglo-Saxon control. Never in history has a people been so clearly and effectually vindicated as those gallant souls of North Carolina, who, emulating the constancy of Ilamilcar, swore their children to undying opposition to those who would destroy their civilization. Let the oppressed of future ages gaze on the scene and take courage. Already hallowed are the m- ories that these chambers evoke. What grand occasions yet await them! We may not lift the veil of the future, but experience warns us that history constantly repeats itself, and as the web woven by destiny unrolls itself there will yet occur within these enduring walls occasions of surpassing magnitude affecting the weal and w I' our posterity." L50 Vote for President, 1900-1908.

VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. Vote fok President, 1900-1908. 151

1900. 1904. 1908.

Counties. > v o•f. o Q 03 X xa M

Lenoir 1,942 1,224 1,386 674 1 1,393 966 Lincoln 892 1,133 22 1,009 761 11 1,222 Macon 977 1,035 4 904 987 4 927 Madison 1,268 2,377 994 1,959 862 Martin 1,819 1,088 1,419 216 1.33N McDowell 1,014 1,024 17 836 931 25 950 Mecklenburg 234 3,786 78 3,142 748 43 :; 926 Mitchell 491 958 408 1,384 550 Montgomery 1,100 920 1 937 858 1,008 Moore 029 1,606 12 1,424 1,178 23 I L09 Nash 2,600 337 1,428 645 6 1,678 New Hanover. _ 2.247 60 91 1 1,254 . 857

Northampton -. 1,992 1,587 1 ,.-.(19 116 1.726 Onslow 1,322 618 S28 451 56 870 Orange 1,275 1,280 10 900 558 25 1,017 Painlrfeo 597 729 574 438 628 Pasquotank 1.196 1,282 947 27.-. 2 929 Pender 1,137 543 903 168 930 Perquimans 830 846 610 378 "T 568 Person 1,466 1,274 7 942 473 750 Pitt 3,264 2,156 36 2,329 429 17 2,419 Polk 484 652 7 497 559 511 Randolph 2.264 2,487 28 2,334 1,808 21 2,472 Richmond 1,264. 504 5 927 306 1,029 Robeson 3,280 1,144 2,274 9S2 6 2,698

1 19 1 Rockingham 2,652 2,252 1,934 276 . 887 1 Rowan 2,460 , 555 275 2,424 1,215 20 2,392 Rutherford 1 2,081 1,981 1,860 1,322 1 ,978 Sampson 1,257 2,002 155 1,079 1.777 1,335 Scotland 925 44 9 646 65 714 Stanly 1,265 792 1,024 1,080 1,491 Stokes 1,443 1.79s 1,104 1,478 1,061 Surry 1,898 2,451 1,741 2,475 1,709 590 strain 782 499 828 COL' Transylvania _. 529 622 556 526 :,70 Tyrrell 466 383 343 367 312 Union 1,790 864 22 1,181 379 20 2.029 Vance 1,233 881 50 1,019 44:-; 6 1,121 Wake___ 4.774 3,947 15 3,410 1,267 23 3,713 Warren 1,573 1,337 1 ,060 165 17 1,066 Washington 834 784 450 428 495 Watauga 923 1,439 773 1,143 31 962 Wavne 3,104 1,965 37 2,060 1,162 34

Wilkes 1,704 2,840 2 1,318 2,470 I 559 Wilson 2,816 1,194 2 1,363 623 Sfadkin 950 1,733 7 691 1,433 .".97 Yancey 954 1,082 1,013 864 '97s

Total 157,733 132,997 1,727 !.-,•_> Vote for State Officers, 1900-1908.

VOTE FOR

Superintendent Public Governor, 1900. Instruction, 1902.

M Counties. o 13 o s SsC o a >> o < <-a o «' S O53 A r.

Alamance. . ,488 2,321 18 1,895 1,487 Alexander. . 892 1,027 881 908 Alleghany. . 784 607 701 536 Anson ,015 522 1,293 59 Ashe ,659 1,969 1,449 1,530 Beaufort .933 1,525 1,719 172 Bertie ,675 996 1.443 82 Bladen 589 1,375 1,057 505 Brunswick.. 915 948 637 323 Buncombe.. 332 3,401 3,246 2,483 Burke 509 ,171 1,239 733 Cabarrus .915 1,550 2 1,417 1,186 Caldwell ,248 1,272 13 1,143 1,019 Camden 545 567 486 95 Carteret 363 957 4 903 til 3 Caswell 421 1,313 2 1,099 175 Catawba 008 1,863 14 1,658 1,391 Chatham 755 1,894 2 1,537 1.351 Cherokee 778 1,080 631 855 Chowan ,055 948 762 60 Clay 3ss 418 352 307 Cleveland _ _ 652 1,172 2,379 745 Columbus. _ 178 1.201 1,571 600

Craven (ill 932 1 , 420 92 Cumberland 719 1,629 1.741 873 Currituck... 002 374 829 6 Dare 524 406 466 366 Davidson ,406 2,275 19 1,961 1,866 Davie 956 1,367 24 s7_' 998 Duplin ,125 1,297 2 1,588 711 Durham.. ,765 2,170 10 1,821 888 Edgecombe. ,758 385 8 1,720 32 Forsyth ,913 2,432 7 2,304 1,952 Franklin ,021 1.831 1 2,253 384 Gaston ,514 1,584 18 2.057 5.S9 Gates ,232 603 763 171 Graham 396 343 386 363 Granville ,540 1,527 1,754 491 Greene ,474 774 1,091 196 Guilford ,071 3,343 24 3,094 1,265 Halifax ,618 S77 2,288 59 Harnett ,515 1,339 1.2:14 639

1 . 1 Haywood. _. ,736 244 1,628 . 153 Henderson. _ ,121 1,468 948 1,166 Hertford ,368 429 1,004 85 Hyde 971 905 723 192 Iredell ,779 2,319 2,295 1,121 Jackson ,118 1,025 968 8S6 Johnston ,777 1,750 2, Mil 924 Jones 906 694 664 143 Vote for State Officers, 1900-1908.

STATE OFFICERS.

Governor, 1904. ir»4 Vote for State Officers, 1900-1908.

Superintendent Public Governor, 1900. Instruction, 1902.

o 0) Counties. o S a o >> -3 a o o -: < < 1-5 n «i o d 02 Q

Lee Lenoir 2,101 Lincoln Macon Madison Martin McDowell Mecklenburg-. Mitchell Montgomery. _ Moore Nash New Hanover. Northampton. Onslow Orange Pamlico Pasquotank Pender Perquimans Person Pitt Polk Randolph Richmond Robeson Rockingham. _ Rowan Rutherford Sampson Scotland Stanly Stokes Surry Swain Transylvania. . Tyrrell Union Vance Wake "Warren Washington... Watauga Wavne Wilkes Wilson Yadkin Yancey Vote for State Officers, 1900-1908. 15

Com- Governor, 1904. Corporation Prohibition, missioner, 1906. May, 1908.

OS © M ~ M a c8 m a o.- 3 -j. o u « l O +a o3 r O Q = o 2 g o e 3 m x o

ffl* 1-5

95 1,471 631 1,484 583 1,062 711 1,205 807 924 963 882 922 1,012 1,939 824 1,552 1,446 179 1,327 255 856 917 10 842 S62 3,229 668 5 2,383 449 417 1,361 290 1,156 967 824 1,038 945 1,487 1,127 1,653 1 ,052 1,489 577 1,623 364 1,284 56 1,286 65 1,539 103 1,088 91 908 439 894 276 952 556 875 489 612 397 582 415 1,001 211 776 141 972 124 917 98 663 311 595 277 949 558 837 567 2,298 439 2,342 630 502 552 483 531 2,409 1,894 22 2,395 2,267 955 274 681 184 2,449 846 2,470 687 2,023 1,214 1,862 1,283 2,497 1,198 11 2,324 1,293 1,873 1,294 ,894 1,382 1,046 1,776 ,199 1,823 662 54 593 43 1,016 1,060 ,515 1,366 1,117 1,483 ,220 1,516 1,833 2,408 ,827 2,316 521 804 514 844 587 500 515 450 392 274 413 237 1,233 297 856 95 1,042 428 1,044 401 3,647 1,091 3,354 960 1,185 134 822 141 500 354 495 395 1,233 o 843 1,192 2,091 1,114 26 2,158 941 1,360 2,437 1 1.507 2,600 1,387 586 1,547 426 703 1,411 578 1,313 1,035 938 1,012 804 15G Vote for At'ditor. 1910.

VOTE FOR STATE AUDITOR, 1010.

Counties.

Alamance. . 2,155 Alexander. _ 820 Alleghany . _ 729 Anson 1,521 Ashe 1,707 Beaufort 1,795 Bertie 1.055

Bladen 1 ,082 Brunswick.. 766 Buncombe. . 3,801 Burke 1.444 Cabarrus 1,840 Caldwell 1,558 Camden 345 Carteret 971 Caswell 826 Catawba 2.108 Chatham 1.721 Cherokee 858 Chowan 617 Clay 358 Cleveland __ 2,581

Columbus. . 1 ,VfiS Craven 1.373

Cumberland . 1,779 Currituck... 437 Dare 420 Davidson 2,435 Davie 836 Duplin 1.795 Durham 2.144 Edgecombe . 1.471 Forsyth 2.941 Franklin 1,979 Gaston 2.353 Gates 667 Graham 439 Granville 1,536 Greene 950 Guilford 3,654 Halifax 2,252 Harnett 1.435 Haywood. __ 2.025 Henderson _. 947 Hertford 755 Hyde 567 Iredell 2,743 Jackson 1,181 Johnston 2,946 Jones 575 Lee 806 Vote for Auditor. 1910. \",

Counties.

Lenoir 1,472 Lincoln Macon Madison Martin McDowell Mecklenburg. Mitchell Montgomery. Moore Nash New Hanover Northampton Onslow Orange Pamlico Pasquotank.. Pender Perquimans. . Person Pitt Polk Randolph Richmond Robeson Rockingham. Rowan Rutherford _ _ Sampson Scotland Stanlv Stokes Surry Swain Transylvania. Tyrrell Union Vance Wake.. Warren

Washington. . Watauga Wavne Wilkes Wilson Yadkin Yancey

Total.. _ 1000-1910. 1 58 Vote for Congressmen.

VOTE FOR CONGRESS.

FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900.

Counties. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 159

FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1904. 160 Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 161

SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900.

Counties. 1G2 Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1004. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-11 Mu. 163

SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. 164 Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900. Vote fob Congressmen, 1900-1910. LI ... 1G6 Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. Tote fob Congressmen, 1900-1910. it;

FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900.

Counties. n;s Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1904.

Counties. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 1 i i ;:

FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. 170 Vote for Congressmen. 1900-1910.

FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 171

FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1904. 172 Vote fob Congressmen, 1900-1910.

FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. Vote for Congressmen. 1900-1910.

SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900

Counties. 174 Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1904. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. 176 A'ote for Congressmen, l!Hi< 1-1910.

SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900.

Counties. Vote foe Congressmen, 1900-1910 IT'

SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRII T

Counties. ITS Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 17: i

EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, l'JOO.

Counties. L80 Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910.

EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1904.

Counties. Vote foe Congressmen, 1900-1910. LSI

EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1908.

Counties. 182 Vote fob Congressmen, 1900-1010.

NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1900. Vote for Congressmen. Uino-iino. 183

NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1904.

Counties.

Burke Catawba Cleveland Gaston Lincoln Madison Mecklenburg Mitchell Yancey

Totals.. 184 Vote for Co.m.hkssmk.n, l!MiO-1!HO. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 1X.j

TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, I'm.1 18G Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1010.

TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1906. Vote for Congressmen, 1900-1910. 187

TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1910. CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.

PREAMBLE. 1

We. the people of the State of North Carolina, grateful to Almighty God, the Sovereign Ruler of Nations, for the preservation of the American Union, and the existence of our civil, political and religious liberties, and acknowledging our dependence upon Him for the continuance of those blessings to us and our posterity. do for the more certain security thereof, and for the better government of this State, ordain and establish this Constitution :

ARTICLE I.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

That the great, general and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, and that the relations of this State to the Union and Government of the United States, and those of the people of this State to the rest of the American people, may be defined and affirmed, we do declare: Section 1. That we hold it to be self-evident that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that anion-- these are life, liberty, the enjoyment of the fruits of their own labor, and the pursuit of happiness. Sec. -. That all political power is vested in. and derived from, the people: all government of right originates from the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole. Sec. 3. That the people of this State have the inherent, sole, and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police thereof, and of altering and abolishing their Constitution and form of government whenever it may be necessary for their safety and happiness; but every such right should be exercised in pursuance of law. and consistently with the Constitution of the United States. Sec 4. That this State shall ever remain a member of the American Union; that the people thereof are a part of the Ameri- can Nation: that there is no right on the part of the State to State Constitution. [89 secede, and that all attempts, from whatever sourc • upon whatever pretext, to dissolve said Union, or to sever said Nation, oughl to be resisted with the whole power of the State. Sec. 5. That every citizen of this State owes paramount allegiance to the Constitution and Government of the United States, and that no law or ordinance of the State in contravention or sub- version thereof can have any binding force. Sec. 6. The State shall never assume or pay. or authorize the collection of any debt or obligation, express or implied, incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United Stales, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; nor shall the General Assembly assume or pay. or authorize the collection of any tax to pay. either directly or indirectly, expressed or implied, any debt or bond incurred, or issued, by authority of the Conven- tion of the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, nor any debt or bond incurred or issued by the Legislature of the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, at its special session of the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, or at its regular sessions of the years one thousand eighl hundred and sixty-eight and one thousand ei;.r ht hundred and sixty-nine and one thousand eight hundred and seventy, except the bonds issued to fund the interest on the old debt of the State, unless the pro- posing to pay the same shall have first been submitted to the pie and by them ratified by the vote of a majority of all the qualified voters of the State, at a regular election held for that purpose. Sec. 7. No man or set of men are entitled to exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges from the community but in consideration of public services. Sec. S. The legislative, executive and supreme judicial powers of the government ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other. Sec 9. All power of suspending laws, or the executi f laws. by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the people, is injurious to their rights, and oughl not to be exer cised. Sec. 10. All elections ought to be \'vrv. Sec. 11. In all criminal prosecutions, every man lias the riglil to be informed of the accusation against him and to confront the ac- 190 State Constitution.

cusers and witnesses with other testimony, and to have .counsel for his defense, and not to be compelled to give evidence against himself or to pay costs, jail fees, or necessary witness fees of the defense, unless found guilty. Sec. 12. No person shall be put to answer any criminal charge, except as hereinafter allowed, but by indictment, presentment or impeachment. Sec 13. No person shall be convicted of any crime but by the unanimous verdict of a jury of good and lawful men in open court. The Legislature may, however, provide other means of trial for petty misdemeanors, with the right of appeal. Sec 14. Excessive bail should uot be required, uor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted. Sec 15. General warrants, whereby any officer or messenger may be commanded to search suspected places, without evidence of the act committed, or to seize any person or persons not uamed. whose offense is not particularly described and supported by evidence, are dangerous to liberty and ought not to be granted. Sec 16. There shall be no imprisonment for debt in this State, except in cases of fraud. Sec IT. No person ought to be taken, imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed or exiled, or in any manner deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by the law of the land. Sec 18. Every person restrained of his liberty is entitled to a remedy to enquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the

same, if unlawful : and such remedy ought not to be denied or de- layed. Sec 19. In all controversies at law respecting property, the ancient mode of trial by jury is one of the best securities of the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and inviolable. Sec 20. The freedom of the press is one of the great bulwarks of liberty, and therefore ought never to be restrained, but every individual shall be held responsible for the abuse of the same. Sec 21. The privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended. Sec 22. As political rights and privileges are not dependent upon, or modified by. property, therefore no property qualification ought to affect the right to vote or hold office. State Constitution. i:h

Sec. 23. The people of the State ought n«it to be taxed, or made subject to the payment of any impost or duty, withoul the consent of or their themselves, representatives in General Assembly freely given. Sec. 24. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to beep and bear .inns shall not be infringed; and. as standing armies in time of peace are to dangerous liberty, they ought not to be kept up, ami the military should be kept under strict subordination to. and governed by, the civil power. Nothing herein contained shall justify the practice of carrying concealed weapons, or prevent the Legislature from enact- ing penal statutes against said practice. Sec 25. The people have a right to assemble together to consull for their common good, to instruct their representatives, ami to apply to the Legislature for redress of grievances. lint sgcjcej political_s^ci^tij&_axe-d^ajg£ruus to the liberties of a free people. and should not be tolerated. Sic. 2<>. All men have a natural and inalienable right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and no human authority should, in any case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience. Sec. 27. The people have the right to the privilege of education, and it is the duty of the State to guard and maintain thai right. Sec. 28. For redress of grievances, and for amending and strengthening the laws, elections should be often held. Sec. 29. A frequent recurrence to fundamental principles is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty. Sec. 30. No hereditary emoluments, privileges or honors oughl to be granted or conferred in this State. Sec. 31. Perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a free State and ought not to be allowed. Sec. 32. Retrospective laws, punishing acts committed before the existence of such laws, and by them only declared criminal, are oppressive, unjust and incompatible with liberty; wherefore no - ./ poxt facto law ought to be made. No law taxing retrospectively sales, purchases, or other acts previously done, oughl to be passed Sec. 33. Slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than for crime, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be and are hereby forever prohibited within the State. 192 State Constitution.

Sec. 34. The limits and boundaries of the State shall be and remain as they now are. Sec. 35. All courts shall be open; and every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Sec. 36. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any

house without the consent of the owner : nor in time of war but in a manner prescribed by the law. Sec. oT. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people; and all powers not herein delegated remain with the people.

ARTICLE II.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

Section 1. The legislative authority shall be vested in two distinct branches, both dependent on the people, to wit, a Senate and House of Representatives. Six. 2. The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet biennially mi the first Wednesday after the first Monday in Janu-

ary next after their election ; and. when assembled, shall be denominated the General Assembly. Neither house shall proceed upon public business unless a majority of all the members are actually present.

Sec. .'!. The Senate shall be composed of fifty Senators, biennially chosen by ballot. Six. 4. The Senate Districts shall be so altered by the General Assembly, at the first session after the return of every enumeration by order of Congress, that each Senate District shall contain, as near as may lie. an equal number of inhabitants, excluding aliens and Indians not taxed, and shall remain unaltered until the return of another enumeration, and shall at all times consist of contiguous territory, and no county shall be divided in the formation of a Senate District, unless such county shall be equitably entitled to two or more Senators.

Sic. Ty. The House of Representatives shall lie composed of one hundred and twenty Representatives, biennially chosen by ballot, to be elected by the counties respectively, according to their popula- State Constitution. [93

each tion, and county shall have at least one representative In i In- House of Representatives, although it may not contain the requi- site ratio of representation; this apportionment shall be made by the General Assembly at the respective times and periods when the Districts of the Senate are hereinbefore directed to be laid off. Sec. 6. In making the apportionment in the House of Represent- atives, the ratio of representation shall be ascertained by divid- ing the amount of the population of the Stale, exclusive of that comprehended within those counties which do not severally contain the one hundred and twentieth part of the population of the State, by the number of Representatives, less the number assigned to such counties; and in ascertaining the number of the population of the State, aliens and Indians not taxed shall not he included. To each county containing the said ratio and not twice the said ratio, there shall be assigned one Representative; to each county containing two but not three times the said ratio, there shall lie assigned two Representatives, and so on progressively, and then the remaining Representatives shall be assigned severally to the counties having the largest fractions. Sec. 7. Each member of the Senate shall not he less than twenty-five years of age, shall have resided in the Stale as a citizen two years, and shall have usually resided in the district for which he is chosen one year immediately preceding his election. Sec. 8. Each member of the House of Representatives shall he a qualified elector of the State, and shall have resided in the county for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election. Sec. 9. In the election of all officers, whose appointmenl shall he conferred upon the General Assembly by the Constitution, the vote shall be viva voce. Sec. 10. The General Assembly shall have the power i<> pass general laws regulating divorce and alimony, hut shall qoI bave power to grant a divorce or secure alimony in any individual case. Sec. 11. The General Assembly shall not have power in pass any private law to alter the name of any person, or to legitimate any person not born in lawful wedlock, or to restore to the riu-his of crime, hut shall citizenship any person convicted of an infamous have power to pass general laws regulating the same.

13 194 Si ate Constitution,

Sec. 12. The General Assembly shall not pass any private law, unless it shall . be made to appear that thirty days' notice of application to pass such a law shall have been given, under such direction and in such manner as shall be provided by law. Sec. 13. If vacancies shall occur in the General Assembly by death, resignation or otherwise, writs of election shall be issued by the Governor under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. Sec 14. No law shall be passed to raise money on the credit of the State, or to pledge the faith of the State, directly or indirectly, for the payment of any debt, or to impose any tax upon the people of the State, or allow the counties, cities or towns to do so. unless the bill for the purpose shall have been read three several times in each house of the General Assembly and passed three several readings, which readings shall have been on three different days, and agreed to by each house, respectively, and unless the yeas and nays mi the second and third readings of the lull shall have been entered on the journal. Sec 15. The General Assembly shall regulate entails in such manner as to prevent perpetuities. Sec 16. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall be printed and made public immediately after the adjournment of the General Assembly. Sec 17. Any member of either house may dissent from and protest against any act or resolve which he may think injurious to the public, or any individual, and have the reasons of his dissent entered on the journal. Sec IS. The House of Representatives shall choose their own Speaker and other officers. Sec 10. The Lieutenant Governor shall preside in the Senate, but shall have no vote unless it may be equally divided. Sec 20. The Senate shall choose its other officers and also a Speaker (pro tempore) in the absence of the Lieutenant Governor, or when he shall exercise the office of Governor. Sec 21. The style of the acts shall be: "The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact." Sec 22. Each house shall be jud^e of the qualifications and election of its own members, shall sit upon its own adjournment from

day to day, prepare bills to be passed into laws : and the two houses may also jointly adjourn to any future day or other place. State Constitution. i:,-

Sec. 23. All bills and resolutions of a legislative nature shall be read three times in each house, before they pass into laws; and shall be signed by the presiding officers of both Ik. uses. Sec, 24. Each member of the General Assembly, before taking his seat, shall take an oath or affirmation that he will supporl the Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of North Carolina, and will faithfully discharge his duty as a member of the Senate or House of Representatives. Sec 25. The terms of office for Senators and members of the House of .Representatives shall commence at the time of their election. Sec. 26. Upon motion made and seconded in either house by one- fifth the of membes present, the yeas and nays upon any question shall be taken and entered upon the journals. Sec 27. The election for members of the General Assembly shall be held for the respective districts and counties, at the pla< where they are now held, or may be directed hereafter to be held, in such manner as may be prescribed by law, on the first Thursday in August, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and every two years thereafter. But the General Assembly may change the time of holding the elections. Sec 28. The members of the Genera! Assembly for the term Cor which they have been elected shall receive as a compensation for their services the sum of four dollars per day for each day of their session, for a period not exceeding sixty days; and should they remain longer in session they shall serve without compensation. They shall also be entitled to receive ten cents per mile, both while coming to the seat of government and while returning borne, the said distance to be computed by the nearest line or route of public travel. The compensation of the presiding officers of the two houses shall be six dollars per day and mileage. Should an extra session of the General Assembly be called, the members and presiding officers shall receive a like rale of compensation for a period not exceeding twenty days. 196 State Constitution.

ARTICLE III.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Section 1. The Executive Department shall consist of a Gov- ernor, in whom shall be vested the supreme executive power of the State, a Lieutenant Governor, a Secretary of State, an Auditor, a Treasurer, a Superintendent of Public Instruction, and an Attor- ney-General, who shall be elected for a term of four years by the qualified electors of the State, at the same time and places and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly are elected. Their term of office shall commence on the first day of January next after their election, and continue until their successors are elected and qualified: Provided, that the officers first elected shall assume the duties of their office ten days after the approval of this

< 'constitution by the Congress of the United States, and shall hold their offices four years from and after the first day of January. Sec. 2. No person shall be eligible as Governor or Lieutenant Governor unless he shall have attained the age of thirty years, shall have been a citizen of the United States five years, and shall have been a resident of this State for two years next before the

election ; nor shall the person elected to either of these two offices be eligible to the same office more than four years in any term of eight years, unless the office shall have been cast upon him as Lieutenant Governor or President of the Senate. Sec. 3. The return of every election for officers of the Executive Department shall be sealed up and transmitted to the seat of government by the returning officers, directed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall open and publish the same in the presence of a majority of the members of both houses of the General Assembly. The person having the highest number of votes

respectively shall be declared duly elected ; but if two or more be equal and highest in votes for the same office, the one of them shall be chosen by joint ballot of both houses of the General As- sembly. Contested elections shall be determined by a joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. Sec 4. The Governor, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall, in the presence of the members of both branches State Constitution. 197 of the General Assembly, or before any Justice of the Supreme

Court, take an oath or affirmation that he will support the < ''institution and laws of the United States, and of the State of North Carolina, and that he will faithfully perform the duties apper- taining to the office of Governor, to which he has been elected. Sec. 5. The Governor shall reside at the seat of government of this State, and he shall, from time to time, give the General .\» sembly information of the affairs of the State, ami recommend t" their consideration such measures as he shall deem expedient. Sec. 6. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses (excepl in cases of impeachment), upon such conditions as he may think proper, subject to such regulations as may he provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. lie shall biennially communicate to the General Assembly each case of reprieve. commutation, or pardon granted, stating the name of each convict, the crime for which he was convicted, the sentence and its date, the date of the commutation, pardon, or reprieve and the reasons therefor. Sec 7. The officers of the Executive Department and of the public institutions of the State shall, at least live days previous to each regular session of the General Assembly, severally report to the Governor, who shall transmit such reports with Ins message to the General Assembly; and the Governor may. at any time. require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and shall take care that the laws lie faithfully executed. Sec. S. The Governor shall be Commander in Chief of Hie militia of the State, except when they shall he called into the service of the United States. Sec 0. The Governor shall have power, on extraordinary occasion, by and with the advice of the Council of State, to convene the General Assembly in extra session by his proclamation, stating therein the purpose or purposes tor which they are thus convened. Sec 10. The Governor shall nominate and, by and with the ad vice and consent of a majority of the Senators-elect, appoiuj all •officers whose offices are established by this Constitution and whose appointments are not otherwise provided for. 19S State Constitution.

Sec 11. The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Sen- ate, but shall have no vote unless the Senate be equally divided. He shall, whilst acting as President of the Senate, receive for his services the same pay which shall, for the same period, be allowed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives ; and he shall receive no other compensation except when he is acting as Gov- ernor. Sec. 12. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his failure to qualify, his absence from the State, his inability to discharge

the duties of his office, or, in case the office of Governor shall in anywise become vacant, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor until the disability shall cease or a new Governor shall be elected and qualified. In every case in which the Lieutenant Governor shall be unable to preside over the Senate, the Senators shall elect one of

their own number President of their body ; and the powers, duties and emoluments of the office of Governor shall devolve upon him

whenever . the Lieutenant Governor shall, for any reason, be prevented from discharging the duties of such office as above provided, and he shall continue as acting Governor until the disabili- ties are removed, or a new Governor or Lieutenant Governor shall be elected and qualified. Whenever, during the recess of the General Assembly, it shall become necessary for the President of the Senate to administer the government, the Secretary of State shall convene the Senate, that they may select such President. Sec. 13. The respective duties of the Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer. Superintendent of Public Instruction, and Attorney- General shall be prescribed by law. If the office of any of said officers shall be vacated by death, resignation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the Governor to appoint another until the disability be removed or his successor be elected and qualified. Every such vacancy shall be filled by election at the first general election»that occurs more than thirty days after the vacancy has taken place, and the person chosen shall hold the office for the remainder of the unexpired term fixed in the first section of this article. Sec 14. The Secretary of State. Auditor, Treasurer, and Super- intendent of Public Instruction shall constitute, ex officio, the Council of State, who shall advise the Governor in the execution

of his office, any three of whom shall constitute a quorum. Their State Constitution. 199 advice in and proceedings this capacity shall be entered in a journal to be kept for this purpose exclusively, and signed by the members present, from any part of which any member may enter bis dissent: and such journal shall be placed before the General Assembly when called for by either house. The Attorney-General shall be ex officio the legal adviser of the Executive Department. Sec. 15. The officers mentioned in this article shall, at stated periods, receive for their services a compensation to be established by law. which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the time for which they shall have been elected, and the said officers shall receive no other emolument or allowance whatever. Sec. 16. There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be kepi by the Governor, and used by. him as occasion may require, and shall be called "The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina." All grants and commissions shall be issued in the name and by the authority of the State of North Carolina, sealed with "The Gr Seal of the State," signed by the Governor and countersigned by the Secretary of State. Sec. 17. The General Assembly shall establish a Departmenl of Agriculture. Immigration, and Statistics, under such regulations as may best promote the agricultural interests of the State, and shall enact laws for the adequate -protection and encouragement of sheep husbandrv. ARTICLE IY.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

Section 1. The distinctions between actions at law and suits in equity, and the forms of all such actions and suits, shall be abolished; and there shall be in this State but one for I action for the enforcement or protection of private rights or the redress of private wrongs, which shall be denominated a civil action; and every action prosecuted by tin' people of the State as a party against a person charged with a public offense, for the punishment of the same, shall be termed a criminal action. Feigned issues shall also be abolished, and the fact at i

Courts, Courts of Justice of the Peace, and such other courts inferior to the Supreme Court as may be established by law.

Sec. •". The Court for the Trial of Impeachments shall be the Senate. A majority of the members shall be necessary to a quorum, and the judgment shall not extend beyond removal from, and disqualification to hold, office in this State; but the party shall be liable to indictment and punishment according to law. Sec. 4. The House of Representatives solely shall have the power of impeaching. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators present. When the Governor is impeached, the Chief Justice shall preside. Sec. o. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying

war against it, or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act. or on confession in open court. No conviction of treason or attainder shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture. Sec. G. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. Sec. 7. The terms of the Supreme Court shall be held in the city of Raleigh, as now, unless otherwise provided by the General As- sembly. Sec. 8. The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to review, upon appeal, any decision of the courts below, upon any matter of law or legal inference. And the jurisdiction of said court over "issues of fact" and "questions of fact" shall be the same exercised by it before the adoption of the Constitution of one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and the court shall have the power to issue any remedial writs necessary to give it a general supervision and control over the proceedings of the inferior courts. Sec. 9. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction to hear claims against the State, but its decisions shall be merely in of shall issue recommendatory ; no process the nature execution thereon: they shall be reported to the next session of the General Assembly for its action. Sec. 10. The State shall be divided into nine judicial districts, for each of which a Judge shall be chosen; ami there shall be held a Superior Court in each county at least twice in each year, to - State Constitution . 20] continue for such time iu each county as may be prescribed by law. But the General Assembly may reduce or increase the number of districts. Sec 11. Every Judge of the Superior Court shall reside in the district for which he is elected. The Judges shall preside in the courts of the different districts successively, hut no Judge shall hold the courts in the same districts oftener than once in ruin- years; but in case of the protracted illness of the Judge assigned to preside in any district, or of any other unavoidable accidenl to him, by reason of which he shall be unable to preside, the Gov- ernor may require any Judge to hold one or more specified terms in said district, in lieu of the Judge assigned to hold the courts of the said district. Sec. 12. The General Assembly shall have no power to deprive the Judicial Department of any power or jurisdiction which right- fully pertains to it as a coordinate department of the governmenl : but the General Assembly shall allot and distribute that portii l this power and jurisdiction which dogs not pertain to the Su- preme Court among the other courts prescribed in this Constitu- tion or which may lie established by law. in such manner as it may deem best; provide, also, a proper system of appeals, and regulate by law, when necessary, the methods of proceeding, in tin' exercise of their powers, of all the courts below the Supreme Court, so far as the same may be done without conflict with other provisions of this Constitution. Sec 13. In all issues of fact, joined in any court, the parties may waive the right to have the same determined by a jury, in which case the finding of the Judge upon the facts shall have the force and effect of a verdict by a jury. Sec 14. The General Assembly shall provide lor the establishment of special courts, for the trial of misdemeanors, in cities and towns where the same may be necessary. Sec 15. The Clerk of the Supreme Court shall lie appointed by the Court, and shall hold his office for eighl years. Sec 16. A Clerk of the Superior Court for each county shall he elected by the qualified voters thereof, at the time and in the man ner prescribed by law for the election of members of the General Assembly. 202 State Constitution.

Sec. 17. Clerks of the Superior Courts shall hold their offices for four years. Sec. IS. The General Assembly shall prescribe and regulate the fees, salaries and emoluments of all officers provided for in this

article ; but the salaries of the Judges shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec. 10. The laws of North Carolina, not repugnant to this Con- stitution, or the Constitution and laws of the United States, shall be in force until lawfully altered. Sec 20. Actions at law, and suits in equity, pending when this Constitution shall go into effect, shall be transferred to the courts having jurisdiction thereof, without prejudice by reason of the change; and all such actions and suits commenced before, and pending at the adoption by the General Assembly of the rules of practice and procedure heroin provided for, shall be heard and determined according to the practice now in use, unless otherwise provided for by said rules. Sec. 21. The Justices of the Supreme Court shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State, as is provided for the election of members of the General Assembly. They shall hold their offices for eight years. The Judges of the Superior Courts, elected at the first election under this amendment, shall be elected in like manner as is provided for Justices of the Supreme Court, and shall hold their offices for eight years. The General Assembly may, from time to time, provide by law that the Judges of the Superior Courts, chosen at succeeding elections, instead of being elected by the voters of the whole State, as is herein provided for, shall be elected by the voters of their respective districts. Sec. 22. The Superior Courts shall be at all times open for the transaction of all business within their jurisdiction, except the trial of issues of fact requiring a jury. Sec 23. A Solicitor shall be elected for each judicial district by the qualified voters thereof, as is prescribed for members of the General Assembly, who shall hold office for the term of four years, and prosecute on behalf of the State, in all criminal actions in the Superior Courts, and advise the officers of justice in his district. Sec 24. In each county a sheriff and coroner shall be elected by the qualified voters thereof, as is prescribed for members of the General Assembly, and shall hold their offices for two years. In State Constitution. 203 each township there shall be a constable elected in like manner by the voters thereof, who shall hold his office for two years. When there is no coroner in a county, the Clerk of the Superior Court for the comity may appoint one for special cases, in case of a vacancy existing for any cause in any of the offices created by this section, the commissioners of the county may appoint to such office for the unexpired term. Sec. 25. All vacancies occurring in the offices provided for by this article of the Constitution shall be filled by the appointment of the Governor, unless otherwise provided for, and the appointees shall hold their places until the next regular election for members of the General Assembly, when elections shall be held to till such offices. If any person, elected or appointed to any of said offices, shall neglect and fail to qualify, such offices shall be appointed to, held and filled as provided in case of vacancies occurring therein. All incumbents of said office shall hold until their successors are qualified. Sec. 26. The officers elected at the first election held under this Constitution shall hold their offices for the terms prescribed for them respectively, next ensuing after the next regular election for ' members of the General Assembly. But their terms shall begin upon the approval of this Constitution by the Congress of the United States. Sec. 27. The several justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction, under such regulations as the General Assembly shall prescribe, of civil actions, founded on contract, wherein the sum demanded shall not exceed two hundred dollars, and wherein the title to real estate shall not be in controversy: and of all criminal matters arising within their counties where the punishment cannol exceed a fine of fifty dollars or imprisonment for thirty days. Ami the General Assembly may give to justices of the peace jurisdiction of other civil actions, wherein the value of the property in contro he versy does not exceed fifty dollars. When an issue of tact shall joined before a justice, on demand of either party therein, he shall cause a jury of six men to be summoned, who shall try the same. The party against whom judgment shall he rendered in any civil action may appeal to the Superior Court from the same. In all cases of a criminal nature, the party againsl whom judgmenl is given may appeal to the Superior Court, where the mailer shall be -i » I State Constitution.

heard anew. In all cases brought before a justice, he shall make a record of the proceedings and file same with the Clerk of the Superior Court for his county. Sec. 28. When the office of justice of the peace shall become vacant otherwise than by expiration of the term, and in case of a failure by the voters of any district to elect, the Clerk of the Supe^ rior Court for the county shall appoint to fill the vacancy for the unexpired term. Sec. 29. In case the office of Clerk of a Superior Court for a county shall become vacant otherwise than by the expiration of the term, and in case of a failure by the people to elect, the Judge of the Superior Court for the county shall appoint to till the vacancy until an election can be regularly held. Sec. 30. In case the General Assembly shall establish other courts inferior to the Supreme Court, the presiding officers and clerks thereof shall be elected in such manner as the General Assembly may from time to time prescribe, and they shall hold their offices for a term uot exceeding eight years. Sec. 31. Any Judge of the Supreme Court, or of the Superior Courts, and the presiding officers of such courts inferior to the Su- preme Court as may be established by law, may be removed from office for mental or physical inability, upon a concurrent resolution of two-thirds of both houses of the General Assembly. The Judge or presiding officer, against whom the General Assembly may be about to proceed, shall receive notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged for his removal, at least twenty days before the day oil which either house of the General Assembly shall act thereon. Sec 32. Any Clerk of the Supreme Court, or of the Superior Courts, or of such courts inferior to the Supreme Court as may be established by law. may be removed from office for mental or physical inability; the Clerk of the Supreme Court by the Judges of said Court, the Clerks of the Superior Courts by the Judge riding the district, and the clerks of such courts inferior to the Supreme Court as may be established by law by the presiding officers of said courts. The clerk against whom proceedings are instituted shall receive notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged for his removal, at least ten days before the day appointed to act thereon, and the clerk shall be entitled to an appeal to the next State Constitution. 205 term of the Superior Court, and thence to the Supreme Court as provided in other eases of appeals. Sec. 33. The amendments made to the Constitution of North Carolina by this Convention shall not have the effecl to vacate any office or term of office now existing under the Constituti t the State and tilled or held by virtue of any election or appointmenl under the said Constitution and the laws of the State made in pursuance thereof. ARTICLE V.

REVENUE AND TAXATION.

Section 1. The General Assembly shall levy a capitation tax mi every male inhabitant in the State over twenty-one and under fifty years of age, which shall be equal on each to the tax on property valued at three hundred dollars in cash. The commissioners of the several counties may exempt from capitation tax in special cases, on account of poverty and infirmity, and the state and county capitation tax combined shall never exceed two dollars on the head. Sec. 2. The proceeds of the State and county capitation tax shall be applied to the purposes of education and the support of the poor, but in no one year shall more than twenty-live per cenl thereof l>e appropriated to the latter purpose. Sec. 3. Laws shall be passed taxing, by a uniform rule, all moneys, credits, investments in bonds, stocks, joint-stock companies, or otherwise; and, also, all real and personal property. according to its true value in money. The General Assembly may also tax trades, professions, franchises, and incomes: Provided, that no income shall be taxed when the properly from which the income is derived is taxed.

Sec. 4. Until the bonds of the State shall he at par. the General Assembly shall have no power to contract any new debt or pecuniary obligation in behalf of the State, excepl to supply a casual shall deficit, or for suppressing invasions or insurrections, unless it in the same bill levy a special tax to pay the interest annually. And the General Assembly shall have no power to give or lend the credit of the State in aid of any person, association or corporation, except to aid in the completion of such railroads as may he unfinished at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, or in which 20G State Constitution.

the State has a direct pecuniary interest, unless the subject be submitted to a direct vote of the people of the State, and be approved by the majority of those who shall vote thereon. Sec. 5. Property belonging to the State, or to municipal corporations, shall be exempt from taxation. The General Assembly may exempt cemeteries and property held for educational, scientific, literary, charitable or religious purposes; also wearing apparel, arms for muster, household and kitchen furniture, the mechanical libraries and agricultural implements of mechanics and farmers, and scientific instruments, or any other personal property, to a value not exceeding three hundred dollars. several Sec. 6. The taxes levied by the commissioners of the counties for county purposes shall be levied in like manner with the State taxes, and shall never exceed the double of the State tax, of the except for a special purpose, and with the special approval General Assembly. a tax shall Sec. 7. Every act of the General Assembly levying it shall state the special object to which it is to be applied, and be applied to no other purpose.

ARTICLE VI.

SUFFRAGE AND ELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE. and Section 1. Every male person born in the United States, of every male person who has been naturalized, twenty-one years in this article, shall age, and possessing the qualifications set out be entitled to vote at any election by the people in the State, except as herein otherwise provided. for Sec 2. He shall have resided in the State of North Carolina ward or two years, in the county six months, and in the precinct, other election district in which he offers to vote, four mouths next

that removal from one precinct, f preceding the election : Provided, ward, or other election district, to another in the same county, vote in shall not operate to deprive any person of the right to from which he has re- the precinct, ward or other election district has moved until four months after such removal. No person who been convicted, or who has confessed his guilt in open court upon is or indictment, of any crime, the punishment of which now may - State Constitution . 201

hereafter be imprisonment in the State's Prison, shall be permitted to said vote unless the person shall be first restored to citizenship in the manner prescribed by law. Sec. 3. Every person offering to vote shall be at the time a legally registered voter as herein prescribed and in the manner hereafter provided by law, and the General Assembly of North Carolina shall enact general registration laws to carry into effect the provisions of this article. Sec. 4. Every person presenting himself for registration shall be able to read and write any section of the Constitution in the Eng- lish language; and before he shall be entitled to vote he shall have paid, on or before the first day of May of the year in which he proposes to vote, his poll tax for the previous year as prescribed by Article V, section 1, of the Constitution. But no male person who was on January 1, 1S67, or at any time prior thereto, entitled to vote under the laws of any State in the United States wherein lie then resided, and no lineal descendant of any such person, shall be denied the right to register and vote at any election in this State by reason of his failure to possess the educational qualifications herein prescribed: Provided, he shall have registered in accordance with the terms of this section prior to December 1. 190S. The General Assembly shall provide for the registration of all persons entitled to vote without the educational qualifications herein prescribed, and shall, on or before November 3, 1908, provide for the making of a permanent record of such registration, and all persons so registered shall forever thereafter have the righl to vote in all elections by the people in this State, unless disqualified under section 2 of this article: Provided, such person shall have paid his poll tax as above required. Sec. 5. That this amendment to the Constitution is presented and adopted as one indivisible plan for the regulation of the suffrage, with the intent and purpose to so connect the different parts and to make them so dependent upon each other that the whole shall stand or fall together. Sec. 6. All elections by the people shall he by ballot, ami all elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce. Sec. 7. Every voter in North Carolina, except as in ibis article disqualified, shall be eligible to office, but before entering upon the duties of the office he shall take and subscribe the following oath: 20S State Constitution.

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and maintain the Constitution and laws of the United States and the Constitution and laws of North Carolina not inconsistent therewith, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office as So help me, God." Sec. S. The following classes of persons shall be disqualified for office: First, all persons who shall deny the being of Almighty God. Second, all persons who shall have been convicted or confessed their guilt on indictment pending, and whether sentenced or not, or under judgment suspended, of any treason or felony, or of any other crime for which the punishment may lie imprisonment in the penitentiary, since becoming citizens of the United States, or of corruption or malpractice in office, unless such person shall be restored to the rights of citizenship in a manner prescribed by law. Sec. 9. That this amendment to the Constitution shall go into effect on the first day of July, nineteen hundred and two, if a majority of votes cast at the next general election shall be cast in favor of this suffrage amendment.

ARTICLE VII.

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.

Section 1. In each county there shall be elected biennially by the qualified voters thereof, as provided for the election of members of

the General Assembly, the following officers : A treasurer, register of deeds, surveyor, and five commissioners. Sec 2. It shall be the duty of the commissioners to exercise a general supervision and control of the penal and charitable institutions, schools, roads, bridges, levying of taxes, and finances of the county, as may be prescribed by law. The register of deeds shall

be. ex officio, clerk of the board of commissioners. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the commissioners first elected in each county to divide the same into convenient districts, and to report the same to the General Assembly before the first day of January. 1869. Sec 4. Upon the approval of the reports provided for in the foregoing section by the General Assembly, the said districts shall have corporate powers for the necessary purposes of local government, and shall be known as townships. State Constitution. 209

5. In each Sec. township there shall be biennially elected by the voters thereof qualified a clerk and two justices of the peace, who shall constitute a board of trustees, and shall, under the supervisi.ni Of the county commissioners, have control of the taxes and roads finances, and bridges of the townships, as may be prescribed by law. The General Assembly may provide for the election of a larger number of the justices of the peace in cities and towns and in those townships in which cities and towns are situated. In every township there shall also be biennially elected a school com- of mittee, consisting three persons, whose duties shall he prescribed by law. Sec. G. The township board of trustees shall assess the taxable property of their townships and make returns to the county commissioners for revision, ^is may he prescribed by law. The clerk shall be, ex officio, treasurer of the township. Sec. 7. No county, city, town or other municipal corporation shall contract any debt, pledge its faith or loan its credit, nor shall any tax be levied or collected by any officers of the same except for the necessary expenses thereof, unless by a vote of the majority of the qualified voters therein. Sec. S. No money shall be drawn from any county or township treasury except by authority of law.

Sec. '.). All taxes levied by any county, city, town or township shall be uniform and ml valorem upon all property in the same. except property exempted by this Constitution. Sec. 10. The county officers first elected under the provisions of this article shall enter upon their duties ten days after the approval of this Constitution by the Congress of the United Stales. Sec. 11. The Governor shall appoint a sufficient number of justices of the peace in each county, who shall hold their places until sections four, five and six of this article shall have been carried into effect. Sec. 12. All charters, ordinances and provisions relating to municipal corporations shall remain in force until legally changed, unless inconsistent with the provisions of this ('(institution. Sec. 13. No county, city, town or other municipal corporation shall assume to pay, nor shall any tax be levied or collected for 14 210 State Constitution.

the payment of any debt, or the interest upon any debt, contracted directly or indirectly in aid or support of the rebellion. Sec. 14. The General Assembly shall have full power by statute to moilify, change or abrogate any and all of the provisions of this article and substitute others in their place, except sections seven, nine and thirteen. ARTICLE VIII.

CORPORATIONS OTHER THAN MUNICIPAL. •

Section 1. Corporations may be formed under general laws, but shall not be created by special act except for municipal purposes and in cases where, in the judgment of the Legislature, the object of the corporation cannot be attained under general laws. All general laws and special acts passed pursuant to this section may be altered from time to time or repealed. Sec. 2. Dues from corporations shall be secured by such individual liabilities of the corporations and other means as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 3. The term corporation, as used in this article, shall be construed to include all associations and joint-stock companies having any of the powers and privileges of corporations not possessed by individuals or partnerships. And all corporations shall have the right to sue and shall be subject to be sued in all courts in like cases as natural persons. Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the Legislature to provide for the organization of cities, towns and incorporated villages, and to restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts and loaning their credit, so as to prevent abuses in assessment and in contracting debts by such municipal corporations. ARTICLE IX.

education.

Section 1. Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. Sec 2. The General Assembly, at its first session under this Constitution, shall provide by taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system of public schools, wherein tuition shall be free State Constitution. 211 of charge to all the children of the State between the ages of six and twenty-one years. And the children of the white race and tin- children of the colored race shall he taught in separate public schools; but there shall be no discrimination in favor of or to the prejudice of either race. Sec. 3. Each county of the State shall be divided into a convenient number of districts, in which one or more public schools

it' shall be maintained at least four months in every year ; and the commissioners of any county shall fail to comply with the afore- said requirements of this section they shall be liable to indictment. Sec. 4. The proceeds of all lands that have been or hereafter may be granted by the United States to this State and uol otherwise appropriated by this State or the United Stales, also all moneys, stocks, bonds, and other property now belonging to any State fund for purposes of education, also the net proceeds of all sales of the swamp lands belonging to the State, and all other grants, gifts, or devises that have been or hereafter may be made to the State and not otherwise appropriated by the State or by the terms of the grant, gift, or devise, shall be paid info the State Treasury, and, together with so much of the ordinary revenue of the State as may be by law set apart for that purpose, shall he faithfully appropriated for establishing and maintaining in this State a system of free public schools and for no other uses or purposes whatsoever. Sec. 5. All moneys, stocks, bonds and other property belonging to a county school fund, also the net proceeds from the sale of estrays, also the clear proceeds of all penalties and forfeitures and of all fines collected in the several counties for any breach of tin' penal or military laws of the State, and all moneys which shall he paid by persons as an equivalent for exemption from military duty, shall belong to and remain in the several counties, and shall he faithfully appropriated for establishing and maintaining t'vrr public schools in the several counties in this Slate: Provided, that the amount collected in each county shall he annually reported to the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the election of trustees of the University of North Carolina, in whom, when chosen, shall be vested all the privileges, rights. 212 State Constitution.

franchises and endowments thereof in anywise grarited to or conferred upon the trustees of said University; and the General As- sembly may make such provisions, laws and regulations from time to time as may be necessary and expedient for the maintenance and management of said University. Sec. 7. The General Assembly shall provide that the benefits of the I Jniversity, as far as practicable, be extended to the youth of the State free of expense for tuition; also that all the property which has heretofore accrued to the State or shall hereafter accrue from escheats, unclaimed dividends or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons, shall be appropriated to the use of the University. Sic. 8. The Governor. Lieutenant Governor. Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor. Superintendent of Public Instruction, and At- torney-General shall constitute a State Board of Education. Sec. 9. The Governor shall be president and the Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be secretary of the Board of Education. Sec. 10. The Board of Education shall succeed to all the powers and trusts of the president and directors of the literary fund of North Carolina, and shall have full power to legislate and make all needful rules and regulations in relation to free public schools and the educational fund of the State: but all acts, rules and regulations of said board may be altered, amended or repealed by the General Assembly, and when so altered, amended or repealed they shall not be reenacted by the board. Sec. 11. The first session of the Board of Education shall be held at the capital of the State within fifteen days after the organization of the State Government under this Constitution; the time of future meetings may be determined by the board. Sec. 12. A majority of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Sec. 13. The contingent expenses of the board shall be provided by the General Assembly. Sec 14. As soon as practicable after the adoption of this Con- stitution the General Assembly shall establish and maintain in connection with the University a department of agriculture, of mechanics, of mining and of normal instruction. State Constitution. 213

Sec 15. The General Assembly is hereby empowered to enacl that every child of sufficient mental and physical ability shall attend the public schools during the period between the ages of six and eighteen years for a term of not loss than sixteen months, unless educated by other means.

ARTICLE X.

HOMESTEADS AND EXEMPTIONS.

Section 1. The personal property of any resident of this State to the value of five hundred dollars, to be selected by such resident, shall be and is hereby exempted from sale under execution or other final process of any court issued for the collection of any debt. Sec. 2. Every homestead, and the dwellings and buildings used therewith, not exceeding in value one thousand dollars, to be selected by the owner thereof, or in lieu thereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in a city, town or village, with the dwellings and buildings used thereon, owned and occupied by any resident of this State, and not exceeding the value of one thousand dollars, shall be exempt from sale under execution or other final process obtained on any debt. But no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes or for payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises. Sec 3. The homestead, after the death of the owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment of any debt during the minority of his children or any one of them. Sec. 4. The provisions of sections one and two of this article shall not be so construed as to prevent a laborer's lien for work done and performed for the person claiming such exemption, or a mechanic's lien for work done on the premises. Sec 5. If the owner of a homestead die. leaving a widow but no children, the same shall be exempt from the debts of her husband, and the rents and profits thereof shall inure to her benefit during her widowhood, unless she lie the owner of a homestead in her own right.

St:c. »;. The real and personal property of any female in this State acquired before marriage, and all property, real and per sonal. to which she may. after marriage, become in an\ manner 214 State Constitution.

entitled, shall be and remain the sole and separate estate and property <>f such female, and shall not be liable for any debts, obligations or engagements of her husband, and may be devised and bequeathed, and, with the written assent of her husband, conveyed by her as if she were unmarried. Sec. 7. The husband may insure his own life for the sole use and benefit of his wife and children, and in case of the death of the husband the amount thus insured shall be paid over to the wife and children, or to the guardian if under age. for her or their own use. free from all the claims of the representatives of her husband or any of his creditors. Sec. 8. Nothing contained in the foregoing sections of this article shall operate to prevent the owner of a homestead from dis- posing of the same by deed; but no deed made by the owner of a homestead shall be valid without the voluntary signature and assent of his wife, signified on her private examination according to law. ARTICLE XI.

PUNISHMENTS, penal institutions and public charities.

Section 1. The following punishments only shall be known to the laws of this State, viz.. death, imprisonment with or without hard labor, fines, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under this State. The foregoing provision for imprisonment with hard labor shall be construed to authorize the employment of such convict labor on public works or highways, or other labor for public benefit, and the farming out thereof, where and in such manner as may be

provided by law ; but no convict shall be farmed out who has been sentenced on a charge of murder, manslaughter, rape, attempt to

commit rape, or arson : Provided, that no convict whose labor may be farmed out shall he punished for any failure of duty as a laborer except by a responsible officer of the State; but the convicts so farmed out shall lie at all times under the supervision and control, as to their government and discipline, of the penitentiary board or some officer of the State. Sec. 2. The object of punishment being not only to satisfy justice, but also to reform the offender, and thus prevent crime, mur- State Constitution. 215 der, arson, burglary, and rape, and these only, may be punishable with death, if the General Assembly shall so enact. Sec. 3. The General Assembly shall, at its lirsi meeting, make provision for the erection and conduct of a State's prison or penitentiary at some central and accessible point within the State. Sec. 4. The General Assembly may provide for the erection of a house of correction, where vagrants and persons guilty of mis meanors shall be restrained and usefully employed. Sec. 5. A house or houses of refuge may be established whenever the public interests may require it. for the correction and instruction of other classes of offenders. Sec. 6. It shall be required by competent legislation thai the structure and superintendence of penal institutions of the Slate. the county jails and city police prisons secure the health and comfort of the prisoners, and that male and female prisoners be never confined in the same room or cell. Sec. 7. Beneficent provisions for the poor, the unfortunate and orphan being one of the first duties of a civilized and Christian State, the General Assembly shall, at its first session, appoint and define the duties of a board of public charities, to whom shall be entrusted the supervision of all charitable and penal State institutions, and who shall annually report to the Governor upon their condition, with suggestions for their improvement. Sec S. There shall also, as soon as practicable, lie measures devised by the State for the establishment of one or more orphan houses, where destitute orphans may be cared for. educated, and taught some business or trade. Sec. 9. It shall be the duty of the Legislature, as soon as practicable, to devise means for the education of idiots and inebrial Sec. 10. The General Assembly may provide that the indigenl deaf-mute, blind, and insane of the State shall be cared for at the charge of the State. Sec. 11. It shall be steadily kept in view by the Legislature and the Board of Public Charities, that all penal and charitable institutions should be made as nearly self-supporting as is consistent with the purposes of their creation. 216 State Constitution.

ARTICLE XII.

MILITIA.

Section 1. All able-bodied male citizens of the State of North Carolina, between the ages of twenty-one and forty years, who are citizens of the United States, shall lie liable to do duty in the militia: Provided, that all persons who may he averse to hearing arms, from religions scruples, shall he exempt therefrom. Sec. 2. The General Assembly shall provide for the organizing, arming, equipping and discipline of the militia, and for paying the same, when called into active service. Sec. 3. The Governor shall he commander in chief, and shall have power to call out the militia to execute the law. suppress riots or insurrection, and to repel invasion. Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall have power to make such exemptions as may he deemed necessary, and enact laws that may be expedient for the government of the militia.

ARTICLE XIII. AMENDMENTS.

Section I. Xo convention of the people of this State shall ever he called by the General Assembly, unless by the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members of each house of the General As- sembly, and except the proposition, Convention, or Xo Convention, be first submitted to the qualified voters of the whole State, at the next general election in a manner to be prescribed by law. And should a majority of the votes cast be in favor of said convention, it shall assemble on such day as may be prescribed by the General Assembly. Sec. 2. Xo part of the Constitution of this State shall be altered unless a bill to alter the same shall have been agreed to by three- fifths of each house of the General Assembly. And the amendment or amendments so agreed to shall be submitted at the next general election to the qualified voters of the whole State, in such a manner as may be prescribed by law. And in the event of their adoption by a majority of the votes cast, such amendment or amendments shall become part of the Constitution of the State. 1

State Constitution. 21'

ARTICLE XIV.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Section 1. All indictments which shall have been found, or may hereafter be found, for any crime or offense committed before this Constitution takes effect, may he proceeded upon in the proper courts, but no punishment shall be inflicted which is forbidden by this Constitution.

Sec. 2. No person who shall hereafter fight a duel, or assist in the same as a second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a chal- lenge therefor, or agree to go out of the State to fighl a dud. shall hold any office in this State. Sec. 3. No money shall lie drawn from the Treasury bul in con- sequence of appropriations made by law; and an accurate account of the receipts and expenditures of the public money shall lie annually published.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall provide, by proper legislation, for giving to mechanics and laborers an adequate lien on the subject-matter of their labor. Sec. 5. In the absence of any contrary provision, all officers of this State, whether heretofore elected, or appointed by the Gov ernor. shall hold their positions only until other appointments are made by the Governor, or. if the officers are elective, until their

successors > shall have been chosen and duly qualified according t the provisions of this Constitution.

. Sec G. The seat of government of this State shall remain at the city of Raleigh. Sec. 7. No person, who shall hold any office or place of trusl or profit under the United States, or any department thereof, or under this State, or under any other State or Government, shall hold or exercise any other office or place of trust or profil under the authority of this State, or be eligible to a seat in either house of the General Assembly: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall extend to officers in the militia, justices of the peace, commissioners of public charities, or commissioners for special pur poses. Sec S. All marriages between a white person and a negro, or between a white person .and white person of negro descent to the third generation, inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited. INDEX TO STATE CONSTITUTION.

A. Article, S. Section.

Abuses in assessments and contracting debts by municipal corporations. General Assembly to prevent, A. 8, S. 4. Actions at law and equity suits, no distinction. A. 4. S. 1. Pending when Constitution took effect. A. 4, S. 20. Acts of General Assembly, style of, A. 2. S. 21. Levying taxes, must state object, A. 5. S. 7. Agriculture, Department of, A. 3. S. 17. In connection with University. A. 0. S. 14. Alimony, General Assembly docs not secure, A. 2. S. 10. Allegiance to U. S. Government. A. 1. S. 5. Amendments. A. 13. Do not vacate existing offices. A. 4. S. 33. Answer to criminal charge, A. 1. S. 12. Apportionment of Senators and Representatives, A. 2. SS. 4, 5, 6. Arms, right to bear. A. 1. S. 24. Article VII. General Assembly may modify or repeal certain sections, A. 7. S. 14.

Assemblage, right of. A. 1. S. 25. Attorney-General advises executive. A. 3. S. 14. Duties of. A. 3. S. 13.

Auditor, duties of. A. 3. S. 13.

Bail, excessive, A. 1. S. 14.

Ballot, elections to be by. A. 6, S. 3. Bills of General Assembly read three times. A. 2. S. 23. Blind provided for. A. 11. S. 10. Board of Charities. A. 11. S. 7.

Boundaries of State. A. 1. S. 34. Capitation tax. application of proceeds from, A. 5. S. 2. Exempts. A. 5. S. 1. Capital punishment. A. 11, S. 2. Charities, public. A. 11. Deaf-mutes and the blind. A. 11. S. 10. Idiots and inebriates. A. 11. S. 9. Provision for orphans and the poor. A. 11. S. 7. Self-supporting, as far as possible. A. 11, S. 11. Index to State Constitution 219

Cities organized by legislation, A. 8, S. 4.-

Citizenship, restoration to, A. 2, S. 11.

Civil and criminal actions, A. 4, S. 1.

Claims against the State, A. 4. S. 9. Clerk of Superior Court, election of, A. 4. S. Pi.

Removal for inability. A. 4, S. 32. Term of office of, A. 4. S. 17. Supreme Court, A. 4. S. 15. Clerks, removal of. A. 4. S. 32.

Commutations,. A. 3, S. 6.

Compulsory education. General Assembly may provide. A. 9, S. 15. Concealed weapons, carrying not justified. A. 1. S. 24. Constitution, how changed, A. 13, S. 2. Controversies at law about property, A. 1. S. 19. Convention, how called. A.' 13. Convict labor, A. 11, S. 1.

Coroner and sheriff. A. 4. S. 24.

Correction, house of. A. 11, S. 4. Corporations, municipal, A. 7.

Charters remain in force till legally changed. A. 7. S. 12. Power of General Assembly over, A. 7. S. 12. Corporations other than municipal. A. 8.

Debts of. how secured, A. 8, S. 2.

Definition of. A. 8. S. 3.

Under general laws. A. 8, S. 1. Correction, houses of, A. 11, S. 4. Council of State. A. 3. S. 14.

Counsel allowed defendant, A. 1, S. 11.

County commissioners, election and duty of. A. 7. SS. 1, 2.

Commissioners divide, into districts. A. 7. S. .",. Districts have corporate powers as townships, A. 7. S. 4. Majority of voters necessary to levy taxes, etc.. A. 7. S. 7. Money, bow drawn from its treasury. A. 7. S. 8.

Officers enter on duty, when. A. 7, S. L0; of townships, A. 7. S. .""..

School S. fund. A. S. 5. districts, ,A. 9, 3: 9, Taxes to be ad valorem, A. 7. S. 9. Township trustees assess property, A. 7. S. 6. County treasurer. A. 7. S. 1. 220 Index to State Constitution.

Courts to be open. A. 1, S. 35. Kinds of, A. 4. S. 2.

Criminal charges, answer to, A. 1. 8. 12. Criminal and civil actions. A. 4. S. 1.

Courts for cities and towns. A. 4, S. 14.

Prosecutions. A. 1. S. 11. Deaf-mutes provided for, A. 11. S. Hi. Death punishment. A. 11. S. 2. Debt docs not affect homestead. A. 10. S. 3. County, city or town cannot contract, except by majority of quali fled voters. A. 7. S. 7. Imprisonment for. A. 1. S. 1(1 In aid of rebellion, void. A. 7. S. 13.

Debt, restrictions upon increase of public, etc.. A. 5, S. 4. What bonds declared invalid, A. 1, S. 0. Declaration of rights. A. 1. Department of Agriculture. A. 3. S. 17. Divorce. General Assembly docs not grant. A. 2. S. 17.

Disqualification for office. A. 6, S. 5; A. 14. S. 7. Dueling disqualifies." A. 14. S. 2.

Education, board of. A. 9. S. S; officers, A. 9. S. 9 : expenses. A. 9 S. 13.

First session of. A. 9. S. 11 : power of. A. 9. S. 10. Quorum. A. 9. S. 12.

County school fund. A. 9. S. .~i.

Encouraged. A. 9. S. 1 : A. 1. S. 27. Property devoted to. A. 9. SS. 4. 5. Election of officers by General Assembly, viva voce. A. 2, S. 9. Elections, by people and General Assembly, A. 0. S. 3. Contested, returns of. A. 3. S. 3.

Free, A. 1, S. IP; frequent. A. 1. S. 28. Electors, oath of office of, A. 0. S. 4. Qualification of. A. 0. S. 1. Electors, registration of. A. 0. S. 2. Eligibility to office. A. 0. Emoluments, exclusive, none. A. 1. S. 7. Hereditary. A. 1. S. 30. Entails to be regulated. A. 2. S. 15. Index to State Constitution, 223

Enumeration of not to rights, impair others retained by people \ 1 S. 37. suits and actions at distinction Equity law, abolished, A. I. S. 1. Pending when Constitution took effect. A. 4. S. 20. Evidence against himself, criminal not compelled to give, A. 1. s. 11.

Executive. Attorney-General advises, A. 3, S. 14.

Department of, A. 3 ; distinct. A. 1. S. 8. A. S. 1 Officers, 3, ; compensation, A. .".. S. 15. A. Duties, 3, S. 13 ; reports of, A. 3. S. 7. Terms of office of, A. 3, S. 1.

Seal of State. A. 3, S. 10.

Vacancy in. how filled. A. 3, S. 13. Exemption. A. 10. S. 1. By reason of military duty. etc.. A. 12. S. 4.

Property of feme covert not liable for husband's debts, A. 10, S. 6, Ex post facto laws. A. 1. S. 32. Extra session of General Assembly, A. 3. S. 9. Feigned issues abolished, A. 4. S. 1. Feme sole, property of, not liable for husband's debts, A. 10, S. 6. Fines, excessive, A. 1. S. 14.

Freedom of the press, A. 1, S. 20. Fundamental principles, frequent recurrence to, A. 1. S. 29. General Assembly, acts, style of. A. 2. S. 21.

Article VII may lie modified or repealed by, A. 7. S. 1 I.

Rills and resolutions read three times. A. 2. S. 2."..

Compulsory education may lie enforced by. A. 9, S. 15.

Ele-tion by. A. 6, S. 3. Entails regulated by, A. 2. S. 15.

Extra sessions. A. 2. S. 28 ; A. ::. S. 9.

2. S. 17. Journals kept, A. 2. S. 10 ; protests entered on. A.

Members of, A. 2, S. 24.

Assemble when, A. 2, S. 2.

Election for. when held. A. 2. S. 27. Office a disqualification, A. 14. S. 7. Terms commence with election. A. 2. S. 25.

Vacancies, how filled. A. 2, S. 13.

Municipal corporations controlled by. A. 7. S. 1 I. Names, personal, not changed by. A. 2. S. 11. 222 Index to State Constitution.

General Assembly, officers of. election, viva voce, A. 2, S. 9. Pay of. A. 2. S. 28. President of Senate. A. 2. S. 19. Speaker of House. A. 2. S. IS.

Powers of, A. 2, S. 22. In relation to divorce and alimony, A. 2. S. 10. Representation apportioned by, A. 2, SS. 4. 5. Revenue, A. 2, S. 14. Schools provided by. A. 9. S. 2. University to be maintained by. A. 9. SS. 6. 7. Teas and nays. A. 2. SS. 14, 26. Government, allegiance to U. S.. A. 1. S. 5. Internal, of State. A. 1. S. 3.

Origin of. A. 1, S. 2. Seat of, remains in Raleigh, A. 14, S. 0. Governor commands militia, A. 3, S. 8. Commutations, pardons, reprieves, A. 3. S. 0. Justices of peace appointed by. when, A. 7. S. 11. Governor, compensation. A. 3, S. 15. Duties of, A. 3, S. 12. Extra sessions called by, A. 3. S. 9. Impeachment of. A. 3, S. 12. Lieutenant, qualification of, A. 3. S. 2.

Oath of office, A. 3, S. 4.

S. 10 A. 14. S. •">. Officers appointed by. A. 3. ; Residence of, A. 3, S. 5. Qualification of, A. 3. S. 2. Vacancy in office of, A. 3, S. 12.

Habeas corpus, A. 1, S. 21.

Hereditary emoluments, A. 1, S. 30. Homestead and exemption, A. 10, S. 2. Benefit of widow in. A. 10, S. 5. Exempted from debt. A. 10, S. 3. Laborer's lien attaches. A. 10, S. 4. Privy examination of wife to dispose of. A. 10. S. 8. Index to State Constitution. 223

House of correction, A. 11, S. 4. Orphans, A. 11, S. S. Refuge, A. 11, S. 5. Representatives, apportionment. A. 2. S. 5. Officers A. S. term of, 2, 18; begins when. A. •_'. S. 25; qualification for, A. 2. S. S; ratio of. A. 2. S. 6.

Husband can insure life for benefit of family. A. 10, S. 7. Idiots provided for, A. 11, S. 9. Immigration. Department of, A. 3. S. 17. Impeachment, A. 1, S. 4.

Court of, A. 4, S. 3.

Of Governor, A. 3, S. 12. Imprisonment for debt. A. 1, S. 10. Except by law, wrong, A. 1, S. 17.

Indictments for crimes committed before Constitution took effect, A. 14, S. 1. Inebriates. A. 11, S. 9. Inferior courts, A. 4. S. 12.

Officers of, A. 4, S. 30. Insane provided for. A. 11, S. 10. Institutions, charitable, A. 11. Penal, A. 11. Public, annual reports from, A. 3, S. 7. Self-supporting, as far as possible. A. 11. S. 11. Sexes to be separated. A. 11. S. 6. Instruction, Superintendent of Public. A. 3, S. 13. Intermarriage of whites and negroes prohibited. A. 14, S. 8. Internal government of State, A. 1. S. 3. Issues of fact, by whom tried and how waived. A. 1. S. 13. Judges, election, terms of, etc., A. 4, S. 21. Fees, salaries, emoluments, A. 4. S. 18. Judges, removal of, for inability. A. 4. S. 31. Residence of. A. 4. S. 11. Judicial Department, A. 4. Districts for Superior Courts, A. 4. S. 10. General Assembly not to deprive of jurisdiction. A. I. S. 12. Powers, division of, A. 4. S. 2. Term of first officers under Constitution. A. 4. S. 26.

Vacancies. A. 4. S. 25. 224 Imikx to State Constitution.

Judicial remedy allowed all, A. 1, S. 35.

Judiciary distinct. A. 1, S. 8. Jurisdiction, courts interior t<> Supreme. A. 4. S. 12. Justices of the peace, A. 4, S. 27. Supreme Court. A. 4. S. 8.

Jury, right of, A. 1, S. 13. Trial by, waived. A. 4. S. 13.

Sacred and inviolable. A. 1. S. 19.

Justices of the peace. Governor appoints, when. A. 7. S. 11.

Jurisdiction of. A. 4, S. 27.

Vacancies in office, A. 4. S. 28.

Laborers' and mechanics' lien. A. 14, S. 4. Attaches homestead, A. 10, S. 4. Law of the land, no person imprisoned, or deprived of life. etc.. but

by, A. 1, S. 17. Laws, ex post facto and retrospective. A. 1. S. 32. Private, thirty days' notice before passage. A. 2. S. 12.

What in force, A. 4, S. 19. Legislative, distinct, A. 1. S. 8.

Two branches of. A. 2. S. 1. Legislature provides for organizing towns, etc., A. S. S. 4. Trials other than jury, A. 1, S. 13. Legitimation, General Assembly can pass general laws for, A. 2. S. 11. Liberty, deprivation of. except by law. A. 1. S. 17.

Religious. A. 1, S. 20.

Restraint of. remedied. A. 1, S. 18.

Warrants without evidence, dangerous to. A. 1. S. 15. Lien of laborers and mechanics, A. 14, S. 4. Lieutenant Governor. President of Senate, duties of. A. 3. S. 11.

When Governor. A. 3. S. 12.

Literary fund, Board of Education to succeed to rights of, A. 9, S. 10. Marriages between whites and negroes forbidden. A. 14. S. 8. Married woman, husband can insure life for benefit of, A. 10, S. 7. Privy examination of, to dispose of homestead. A. 10. S. S. Property of, not liable for husband's debts. A. 10, S. 6. Mechanics' lien. A. 14. S. 4.

Men. equality, rights of, A. 1, S. 1. Index to State Constitution. -^r.

Militia, A. 1, S. 24 ; A. 12.

Exemptions from duty, A. 12. S. I. Governor A. S. commands, 3, 8; A. 12, S. .",. Organization of, A. 12. S. 2.

Who liable to bear arms, A. 12, S. 1.

Money, bow drawn from State Treasury. A. 4. S. 1.

County or township treasury. A. 7, S. S. Monopolies are injurious, A. 1. S. 31. Municipal corporations, A. 7. Cannot contract debt except by majority of qualified voters. A. 7, S. 7.

Charters remain in force till changed, A. 7, S. 12. Municipal corporations, General Assembly to provide for organization of, taxation, etc.. by, A. 8, S. 4.

Power of General Assembly over, A. 7, S. 14.

Names, personal, how changed, A. 2, S. 11. Normal school to be maintained by General Assembly at University, A. 9, S. 14.

Oath of member of General Assembly, A. 2, S. 24.

Oath of Governor, A. 3, S. 4.

Oath of office, A. G, S. 4.

Office, cannot hold two, A. 14. S. 7.

Disqualification, A. G, S. 5.

Dueling disqualifies for. A. 14, S. 2. Eligibility to, A. G.

Qualification, property, none, A. 1, S. 22.

Officers, county, A. 7, SS. 1, 10. First elected, A. 4. S. 2G.

What, appointed by Governor, A. 3. S. 10: A. 14. S. 5. Orphans, houses for, A. 11, S. 8. Provision for, A. 11, S. 7.

Pardons, A. 3, S. G.

Peace, soldiers quartered in time of, A. 1, S. 36. Penitentiary, A. 11. S. 3. Convict labor, A. 11, S. 1. Self-supporting, as far as possible. A. 11, S. II.

Sexes separated, A. 11, S. <;.

15 226 Index to State Constitution.

People, right of, to assemble together, A. 1, S. 25.

Perpetuities, injurious. A. 1, S. 31.

General Assembly shall prevent, A. 2, S. 15. Political power and government. A. 1, S. 2. Societies in secret dangerous. A. 1. S. 25. Poor, provision for, A. 11, S. 7.

Power of General Assembly, A. 2, S. 22.

To suspend laws injurious. A. 1, S. 9. Powers, executive, judicial, and legislative, distinct. A. 1. S. S. Judicial, division of, A. 4, S. 2.

Press, freedom and abuse of, A. 1, S. 20.

Principles, recurrence to fundamental, A. 1, S. 29. Prisoners, health and comfort secured. A. 11. S. 6. Private laws, A. 2. SS. 11, 12. Privileges, exclusive, none, A. 1, S. 7. Property, controversies at law about, A. 1, S. 19. Deprivation of, except by law, wrong, A. 1, S. 17. Devoted to education, A. 9. S. 4. Exemptions from taxation, A. 5, S. 5. Feme sole not liable for husband's debts, A. 10, S. G. (Qualifications, none, A. 1. S. 22.

Prosecution, criminal, A. 1, S. 11. Protest, by whom and when made, A. 2. S. 17. Public debt, increase of, restricted, etc., A. 5. S. 4. What bonds declared invalid. A. 1. S. 6. Public money, how drawn, A. 14, S. 3. Public schools, General Assembly to provide for. A 9, S. 2. Punishments, penal institutions and public charities, A. 11. 1. Cruel or unusual. A. 1, S. 14 ; A. 14. S. Qualification and election of members of General Assembly, each. house judge of, A. 2, S. 22. Rebellion, debt in aid of, not to be paid, A. 7, S. 13. Recurrence to fundamental principles. A. 1, S. 29. Refuge, houses of, A. 11, S. 5. Register of deeds, A. 7, S. 1. Registration of electors, A. 6, S. 2. Index to State Constitution.

Religions liberty, A. 1, S. 26.

Scruples against bearing arms. A. 12, S. 1. Removal of A. S. 31 of judges, 4, ; clerks, A. 4, S. 32. Representation and taxation, A. 1, S. 2.3. Reprieves, A. 3, S. 6.

Retrospective laws, A. 1, S. 32. Revenue, A. 2, S. 14; A. 5. Right of assemblage, A. 1, S. 25.

Jury, A. 1, S. 13.

Secession, none, A. 1, S. 4.

To bear arms, A. 1, S. 24. To suspend laws, injurious, A. 1, S. 9. Rights, declaration of, A. 1.

1 A. 1. S. 37. Of men, A. 1, S. ;

Salaries and fees, General Assembly to regulate, A. I. S. 18. Schools, attendance of children, A. 9. S. 15.

County divided into districts. A. 9, S. 3.

Fund, A. 9, S. 5.

Provided by legislation, A. 9, S. 2. Schools, races separate, A. 9. S. 2.

Seal of State, A. 3, S. 1G.

Search warrants without evidence, wrong. A. 1. S. I.".. Seat of government at Raleigh, A. 14. S. 6.

Secession, no right of, A. 1, S. 4. Secretary of State, duties of, A. 3, S. 13. Senate, presiding officer, A. 2, S. 19. Pro tern.. Speaker, when elected, A. 2. S. 20.

Senators, number of, A. 2, S. 3. Other senatorial officers, A. 2, S. 20.

President of, A. 2, S. 19.

Qualifications for, A. 2, S. 7. Regulating senatorial districts, A. 2, S. 4. Sexes separated in confinement, A. 11, S. 6. Sheriff and coroner, A. 4, S. 24. Slavery prohibited, A. 1, S. 33. Societies, secret political, dangerous. A. 1. S. 25. Soldiers, how quartered, A. 1, S. 36. 228 Index to State Constitution.

Solicitor, how elected, A. 4. S. 23.

Special courts. A. 4, S. 14.

State boundaries, A. 1, S. 34. Claims against, A. 4, S. 9. Internal government of, A. 1, S. 3. Statistics, department of, A. 3, S. 17. Suffrage and eligibility to office, A. 6. Superintendent of Public Instruction, A. 3, S. 13. Reports of county school fund to be made to, A. 9. S. 5. Superior Court clerk, his election, A. 4, S. 16. Term, A. 4, S. 17; vacancy. A. 4, S. 29.

Districts,* A. 4, S. 10. Judges, election and term, A. 4, S. 21. S. A. S. 11. Residence, A. 4, 11 ; rotation, 4, Open at all times except for jury trials, A. 4, S. 22. Solicitor for each district, A. 4, S. 23.

Special term, A. 4, S. 12. Transaction of business, A. 4, S. 22. Supreme Court Clerk, A. 4, S. 15; jurisdiction, A. 4. SS. 8. 9. A. 4. S. 21. Justices, A. 4, S. 6 ; election and terms of.

Terms of. A. 4, S. 7.

Surveyor, A. 7, S. 1. Suspending laws without consent of Representatives, not to be exercised. A. 1. S. 9.

Taxation, ad valorem and uniform, A. 5, S. 3.

And revenue, A. 5; A. 1, S. 23. Property, exemptions from, A. 5, S. 5. Of purchases and sales retrospectively not to be passed. A. 1, S. 32. Taxes, acts to levy, to state object, A. 5. S. 7. Except for necessary expenses, not levied by county, city or town without assent of majority of voters, A. 7, S. 7.

Levied by county commissioners, A. 5, S. 6. Of county to be ad valorem, A. 7, S. 9. Towns, etc., organized by legislation, A. 8, S. 4. Townships, officers of, A. 7, S. 5. Treason against State, A. 4, S. 5.

Treasurer, duties of, A. 3, S. 13.

I Index to State Constitution. 229

University, agricultural department of, mechanics, mining and normal instruction connected with. A. 9, S. 14.

Benefits of, A. 9, S. 7.

Election of trustees, A. 9, S. 6.

General Assembly shall maintain, A. 9, S. 7.

Maintenance of, A. 9, S. 6.

Property devoted to, A. 9, S. 7.

Vacancies in General Assembly, A. 2. S. 1."..

Vacancies, other, A. 3, SS. 12, 13; A. 4, SS. 25, 28, 29. Vagrants, house of correction for. A. 11, S. 4.

Warrants without evidence injurious, A. 1, S. 15. Whites and negroes cannot intermarry, A. 14. S. 8. Separated in schools, A. 9, S. 2. Widow, homestead benefits, A. 10, S. 5. Yeas and nays, when entered. A. 2. SS. 14. 26. 230 Census of North Carolina.

CENSUS OF NORTH

Counties. Census of North Carolina. X'A

CAROLINA, 1790-1910.*

1850. < 'I..NM S "i NOBTB I JAEOUNA.

CENSUS OF NORTH CARO

1 Census of North Carolina. $33

LINA, 1790-1910*—Continued.

1850. 1800. 1870. 1880.

8,307 10,195 9,647 13,140 6,246 7,120 7,592 9,836 13,914 17,374 24,299 34,175 4,705 9,435 6,872 7,649 7,487 9,374 9,342 11,427 12,048 16,821 10,657 11,687 11,077 17,731 17,668 21,715 27,978 21,376 13,335 13,372 14,749 20,032 8,283 8,856 7,569 9,829 17,055 16,947 17,507 23,698 6,323 8,950 ,940 8,131 10,369 12,468 7,332 7.23S 7,745 9,466 10,781 11,221 11,170 13,719 13,397 16,080 17,276 21,794 4,043 4,319 5,062 ~15~832~ 16,793 17,551 20,836 9,818 11,009 12,882 18,245 12,826 15,489 16,262 23,380 14,495 16,746 15,718 21,744 13,870 14,589 16.810 19,965 13,550 11,573 13,121 15,198 14,585 16,624 16,436 22,894

6,922 7,801 8,315 9,206 10,402 11.208 18,443 10,380 11,252

3,536 5,133 4,944 4,173 10,151 11,202 12,217

24,888 28,627 13,912 5,664 3,400 13,486 12,899

8,204 234 Census of North Carolina.

ESTIMATED CENSUS FROM 1675 TO 1786.*

1675 . EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS.

WILLIAM WALTON KITCHIN, GOVERNOR.

William Walton Kitchin, Democrat, of Person County, X. < '.. was born near Scotland Neck, N. C, October 9, 1800. Educated at Vine Hill Academy and Wake Forest College, where he graduated in 1884. Edited the Scotland Neck Democrat in 1885. Studied law, first under his father, the late Hon. W. II. Kitchin, and then under the late Hon. John Manning, at the University of North Carolina. Admitted to the Bar, 1887. Located at Roxboro in January, 1SS8. Chairman of the County Executive Committee, 1890. Nominee of his party for the State Senate in 1892. Elected to the Fifty-fifth, Fifty- sixth. Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth Con- gresses. In November, 1908, he was elected Governor of North Caro- lina, and entered upon the duties of that office January 12. 1909. Married, in 1892. Miss Musette Satterfield. Residence: Roxboro,

N. C. Office : Raleigh, N. C.

JOHN BRYAN GRIMES. SECRETARY OF STATE.

J. Bryan Grimes, Democrat, of Pitt County, was born in Raleigh, N. C. June 3. 1S68. Son of Bryan and Charlotte Emily (Bryan)

Male ; Trin- Grimes. Educated at private schools ; Raleigh Academy Point. ity School (Chocowinity. N. C.) : Lynch's High School (High of North & Stratton Business N. C.) ; University Carolina; Bryant College (Baltimore, Md.). Planter. Member of State Farmers' Alli- ance. Member Executive Committee of North Carolina Agricultural Society. Member State Board of Agriculture. 1899-1900. Ex-Presi dent Tobacco Growers' Association of North Carolina. Chairman North Carolina Historical Commission. Member Executive Commit- tee State Literary and Historical Association. Member of Board of Managers of the North Carolina Society of Sons of the Revolution. since L901 Trustee University Secretary of State of North Carolina ; 230 State Officers—-Executive Department.

of North Carolina since 1909 ; member of executive committee of the Farmers' Cooperative and Educational Union. Aide-de-Camp on Staff of Gov. Elias Carr, with rank of Colonel. Fraternal orders: Masons, Knights of Pythias, Jr. O. U. A. M. Episcopalian. Married. November 14, 1894, Miss Mary Octavia Laugbinghouse ; February 3,

1904, Miss Elizabeth Forest Laugbinghouse. Address : Raleigh. N. C.

WILLIAM PENN WOOD, state auditor.

William Penx Wood, Democrat, of Randolph County, was born at Ashboro. N. C. May 2, 1S43. Son of Penuel and Calista (Birkhead) Wood. Educated in common schools of Randolph County, 1800-1861. Merchant. Member Randolph Business Men's Club. Town Treasurer, 1880-1888; County Treasurer, 1S90-1894. Represented Randolph and Moore counties in State Senate, 1901; Representative in General As-

j sembly from Randolph County, 1905, 1907. Sergeant in Confederate Army. Fraternal orders: Knights of Pythias, Mason, Royal Arch Mason, I. O. O. F., Jr. O. U. A. M. Methodist. Steward since 1866. Married, September 4. 1872, Miss Etta Gunter. Three children. Ad- dress : Raleigh, N. C.

BENJAMIN RICE LACY, state treasurer.

Benjamin R. Lacy, Democrat, of Wake County, was born in Ra- leigh, N. C, June 19, 1854. Son of Rev. Drury and Mary Richie (Rice) Lacy. Educated at Preparatory School of R. H. Graves (Gra- ham, N. C). 1868; Bingham School (Mebane, N. C), 1S69-1870. Fif- teen years a locomotive engineer. Member of Brotherhood of Loco- motive Engineers. Delegate to three Grand Conventions of B. of L. E. Alderman of City of Raleigh. State Commissioner of Labor and Printing for six years. State Treasurer since 1901. Mason. Odd

Fellow. Jr. O. U. A. M. Presbyterian. Deacon. Married, June 27,

1882. Miss Mary Burwell. Seven children. Address : Raleigh, N. C.

I State Officers— Executive Department. u::7

JAMES YADKIN JOYNER, SUPERINTENDENT of public INSTRUCTION.

James Yadkin Joyneb, Democrat, of Guilford County, was born in Davidson County, N. C, August 7. 1862. Son of John and Sallie A. (Wooten) Joyner. Educated at La Grange Academy; University of North Carolina, Ph. B., 1881. Principal of La Grange Academy, 1881- 1883; County Superintendent of Schools of Lenoir County, 1882-1883; teacher in graded schools at Winston. X. C. 1884-85; lawyer in Culils- boro, N. C. 188G-18S9: Chairman of Wayne County Board of Educa- tion, 1887-1889; Superintendent of Goldsboro Graded Schools. 1889 1893; Professor of English Language and Literature at the State Nor- mal and Industrial College of North Carolina. 1893-1902; Chairman of Sub-text-book Commission of North Carolina. 1901; Superintend- ent of Public Instruction of North Carolina since February. 1902. t Secretary of the Association of State Superintendents of the South- ern States. 1903-1909. President National Educational Association, 1910. Member of the Board of Aldermen of Greensboro, N. <'.. L899- 1902. Married at La Grange, December, 1887. Miss Erne E. Rouse. Two children. Baptist. Address: 304 E. Jones Street. Raleigh. X. C.

THOMAS WALTER BICKETT, ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Thomas W. Bickett, Democrat, of Franklin County, was horn at Monroe, N. C, February 28, 1869. Son of T. W. and Mary A. (Cov- ington) Bickett. Educated at Wake Forest College, A.B., L890. Studied law at University of North Carolina. 1892-1893. Lawyer. Representative in General Assembly. 1907. Attorney-General of North Carolina since January 12, 190!). Mason. Episcopalian. Married Miss Fannie Yarborough, November 29, 1898. One child. Address: Raleigh. N. C.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER GRAHAM,

COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTUKI . William A. Graham. Democrat, of Lincoln County, was horn De cember 20. 1839. at Hillsboro, N. C. Son of William A. and Susan v (Washington) Graham. Educated at private Scl Is. 1 17 is is ; 2;5N State Officers— Executive Department.

Caldwell Institute (Hillsboro, N. C.) ; Union Academy (Washington, D. C.) ; University of North Carolina, 1856-1859; Princeton College, A. B., 1S60. Farmer. President North Carolina Farmers' Alliance three terms : State 1879 1905. Senator, 1874-1875, ; Representative, Member of North Carolina Board of Agriculture, 1899-1908. Com- missioner of Agriculture since 1908. Captain Co. K, 2d N. C. Cav- alry, C. S. A. Major and Assistant Adjutant General of North Caro- lina State Troops. Baptist. Moderator of South Fork Association. Thirty years Chairman of Executive Committee. President Baptist

State Convention. Author : General Joseph Graham and His Revolu-

; Association Life tionary Paper History of South Fork ; and Services

Mill ; of Gen. William E. Davidson ; Battle of Ramsaur*s History of Second Regiment North Carolina Cavalry, and North Carolina Adju- tant General's Department (North Carolina Regiments, 1861-1865* Walter Clark, Editor). Married Miss Julia R. Lane. June 9. 1864.

Eleven children. Address : Raleigh. N. C.

MITCHELL LEE SHIPMAN, COMMISSIONER OF LABOR AND PRINTING.

M. L. Siiipman, Democrat, of Henderson County, was born Decem- ber 31, 1866, in Henderson County, N. C. Son of F. M. and Martha A. (Dawson) Shipman. Educated in public schools and private high schools. Editor. Twice Vice President, and twice Historian of North Carolina Press Association. Member National Editors' Association. Chairman Democratic Congressional Committee; member State Demo- cratic Executive Committee; Clerk of State Senate; Assistant Com- missioner of Labor and Printing, 1905-1908; Commissioner of Labor and Printing since January 12. 1909. Fraternal orders: Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Royal Arcanum, Jr. O. U. A. M. Baptist. Clerk of Carolina Association. 1902. Addresses: Historian's Address before N. C. Press Association, 1900. 1907; address before National Asso- ciation of Labor Statisticians. 1907; address at Labor Day Celebra- tion at Raleigh, 190S. Married Miss Lula Osborne, July 12, 1S96.

Three children. Address : Raleigh, N. C.

i State Officers—Executive Department. 239

JAMES R. YOUNG, INSURANCE commissioner.

James R. Young, Democrat, of Vance County, was burn February 13, 1853, in Granville County, N. C. Son of Dr. P. W. and Jane Eliza (Cooper) Young. Educated at Horner's Military School (Oxford, X.

C.) ; Hampden- Sidney College (Va.). Insurance Agent. Clerk Vance County Superior Court, 1881-1890. State Insurance Commissioner since 1899. Fraternal orders: Masons, Elks. Odd Fellows. Presby- terian. Elder. Married Miss Virginia Nichols. Address: Raleigh, N. C.

MILES OSBORNE SHERRILL, STATE LIBRARIAN.

Miles O. Sherrill, Democrat, of Catawba County, was born July

26, 1841, at Sherrill's Ford, N. C. Son of Hiram and Sarah (Osborne i Sherrill. Educated Rehoboth Academy, 1858-1859; Taylorsville Insti- tute, 1860-1861; Catawba College, 1866. Representative in General Assembly, 1883. State Senator 1885, 1893. Clerk Superior Courl of Catawba County for fourteen years. Cashier in Internal Revenue Office, 1S85-1889. State Librarian. First Sergeant, C. S. A.. 1862- 1864. Elected First Lieutenant in 32d N. C, but declined to leave his old company. Lost right leg at Spottsylvania Courthouse, May. 1864. I. O. O. F., Past Grand Master. Methodist. Delegate to North Caro lina Conference. Delegate to General Conference. 1898. Forty years a steward. Married Miss Sarah R. Bost, May 1. 1867. Seven chil

dren. Address : Raleigh, N. C.

ALEXANDER JONES FEILD. PRIVATE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR,

Alexander Jones Feild, Democrat, of Wake County, was born in Warren County, N. G, March 0. 1864. Son «»r Dr. George and Frances Blount (Littlejohn) Feild. Educated in public and private schools of Warren County up to 1880, and Horner's Military School, 1881 240 State Officers—Executive Department.

1882; University of North Carolina, A.B., 1S85. Member of Phi. So- ciety. Editor of University Magazine. Read law under private instructor, and was admitted to Bar in 1888. Practiced law in Oxford, N. C, to 1897, in Raleigh to 1909. Secretary State Democratic Ex- ecutive Committee, 1901-1909. Private Secretary to Governor Kitchin since January 12, 1909. Aide on Personal Staff of Governor Kitchin, with rank of Colonel. Fraternal order: I. O. O. F. Episcopalian.

Married. March 5, 1890, Miss Louise R. Hughes. Two children. Ad- dress : Raleigh, N. C. JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT.

WALTER CLARK, CHIEF JUSTICE.

Walter Clark, Democrat, of Wake County, was born in Halifax County, N. C, August 19, 1846. Son of David and Anna M. (Thorne) Clark. Graduated from University of North Carolina. 1864. Lieu- tenant S. Colonel, C. A. Admitted to the Bar. 1868. Judge of Supe- rior Court, 1885-1889. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, 1889 1902. Chief Justice since January 1. 1903. Frequent contributor to periodical literature. Author: Clark's Annotated Code of Civil Pro- cedure, 4th edition. 1907. Translator from the French: Constant's Memoirs of Napoleon (3 vols.). Editor: The State Records of North Carolina (16 vols.); The North Carolina Regiments. 1861-1865 (5 of vols.) ; Reprints North Carolina Supreme Court Reports, with annotations (131 vols.). President North Carolina Literary and His- torical Association; Trustee of Trinity College. LL.D. (University of N. C). Methodist. Married Miss Susan W., daughter of William A. Graham. January 28. 1874. Address: Raleigh, N. C.

PLATT DICKINSON WALKER. ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.

Platt D. Walker, Democrat, of Mecklenburg County, was born in Wilmington, N. C, October 25, 1849. Son of Thomas D. and Mary Vance (Dickinson) Walker. Educated at private schools ; University of North Carolina, 1865-1867. Law school of the University of Vir- ginia, LL.B., 1809. Admitted to the Bar of North Carolina and tied at Rockingham, 1870. Representative from Richmond County in General Assembly of North Carolina, 1874-1875. Removed to Char- lotte, 1876. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of North Caro-

lina since January 1, 1903. President of the North Carolina Bar Association. 1899. Trustee of the University of North Carolina. Dl rector of the Highland Park Manufacturing Company, of Charlotte.

16 242 Justices of the Supreme Court.

LL.D. (University of North Carolina, 1908). Episcopalian. Married Miss Nettie Settle Covington, .June 5, 18TS, at Reidsville, N. C. ; 1910, Miss Alma Mordecai. Residence: Charlotte, N. C. Office: Raleigh, N. C.

GEORGE H. BROWN, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. George H. Brown, Democrat, of Beaufort County, was born in Washington, N. C, May 5, 1850. Son of Sylvester T. and Elizabeth (Bonner) Brown. Educated at Horner's Military School (Oxford, N. C). Studied law and was admitted to the Bar, and engaged in the practice at Washington, N. C, from 1872 to 1889. Judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina, 1889-1904. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court since January 1, 1905. On December 17, 1S74, was married to Mrs. Laura Ellison. Residence : Washington, N. C. Office : Raleigh, N. C.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER HOKE. ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. William A. Hoke, Democrat, of Lincoln Coimty, was born at Lin- colnton, N. C, October 25, 1851. Son of Col. John Franklin and Catherine Wilson (Alexander) Hoke. Educated at private schools. Studied law under Chief Justice Richmond Pearson, at Richmond Hill, N. C. Admitted to Bar, 1S72. Practiced law at Shelby and Lin- colnton, N. C, until 1891. Representative in Legislature of North Carolina in 1889. Judge of the Superior Court, 1891-1904. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina since January 1, 1905. Member Society of the Cincinnati. Episcopalian. At Lincoln- ton. December 10. 1897. married to Miss Mary McBee. Residence: Lincolnton, N. C. Office: Raleigh, N. C. Justices of the Supreme Cot bt. 243

WILLIAM REYNOLDS ALLEN, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.

William Reynolds Allen, Democrat, of Wayne County, was born at Kenansville, North Carolina. March 26, 1860. Son of William A. and Maria Goodwin (Hicks) Allen. Educated at R. W. Millard's and Samuel Clement's schools, Kenansville, 1868-1876, and at Trinity Col- lege. 1876-1877. Studied law under his father. Lawyer. Repre- sentative from Wayne County in General Assembly L893, L899, L901. Chairman Board of Education Wayne County. Judge Superior Court, 1S94-1895; 1003-1911. Elected Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1910. Methodist. Has been member Board of Stewards and now Trustee Methodist Orphanage. Mar- ried, November 3, 1S86, Miss Mattie M. Moore. Five children. Ad- dress : Goldsboro, N. C. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.

SENATORS.

FURNIFOLD M. SIMMONS.

F. M. Simmons, Democrat, of Trenton (R. F. D.), Jones County, was born January 20, 1854, in the county of Jones. X. C. Graduated in at Trinity College, with the degree of A.B., June, 1S73 ; was admitted to the Bar in 1875, and has practiced the profession of law since then. In 1880 was elected a member of the Fiftieth Congress from the Second Congressional District of North Carolina. In 1S0.*> was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fourth Collec- tion District of North Carolina, and served in that office during the term of Mr. Cleveland. In the campaigns of 1892, 1898. 1900. 1902, 1904, and 1906, was Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee nl' the State. Received the degree of LL.D. from Trinity College, X. C, June, 1901. He was elected to the United. States Senate to succeed Marion Butler, Populist, for the term beginning March 4. 1901, and reelected in 1907. His term of service will expire March 3, 1913.

TEE STATER OVERMAN.

Tee Slater Overman. Democrat, of Salisbury, was born January

3, 1854, in Salisbury, Rowan County. Graduated Trinity College,

North Carolina, with the degree of A.B., June, 1S74 ; the degree of M.A. was conferred upon him two years later; taught school two years: was Private Secretary to Governor X. B. Vance in 1877-lsTs. and Private Secretary to Governor Thomas J. Jarvis in 1879. Began the practice of law in his native town in 1880; has had a leading practice; was five times a member of the Legislature, sessions of 1883, L885, 1S87, 1893, and 1899; was the choice of the Democratic caucus for Speaker in 1887, and was defeated by one vote, through a combination of Independents and Republicans; was the unanimous choice of his elected ] tarty and Speaker of the House of Representatives] session of 1893; was President of the North Carolina Railroad Com- Mem beks of Congress. 24 5

pany in 1894; was the choice of the Democratic caucus for United States Senator in 1S95, and was defeated in open session by Hon. Jeter C. Pritchard, through a combination of Republicans and Popu lists; was chairman of Democratic State Convention, 1900, L910; has been for ten years a member of the Board of Trustees of the State University; is also a Trustee of Trinity College; was chosen Presidential Elector for the State at large in L900. Married Miss Mary P., the eldest daughter of United Stales Senator, afterwards Chief Justice, A. S. Merrimon, October 31, 1S7S. Was elected to the United States Senate to succeed Jeter C. Pritchard. Republican, for

the term beginning March 4, 1003. His first term expired March '',. 1909. The unanimous choice of the Democratic caucus, lie was reelected January 19, 1909. for a second term.

REPRESENTATIVES.

JOHN HUMPHREY SMALL.

(First District.—Counties: Beaufort. Camden, Chowan. Currituck, Hare. Gates, Hertford, Hyde, Martin. Pasquotank, Perquimans, Pitt,

Tyrrell and Washington—14 counties. Population. 1900, 17.'!. ids. > Johx Humphrey Smale, Democrat, of Beaufort County, was born in Washington. N. C. Educated in the schools of Washington, and al Trinity College. North Carolina. Is a lawyer in active practice. Left college in L876 and taught school from 1876 to LS80. Licensed to practice law in January. 1881. Elected Reading Clerk of the State Senate in 1881. Elected Superintendent of Public instruction of Beaufort County in the latter pari of L881. Elected and continued to serve as Solicitor of the Interior Court of Beauforl County from 1S82 to 1885. Proprietor and editor of the Washington Gazette from 1883 to 1886. Attorney of the Board of Commissioners of Beauforl County from 1888 to 1896. A member of the City Council from May. 1887, to May. 1890, and for one year, during that period, was Mayor of Washington. Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of the First Congressional District in 1888. Chairman of the Demo cratic Executive Committ< f Beauforl County from 1889 to 1898. Disti Democratic Presidential Elector in I he First Congressional 246 Members of Congress. in 1896. lias been for several years, and is now, Chairman of the Public School Committee of Washington. Elected to the Fifty-sixth. Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth; Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and

Sixty-second Congresses. Address : Washington, N. C.

CLAUDE K ITCH IN.

(Second District.—Counties : Bertie, Edgecombe, Greene, Halifax. Lenoir, Northampton, Warren and Wilson—8 counties. Population, 1900, 172,496.) Claude Kitchix, Democrat, of Halifax County, was born in Hali- fax County. N. C. near Scotland Neck. March 24, 1S69. Graduated from Wake Forest College. June, 1SS8, and was married to Miss Kate Mills, November 13th of the same year. Admitted to the Bar Septem- ber, 1S90. and has since been engaged in the practice of the law at Scotland Neck. Elected to Fifty-seventh. Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth,

Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses. Address : Scotland Neck. N. C.

CHARLES RANDOLPH THOMAS.

(Third District.—Counties: Carteret, Craven, Duplin, Jones, Ons- low, Pamlico, Pender, Sampson, and Wayne—9 counties. Population, 1900, 1.17.704.) Charles Randolph Thomas, Democrat, of Craven County, was born at Beaufort, N. C, August 21, 1S61. Is a son of the late Judge Charles R. Thomas, who was a member of the Forty-second and

Forty-third Congresses. Educated at the New Bern Academy ; the school of Prof. Charles B. Young, known as the Emerson Institute. Washington, D. C, and the University of North Carolina, graduating in 1SS1. Studied law, first with his father, and then at the law school of Judges R. P. Dick and John H. Dillard. at Greensboro, N. C. Ad- mitted to the Bar in October, 1882, and since that time has continu- ously practiced his profession. Member of the House of Representa- tives of the North Carolina Legislature in 18S7. Served six years as attorney for the county of Craven, from 1S90 to 1S96. Elected by the State Legislature as a Trustee of the University of North Caro- Members of Congress. 247

Una in 1893. Elected in 1S9<; DemocTatic Presidential Elector for the Third Congressional District of North Carolina. Elected to the Fifty-sixth, Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, and

Sixty-first Congresses. Address : New Bern, N. C. John M. Faison, Democrat, elected to Sixty-second Congress at the November (1910) elections, to succeed Mr. Thomas.

EDWARD WILLIAM POU.

(Fourth District.—Counties: Chatham, Franklin, Johnston, Nash, Vance, and Wake—6 counties. Population, 1900, 178,066.) Edward William Pou, Democrat, of Johnston County, was bom at Tuskegee, Ala., September 9, 1863. Presidential Elector in 18S8. Elected Solicitor of the Fourth Judicial District of North Carolina in 1S90. 1894 and 1898. Elected to the Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses. Ad- dress : Smithfield, N. C.

JOHN M. MOREHEAD.

(Fifth District.—Counties: Alamance. Caswell. Durham. Forsyth, Granville. Guilford, Orange, Person. Rockingham. Stokes, and Surry —11 counties. Population, 1900, 274,443.) John Motley Morehead. Republican, of Spray, was born July 20, 1S66, at Charlotte, Mecklenburg County. X. ('.. the son of Col. John Lindsay Morehead and Sarah Phifer; grandson of Governor John Motley Morehead, who was twice elected as Whig Governor of North Carolina, in 1840-1844. Mr. Morehead was educated in the primary schools of Charlotte and in the Bingham Military School of North Carolina; graduated from the University of North Carolina in L886 with the degree of A.B., afterwards completing a business course in Bryant & Stratton College, Baltimore: was collecting lollop of the ami dealer in leaf Charlotte National Bank of Charlotte, N. C. : buyer in the manu- tobacco at Durham, N. C. : general manager closing up facturing and milling interests of J. Turner Morehead & Co., al in Spray; part owner, with general management, of the Phifer farm, Cabarrus County, N. C. inherited from his maternal grandfather; j is Members of Congress.

Mills, at X. O. at vice president of Leaksville Woolen Spray. ; present interested in manufacturing and farming. Was married to Miss Mary Garrett, of Marietta, Ga., in 1893, and lias three children—two sons and one daughter. Was elected to the Sixty-first Congress, re- Brooks. and ceiving 19,228 votes to 18.938 for Aubrey L. Democrat, 242 scattering. Charles M. Stedman was chosen at November (1910) elections to succeed Mr. Morehead, who did not seek reelection. The vote was : Stedman, Democrat. 20.392: Blair. Republican, 17,060; scattering, 1ST.

HANNIBAL LAFAYETTE GODWIN. Cum- (Sixth District.—Counties : Bladen. Brunswick, Columbus, berland, Harnett, New Hanover and Robeson— 7 counties. Popula- tion. 1900, 163,001.) Hannibal Lafayette Godwin, Democrat, of Harnett County, was in Harnett born November 3, 1873, on a farm near Dunn, County, N. C. Educated in the schools of Dunn and at Trinity College. Dur- ham. N. C. Read law at the University of North Carolina and was Barnes. admitted to the Bar in September. 189G. Married Miss Mattie Caro- December 23, 1896. Member of the State Senate of the North Presidential lina Legislature in 1903. Elected in 1904 Democratic Elector for the Sixth Congressional District of North Carolina. Mem- ber of the State Democratic Executive Committee from 1904 to 1906. Ad- Elected to the Sixtieth. Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses.

dress : Dunn, N. C.

ROBERT NEWTON PAGE. Davie. Lee, Mont- (Seventh District.—Counties : Anson. Davidson. and Yadkin— gomery. Moore. Randolph. Richmond. Scotland. Union 11. counties. Population, 1900, 193,086. ) Robert Newton Page, Democrat, of Montgomery County, was born Educated at at Gary. Wake County, N. C. October 26. 1859. Cary Moore High School and Bingham Military School. Moved to County in 1880. and has been for more than twenty years actively engaged of Aberdeen and in the lumber business. Has been treasurer the Members of Congress. 249

Ashboro Railroad Company since 1890. .Moved to Montgomery < !ounty in 1897. Elected from that county to the Legislature of 1901. Mar ried, in 1S88, to Miss Flora Shaw, of Moore County, and 1ms four children. Elected to the Fifty-eighth. Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth. Sixty- first, and Sixty-second Congresses. Address: Biscoe. N. C.

CHARLES H. COWLES.

(Eighth District.—Counties: Alexander, Alleghany. Ashe, Cabar- rus, Caldwell, Iredell, Rowan, Stanly. Watauga, and Wilkes—10 counties. Population. 1900, 192,089.)

Charles H. Cowles, Republican, of Wilkesboro, was born July It',. 1S75, in Charlotte. N. C, and moved with his parents to Wilkesboro in December. 1885; has a common-school education and took a course at a commercial college; his maternal grandfather was Governor W.

W. Holden. of North Carolina ; his father, Calvin J. Cowles, was president of the Constitutional Convention of North Carolina of 1868. His mother. Ida Augusta Cowles. is still living. Was alderman for Wilkesboro in 1897; deputy clerk of the United States court at States- ville and Charlotte from 1899 to 1901; private secretary to Repre sentative Blackburn from 1001 to 1903; was elected to the lower house of the North Carolina General Assembly from Wilkes County in 1904 and reelected in 1906: was a dele-ate to the Republican Na- tional Convention at Chicago in 1904 and again in 1908. Cor many years he has been actively engaged in handling real estate: was elected to the Sixty-first Congress over R. N. Hackett, Dei 'rat, receiving 1G.RC,?, votes to 15.4SS for his opponent, with II scattering votes. Defeated at November (1910) elections by Robert L. Dottghton, Democrat, who received 16,560 votes to 15.S01 for Cowles, with 02 scattering.

EDWIN YATES WEBB.

(Ninth District.—Counties: Burke, Catawba. Cleveland. Gaston, Lincoln. Madison, Mecklenburg, Mitchell and Yancej 9 counties. Population. 1900, 210,908.) 250 Members of Congress.

Edwin Yates Webb, Democrat, of Cleveland County, was born in Shelby, N. C, May 23, 1872. Attended Shelby Military Institute; graduated at Wake Forest College, 1893. Studied law at University of North Carolina. Received license from the Supreme Court to practice, in February, 1S94. Took post-graduate course in law at University of Virginia. 1896. Began practice of law February, 1894. forming partnership with Ids brother, J. L. Webb, then Solicitor of the Twelfth Judicial District, which partnership existed until Decem- ber, 1904, when it was dissolved by the appointment of his brother to the Superior Court Judgeship. Elected State Senator in 1900. Temporary Chairman of the State Democratic Convention in 1900. Chairman of the Senatorial District in 1896. Chairman of the County Democratic Executive Committee, 1898-1902. Married Miss Willie Simmons, daughter of Dr. W. G. Simmons, of Wake Forest. N. C, November 15, 1894. Elected to the Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses. Address: Shelby. X. C.

JOHN GASTON GRANT. (Tenth District.—Counties: Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson. Jackson, McDowell, Macon, Polk. Rutherford, Swain, and Transylvania—13 counties. Population. 1900. 178,999.) John Gaston Grant, Republican, of Hendersonville, was born

January 1, 1858, in a log cabin in Edneyville Township. Henderson County, N. C, 17 miles from Hendersonville: was the third son of William C. Grant, who was called into the Confederate service when John was a mere lad: all the father possessed was swept away during the civil war. but he commenced life anew by contracting for a little mountain farm, on which John and his three brothers toiled from daylight till dark, helping their father earn a living. There were no schools in that remote part of the country prior to 1S70, except a free school here and there, the longest term of which was six weeks. John could not attend them when in session. Young Grant was married March 30. 1876, at the age of IS, to Miss Zura Edney, and settled on a part of his father's farm. Feeling the need of education, he bought a dictionary, a "blue-back" speller, and a Davies arithmetic. In 18S8 he was elected to the State Legislature by the Members of Congress. 253

of his native but declined a was Republicans county, renomination ; nominated by the Republicans of his county for sheriff in 1892, and elected by a large majority; was reelected in 1894 by an increased majority; refused another nomination in 1S9C>, and was appointed sub-elector for William McKinley ; was nominated by acclamation and elected to the Sixty-first Congress, receiving 15,245 votes to 14.SS4 for William T. Crawford, Democrat. Defeated at November (1910) elections by James M. Gtjdger, Jr.. Democrat, who received 15,901 votes to 14,771 for Grant, with 30 scattering. THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 1911.

OFFICERS OF THE SENATE.

WILLIAM CALHOUN NEWLAND, PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE.

William ( '. Newland, Democrat, of Caldwell County, was burn at Marion, N, C, October 8, 185S. Son of Dr. J. C. and L. M. (Connelly) Newland. Educated at Marion High School and Finley High School. Graduate of United States Military Academy at West Point. Lawyer. Three times Mayor of Lenoir. Twice a Representative in the Gen- eral Assembly from Caldwell County. Director of State's Prison. Solicitor of Tenth District. Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina since January 12, 1909. President of the State Senate, 1909 and 1911. Assistant Inspector General, with rank of Captain. Fraternal orders: Masons, Odd Fellows. Knights of Pythias. Methodist. Married, 1884, Miss Jessie Hendry. Four children. Address: Lenoir, N. C.

ROBERT OTIS SELF, PRINCIPAL CLEEK OF THE SENATE.

Robert Otis Self, Democrat, was born at Webster, N. C, July : 1884. Son of Dr. William and Octavia (Cowan) Self. Educated at Cullowhee Normal and Industrial School, 1897-1902. Superintendent of Public Instruction of Jackson County, 1909-1911. Calendar Clerk! of the State Senate, 1905, 1907, 1908 (special session). 1909. Mason, Odd Fellow. K. of P. Baptist.

SENATORS. DAVID COLLIN BARNES.

(First District. —Comities: Camden. Chowan. Currituck, Gates, Hertford, Pasquotank, Perquimans. Two Senators.) David Collin Barnes, Democrat. Senator from the First District,

( of was born at Murfreesboro, N. ''., November 20. 1875. Son David Alexander and Bettie (Vaughan) Barnes. Educated at Murfreesboro State Senators. 253 schools and Jit Horner Military School; University Law School, L895- 189G. Lawyer and banker. President Peoples Lank. Murfreesboro, since 1904. Representative in the General Assembly from Hertford Comity, 1909. State Senator, 1911. Fraternal order: Kappa Alpha (college fraternity). Master American George Lodge, No. IT. A. 1". and A. M. Address: Murfreesboro. X. < '.

JESSE B. WILLIAMS.

(First District.—Counties: Camden, Chowan. Currituck, < Hertford, Pasquotank, Perquimans. Two Senators.)

Jesse B. Williams, Democrat. Senator from the First District, was born at Shiloh, Camden County, X. C, March 3, 1874. Sen of Roberl J. and Susan (Burgess) Williams. Educated in public schools of Camden County; North Carolina A. and M. College, L892-1894. Farmer. Baptist. Treasurer of Sunday-school, 1903-1906; superintendent. 1904. Married. December 19, L895, Miss Ellen Gregory. One child. Address: Shiloh, N. C.

VAN BUREN MARTIN.

(Second District.—Counties: Beaufort. Dare, Hyde. Martin, Pam- lico, Tyrrell, Washington. Two Senators.) Van Bueen Maetin, Democrat, of Martin County, was born .March 3, 1SS3, in Northampton County, N. C. Son of J. V. and Ida (Stan- bell) Martin. Educated at Conway High School, 1896-1897; Whitsett

Institute, 189S-1900 ; Wake Forest College, B.L., 1903. Studied law at Wake Forest College, 1004. Admitted to the Bar. Stale Senator from Second District, 1909 and 1911. Especially interested in the drainage of swamp lands of Eastern Carolina. Ensign in Fourth Division, North Carolina Naval Brigade. Episcopalian. Address: Plymouth. X. C.

ROBERT X. CARTWRIGHT.

(Second District.—Counties: Beaufort, Dare. Hyde, Martin, Pam lico, Tyrrell, Washington. Two Senators.) Robert N. Cartwright, Democrat, Stale Senator, 1911. Address: Fairfield, X. C. 254 State Senators.

A. S. RASCOE. (Third District.—Counties: Bertie and Northampton. One Sen-

ator. ) A. S. Rascoe, Democrat. Senator from the Third District, was bom in Bertie County, N. C, March 12, 1855. Son of John P. and Martha Rascoe. Educated in (Bond) private schools, 1S63-1S6S ; Bertie Academy, 186S-1S71. Farmer and real estate dealer. Has been vice president and director. Bank of Windsor, for some years. Mayor of Windsor, 1S76-1893. Member of Town Council of Windsor since 1895. Chairman of Democratic Executive Committee of Bertie County. Rep- resentative in General Assembly, 1S93, 1895, 1909 ; State Senator, 1911. Now chairman of Executive Committee of Second Congressional Dis- trict. Baptist. Married, October IT, 1870, Miss Lizzie Gilliam. Ten

children. Address : Windsor, N. C.

A. P. KITCHIN.

(Fourth District.—County: Halifax. One Senator.) A. Paul Kitchix, Democrat. Member of House of Representatives, 1909. State Senator. 1911. Address: Scotland Neck. N. C.

LUCIUS VIRGINIUS BASSETT.

(Fifth District.—County: Edgecombe. One Senator.) Lucius Virginius Bassett, Democrat, Senator from the Fifth Dis- trict, was born at Tarboro, N. C, March 2, 1861. Son of William A. and Chloe (Miller) Bassett. Studied law at University of North Carolina. Lawyer. State Senator from Fifth District, 1909 and 1911.

Fraternal order : Mason. Address : Rocky Mount, N. C.

ROBERT RANDOLPH COTTEN.

(Sixth District.—County : Pitt. One Senator.) Robert Randolph Cotten, Democrat, of Pitt County, was born in Edgecombe County. N. C. Son of John Lewellyn and Nancy P. State Senators. 255

(Johnson) Cotten. Planter and merchant. Member Central Demo- cratic Committee. Chairman Inferior Courl of I'iit County. Member of boards of Insane Asylums and of the Penitentiary. Representative from Pitt County in the General Assembly, L! 09. State Senator, L911. Interested in legislation affecting Torrens System of Land Registra- tion and good roads. Episcopalian, Vestryman. Married, March 14, 1866. Miss Sallie Southall. Six children. Address: Bruce, X. C.

T. T. THORNF.

(Seventh District—Counties: Franklin. Nash, Wilson. 'Two Sen-

ators. )

T. T. Thobne, Democrat, Senator from the Seventh District, was born August '.». 1867. Son of T. T. and Mary D. Thorne. Educated at r Whitakers Academy, and Harvey's School, Petersburg, V a. Lawyer. Mayor and Alderman of Rocky Mount for past two years. Twice Representative in General Assembly* Fraternal orders: .Mason. Pythian, Jr. O. U. A. M. Formerly Junior Warden in Masonic Order. Has been through all chairs in Pythian and Jr. O. U. A. M. Meth- odist. Trustee; steward. Married, in 1802. Miss Louise C. Fountain. Three children. Address: Rocky Mount, X. ('.

BENJAMIN THOMAS HOLDEN.

(Seventh District.—Counties: Franklin. Nash. Wilson. Two Sena- tors. ) Benjamin Thomas IIoldkn, Democrat, Senator from the Seventh District, was born in Franklin County, X. C. March 1. 1883. S >f John M. and Maggie A. (Bragg) Holden. Educated at Youngsville High School. 1900-1901: Wake Forest College, A.B., 1906; B.L., 1907. Anniversary debater. 190(5: commencement orator. 1906. Lawyer State Senator from Seventh District. 1909 and 1911. Knights of Pythias. Mason. Address: Louisburg, X. C. 256 State Senators.

MARION LESLIE .DAVIS.

(Eighth District.—Counties: Carteret, Craven, Greene, Jones, Le- noir and Onslow. Two Senators.) .Marion Leslie Davis, Democrat, Senator from the Eighth District, was born at Beaufort. N. C, August 9, 1879. Son of John D. and Narcissa Elizabeth (Webb) Davis. Educated at Beaufort High School; Wake Forest College, A.B., 1905. President Y. M. C. A..

1904 ; Senior speaker. 1905; commencement orator. 1905; College Glee Club, 1903-1906; orchestra. 1904-1906; Senior Critic Phi. Society, 1904-1905; assistant keeper of rolls, 1903-1905; assistant History De- partment, 1905-1906; member Pbilomatbesian Society; cbief marshal (Phi. Society), anniversary, 1904. LL.B. Wake Forest, 1906. Law- yer. Alderman of Beaufort, 1901-1903; City Clerk. 1903; Town At- torney, 1907-1909; County Attorney, 1907-1910; Trustee Beaufort Graded Schools and secretary of same from organization in 1909 until day before election, 1910. Representative in General Assembly from Carteret County. 1907-1908; State Senator, 1911. Interested in fish and fisheries ; oyster industry ; education and pensions for Con- federate soldiers. Fraternal orders: Mason, Senior Warden Franklin

I. Lodge, Xo. 109; O. O. F. ; Grand Guardian. X. C. Grand Lodge, 1910-1911 tbe Member on Law. Su- ; Woodman of World ; Committee preme Knights of Harmony. Baptist. Deacon since 1001; clerk: chairman Board of Trustees; superintendent Sunday-school about six since 1906 vice moderator Neuse- years ; teacher Baraca Class ; Atlantic Association, 1908-1909; moderator of same since November, 1909; member Associational Executive Committee. Now President Wake Forest College Alumni Association. Member Third Judicial Executive Committee and secretary of same. 1908-1910. Address: Beaufort. N. C.

ERNEST MATHEWS GREEN.

(Eighth District.—Counties: Craven, Carteret, Greene. Jones. Le- noir, Onslow. Two Senators.) Ernest Mathews Green, Democrat, of Craven County, was born at Xew Bern. X. C, September 23. 1871. Son of John Curtis and Martha (Mathews) Green. Educated at Davis Military School and borne schools. Studied law at University of North Carolina Law School, 1903. Lawyer. Chairman of Democratic Executive Com- State Senators. 257 mittee of Tjhird Judicial District. Register of Deeds. Attorney Cor Craven County. Representative in General Assembly from Craven County, 1909. Fraternal order: B. P. O. E. Baptist. Address: New Bern, N. C.

JOHN LANGIIORNB BARHAM.

District.— : (Ninth County Wayne. One Senator. ) John Langhoene Barham, Democrat, of Wayne County, was born at Newsoms, Va., January 19, 1879. Son of Joseph L. and Bettie (Langhorne) Barham. Educated at Randolph-Macon Academy (Bed ford City, Va.) ; Randolph-Macon College. Studied law at University of Virginia and at University of North Carolina. Lawyer. City At- torney of Goldsboro, N. C. from 1904 to 1909. State Senator from

Ninth District, 1909 and 1911. Fraternal orders : Kappa Alpha (college fraternity), B. P. O. E. (Exalted Ruler, April, 1908, to April, 1909), Jr. O. U. A. M. Episcopalian. Married, April 26, 1906, -Miss

Hannah Dewey. Two children. Address : Goldsboro, N. ( '.

RIVERS DUNN JOHNSON. (Tenth District.—Counties: Duplin and Pender. One Senator.) Rivebs Dunn Johnson, Democrat. Senator from the Tenth I>i^ trict, was born at Wilson, N. C, December 29, 1884. Son of Seymour Anderson and Annie Elizabeth (Clark) Johnson. Educated at War saw High School, 1900-1901; James Sprunt Institute. Kenansville, 1902-1903; Wake Forest College, 1904-1906. President Sophomore Class; anniversary marshal. Wake Forest Law School. Lawyer. Chairman Board of Governors, Warsaw Commercial Club. Member North Carolina Bar Association. Member Executive Committee, Fifth Judicial District. Mayor of Warsaw. 1909-1910. interested in legislation concerning good roads and increased pensions of Con federate soldiers. Fraternal orders: Mason (Senior Deacon, Junior

Warden, and Senior Warden from November 1, 1907, till present). Baptist. Has delivered addresses at soldiers' reunion; Confederate veterans. Duplin County; Veterans of Companies B and E, at W.il lace; and an historical address, at the annual picnic at Rockj Point, \ on the "Early Settlers of Pender County."' Address: Warsaw, C 17 258 State Senators.

GEORGE II. BELLAMY.

(Eleventh District.—Counties: New Hanover and Brunswick. One Senator.)

George H. Bellamy. Democrat. State Senator, 1911. Address : Town Creek, N. C.

i JOSEPH ADDISON BROWN.

(Twelfth District.—Counties: Bladen and Columbus. One Sena- tor. ) Joseph Addison Brown, Democrat, Senator from the Twelfth Dis- trict, was born at Rockingham, N. G, July 9, 1861. Attended commercial school one year. Merchant, farmer, manufacturer. Mem- ber Executive Committee Southern Cotton Growers' Association; President North Carolina Drainage Association. State Senator in 1893, 1899, 1901, 1903. 1911. Member State's Prison Board in 1902. Interested in legislation concerning State control or regulation of water-powers; State primary election law; law to prohibit sale of to sale near-beer ; drainage law ; law prevent of cigarettes or cigar- ette papers t<> minors, and to extend school system. Fraternal orders : Mason. I. O. O. F., K. of P. Presbyterian. Married, June 25,

1897, Miss Minnie Mclver. One child. Address : Chadbourn, N. C.

W. S. COBB.

(Thirteenth District.—County: Robeson. One Senator.)

W. S. Cobb, Democrat. State Senator. 1911. Address : Lumber

Bridge,i?-' • N. C.

JOHN WILLIAMSON McLACCHLIN.

(Fourteenth District.—County: Cumberland. One Senator.) John Williamson McLatjchlin, Democrat, Senator from the Four- teenth District, was born in Cumberland County, N. C, April 16, 1846. Son of William and Mary McRae McLauchlin. Educated at Davidson College, A.B., 1874. Merchant, farmer, real estate dealer. Twice State Senator from Cumberland County. Presbyterian. Elder. Married, October 15, 1905, Miss Christiana McFadyen. Ad- dress : Raeford, N. C. State Senators. 259

JOHN ROBERT BAGGETT.

(Fifteenth District.—Counties : Harnett, Johnston and Sampson. Two Senators.)

John Robert Baggett, Democrat, Senator from the Fifteenth Dis- trict, was born at Bass, Sampson County, N. ('.. October 1. L871. Son of Silas E. and Winneford Wilson Baggett. Educated at Glen- coe High School. 1892-1894; .Salem High School. 1894-1895; University of North Carolina, 1896-1899; University Law School, L908. Attorney at law. Interested in good road law for Harnett County; advancement of State educational institutions by consolidating into one great University and increasing appropriations; modification of prohibition act. Mason; master of lodge; also, Jr. O. U. A. M. Baptist. Sep- tember 8, 1901, married Miss Allene Keeter. Four children. Raised on farm. Educated himself. Taught school. Salem. Sampson County, and Buies Creek. Harnett County, for twelve years. Began practice of law in May. 11)09. Address : Lillington. N. C.

O. A. BARBER.

(Fifteenth District. —Counties: Harnett. Johnston and Sampson. Two Senators.)

O. A. Barber. Democrat. State Senator, 1911. Address: I'.en- sou, N. C.

ENOCH WALTER SIKES.

(Sixteenth District.—County: Wake. One Senator.) Enoch Walter Sikes, Democrat. Senator from the Sixteenth !»is- trict. was born in Union County, N. C, May 19. lSdN. Son of John C. and Jane Austin Sikes. Educated at O. C. Hamilton's school, Stanly County. 18S3-18SG; Wake Forest College, NLA. Member De bating Society; representative in various contests; leader in football. Johns Hopkins University, Ph.D., 1897. Professor of History in Wake Forest College. Interested in legislation affecting the teaching of agriculture, methods of taxation, direct legislation, develop ment of greater efficiency in State governments. Baptist. Has contributed various historical and literary articles; addresses to schools 260 State Senators. and colleges: -From Colony to Commonwealth"; "The Confederate Congress," Editor North Carolina Baptist Historical Papers. Mar- ried, in 1900, Miss Ruth Wingate. Two children. Address : Wake Forest. N. ('.

MARMADFKE J. HAWKINS. (Seventeenth District.—Counties: Warren and Vance. One Sena- tor. ) Marmaduke J. Hawkins, Democrat. Senator from the Seventeenth

District, was born in Warren County. N. ('., September 9, 1850. Son of Dr. William .J. and Alethia Clark Hawkins. Educated at Dr. Wil- son's Alamance School, County, 1865-1867 ; Bingham's School, Mebane ; of University Virginia ; Professor Minor's Law School, University of Virginia, B.L., 1870-1871. Woolen manufacturer; lawyer; large interests in lands. farming Trustee University of North Carolina ; member Judicial, Congressional and State Democratic committees. officer Chief deputy revenue for four years ; twenty years chairman County Commissioners of Warren County. Interested in legislation concerning farming and manufacturing. Fraternal orders: Mason, past master and member of Commandery. Episcopalian. Senior Warden. Married, June 20, 1878, Miss Rebecca B. Davis. Three children. Address: Ridgeway, N. C.

ARCHIBALD ARRINGTON HICKS. (Eighteenth District.—Counties: Person and Granville. One Sena- tor. ) Archibald Arrington Hicks, Democrat. Senator from Eighteenth District, was born near Oxford. N. C. September 9, 1862. Son of Benjamin Willis and Isabella Crews Hicks. Educated in public schools: Pleasant Hill Academy; Shiloh Academy, 1S79-1880: Yadkin

College, 1SS0 to 1S83 ; stood second in class ; won debater's medal. Attorney at law. Member North Carolina Bar Association. Mayor of Oxford. 1892-1894. State Senator. 1S99, 1903, 1907, 1911. Ap- pointed by Governor Kitchin Assistant Adjutant General with rank of Major. Odd Fellow. Served in Grand Lodge and Chief Patriarch in Encampment, 1892-1893. Methodist Protestant. Delegate to Gen- State Senators. 261 eral Conference. At present superintendent of Sunday-school, Oxford M. E. Church. August 8, 1894, married to Miss Hettie Willie Minor.

Four children. Address : Oxford, N. C.

JAMES A. HURDLE. (Nineteenth District.—Counties: Alamance, Caswell, Durham, Orange. Two Senators.) James A. Hurdle, Democrat, Senator from the Nineteenth District, was born in Alamance County, July 15, 1840. Son of Josiah and Phoebe (Hanson) Hurdle. Educated in common schools in Caswell County, 1858-1SG0, and up to 1866; Baltimore Dental College, gradu-

< ated in 1881. Dentist. President Bank of Caswell, Milton. X. '. : has held similar place in Merchant's Bank of Milton; vice president Milton Bridge Company. Member Dental Association since 1882; now member Southern Dental Association. Member Milton Town Commissioners, 1887-1901. Member Board of Elections, Caswell County, 190G-1910. Interested in legislation concerning good roads, schools, and increased pensions for old soldiers. In 18G5 belonged to 16-year-old boys' company drilling for service. Married. October 22, 1902, Miss Julia Elliott. Address: Milton, N. C.

JOHN WASHINGTON GRAHAM.

(Nineteenth District.—Counties: Alamance, Caswell. Durham, Orange. Two Senators.) John Washington Graham, Democrat, Senator from the Nine- teenth District, was born at Hillsboro, July 22, 1838. Sod of Wil liam A. and Susan Washington Graham. Educated at Mrs. Finch's School, Raleigh, 1845-1848; Caldwell Institute, 1849-1850; Abbott's Hills- Classical School, Georgetown. D. ('.. 1850-1852; B. R. Hush. boro, 1852; Ralph II. Graves', Hillsboro, 1853; University of North Carolina, B.A., 1857. B.A., A.M.. LL.B. Attended law school of lion. W. H. Battle and S. F. Phillips, Chapel Hill, June. L860. Lawyer. Solicitor of County Court, 1865-1868; State Senator, L868-1872; 1876- 187S, 1907, 1911; chairman of Tax Commission, L885-1886. Member 262 State Senators. of the Constitutional Convention, 1868. Interested in proper maintenance of all educational institutions and public schools, good roads, efficient supervision and control of all public-service corporations. R. C. Gatlin Lieutenant in Orange Guards; Aid to Gen. ; Captain Company D, Fifty-sixth Regiment, North Carolina Volunteers (C. S. Volunteers. A.) : .Major. Fifty-sixth Regiment, North Carolina Epis- copalian. Vestryman of St. Matthews Church, Hillsboro. Literary

: of address the ] (inductions Report Tax Commission, 1S8G; upon presentation of portrait of Hon. A. D. Murphey to Supreme Court,

in Court ; in Senate of October 27, 1908 ; briefs Supreme speeches 18G8-1869, 1869-1870, and 1907-1908. Married. October 9, 1867. Miss six children Miss Rebecca B. Cameron, by whom he had ; Margaret F. Bailey, December 14, 1887, by whom he has one son. Always lived in country, and is fond of agriculture and rural supervision for Hills- boro Township. Address : Hillsboro, N. C.

ALLAN DENNY I VIE.

(Twentieth District.—County: Rockingham. One Senator.) Allan Denny Ivie, Democrat, Senator from the Twentieth Dis- trict, was born in Patrick County, Va., May 3. 1873. Son of Wil- liam Sterling and Sallie (Scales) Ivie. Educated at Oak Ridge Insti- tute, 1896-1898. and at the University of North Carolina. President A. Di. as orator on Birth- Y. M. C. ; chosen by Society Washington's day Celebration, 1902. President Law Class, University of North Carolina, 1902. Lawyer. Interested in legislation affecting public education, agricultural interests, shortening hours of labor in certain manufacturing industries. Fraternal orders : K. of P., Jr. O. U. A. M. Methodist. Steward and lay reader. Married. October 11, 1905, Miss Annie McKinney. Two children. Address: Leaksville, N. C.

FRANKLIN P. HOBGOOD, Jr. — (T vent ii- first District. County: Guilford. One Senator.)

Franklin P. Hobgood, Jr., Democrat, was born in Granville County, December 17, 1872. Son of Franklin P. and Mary Anne Royal Hob- Forest good. Educated at Horner Military School ; Wake College, State Senators. 263

A.B., 1893; valedictorian, George Washington University. LL.B., L898. Lawyer. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M. (Senior Grand Deacon.

Grand I. O. O. F. < Lodge); (Past Grand); Jr. ). \\ a. M. (Pasl Councilor). Baptist. Married. October 9, L907, Miss Lucy McGee Glenn. Address: Greensboro, N. C.

HENRY MAUGER LONDON.

(Twenty-second District.—Counties: Chatham, Lee. Moore, Rich- pond, Scotland. Two Senators.) Henry Mauger London, Democrat, Senator from the twenty-second District, was born at Pittsboro, N. C, April 11, 1ST'.). Son of Henry Armand and Bettie Louise (Jackson) London. Educated at Pitts boro Academy and University of North Carolina. A.B.. 1899. Editor in chief of Tar Heel editor (college weekly paper) ; University Maga- zine. Columbian (now George Washington) University Law School, 1900-1902; University of North Carolina Law School, 1902-1! Hi;;. Law- yer. Mayor of Pittsboro, 1903-190."); Representative in General As- sembly from Chatham County. 1909. State Senator, 1911. Inter- ested in legislation relative to rights and liabilities of married women, giving to married women full power to enter into executory contracts their real as if binding property, and personal, unmarried ; repealing or modifying law making husband liable for wife's ions committed by her without his knowledge or consent. College fraternity, Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Episcopalian. Vestryman since 1903. Has published "Sketch of the Life of Johnston Blakely" il mversity Magazine, May, 1899). November 2.1. 1908, married Miss .Mamie El-

liott. One child. Address : Pittsboro, N. C.

DANIEL A. Mc DONALD.

(Twenty-second -District.—Counties: Chatham, Lee. Moore, Rich- mond, Scotland. Two Senators.) Daniel A. McDonald, Democrat, Senator from the Twenty-second District, was born in Moore County. June 13, 1851. Son of Allen and Mary Ann (Mclver) McDonald. Educated al the University of Ken tucky; diploma in commercial department, L874. General merchant, 2i; I State Senators. farmer, real estate dealer, hank director and railroad director. Di- rector of C. and P. Railroad. Now president of Randolph and Cum- berland Railroad. Town Commissioner of Carthage. County Sur- veyor and Clerk of Superior Court of Moore County, 18S6-190G. Rep- resentative in General Assembly from Moore County, 1909. State Senator in 1911. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M. (treasurer of Lodge No. 1S1). Presbyterian. March 20. 1883, married Miss Ida A. Martin. Five children. Address: Cartilage, N. C.

CHARLES A. ARMSTRONG.

(Tiraitii-tliird District.—Counties: Montgomery and Randolph.

One Senator. I Charles A. Armstrong, Democrat, Senator from the Twenty-third District, was born at Melbourne, Australia. December 25. 1858. Son of David and Esther Stuart Armstrong. Educated in private school, about 8 or 10 months altogether. Entirely self-educated. Clerk Supe- rior Court of Montgomery County twelve years, 1S98 : 1910. Mason, about ten years. Treasurer. Methodist. In 1900, married Miss Martha J. Shankle. Four children. Has lived in North Carolina about 32 years. Naturalized in Montgomery County. Address : Troy, N. C.

D. N. BENNETT.

(Twenty-fourth District.—Counties: Anson, Davidson, Stanly, and Union. Two Senators.)

D. N. Bennett. Democrat. State Senator, 1911. Address : Nor- wood, N. C.

REUBEN WEDDINGTON LEMMOND.

(Tircntii-fourtli District. —Counties: Anson, Davidson, Stanly, Union. Two Senators.) Reuben Weddington Lemmond, Democrat, Senator from the Twenty-fourth District, was born May 20, 1872. Son of Cyrus Q. and Eliza E. (Harrison) Lemmond. Educated at Union Institute and Sandy Ridge High School, 1890-1894. University of North Caro- State Senators. -2c,r, lina, taking law course, 1001. Attorney at law. Representative to General Assembly, 1909. State Senator. 11)11. Fraternal orders: Mason (Master of lodge, 1005; now District Deputy Grand Master), I. O. O. P., K. of P., D. O. K. K.. and P. O. E. Presbyterian. Mar- ried, in 1800, Miss Ella R. Hunter. Four children. Address: Mon- roe, N. C.

LUTHER THOMPSON HARTSELL.

(Twenty-fifth District.—Counties: Cabarrus, Mecklenburg. Two

Senators. ) Luther Thompson Haktsell, Democrat, Senator from the Twenty- fifth District, was born in Cabarrus County, October 13, L870. Son of McDonald J. and Sarah C. Boger Hartsell. Educated in public schools till 1888; Union Institute, 18SS-1800; graduated from Trinity

College in 1894, with degree of Ph.D. Was chief marshal in L893 : editor in chief Trinity Archive, 1S03-1804. Graduated in law at Uni- versity of North Carolina. L896, degree of LL.B. Attorney at law. Member North Carolina Bar Association. County Attorney. 1900-1908 and 1010. Member lower House of General Assembly from Cabarrus County, 1800. B. P. O. E., Concord Lodge. 857; Exalted Ruler, L906- 1000. Representative to Grand Lodge, 1908-1910. Now State Coun- cilor, Jr. O. U. A. M. Presbyterian. Delivered address before Na- tional Building and Loan Association at Philadelphia. July. 1909. December 4. 1901, married Miss Janie W. Ervin. One son. Address:

Concord. N. ( '.

HENRY NEAL PHARR. Two (T went y-fif Hi District.—Counties : Cabarrus. Mecklenburg. Senators.) Henry N. Pharr, Democrat, of Mecklenburg County, was bom of Waller YY. and October 26, 1865, at Statesville, N. C. Son Emily S. (Neal) Pharr. Educated in schools of Mecklenburg County; of North Davidson College, A.B., 1887. Studied law at University Carolina, 1S80. Lawyer. State Senator from Twenty-fifth District, .Married .Miss Bettie fates, 1903, 1007, 1000, 1011. Presbyterian. 1896. Widower since 1S00. One child. Address: Charlotte, IS l 266 State Senators.

ARCHIBALD HENDERSON BOYDEN.

(Twenty-sixth District.—County: Rowan. One Senator.) Archibald Henderson Boyden. Democrat, Senator from the Twenty- sixth District, was born at Salisbury. N. C, January 29, 1847. Son of Nathaniel and Jane (Henderson) Boyden. Educated at Dr. Alex- ander Wilson's school, Melville, 1862-1863. Went into the Confed- erate Army from school. Cotton buyer and wholesale grocery business. President Chamber of Commerce. Mayor of Salisbury, 1900- 1908. Interested in legislation concerning good roads, better care of old soldiers, insane, University of North Carolina, and education. Courier for General Hoke in the Civil War. Fraternal orders: Knights of Pythias, B. P. O. E., Royal Arcanum. Episcopalian; vestryman. Married. July 7. 1880, Miss May Shober. Two children.

Address : Salisbury, N. C.

HENRY R. STARBUCK.

(Twenty-seventh District.—County : Forsyth. One Senator.) Henry R. Starbuck, Republican, Senator from the Twenty-seventh District, was born in Winston-Salem. N. C. August 15, 1866. Son of D. II. and Ellen (Blickenderfer) Starbuck. Educated at Salem Boys' School ; University of North Carolina. A.B., 18S7. Lawyer. Supe- rior Court Judge, 1S95-1903. State Senator from Twenty-seventh District, 1909 and 1911. Trustee of the University. Moravian. No- vember 7, 1890, married Miss Nannie Lee Agurs. Address : Winston- Salem. N. C.

RUFUS LAFAYETTE HAYMORE.

(Twenty-eighth District.—Counties: Stokes and Surry. One Sena- tor. ) Rufus Lafayette Haymore, Republican, of Surry County, was born in Surry County in 1851. Son of and Virginia (Pitt- man) Haymore. Lawyer. County Commissioner, 1S83. Mayor of Mount Airy, N. C, 1897. Now member of Water and Lights Com- mission of Mount Airy. Representative in General Assembly of 1909. State 1911. church Senator, Baptist ; treasurer ; Sunday-school superintendent, 1896, 1897. 1S98. Address : Mount Airy, N. C. State Senators. 267

JOEL C. PINNIX.

(Twenty-ninth District.—Counties: Davie, Wilkes. Yadkin. One

Senator. ) Joel C. Pinnix, Republican, Senator from the Twenty-ninth Dis trict, was born in Yadkin County, November IT, 1855. Son of Fred eriek and Sarah Dobbins Pinnix. Educated at Boonville Academy, 1877; Trap Hill Academy, 1SS3. Merchant and farmer. Justice of 1S95-1S97 collector internal peace, ; deputy revenue. L889-1893; 1901 1904; postmaster, Marler, N. C, 1894-1900; 1910 (to November 1st). Interested in legislation concerning internal improvements and education. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M., held office of secretary,

S. W. ; now Worshipful Master. Missionary Baptist. Clerk, 1878- 18S4. Married. November 25, 1S77, Miss Catherine Shore. Ten children. Taught in public and academic schools 12 years. Address: Marler, N. C.

ZEBULON VANCE LONG.

(Thirtieth District.—County: Iredell. One Senator.) Zebulon Vance Long, Democrat, Senator from the Thirtieth Dis- trict, was born near Statesville, N. C, March 11, 1877. Son of Dr. John Fletcher and Mary Susan (Cowan) Long. Educated at public schools, graded schools of Statesville and Statesville Male Academy. Studied law at University of North Carolina, 1S99-1900. Orator law- class, 1900. Admitted to Bar, February, 1900. Private secretary to Theodore Kluttz, M. C. State Senator from Thirtieth District. L9Q5, 1907, 190S, 1911. Interested in legislation affecting temperance, education, charitable institutions. Fraternal order: Jr. O. 1. A. M. Methodist steward. Has delivered a number of ; educational, political, and temperance addresses. Married, January U. L908, Miss Isabel Hill Scott. Address: Statesville, N. C.

J. F. REINIIARDT. One Sen- (Thirty-first District.—Counties : Catawba and Lincoln.

ator. ) J. F. Reinhardt, Democrat. Senator from the Thirty-firsl District, was born in Lincoln County, N. C, in 1845. Son of F. M. and Sarah 268 State Senators.

(Smith) Reinhardt. Educated at Rutherford Academy. Farmer and merchant. Representative in General Assembly of 1S95, ISO!), and Interested in affect- 1901 ; State Senator, 1903, 1907, 1911. legislation ing pensions. Member Company "K," First N. C. Volunteers; was at

Battle of Bethel under Gen. D. H. Hill ; under General Baker in Seven Days' battles around Richmond; at Second Battle of Manassas, under

at under Colonel ; at Jackson ; Harper's Ferry and Sharpsburg Mosby Gettysburg; served as a scout under General Hampton and General Stuart, and was in all battles of Lee's Army in Northern Virginia. Fraternal order: Mason. Presbyterian. Married, in 1S70, Miss

in 1910. Miss Altie Address : Leeky Smith ; and Abernethy. Stanley, N. C, R.F.D.

JOHN GRAHAM CARPENTER.

(Thirty-second District. —County: Gaston. One Senator.) John Graham Carpenter, Democrat, Senator from the Thirty- second District, was born at Stanley, Gaston County, N. C, February 27, 1SS3. Son of B. F. and Fannie Mason Carpenter. Educated in high school up to 1898; Bingham School (Mebane), 1898-1899; Law School, University of North Carolina. Lawyer. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M. (Junior Warden, Gaston Lodge), Jr. O. U. A. M., Stanley Camp Modern Woodmen of America. Lutheran. Married,

December 14, 1910. Miss Nancy Elizabeth Brunson. Address : Dallas, N. C.

OLIVER MAX GARDNER.

(Thirty-third District.—Counties: Cleveland, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford. Two Senators.) Oliver Max Gardner, Democrat, Senator from the Thirty-third District, was born at Shelby, N. C, March 22, 1882. Son of Dr. O. P. and Margaret Young Gardner. Educated at Shelby graded schools, and N. C. A. and M. College, B.S., 1903. Won debater's and orator's

football team ; three baseball medal ; two years captain years manager two instructor in chem- of athletics ; team ; graduate manager years istry. University Law School, 1900. Captain University football team, 1906. Lawyer. In 190S, was State Organizer of Democratic clubs in leading colleges; County Chairman Cleveland County, 1908* State Senators. 269

1910; member of State Democratic Executive Committee. Member North Carolina Bar Association; State Guard Association; attorney for Merchants' Association, Shelby, N. C. Especially interested in education and extension of agricultural training in high schools of in State; good roads; increasing efficiency of militia : legal reform and uniformity of taxation. Captain Company "G," First X. < '. [nfantry, commissioned 1907. Fraternal orders: Odd Fellows; .Jr. Order; Sigma Nu Fraternity and Gorgon's Head (college fraternities). Baptist. Married, November G, 1908, Miss Fay Lamar Webb. Two children. First graduate of A. and M. College of North Carolina ever elected member of General Assembly. Address: Shelby, X. < '.

JAMES C. FISHER.

(Thirty-third District.—Counties: Cleveland. Henderson. Folk. Rutherford. Two Senators.) James C. Fisher, Democrat. Senator from the Thirty-third District, was born in Transylvania County on May 27, 1854. Son of John ami Carruth Fisher. Attended subscription schools L86G '67, and also studied at home. Farmer and lumberman. Mayor of Tryon, liii!7-l!)0S. School trustee; road trustee; justice of the peace. For the past thirty years has been an official either of the town or county. F. S. gauger, 1884-188S. Interested in legislation concerning public institutions, pensions for old soldiers, good roads, and prohibition. Mason for 40 years. Jr. O. I". A. M.. trustee, warden, vice councilor. Baptist. Has delivered addresses on education. November 8, L885, married Fannie E. Henderson. Seven children. Address: Tryon, N. C.

FINCKNEY HODGE MASHBURN.

(Thirty-fourth District.—Counties : Alexander. Burke, Caldwell,

McDowell. Two Senators. > Pinckney Hodge Mashburn, Republican, Senator from the Thirty- fourth District, was born in McDowell County. February -.".. 1868. Son of William and Martha Grant Mashburn. Educated al Greenlee Academy. Sheriff McDowell County. 1902 1910. Mason I'm- 21 years. Sandlin. One Presbyterian. January 20, 1898, married Miss Mamie Child. Address: Marion, N. C. 270 State Senators.

THOMAS LOCKE SIGMON'.

(Thirty-fourth District.—Counties: Alexander, Burke. Caldwell, McDowell. Two Senators.)

Thomas Locke Sigmon, Democrat, Senator from the Thirty-fourth

District, was horn in Alexander County, N. C, March !). 1873. Son of Andrew and Mary M. (Teague) Sigmon. Educated at Granite Falls and Amherst academies, 1895-1899, and at Rutherford College. Business manager of the college journal, the X-Ray. Real estate and insurance agent. Chairman and treasurer, Carnegie Free Lihrary Commission. Rutherford College. X. C. Mayor of Rutherford Col- lege, 1905-1908. Representative in General Assembly from Burke County, 1909. State Senator, 1911. Baptist; Deacon, 1905-1909. Married. June 4, 1S99, Miss Geneva Francis Tilley. Five children.

Address : Connelly Springs, N. C.

JOHN MARTIN WAGONER.

(Thirty-fifth District.—Counties: Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga. One Senator.)

John Martin Wagoner, Republican. Senator from the Thirty-fifth District, was born in Alleghany County, N. C, August 18, 1876. Educated at North Wilkesboro Academy, 1900 ; Laurel Springs Acad- emy, 1901; Wake Forest College. Wake Forest Law School, Febru- ary, 1904. Lawyer. Member Congressional Executive Committee, Eighth District, 1900-1910. Chairman Republican Executive Com- mittee of Alleghany County, 1908-1910. Married, February 28, 1906,

Miss Venie Edwards. One child. Address : Sparta, N. C.

JAMES L. HYATT.

(Thirty-sixth District.—Counties: Alleghany, Ashe, and Watauga. One Senator.) James L. Hyatt. Republican. State Senator. 1911. Address: Burnsville, N. C. State Senators. 271

JULIUS C. MARTIN.

District.— (Thirty-seventh County: Buncombe. One Sena'tor.) Julius C. Martin, Democrat, Senator from the Thirty-seventh was born in District, Wilkes County, N. C, October 2, 1861. S. f Augustus Harrison and Susan Virginia (Corpening) Martin. Edu- Hill cated at Oak Academy, Grayson County, Va., 1881-1882; Uni- versity of North Carolina, 1SS4-1SS5; private law school of George X. Folk, lawyer. Director Asbeville Electric Company; director citizens Bank. Chairman Buncombe County Board of Education. 1903-1910; corporation counsel, city of Asbeville, 1895-1897. Interested in legis- education, law lation concerning reform, good roads, agricultural improvement. Freemason. Baptist. Trustee Firs! Baptisl Church of Asbeville 18 years; chairman of financial board. Married .Miss Helen Emilie Goertz-Welles. Three children. Elected chairman

Board of Elections, Buncombe County, by vote of people, 1904, 1906, 1908. State Senator in 1911. Address: Asbeville. N. C.

THOMAS AUGUSTUS COX.

(Thirty-eighth District.—Counties: Haywood. Jackson. Swain. and Transylvania. One Senator.)

Thomas Augustus Cox, Democrat, Senator from the Thirty-eighth District, was born in Greenville, S. C, August 19, 1863. Son of Thomas Mason and Hannah Julia (Skinner) Cox. Educated at

Gaillard High School: private schools of . Greenville, S. C. ; Furman Institute (Greenville, S. C), 187G-1S79; Hall's School (Engineering), Baltimore, Md. Engineer (civil and mining) and farmer. Engineer U. S. Merchant Marine, 1884-1886. Trustee University of the South (Sewanee, Tenn.), 1JI021910. Interested in legislation affecting ur "od roads and education. Episcopalian. Married, October 27, 1887, .Miss Cora Kate Davies. Six children. Address: Cullowhee, X. C. - i - State Senators.

OMAR LEE ANDERSON.

(Thirty-ninth District.—Counties: Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Ma- con. One Senator.) Omar Lee Anderson, Republican, Senator from the Thirty-ninth

District, was born at Fort Hemboer, Clay County, N. C, June 3, 1869. Son of Captain James S. and Josephine S. (Ketron) Anderson. Edu- cated at Hicksville Academy; Ilayesville schools; Hayesville Male and Female College, 1SSG-1S70 ; private law school, 1895-1896. Re- ceived law license September, 1S96. Lawyer, farmer, and stock raiser. Representative in General Assembly from Clay County, 1903; State Senator, 1911 ; Presidential elector on Republican ticket for Tenth Congressional District, 1008. Interested in legislation affecting good roads. Fraternal orders: Jr. G. U. A. M., first Councilor two terms, since Deputy State Councilor two terms ; I. O. O. F., recording secretary two terms. Married, November 24, 1S97, Miss

Edna Davidson. Address : Hayesville, N. C.

OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

WILLIAM CAREY DOWD, speaker of the house of representatives. William Carey Dowd, Democrat, of Mecklenburg County, was born in Monro County. X. C. March 21. 1865. Son of J. C. and Hen- rietta M. (Rives) Dowd. Educated at Carolina Military Institute and at Wake Forest College, A.B., 1SS9 ; first debater at the annua] debate, and assistant editor of the ^Yake Forest Student. Publisher. President of the North Carolina Press Association and State Demo- cratic Press Association. President and general manager of the News Publishing Company and of the Textile Publishing Company of Charlotte. State Senator. 1895. Delegate to the National Demo- cratic Convention. 1896 and 1900. Elector of the Sixth District, 1900.J Representative in the General Assembly from Mecklenburg County, 19(>7, 1909, 1911. The unanimous choice of the Democratic caucus for Speaker. Elected Speaker of the House for 1911. Fraternal order: Knights of Honor (chancellor commander). P»aptist ; deacon; moderator of Mecklenburg and Cabarrus Association; president State Convention, 1911. Married. November 23, 1892, Miss Baptist ]

Eloise Jordan Butt. Three children. Address : Charlotte, N. C. Members of House of Representatives. lit:;

THEODORE GETTYS GOBI:. CHIEF CLERK OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Theodore G. Cobb. Democrat, of Burke County, was born May 9, 1867, at Newton. N. C. Son of R. A. and Matilda (Falls.) Cobb. Educated at private schools of Morganton, 1875-1881. Editor. Alder- man of town of Morganton. Mayor, 1003-1904. Chief Clerk of House, 1909 and 1911. Fraternal orders: Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows, Jr. O. U. A. M. (State Councilor Junior Order, L906). Historian North Carolina Press Association, 1907-1908. Historical address before the North Carolina Press Association a I Charlotte, 190S. Married Miss Martha Ella Kincaid, December 14. 1SS7. Six- children. Address : Morganton, N. C.

MEMBERS.

JACOB ELMER LONG. Jacob Elmer Long, Democrat. Representative from Alamance Comity, was bom in Tanceyville, N. C, July 31, 1880. Son of Jacob Alson and Esta Teague Long. Educated at Graham College. 1S8S- 1890; Elon College. 1891-1895: Horner Military School. 189G-1S98; University of North Carolina, 1900-1903. President Franklin Liter- N. Grad ary Society (Horner) ; President Order of Sphinx (U. C). uated in law, University of North Carolina, 1903. Lawyer, (hair- man Township Executive Committee; member Democratic Congres- sional Executive Committee, Fifth District. 1910. Fraternal orders:

Sigma Nu Fraternity (college); Omega Tan Legal Fraternity i col- Married. November lege) ; Order of Sphinx (college). Presbyterian. 10. 1909. Miss Lessie Erminie Peay. Address: Graham, X. < '.

TAYLOR OVID TEAGUE.

Taylor Ovid Teague, Republican. Representative from Alexander County, was born in Alexander County. N. C, July 22, is.;.;. Son of Columbus and Candis Lipe Teague. Educated in common schools. Engaged in lumber and veneering business. Interested in legislation

18 274 Members of House of Representatives.

affecting good roads. Fraternal orders: Mason. Jr. O. U. A. M. (treasurer, 1904). Baptist. Married Miss Genelia Gant. Nine children. Address: Taylorsville. N. ('.

RUFUS A. DOUGHTON. Rtjfus A. Doughton, Democrat, of Alleghany Comity, was born in Alleghany County, N. C. January 10. 1857. Son of .7. Horton and Rebecca (Jones) Doughton. Educated at Independence (Va.) High School. 1S76-1877; University of North Carolina. Studied law at University of North Carolina. 1880. Lawyer, fanner, and banker. President of Bank of Sparta. Attorney for the North Carolina Rail- road. Representative from Alleghany County in the General Assem- bly. INST. 1889, 1891, 1003. 1007. 1909, 1911. Lieutenant Governor. 1003-1907. Speaker of the House. 1891. Fraternal order: Mason. Methodist. Married. January 3. 1883. Miss Sue B. Parks. Two children. Address: Sparta. N. ('.

THOMAS C. CONK.

Thomas c. Coxe, Democrat, of Anson County, was born at Liles- ville. N. C. July 15, 1875. Son of William J. and Pattie (Barringer) Coxe. Farmer and real estate agent. Representative in General As- sembly from Anson County. 1000. 1011. Methodist: steward. Mar- ried. January 2. 1001. Miss Armantine McAlister. Four children. Ad-

dress : Wadesboro. N. C.

HARRISON C. TUCKER.

Harbison ( '. Tucker, Democrat. Representative from Ashe County.

Address : Weasel. N. C.

JOHN FRANKLIN LATHAM. John Franklin Latham. Democrat, of Beaufort County, was born at Bath, N. C. April 3, I860. Son of John W. and Elizabeth Latham. Educated at Centerville Academy. 18S7-1SSS. Farmer. Justice of the peace since 1001. Representative in General Assembly from Beau- Members of House of Representatives. 275

fort 1909. 1911. County, Especially interested in legislation affecting good roads and good schools. Fraternal order: Charitable Brother hood of North Carolina, of which he is secretary, vice president, and district marshal. Church of Christ; elder; superintendent of Sundaj chairman of official school; board and president of district convention, now serving second term; district contains eight counties in the eastern of the State. Delivered address part before Sunday-scl 1 con vention at Washington, N. C. in 1908; subject. "How to -Make the Sunday-school a Success in the Country Church." Married. Decern ber 18, 1889, Miss Rhoda E. Oden. Four children. Address: Wash- ington, N. C.

WILLIAM ANDERSON THOMPSON.

William Anderson Thompson, Democrat. Representative from Beaufort County, was born near Aurora. N. C. November 26, is?.".. Son of W. A. and Sallie Hamm Thompson. Educated at Beech Grove 1881-18Sr> Academy, ; Vance Academy, 1885-1891: X. B. Collegiate Institute; University of North Carolina: law course at University -of North Carolina. Lawyer and real estate agent. Secretary and treasurer Aurora Hardware Company; vice president Standard Lumber Company; director Bank of Aurora: special counsel Atlantic Coast Realty Company. Member of Aurora ('handier of Commerce; member Retail .Merchants' Association. Member Board of Commissioners. Beaufort County. 10OG-1908: Mayor Town of Aurora. 1908-1910. In terested in legislation affecting drainage and good roads. Fraternal

I'. orders: B. O. E. ; Master Masonic Lodge, 1907-1910; \lv<\ Men's

Lodge. Sachem since 1909. Methodist. Married. August ::. Isms. mj ss Sallie Carr. Four children. Address: Aurora. N. C.

WALTER RALEIGH JOHNSON.

Walter Raleigh Johnson, Democrat. Representative from Bertie County, was horn near Windsor, N. C, February 22, 1867. Son of Littleton and Sarah E. (Woodard) Johnson. Educated at Windsor Academy: Wake Forest Law School. Lawyer. Member State Bar Association. In revenue service under Hon. F. M. Simmons during Cleveland's administration; Coi issionei- Town of Windsor. Frn ternal orders: I. O. O. F., Pas! Grand, in Grand Rncampmeut, Grnud 276 Members of House or Representatives.

Sentinel and Grand Marshal; Royal Arch Mason. Methodist. Has delivered several public addresses on Odd Fellowship; made address at Stony Creek Masonic Picnic Association, 1908. Married Miss Georgie May Brown, June 27, 1895. Six children. Editor Windsor Ledger several years ; contributed articles for its columns for years afterwards. Address : Windsor, N. C.

EDWIN HUGH ANDERS. Edwin Hugh Anders, Democrat, Representative from Bladen County, was born in Bladen County, N. C, December 6, 1845. Son of Samuel and Jane (Costin) Anders. Educated in common schools. Farmer and surveyor. Justice of the peace; notary public; member County Board of Education. Interested in legislation affecting State primary laws, increased pensions for Confederate soldiers, working treasurer public roads by State convicts. Missionary Baptist ; church past five years. Married, October 30, 1S72, Miss Eunice Louise

Worth. Six children. Address : Kelly, N. C.

CHARLES EDWARD TAYLOR.

Charles Edward Taylor, Republican, Representative from Bruns- wick County, was born at Town Creek, Brunswick County, N. C, Sep- tember 15, 1S75. Son of Edward W. and Sarah E. (Mercer) Taylor. Institute Educated at Bladenboro High School ; Southport Collegiate ; University of North Carolina Law School, 1903-1904. Lawyer. Editor Southport News. Register of Deeds, Brunswick County. 1900- 1903. Representative in General Assembly from Brunswick County. 1905, 1007, 1909, 1911. Interested in legislation affecting public- roads, fish and fisheries, county government laws, education, trust law. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M., Past Master Pythagorean Councilor Fort Johnson Lodge. No. 240 ; Jr. O. U. A. M., present Council. No. 27. Methodist. Married, June 1, 1000, Miss Jessie M.

Stevens. Address : Southport, N. C. Members of House of Representatives. 277

ROBERT RANSOM WILLIAMS.

Robert Ransom Williams, Democrat, Representative from Bun- combe County, was born at Newton, N. C, April 21, L8S3. Son of F. M. and Fannie Ransom Williams. Educated at Catawba College, 1SS9-189S; University of North Carolina. A.B., L902. Won declama- tion medal, Dialectic Society; member and treasurer Alpha Theta Phi Honor Society; commencement orator, intercollegiate debater with University of Georgia and Johns Hopkins University; member Var- sity football team; managing editor Tar Heel. Studied law at Uni- versity of North Carolina. Lawyer. Member North Carolina Bar Association. Superintendent Public Instruction of Catawba County, 1904-1906. Fraternal orders: Knights of Pythias: Jr. (). I. A. M.: Past Chancellor Pisgah Lodge. No. 32. K. of P., July. 1910; chairman Board of Trustees and Past State Representative. Asheville Lodge, No. 6, Jr. O. U. A. M. Presbyterian. Alumni speaker of Dialectic Society at intersociety banquet, U. N. C, commencement, 1908; de" livered the address at reunion of old soldiers, Asheville. L909; States ville. 1900; Marion, 1910. Address: Asheville, N. C.

GALLATIN ROBERTS.

Gallatin Roberts, Democrat, Representative from Buncombe County, was born at Flat Creek, N. C, October 26, 1878. Sun of -I. R. and Mary Elizabeth Buekins Roberts. Educated at Weaverville College, 1S95-1896; Washington College, Tennessee, is-.iT: King Col- lege, Tennessee, 1S9S-1S99. Annual debater at King College, L898 1899. Wake Forest College, Law Department, 1902. Lawyer. County Attorney, Buncombe County, 1907-1908. Interested in legis lation for protection and encouragement of sheep-raising in Western North Carolina, good roads, "initiative and referendum," agricultural school for Western North Carolina. Fraternal orders: I. < '. O. I' since 1902. Presbyterian. Delivered Fourth of July oration at Mar Alt ha gon Hill, N. C, 1907. Married, January 19, 1907, Miss Mary Sawes. One child. Taught school six years before practicing law. Address: Asheville, X. C. 278 Members of House of Representatives.

JOSEPH F. SPAINHOUR.

Joseph F. Spainhoub, Democrat. Representative from Burke Counrv. Address: Morganton, N. C.

ALFRED ABRAHAM KENT. Alfred Abraham Kent, Democrat. Representative from Caldwell County, was born November 2. 1858. Son of Col. Abraham S. and Mary E. (Miller) Kent. Educated at Finley High School. 1874- 1877: Ph.P... University of North Carolina, 187b. Was Junior debater in Di. Society, 187S. M.D.. Jefferson Medical College. Philadelphia, L885. Physician; licensed pharmacist, farmer and manufacturer.

Member State Board Medical Examiners. 1903-1908; i (resident Board Health. of Examiners. 1907-1908 ; many years Superintendent of Caldwell Comity; several years president Caldwel County Medical Society; Councilor Ninth District State Medical Society, 1910-1911; member State Medical Society: Caldwell County Medical Society; Lenoir. N. C. president Citizens Building and Loan Association, ; chairman Bower Creek Drainage Committee, Caldwell County: largest stockholder and president Kent Furniture Manufacturing Company: president Kent-Coffey Manufacturing Company (furniture). Inter- ested in legislation affecting drainage of Lower Creek lands of Cald- well County, pure farm-seed law for North Carolina, good roads, better public health laws. Methodist; steward for several years. Has prepared and read many professional paper's before the North Carolina Medical Society. Married, in 1893, Miss Anne F. Wright. Five children. Address: Lenoir. N. C.

WILLIAM L. MORRIS.

William L. Mokris, Democrat. Representative from Cabarrus County. Address: Concord. N. C Members of House of Representatives. _'7'.i

DENNIS F. BARTLETT.

Dennis F. Bartlett, Democrat, Representative from Camden

County, was born at Shiloh, N. C. April •_'. isr.s. Sou of Henry A. and Bettie R, (Forbes) Bartlett. Educated at Shiloh, L876-1887.

l. < Farmer. Justice of the peace, 1900-1911. Fraternal orders : 0. >. F. (Vice Grand, 1900; Noble Grand, 1900; Fast Grand, L901; Re cording Secretary, 1901-1909; Representative to Grand Lodge, L904). • Baptist. Married, April 21, 1889, .Miss Pollie Jarvis Sears. Eighl

children. Address : Bartlett, N. C.

CHARLES SLOVER WALLACE.

Chables Sloveb Wallace. Democrat, of Carteret County, was born at Portsmouth. N. C, December 2, 1864. Son of Roberl and Sally Ann (Willis) Wallace. Manufacturer of ice and wholesale dealer in rish and oysters. President of ice company. Member and director of Chamber of Commerce (Morehead City). .Mayor of Morehead City, 1896-1908. Representative in General Assembly from Carterei County. 1901), 1911. Fraternal orders: Masons, Odd Fellows (Noble Grand), K. of P., N. H. Methodist. Superintendent of Sunday school and trustee, 1887-1909. Married. December L8, L890, Miss Nina G. Webb. Three children. Address: Morehead City, N. C.

WILLIAM OSMOND SMITH.

William Osmond Smith, Democrat. Representative from Caswell County, was born in Caswell County, February 11. 1875. Son of John B. and Annie (Long) Smith. Educated in public schools. 1S82 North Carolina A. and M. L899. 1888; Guilford College, 1S91 ; College, Farmer. Presbyterian; deacon, 11)02. Married. July 10, L907, Miss Josephine Smith Rainey. One child. Address: Milton. N. • '.. R.F.D. 1. 280 Members of House of Representatives.

GEORGE WASHINGTON RABB.

George Washington Rabb, Democrat, Representative from Ca- tawba County, was born in Catawba County, N. C, December 21, 1841. Son of Jobn and Rebecca Keener Rabb. Educated in public schools, 1S5G-1S61. Farmer and manufacturer. Was County Treas- urer for eight years in the eighties. In Confederate Army. 1861-1864. Lutheran, elder. Married, October 9, 1866, Miss Sarah A. Robinson. Address: Newton, N. C.

NAOMIL J. WILSON.

Naomil J. Wilson, Democrat, Representative from Chatham County, was born in Chatham County, N. C, August 20, 1S.73. Son of Andrew Jackson and Nancy M. (Farrar) Wilson. Educated at Olive Chapel, Bell's, and Eastern Academy. Farmer. County Com- missioner, 1907-1910. Interested in legislation affecting public roads, and providing for old soldiers and their widows. Fraternal order : A. F. and A. M. (Junior Warden. 1907-1909; Senior Warden. 1909- 1911). Methodist; steward. 1905-1910; Sunday-school teacher. 1900- 1910. Married. February 17. 1910, Miss Mary C. Lawrence. One child. Address: Beaumont, N. C.

J. H. DILLARD.

J. H. Dillard, Democrat, Representative from Cherokee County.

Address : Murphy, N. C. .

WILLIAM SCOTT PRIYOTT.

William Scott Privott, Democrat, of Chowan County, was born at Rocky Hock, Chowan County. Son of John M. and Susan C. (Bunch) Privott. Educated at Elm Grove Academy, 1S93-1S97; 1903. An- Edenton Academy, 1S97-1899 ; Wake Forest College, B.A., niversary orator; commencement speaker. Studied law at Wake Forest Law School. Lawyer. Representative in General Assembly from Chowan County, 1909, 1911. Interested in legislation affecting drainage and fish. Fraternal order: Member Unanimity Lodge, No.

7, A. F. and A. M., Junior Warden. Baptist. Delivered several ad- Members of House of Repbesentativi 28] dresses during prohibition campaign, 1908, in favor of te erance. Captain Co. I, Second Infantry, N. C. N. G., 1910. Married, Decem- ber 26, 1907, Miss Cora E. Marshbanks. Address: Edenton, N. C.

ROBERT L. 1 1 1] K I ', ERT.

Robert L. Herbert, Republican, Representative from ('lay Comity, was bom at Hayesville, N. C, in 1847. Son of Elijah and Winifred Alexander Herbert. Educated at Hayesville, N. ('.. and Hiawassee, Georgia. Farmer. In 1885. was promoted from foreman to superintendent construction, A. K. and N. R. R., which position he held for three years. State Senator from Thirty-fifth District in 1895. Mayor of Murphy, 1S91. Interested in legislation that will assist in building a good road from Murphy to Hayesville. Fraternal orders: Mason. K. of P. Methodist, steward. Married, in L881, .Miss Mary Louise Abbott. Has been railroad contractor for thirty years: was contractor for building courthouse at Murphy. Address: Hayes ville, N. C.

CHARLES J. WOODSON.

Charles J. Woodson, Democrat. Representative from Cleveland County, was born in Goochland County, Va.. July 21, 1849. Sun of s John and Charlotte Woodson. Educated at Webster's Academy, i 7:i. Engaged in life insurance. Baptist, minister. Married, November 20. 1888, Miss Frontis. Five children. Address: Shelby, N. C.

JAMES MATTHEW SHIPMAN.

James Matthew Shipman, Democrat. Representative from Colum- bus County, was born in Welches' Creek Township. October is. l-

Son of John Daniel and Ester .lane i Baldwin) Shipman. Educated in common schools. Farmer and surveyor. Justice of the peace, 1877-1890; County Commissioner (chairman). 1S91-1894; Representa l'.Hl S. Census enu tive in General Assembly, 1903, L905, ; U. rator, 1880 and 1900. Missionary Baptist; church clerk for several years: 282 Members of House of Representatives. now member executive committee, Cape Fear-Columbus Association, Married, first, May 14. 1873, Miss Katherine R. Smith (sixteen chil- Miss Ilia dren) ; June, 1897, Sm L. Lewis (two children). Was awarded lirst prize on vice for color and quality at World's Colum- bian Exposition at Chicago, L893; received medal, diploma, and prize of $5 for best ten ears of corn at Chadbourn, October 25, 1910. Ad- dress: Whiteville, N. C.

ROMULUS ARMISTEAD NUNN.

Romulus Armistead Nr.w. Democrat. Representative from Craven County, was horn in Jones County, N. C. June 22. 1876. Son of Henry S. and Nancy F. (Koonce) Niuin. Educated at New Bern Graded School. 1885-1890; New Bern High School. 1891; David- son College, 1894-1895; University of North Carolina. 1895-1897. Lawyer. Ten years chairman Board of Education. Craven County. Interested in legislation affecting education, good roads, State Sana- torium for Consumptives to be located in mountain section of North Carolina. Married, April 28, 1903, Miss Elizabeth Guion Nicholls. Address: New Bern, N. C.

ARCHIBALD D. McGILL.

Archibald I >. McGill, Democrat. Representative from Cumberland County, was born on the Island of Jura, Scotland. December, 1843. Son of Hugh and Sarah (McDougald) McGill. Educated in old-time country schools. Farmer. President Scottish Society of America. Representative to General Assembly three times; member State Ex- ecutive Committee; director of Soldiers' Home; member State Appo- mattox Committee. 1905; member Board of Education. Cumberland County. Interested in legislation affecting good roads, education, pensioning Confederate soldiers and their widows. One of the im- mortal Eight Thousand that surrendered with Lee. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M., I. (). O. F., K. of P. Presbyterian; ruling elder. Delivered addresses on several occasions, not published. Mar- ried Miss Emma Currie. Two children. Address: Fayetteville. N. C, No. ::. Members of House of Representatives. 283

CHARLES GRANDISON ROSE.

Charles Grandison Rose, Democrat. Representative fr Cumber- laud Comity, was born at Fayetteville, N. ('.. June 8, L880. Son of George M. and Augusta Jane (Steele) Rose. Educated in Fayel

1 ville Graded Schools; Fayetteville Military Academy, 1892-1897; I vidson College, 1897-1898; University of North Carolina, 1898 1900, A.B.. 1900. Won Worth prize in philosophy. University Law School, 1901-1902. Lawyer. Member North Carolina Bar Association. County Attorney. 1908-1910; secretary Democratic Executive Committee, 1902-1900; chairman County Democratic Executive Committee, 1906 1910. Interested in legislation affecting good roads. Fraternal or ders : Knights of Pythias (Past Chancellor); High Priest. Phoenix F. and A. Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; member Phcenix Lodge. A. M. ; member Palestine Commandery, K. T. ; member Fayetteville Lodge, No. 1081, B. P. O. E. Presbyterian; deacon since 1908: superintendent Sabbath school since 1905. Address: Fayetteville, N. C.

PIERCE HAMPTON.

Pierce Hampton. Democrat. Representative from Currituck, 1909, 1911. Address: Waterlily, N. C.

CHARLES II. SCARBOROUGH.

I Charles II. Scarborough, Democrat. Representative from Dare County, was born at Mann's Harbor. N. C, May 8, L882. Son of H. S. and Lois S. (Mann) Scarborough. Educated in public schools Sailor. Interested in legislation affecting fishing and oystering. Methodist: superintendent of Sunday-school since 1909. Married. May 10, 1910. Miss Peele. Address: Mann's Harbor, X. C

BENJAMIN W. PARHAM. Benjamin Wingate Parham, Democrat, of Davidson County, was and born November 4, 1883, at Oxford. N. C. Son of A. C. Parham Jeanette Hester Parham. Was educated at Horner's Military School, - sl Members of House of Representatives.

L898-1901; Wake Forest College, A.B., 1904. Was Senior speaker | Editor-in-Chief of the College Annual ; president of the Athletic As and sociation, chief marshal at the anniversary celebration, 1903 Studied law at the Harvard Law School, 1906-1908. Is a ineinbei of the State Democratic Executive Committee. Mason. Baptist

Address : Thomasville. N. ( '.

W. A. BAILEY. W. A. Bailey, Republican, Representative from Davie County. Ad dress : Advance, N. C.

RANSOM LEE CARR.

Ransom Lee Cabr, Democrat, Representative from Duplin County

was born < near Wallace. X. '.. September 3. 1878. Son of Gabrie Boney and Isabella Catherine Johnson Carr. Educated in publb schools, 18S5-1S94; Rockfish Academy, 1894-1897; taught school and farmed. Studied medicine at Davidson Medical College, 1903-1905 Virginia Medical College, 1905-1906 ; Baltimore Medical College, 1906 1907; M.D.. May 21, 1907. Physician. Delegate to State Medical So ciety, 1907; delegate to recent Drainage Convention at Wilmington since adjournment of this convention, appointed by President Browni member of committee of ten to try to get proposed drainage laws en acted by Legislature of 1911. Member Duplin County Medical So ciety ; State Medical Society ; North Carolina Drainage Association in Interested legislation concerning good roads, drainage laws a* proposed by Drainage Convention, increasing pensions of Confederal soldiers; appropriation for Soldiers' Home, care of insane, increase) appropriation for State Board of Health, agricultural schools, bette) service by railroads for truckers and shippers, legislation to enforc* more rigid observance of Sabbath. Fraternal orders: Woodmen o the World, Consul Commander Tuberose Camp. Magnolia, N. ('., 1909 1911 K. of ; P.. Chancellor Commander Magnolia Lodge, No. 210 Grand Representative Rose Hill Lodge to Grand Lodge, sessions a Raleigh. 1908. and Asheville. 1909; Representative Magnolia Lodg to Grand Lodge session at Charlotte. 1910. Presbyterian. Married April 25. 1006. Miss Victoria J. Patterson. Two children. Address Magnolia. N. C. Members of House of Representatives. 285

JULIAN SHAKESPEARE CARR.

Julian Shakespeare Caer, Democrat. Representative from Durham (County, was born at Chapel Hill, N. ('. Son of John Wesley and Eliza Pannell (Bullock) Can-. Educated In preparatory schools of Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; left University before graduation to enter Confederate States Army. Banker and farmer. President of Blackwell Durham Tobacco Company until retiremenl

from business; president First National Bank of Durham since its organization; president Durham Hosiery Mill, controlling five cotton mills; trustee University of North Carolina; president and trustee, Durham City Graded Schools. Delegate at large to .National Demo- cratic Convention five times. Major General commanding the United Confederate Veterans. Fraternal order: Mason (Worshipful Master, 1S79-1SS0, of Durham Masonic Lodge). Methodist. Super- intendent of Sunday-school Trinity Church eleven years: chairman Board of Trustees of Trinity Church twenty-five years: chairman Board of Stewards thirty years. Delivered many addresses at unveiling of Confederate monuments in North Carolina. Virginia, South Carolina, and Ohio. Married, February 17, 1863, Miss Nannie Gra- ham Parrish. Six children. Address: Durham. N. C.

1 1 MARK BENNETT PITT.

Mark Bennett Pitt, Democrat, of Edgecombe County, was born in Edgecombe County. N. C, September, 1838. Son of Joab P. and Elizabeth (Sheeley) Pitt. Educated at Dr. Alexander Wilson's School in Alamance County, 1857-1858, and at the University of

North Carolina, which he left, after two years, to enter the Confed- erate Army. Graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsyl- vania, I860. Farmer and physician. Representative in the General Assembly from Edgecombe County. 1905, 1907, 1909, 1911. Baptist. .Miss Married, first, Miss Cobb; then Miss Dupree, and third, Ander son. Five children. Address: Macclesfield, N. C. 286 Members of House of Representatives.

HUGH BLOUNT BRYAN.

Hugh Blount Bryan, Democrat, of Edgecombe County, was bord near Battleboro, N. C, April 11. 1870. Son of Blount and Elizabeth (Sherrod) Bryan. Educated at Horner's Military School (Oxford, N. C), 1887-1888; Bingham School, 1889-1890. Planter. Directol Planters' Bank of Rocky .Mount. Battleboro Oil Company. I'nder- writers Insurance Company of Rocky Mount. Justice of the peace in Edgecombe County. Representative in General Assembly, 1909, 1911. Fraternal order: B. P. O. E., 1038, Rocky Mount. Address: Battleboro, N. C.

FRANK PIERCE ALSPAUGH.

ITeank Pierce Alspaugh, Democrat, Representative from Forsyth County, was horn at Winston. N. C, June 21, 1855. Sou of Samuel and Elizabeth 'league Alspaugh. Educated at public schools. Farmer. Deputy Collector Internal Revenue, Fifth District of North Carolina, 1893-1890; Sheriff of Forsyth County, 1900-1906. Interested in legislation school of lowlands, affecting system, drainage good roads, I and better game laws. Fraternal order: K. of P. Methodist. Mar- ried. December 17. 1884, Miss Adelia Wax. Nine children. Address: Winston, N. C.

PLEASANT II. STIMPSON.

Pleasant II. Stimpson, Republican, Representative from Forsyth was horn at East Bend. County, Yadkin County, N. C. January , 1856. Son of J. B. and Mary W. (Poindexter) Stimpson.' Educated at East Bend and River View schools. lS73-187b\ Farmer. Manage! Laborers Exchange; chairman Farmers' Union. Interested in legislation affecting good roads, local self-government, drainage law. prof tection to health of persons living near graveyards, a better election law. Christian Church: secretary and treasurer. 1!)00-191<>. Married, in 3887. Miss Rosie V. Pfaff. Four children. Address: Pfafftown, N. C. Members of House of Representatives. -_>7

ROBERT P. FLOYD.

Kobebt P. Floyd, Democrat of Franklin County, was born in Gran- ville County, N. C, August 31, 1854. Son of James B. ami Susan (White) Floyd. Educated in common schools am! at the Dniversitj

of North Carolina. 1869-1870. < Graduated at Charleston is. '. i Medi- cal College. 187S. Physician. President .Medical Society of Franklin County. Member State Medical Society. Coroner. Member Board of Health of Franklin County. Member of Farmers' Union. Honor ary member Junior Order. Representative in General Assembly from Franklin County. 1000. 1011. Interested in legislation affecting good roads. Methodist. Married, January 13. 1880. Miss Eugenia Cham- blee. Seven children. Address: Louisburg, X. < '.

NOAH BENJAMIN KENDRICK.

Noah Benjamin Kendrigk, Democrat, of Gaston County, was born

in Cleveland County. X. C. November •_»•_'. 1869. Son of Larkin S. and Mary Catherine (Putnam) Kendrick. Educated in common ehools. Merchant, farmer, cotton dealer, lumberman, and manufacturer of brick. Organizer and director of Gaston Manufacturing Company. Director Piedmont Telegraph and Telephone Company. General manager of Kendrick Mercantile Company. Director and trustee of Boiling Springs High School. Commissioner of Town of Cherryville. X. C. Trustee Cherryville Graded School. Represents! five in General Assembly from Gaston Comity. 1000. 1911. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M.. K. of P. of Baptist ; superintendent Sunday- school. Married. February 18. 1801, Miss Margaret J. Manney. Nine children. Address: Cberrvville. X". C.

ABLE CEPHAS STROUP.

Able Cephas Stroup, Democrat. Representative from Gaston

County, was born in Gaston County, X. < '.. .lime 16 L8G2. Son of Cephas and Josephine Hanks Stroup. Educated in old field schools. Farmer. Demonstration agenl for Gaston County since 1907, -Ins 288 Members of House of Representatives. tice of the peace 14 years; member Board of Assessors 3 years. Delegate to National Farmers' Congress. County secretary and treasurer Farmers' Union. On County Executive Committee 14 years. Interested in legislation affecting good roads, larger pensions for old soldiers, dog tax for Gaston County, and a new interest law in which parties contracting may name rate of interest. Fraternal orders : Woodman of the World, banker, 1910. Lutheran ; elder since 1907; secretary and treasurer for 10 years prior to 1907. Has delivered addresses at farmers' picnics on various occasions. Mar- ried, 18S3, Miss Mary Mendenhall. Seven children. Address: Gas- tonia, N. C.

LYCURGUS HOFLER.

Lycuegus Hoflee, Democrat, of Gates County, was born in Gates County, N. C, January 14, 1S5S. Son of John W. and Sallie A. (Vann) Hofler. Educated in public schools. Insurance, surety bonds and undertakings. Assistant cashier and director of Bank of Gates (Gatesville, N. C). Register of Deeds of Gates County. 1S90- 1906. Representative in General Assembly from Gates County, 1909J 1911. Interested in legislation affecting public roads and a better system of taxation. Baptist. Has been clerk, and is now moderator of the Chowan Association. Married. February 20, 1S86. Miss Sallie A. Hunter. Address: Gatesville, X. C.

J. C. EDWARDS.

J. C. Edwards, Republican. Representative from Graham County) was born at Cheoah, N. C, in 1867. Son of Rev. Joshua C. and Rebecca Murray Edwards. Educated in Baptist school at Cold Springs. Swain County; common schools of Graham County. Mer- chant and miller. Postmaster at Japan 11 years, up to November S, 1910; member Board of Education of Graham County 6 years. In- terested in .legislation affecting election law. Fraternal order: Mason. Baptist. Married, in 1895, Miss Lura Williams. Seven children. Address : Japan, N. C.

> of Members House of Representativi s. 288

WILLIAM AUGUSTUS DEVIN.

William Augustus Devix, Democrat, Representative from Gran- ville County, was born in Granville County, July 1U. 1871. Son of Robert J. and Mary Transon Devin. Educated at Horner Military Scbool. 1883-1886; Wake Forest College, 1886-1889. Vice presidenl Literary Society; marshal; member baseball and football teams: K. A. Greek Letter Fraternity. University Law School, 1892-1893. Ghimghoul Society. Lawyer. Member Granville Commercial Club; member Board of Governors. Member Board Graded School Trus tees, Oxford. 1901; Mayor of Oxford. 1903-1909; member Board Town Commissioners. 1909-1910; chairman County Democratic Executive Committee, 1910; chairman County Board Elections. 1906-1908. Inter- ested in legislation affecting good roads, taxation, and pensions. Cap tain Company E, Third Infantry. N. C. N. G., 1901-1906. Fraternal order: I. O. O. F„ 1900. Baptist; member finance committee since 1900; member missionary committee, 1910. Delivered number of addresses on Laymen's Missionary Movement during 1910; Essay on Battle of Guilford Courthouse. Married. November 29, 1899, .Miss Virginia Bernard. One child. Address: Oxford, N. ('.

VERRANOWS R. SMITH.

Verranows R. Smith. Democrat. Representative from Greene County, was born at Clayton, N. C, August 27, 1856. Son of Joseph M. and Julia A. (Ingram) Smith. Educated at Clayton. L868 1872; private schools of Greene County. Farmer. Fraternal order: Ma- son; treasurer. 1910. Missionary Baptist; deacon twelve years; treasurer two years. Married, October 14, 1884, Miss Sadie I.. Lynch.

Three children. Address: Snow Hill. X. ('.

THOMAS RUFFIN DILLARD.

Thomas Ruffin Dillard, Democrat. Representative from Guil- ford County, was born at Leaksville. X. ('., December •_'. 1858. Son of John II. and Annie Martin Dillard. Educated in private and public

1!) _':in Members of House of Representatives.

schools in Greensboro until 1874; Bingham's School, Mebane, Farmer. Justice of the peace, Guilford County, 1908, 1910. Inter- ested in legislation affecting drainage for Guilford County. Fraternal order: Jr. O. U. A. M, Lodge No. 174; Farmers' Union. Methodist; Sunday-school superintendent six years; recording steward for the Miss Summerfield charge for six years. Married, February, 1898, F. D. Mary Brannock. Five children. Address : Summerfield, N. C, R.

J. E. KIRKMAN. Guilford J. E. Kirkman, Democrat, Representative from County. Address: High Point. N. C.

WALTER THOMAS CLEMENT. Walter Thomas Clement, Democrat, Representative from Hali- 18G6. Son of fax County, was born in Granville County November 3, Thomas. Educated Capt. Thomas D. and Mary Elizabeth (Bullock) at Horner Military School. Dealer in leaf tobacco. Mayor of Scot- of 1903-1911. Member Halifax land Neck, 1900-1901 ; Mayor Enfield, County Democratic Executive Committee; chairman Enfield Precinct. railroads Interested in legislation affecting good roads, pensions, rank of (mileage books). Inspector Small Arms Practice, with cap- A. M. tain. Fraternal orders: I. O. O. F. (Past Grand) : A. F. and ; Miss W. O. W. Presbyterian (deacon). Married. June 29. 1904, C. Elizabeth II. Wbitaker. Two children. Address: Enfield, N.

A. H. GREEN.

A. H. Greex, Democrat, Representative from Halifax. Elected the death of P. N. January 10, 1911, to fill the vacancy caused by

: N. C. Stainback, who died without taking his seat. Address Weldon. Members of House of Representatives. 291

CHARLES ROSS.

Charles Ross, Democrat, Representative from Harnett County, was born in Randolph Comity, N. C, March 10, 1878, Son of R. R. and Ellen McCullock Ross. Educated in Ashboro High Scln.nl; Uni- versity of North Carolina. Was in intercollegiate debate with Van- derbilt University. Studied law at Columbian University, Washing- ton, D. C. Farmer and lumber manufacturer. Representative from Randolph County in 1901; private secretary to Hon. It. X. Page, 1903-1905. Fraternal order: K. of P., Past Chancellor. Methodist; delegate to two annual Conferences, and to General Conference, L904. Has delivered addresses on educational and moral topics before local gatherings. Married Miss Frances Reid McKay. Three children.

Address : Lillington, N. C.

JOHN HERBERT MEASE.

John Herbert Mease, Democrat, Representative from Haywood

County, was born at Canton, N. C, August 2G, 1874. Son of Dr. .1.

M. Mease. Educated at Weaverville College, N. C. ; Vanderbilt Uni versify, Tenn., M.D., May 3, 1893. Doctor and surgeon. Coroner Hay- wood County, 1898-1904; member County Hoard of Health; Mayor of Canton. N. ('. Member of Haywood County Medical Society and State Medical Society. Fraternal orders: Pigeon River Lodge. A. 1'. Asheville B. P. O. E. Methodist. .Mar- and A. M. ; Lodge, No. 608, ried, March 14, 1S9r>, Miss Hester L. Southey. Four children. Ad- dress : Canton, N. < '.

HAMILTON GLOVER EWART.

Hamilton Glover Ewart, Republican. Representative from Hen derson County, was born at Columbia, S. ('., October 24, L850. Son of James B. and Mary Ann McMahon Ewart. Educated at Columbia High School, 1SG9-1S70; South Carolina University, 1870; South of Carolina University, B.L. Lawyer. Mayor Hendersonville ; Reg istrar in Bankruptcy, appointed by Chief Justice Waite. Represenl ative in General Assembly 1887. 1S95, 1911; members Fifty-seventh Congress, 1888-1889; elected by Legislature Judge Criminal Court, 292 Members of House of Representatives.

"Western District; elected Judge Western Criminal District Court by people, 1S97; appointed Judge United States District Court, "Western District of North Carolina, by President McKinley, 1898; commissioned twice as Judge by President McKinley; nomination sent to

Senate three times by President. Address : Hendersonville, N. C.

WILLIAM PATRICK TAYLOR. William Patrick Taylor, Democrat, Representative from Hert- ford County, was born in Hertford County, March 10, 184.3. Son of Hillary and Nancy K. (Norvell) Taylor. Educated in old-field school. Lumber manufacturer. Served as Alderman and Mayor of "Winton seven years, and declined further honors. Representative in General of Internal Revenue under Hon. Assembly of 1893 ; Deputy Collector tbree F. M. Simmons, 1894-1895. Served in Confederate Army years ; was honorably discharged at close of war. Held first lieutenant's commission, Sixty-eightb Regiment, N. C. Troops. Volunteered July, North Carolina 1861 ; served in Company G, Thirty-first Regiment Volunteers commissioned in Regiment. Company D. ; Sixty-eighth Baptist; has been deacon. Married. February 15, 1806. Miss Sallie

M. Mitchell. Four children. Address : Winton, N. C.

JOHN W. McWILLIAMS. John W. McWilliams, Democrat, of Hyde County, was born at Ocracoke, N. C March 10. 1869. Son of John S. and Eliza (Farrow) McWilliams. Educated at tbe public and private schools of Ocra- coke, 1876-1885. Merchant. Commissioner of "Wrecks for Hyde County since 1905. Nominated Clerk of Superior Court of Hyde County in from 1906, but declined to serve. Representative in General Assembly Hyde County, 1909, 1911. Fraternal orders: Masons, I. O. O. F., five Treasurer since 1904. Methodist. served as Noble Grand terms ; Married, in 1889. Miss Elizabeth Williams. Tbree children. Ad-

dress : Ocracoke, N. C. Members of House of Representatives. 293

NOTLEY D. TOMLIN. Notley D. Tomlin, Democrat, Representative fr Iredell County, was born in that county. Sou of A. C. Tomlin. his mother being Miss Alexander, of Statesville. Educated at Davis School. Hardware merchant and farmer. Interested in legislation affecting good roads. and looking to repeal of homestead law. Fraternal order: Mason. Methodist. Married. November, 1896, .Miss Susan Steele. Address: Statesville. N. C.

ZEBULON VANCE TURLINGTON.

Zebulon Vance Turlington. Democrat, of Iredell County, was born in Johnston County. N. C, January 8. 1877. Son of Eli and Sarah (Woodall) Turlington. Educated at Benson Academy (Ben- son, N. C.) : Turlington Institute (Smithfield, N. C), 1893-1896; Uni- versity Law School, 1898-1899. Lawyer. Director of Mooresville Loan and Trust Company, 1906-1911. Attorney of Mooresville Build- ing and Loan Association, 1903-1911. Treasurer of Town of Moores- ville, 1901-1904. Town Attorney of Mooresville. 1901-1905, 1909-1911. Representative in General Assembly from Iredell County, 1905, 1907, 1909, 1911. Fraternal order: Knights of Pythias, Chancellor Com- mander and District Deputy Grand Chancellor. Presbyterian; super-

elder. I >e- intendent Sunday-school. 1900-1911 ; elected 1908. Married, cember 23. 1902. Miss Mary Howard Rankin. Two children. Ad- dress: Mooresville. N. C.

FRANK HAMILTON BROWN.

Frank Hamilton Brown, Democrat. Representative from Jackson County, was born at Cullowhee, N. C, February 23, 1883. Son of Robert Hamilton and Anna Eliza (Bryson) Brown. Educated in Cullowhee High School (now Cullowhee Normal and Industrial School), 1888-1898; North Carolina A. and M. College, B. Agr.. 1908. Honors in scholarship for four years; valedictorian of Class 1908; scientific editor college magazine. Red anil White; president Biologl cal Society; secretary of Biographical Society. First lieutenanl C pany C. Teacher and fanner. Director Jackson County Fair Asso- ciation. Interested in legislation tending to build and broaden 294 Members of House of Representatives.

State's charitable and educational institutions; to promote building of good roads; to conserve our natural resources, develop industry and thrift; to equalize taxation. Fraternal order: A. F. and A. M., now Junior Warden East Laporte Lodge, No. 358, A. F. and A. M.

Methodist ; superintendent Cullowhee Sunday-school. Married, Feb- ruary 23, 1900. Miss Hattie S. Norton. One child. Address: Cul- lowhee, N. C.

LINVILLE H. ALLRED.

Linville H. Allred, Democrat, Representative from Johnston County, was born at Charlotte, N. C. June 14. 1876. Son of Rev. B. C. and Sallie J. (Rives) Allred. Educated at Holly Springs High

School. 1890-1890 ; Trinity College ; Wake Forest Law School ; licensed by Supreme Court, 1903. Lawyer. Member of North Carolina Bar Association ; Mayor of Youngsville about four years ; Superintendent of In- Youngsville High School ; at present Town Attorney Selma. terested in legislation affecting good roads, ampler educational facilities, and especially legislation tending to confer more dignity on justices' courts. Fraternal orders: Odd Fellow (Past Grand at pres- Jr. O. of all in ent) ; U. A. M., Smithfield, N. C. ; recipient degrees as York Rite Masonry, from Master Mason to Shrine ; has served Master of Blue Lodge, now High Priest of Royal Arch Chapter, at

Selma ; for past three years District Deputy Grand Master, Twelfth Masonic District, North Carolina. Married, December 23, 1908. Miss Myrtle May. One child. Address: Selma, N. C.

ASHLEY HORNE.

Ashley Horne, Democrat. Representative from Johnston County.

Address : Clayton, N. C.

JACKSON K. DIXON.

Jackson K. Dixon, Democrat, Representative from Jones County, was born at Tuckahoe, N. C, January 27, 1878. Son of F. M. and Trenton Susan E. Dixon. Educated in public schools in township ; Members of House of Representatives. 295

High School two years. Merchant and farmer. Mayor of Trenton; Register of Deeds, Jones County. Fraternal orders: Mason; Wood- man of the World (has been clerk in Woodmen Camp, Trenton, N. C). Member Christian Church, and clerk in same. Married, Janu- ary 13, 1902, Miss Mamie B. Gerock. Three children. Address: Trenton, N. C.

EMMET R. WOOTEX.

Emmett R. "Wooten, Democrat, of Lenoir County, was born at

Fort Barnwell. Craven County, N. C, November 2, 1878. Son of John C. and Mary (Cobb) Wooten. Educated at private school in Kinston, Wake Forest College, University of North Carolina. Studied law under Judge A. C. Avery and at University Law School. Ad- mitted to the Bar, 1900. Lawyer. Member North Carolina Bar Association. Attorney for the city of Kinston, 1904, 1905, 1906. County Attorney, 1903-1904. Trustee of University of North Caro- lina; member of special committee appointed by Governor to visit and report to Governor and board of trustees on affairs and condition of University. Representative in General Assembly from Le noir County, 1909. 1911. Fraternal orders: Kappa Alpha (college fraternity), Odd Fellows, Camp of Odd Fellows, Junior Order United American Mechanics. Married, April 20, 1904. Miss Nannie Cox. Two children. Address: Kinston, N. C.

A. L. QUICKEL. A. L. Quickel, Democrat. Representative from Lincoln County.

Address : Lincolnton. N. C.

J. FRANK RAY.

J. Frank Ray. Democrat. Representative from Macon County, was born in Macon County, N. C, in 1856. So : John and Nancy (Sumner) Ray. Educated in free schools of the county and at FrankTin Academy. Lawyer. Representative in General Assembly 296 Members of House of Representatives.

L881, L883, 1900, 1901, 1903, 1907, 1911 ; State Senator 1807. Trustee of N. ('. A. and M. College many years. Baptist in principle. Poet. Married, in 1889, Miss Josephine Fonts. Five children. Address: Franklin, N. C.

JACOB COLEMAN RAMSEY. Jacob Coleman Ramsey, Republican, Representative from Madison was born at County, Walnut. Madison County, N. C, August 11. 1879. Son of Jacob M. and Catherine L. Smith Ramsey. Educated, at Bell Institute; Weaverville College; Cumberland University, LL.B.. and Wake Forest. 1907. Lawyer. Mayor of Marshall. 1901; County Madison Attorney. County. 1907-1911. In service during the Spanish- American War. Fraternal orders: K. of I'.: Chancellor Com- mander. 1907. Methodist. Address: Marshall. N. C.

HARRY W. STFBBS. Harry W. Stcbbs. Democrat. Representative from Martin County. Address: Williamston, N. C.

THOMAS WILBURN WILSON.

Thomas Wilburn Wilson, Democrat, Representative from Mc- Dowell County, was born near Marion. X. C. Son of Thomas B. and M. Emily (Crawford) Wilson. Educated at public schools of county and schools of county-seat. Farmer. Acting secretary and treasurer of Western Furniture Company, Marion. X. C. 1904-1907. Register of Deeds for McDowell County. 1898-1904; Alderman of Town of Marion: Alderman for village of Glenwood for two years, being appointed by last General Assembly. Interested in legislation concerning agriculture. Southern Methodist: now steward and Sunday- school superintendent. Married. December 10, 1000, Miss Gertrude Rebecca Tate. Five children. Address: Nealsville, N. C. Members of House of Represi vi stives. 297

w. g. Mclaughlin.

W. G. McLaughlin, Democrat, Representative from Mecklenburg County, 1909. 1911. Address: Charlotte. N. C.

WILLIAM A. GRIER.

William A. Grier. Democrat. Representative from Mecklenburg Coimty, was born in Mecklenburg County. X. (\. November -1. 1850. Son of T. P. and G. (Strong) Grier. Educated in common schools of Mecklenburg County. Farmer. Representative in General Assem- bly from Mecklenburg County. 1907, 1909, 1911. Presbyterian; elder; superintendent of Sunday-school. Married. November 8, 1N77. Miss Belle Crawford. Five children. Lived in Gaston County. 1877-1892. Fleeted by Prohibition Association of Gaston County to push Mil through Legislature of 1891 prohibiting sale of liquor in said county, and succeeded in getting the bill passed. Address: Charlotte, X. •'.. R. F. D. 3.

HENRY T. NORMAN.

Henry T. Norman. Republican, Representative from Mitchell County, was born in Yadkin County. N. C, March 22. 1850. Son of John and Nancy R. (Appleton) Norman. Farmer. Fraternal order: March 10. I. O. O. F.. March .°>. 1892. Methodist, 1X7C>. Married, 1872, Miss Elizabeth Ilutchens. Six children. Address: Elk Park, N. C.

JOHN LANE STUART.

John Lane Stuart, Democrat. Representative from Montgomery County, was born at Harper's Cross Roads. Chatham County, N. C A. Xall Smart. Educated at April 5, 1S42. Son of J. and Mary Star one term: Shiloh. MoffittS Mill. N. ('.. 1866-1867. Mayor of Fraternal orders secretary and treasurer for a number of times. A. F. and A. M. (served as W. M. several times: now secretary -".is Members of House of Representatives.

Star No. I. Lodge, 437) ; secretary Star Lodge, O. O. F., No. 196; K. of R. and S., Star Lodge, No. 115, K. of P. Married, August 16, 1868, Miss Elmira Leach. Seven children. Died January S, 1911, while serving in the General Assembly.

WILLIAM HAMILTON McNEILL.

William Hamilton McNeill, Democrat, Representative from Moore County, was born in Moore County, N. C, October 8, 1869. Son of Alexander and Julia (Rowan) McNeill. Educated in common

schools ; Cameron High School ; Wake Forest College two years ; A. B., University of North Carolina, 1887. First marshal, commencement of 1883 ; received Greek medal same year. Law School of Uni- versity of North Carolina. Lawyer and editor. In 1898 he bought the Carthage Blade, which he has owned and edited since. Seven years County Superintendent of Schools, Moore County. Taught school in Bladen, Vance. Moore, and Yadkin counties. Mayor of ten in Carthage, years ; Representative General Assembly from Moore and Lee counties. 1911. Interested in legislation affecting good, roads. Fraternal order : K. of P. Presbyterian. Married Miss

Elnora Spottswood Burwell. Two children. Address : Carthage, N. C.

JOHN LEE CORNWELL.

John Lee Cornwell. Democrat. Representative from Nash County, was born near Shelby, N. C, September 4. 1872. Son of Amos H. and S. Clementine (Gillespie) Cornwell. Educated at county free schools; Wake Forest College, 1891-1895. A.B.. 1895. President Eu- zelian Literary Society ; assistant editor Wake Forest Student. Bookkeeper. Commissioner of Town of Spring Hope, 1909-1911. In- terested in legislation affecting roads of Nash County, salaried officers for the county, and uniform freight rates. Fraternal orders :

Mason (Junior and Senior Warden. 1908, 1909, and 1910) ; Odd Fel- low all (has gone through chairs) ; Junior (treasurer, chaplain) ; Modern Woodman of America (charter member). Baptist. Married, October. 1897, Miss Annie Lylian Griffin. Five children. Address: Spring Hope. N. C. Members of House of Representatives. 299

WOODUS KELLUM. Woodus Kellum, Democrat, Representative from New Banover born County, was at Kelhun, N. C, January 1G, 1878. Sun of W. l

and Nancy (Humphrey) Kellum. Educated at Trenton High Scl 1. Lawyer. Married. October 26, 1904. Miss Christian Home. Two

children. Address : Wilmington. N. C.

BENJAMIN STANCELL GAY.

Benjajiin S. Gay, Democrat, of Northampton County, was born near Jackson, N. C, December 13, 1856. Son of Jeremiah and Adelia Frances (Stancell) Gay. Educated at Jackson Male Academy; Rich- mond College, 1876. Studied law under Judge George V. Strong, Raleigh, 187S-1879. Lawyer and farmer. Mayor of Jackson, 1886 1890. Solicitor of County Court, 1882-1886. Elected Justice of County Court, 1886. Representative in General Assembly from Northamp- ton County, 1903. 1911. State Senator from Third District, 1909. Baptist. Married, November 15, 188S, Miss Annie E. Odom. Ten

children. Address : Jackson. N. C.

ELIJAH M. KOONCE. Elijah M. Koonce, Democrat, of Onslow County, was born in Ons- low County, N. C. October 9, 1857. Son of James and Harriet I Da- vis) Koonce. Educated in common schools and Richlands lliudi School; University of North Carolina Law School, 1898. Teacher, 1881-1897. County Superintendent of Onslow. 1882. Member Cen tral Committee of State Democratic Executive Committee, chairman Democratic County Executive Committee. Elected delegate to National Convention at Denver, Colorado, by Democratic Congres sional Convention held at Goldsboro, N. C, June 23, 1908. Repre sentative from Onslow County in General Assembly, L905, 1907, 1909, 1911. Interested in legislation affecting education and in reforming, restricting, and unifying insurance laws. Fraternal orders: Masons (several times Master in Lafayette Lodge, No. 83; steward of the 300 Members of House of Representatives.

Grand Lodge; now serving as District Deputy Grand Master of Grand for the Fifth District) of Lodge ; Knights Pythias (Past Chancellor of Knights of Pythias, and served as Grand Representative in Grand Lodge for past two years). Disciples Church. Married. May 14, 1903, Mrs. Dora Warlick. One child. Address: Jacksonville. N. C.

JOHN THOMAS JOHNSTON.

John Thomas Johnston. Democrat. Representative from Orange

County, was horn near Chapel Hill. November 6, 1SS7. Son of Charles W. and Agnes Hughes Johnston. Educated at Bingham School (Mebane), 1901-1902; Cedar Grove Academy, 1902-1903; Bing- ham School (Mebane). 1903-1904; University of North Carolina. Class of 1909; vice president of class in Junior year: member Y. M. C. A., three years: member Y. M. C. A. Cabinet, two years; twice delegate to Y. M. C. A. Conference at Swannanoa and Black Moun- Debat- tain ; member Dialectic Society, four years; member Varsity ing Team. Junior year (which won over University of Virginia in Richmond in the spring of that year); member Debaters' Union: president Society. Senior year; president Orange County Club; member class football team, two years; captain class football team, one year; member scrub football team: member class baseball team: member gymnasium team; member Golden Fleece (honorary society). Member Odd Number Literary Club; elected by Dialectic Society editor Yackety Yack; contributor to University Magazine for three years. Interested in legislation looking to the betterment of highways, game laws, and in State educational institutions. Very active in forming the Good Roads Association in Orange County. Address: Chapel Hill. N. C. R. F. D. 2.

ZEBULON VANCE RAVVLS. Zebulon Vance Rawi.s. Democrat. Representative from Pamlico County, was born at Arapahoe. N. C, November 7. 1S7G. Son of Alfred D. and Lotha (Caton) Rawls. Educated at Pamlico Academy, Members of House of Representatives. 301

1898-1899; University Law School. Lawyer. Justice of the peace, 1898-1900; Register of Deeds. Pamlico County. 1900 1908. [nterested in legislation concerning regulation of fish and oyster law, redistricl the State Judicial and ing Congressional districts. Member of I i ciples Church. Married. July 20, 1908, Miss Maggie Swan Rawls. Address: Bayboro, N. C.

THOMAS JARVIS MARKIIAM.

Thomas Jarvis Markham. Democrat. Representative from Pas quotank County, was horn at Elizabeth City, N. C. November 8, 1882. Son of Thomas C. and Olivia J. (Brett) Markham. Educated at Tilletfs Select School; Wake Forest. 1905, LL.B. Wake Forest Law School. Lawyer. Attorney for Merchants' Association; Cleric United States Circuit and District Courts: member Chamber of Commerce; secretary Democratic Executive Committee of Pasquotank County.

Fraternal orders: I. O. O. F. ; Jr. O. U. A. M. Methodist; secretary Board of Stewards; superintendent Sunday-school for two years. Address: Elizabeth City, N. C.

W. W. ALDERMAN.

W. W. Alderman, Democrat. Representative from Pender County. Address: Willard. N. C.

L. BYRON TERRY.

L. Byron Perry, Democrat. Representative from Perquimans of Alexis County, was horn at Durant's Neck, Augusl _'. 1869. Son A. and Carolina P. (White) Perry. Educated at Charlotte Graded School and Durant's Neck Free School. Engaged in sawmilling and cotton ginning, real estate dealer. County Commissioner for last eight years; on County Board of Education for six years prior t.>

that. Interested in legislation affecting good roads. Methodist :

I.. chil- steward. Married. March •_'. 1898, Miss Sallie Morgan. Four dren. Address: Durant's Neck. N. C. 302 Members of House of Representatives.

WILLIAM ALGERNON WARREN.

William Algernon Warren, Democrat, Representative from Per- son County, was born at Prospect Hill, Caswell County. Son of Frank L. and Mary A. Wells Warren. Farmer. County Commis- on Board of Education. 1901-1902 member House sioner, 1889-1S90; ; of Representatives from Person County, 1903 and 1911. Interested in legislation concerning good roads and education. Primitive Bap- tist; moderator. Married, first, Lula C. Hester; and second, Hulda

A. Hester. Six children. Address : Gordonton, N. C.

JOHN T. THORNE.

John T. Thorne, Democrat, Representative from Pitt County, was born in Greene County. N. C. June 22, 1S73. Son of Josepb and Henrietta (Moore) Thorne. Educated in public schools till 1890;

Farmville High School, 1S91-1893 ; University of North Carolina, 18951897. Farmer and dealer in fertilizers. Mayor of Farmville,

1909-1910 ; notary public for past eight years. Interested in legislation affecting prohibition and land-title system (Torrens). Meth- odist : ; trustee, steward, Sunday-school superintendent. Address Farmville, N. C.

G. M. MORING.

G. M. Moring, Democrat, Representative from Pitt County. Ad- dress : Stokes, N. C, R.F.D.

J. B. LIVINGSTON.

J. B. Livingston, Democrat, Representative from Polk County.

Address : Tryon, N. C.

HAMPTON BRIDGES CARTER.

Hampton Bridges Carter, Democrat, Representative from Ran- dolph County, was born in Chatham County, N. C, January 30, 1S53. Son of Samuel Jackson and Frances Ann (Bridges) Carter. Edu- Members of House of Representatives. 303 eated in common schools. Engaged in mercantile business; manufacturer and farmer. President of Ramseur Furniture Company since 1905; president of Crescent Furniture Company since L906; assistant cashier Bank of Ramseur since 1908, and director in same since iis establishment. Mayor Town of Ramseur. 190G-19O7. Fraternal order: Mason. Methodist, chairman Board of Stewards. Married, Decem- ber 23, 1S75, Miss Maggie M. Marley. Address: Ramseur. X. C.

ORLANDO It. COX.

Orlando R. Cox, Democrat, Representative from Randolph County, was born at Cox's Mills, August 26, 1S44. Son of Micajah and .Ma- tilda Johnson Cox. Educated at common schools and free schools, and at Shiloh Academy. Manufacturer of hosiery. Secretary and treasurer Cedar Falls Manufacturing Company for twenty years. of Member Randolph Club. Sheriff of Randolph County, l^TC :

County Commissioner, 1S92-1S96 ; on finance committee and justice of the peace several years. Fraternal order: Master Mason. Method- ist chairman of of ; Board Trustees Methodist Protestant Publishing House, Greensboro, N. C. Married, first, July 12, 1868, .Miss Joseph- ine Brooks; second, August 12. 1891, Miss Sarah C. Whitley. Eight children. Address : Ashboro, N. C.

WALTER SHELTON THOMAS.

Walter Shelton Thomas. Democrat, Representative from Rich- mond County, was born near Ellerbe, Richmond County, January I. 1S75. Son of William J. and Mary J. (Carrington) Thomas. Edu- Ellerbe cated in public and private schools, 1881-1S93 ; Springs High School, 1S93-1S97; Oak Ridge Institute, 1898-1900. Won debater's medal at Ellerbe Springs High School and declaimer's medal at Oak Ridge Institute. University of North Carolina. 1908. Lawyer. Chairman Richmond County Democratic Convention. 1908-1911. Register of Deeds, Richmond County. L900-1906; County Attorney, 1908-1910. Interested in legislation affecting good roads, taxation, ;30 I Members of House of Representatives. schools, liquor traffic, primaries, creation of new county. Fraternal orders: K. of P., Royal Arcanum, I. O. O. F., Jr. O. U. A. M. Meth- odist. Married, December 23. 1008. Miss Ledonia Downer. Address: Rockingham, N. C.

WILBUR ASHLEY McPHAUL.

Wilbur Ashley McPhaul, Democrat. Representative from Robe- son County, was born at Fair Bluff, N. C. August 14, 1ST9. Son of Dr. Timothy D. and Annie Elizabeth (Ashley) McPhaul. Educated at Ashpole Institute, 1888-1897; University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, one term: Medical Department University of Nashville, M.D.. 1904. Physician and surgeon; druggist. Superintendent of Health, Robeson Comity. 1909-1910: president Pope Drug Company, 1909-1910; surgeon Kingsdale Lumber Company. 1906-1910. Member

Robeson County Medical Society ; North Carolina Medical Society ;

Lumberton Medical Society. Fraternal orders : Mason ; W. O. W. Methodist. Married. July 11. 1906, Miss Clara Brown Grantham. Two children. Address: Lumberton. N. ('.

JOHN OLIVER McARTHUR.

John Oliver McAbthur, Democrat. Representative from Robeson County, was born in Robeson County. N. C, February 5, 1871. Son of John S. and Francis Oliver McArthur. Educated at Plain View High School. 1890-1893: University of North Carolina. 1S94-1895. Farmer. Interested in legislation concerning drainage, public highways. State schools. Torrens system of land registration, lien law. Methodist. Married. February 21, 1900. Miss Estelle Helen Smith. Two children. Address: Rowland. N. C.

J. THOMAS WALL.

J. Thomas Wall, Democrat, Representative from Rockingham County, was born near Madison. N. 0.. in 1845. Son of Joshua G. and Carolina F. (Heggie) Wall. Educated at Beulah Male Insti- Members of House of Representatives.

tute. Farmer. Interested in legislation affecting reform in criminal law, the increase of free-school term to six months, increased for old the increase pensions soldiers, and protection of sheep raising in North Carolina, State aid to public roads when counties issue

bonds for same. Private First < Company "F," Regiment N. '. Troops. Baptist, deacon twenty years. Married, April. L879, .Miss Sadie A. Adkins. Ten children. Address: Stoneville, N. ('.. R.F.D.

WILLIAM IRWIN WITTY.

William Irwin Witty, Democrat, Representative from Rocking

ham County, was born in Rockingham County, June 8, 1853. Sou of Ezekiel and Martha J. (Williams) Witty. Educated at public Hillsdale schools, School, 1S67-1873 ; Yadkin College, 1874-1875. Farmer and surveyor. County surveyor, 1SS4 and L886; County Commissioner, 1S95-1896 and 1905-1906; justice of the peace. L881- 1911. Representative in General Assembly from Rockingham, 1909- 1911. Baptist. Married, in 1890, Miss Carrie Cumniings. Ten chil-

dren. Address : Summerfield, N. C, R.F.D.

WALTER D. PETHEL.

Walter D. Pethel, Democrat, Representative from Rowan County, was born in Cabarrus County, N. C, December 4, 1SG7. Son of J. V. and Mary E. (Walter) Pethel. Educated at Enochville Academy, 1S80-18S1. Insurance business. Member Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers since 1901; financial secretary of lodge, 1903-190S. Justice of the peace, 1903-1910. Interested in legislation affecting a collection 'eli- law, revision of present tax system, road law, dog law, higher i sions for old soldiers and provision for higher grades in country schools. Fraternal orders: A. F. and A. M. (including higher de-

I' . : No. : [.O.O. grees) ; W. M. of Spencer Lodge, 543, L904-1908) Jr. O. U. A. M. trustee since L906. .Married. March 15, | Lutheran, 1SS9, Miss Hattie E. Cook. Was employed as locomotive engineer between Salisbury and Asheville on Southern Railwaj prior to 1903.

Address : Spencer, N. C.

20 306 Members of House of Represent.vi i\ is.

ROBERT DANIEL COLEMAN. Robert Daniel Coleman, Democrat, Representative from Rowan County, was horn at Kelly's Ford, Fauquier County, Virginia, March 16, 1SS1. Son of Granville R. and S. Alice (Wine) Coleman. Edu- cated in public and private schools in Virginia, and Washington, D. C. Superintendent of mines. Mayor of Gold Hill, N. C, 1904-19O<;. Interested in legislation concerning good roads, State aid aud supervision in building roads; better educational facilities; better care of Confederate veterans. Fraternal orders: Mason (Blue Lodge and

Jr. M. I. O. O. F. been three chairs Chapter) ; O. U. A. ; (has through of subordinate lodge). Married, July IS, 1005, Miss Ella Morris. Two children. Address: Gold Hill, N. C.

HENRY CRAIG RICHARDSON.

Henry Craig Richardson, Democrat, Representative from Ruther- ford County, was born at Marshville, N. C, in 1881. Son of James A. and L. E. (Bivens) Richardson. Educated at Marshville Acad- emy, graduating there in 1902; at Dr. Stallings' Grammar School; Wake Forest College. Taught for several years. Admitted to Bar February Term, 1908. Lawyer. City Attorney Forest City from 1908 till present. Interested in legislation affecting g 1 roads, betterment of common school system of State. Fraternal orders: K. of P.; Jr. O. U. A. M., Chancellor Commander of K. of P. at present. Methodist. Address: Forest City, N. C.

JAMES T. KENNEDY.

James T. Kennedy', Republican, of Sampson County, was horn in Duplin County. N. C, July 24, 1853. Son of Levi T. and Jane (Wil- son) Kennedy. Educated in public and private high schools of Samp- son County. Farmer. Representative in General Assembly from Sampson County, 1909, 1911. Interested in legislation affecting education. Baptist; church clerk. Married Miss Lavinie M. Williams.

Eight children. Address : Moltonville. N. C. Members of House of Representatives. 307

BUCK HILLARY CRUMPLER.

Buck Hillary Crumpler, Republican, Representative from Samp- son County, was born in Sampson County, June 20, L883. Son of A. C. and Mattie L. (Tatum) Crumpler. Educated a1 Salemburg High School; Beulah High School: Wake Foresl College, LL.B., L905. Lawyer. Representative in General Assembly of 1909, L911. Baptist. Married. December 24. 1905, Miss Eva Butler. Two children. Ad dress : Clinton, 2s. C.

WALTER HERBERT WEATHERSPOON.

Walter Herbert Weatherspoon, Democrat, Representative fr Scotland Comity, was born in Durham County, N. C, February 7. 1884. Son of William II. and Cynthia Anne Weatherspoon. Edu- cated at Cary High School. 1901-190.'): Wake Forest College, A.B., 1907. Member Glee Club four years; president Y. M. ('. A., 1906; anniversary debater. 1906; Wake Forest-Mercer University debater, 1906; commencement orator, 1907. Lawyer. Recorder of Town of Laurinburg," 1909-1910. Fraternal order: K. of 1*. (presenl Chan- cellor Commander Scotland Lodge. No. '2~). Baptist. Married. July 28. 1909, Miss Maude Lee. Obtained law license. 1906. Address: Laurinburg. X. C.

RICHARD LANE BROWN.

Richard Lane Brown, Democrat. Representative from Stanly County, was born at Albemarle. X. ('.. October 1. 1887. Son of -l Milton and Mattie (Anderson) Brown. Educated in Albemarle graded schools; Trinity Park School: Welsh Neck Military School. 1908. Fra Hartsville, S. C. ; Wake Forest College, B.L., Lawyer. ternal orders: Woodman of the World: Knights of Pythias. Lu theran. Married, in 1909, Miss Lila M. Ashnry. One child. Was page in General Assembly. 1899; clerk to Senate Finance Committee, 1900. Address: Albemarle, N. C. 308 Members of House of Representatives.

JAMES MASTIN FAGG.

James Mastin Fagg, Republican, of Stokes County, was born in

Stokes County, April i), 1S67. Son of William F. and Mary A. (Mabe) Fagg. Educated at Oak Ridge Institute, 1888-1889; North Carolina A. and M. College. Farmer and teacher. Justice of the peace, 1892- 1898. Representative in General Assembly from Stokes County, 1009, 1911. Baptist. Married, in 1834, Miss Martini A. Flinchem. Three children. Address : Redshoals, N. C.

SAMUEL E. MARSHALL.

Samuel E. Marshall, Republican, Representative from Surry County, was born at Wbite Plains, N. C. Son of J. M. and Christina Sparger Marshall. Educated at Boonville, N. C. Wagon and buggy manufacturer. State Senator, 1S95, 1901, 1903. Presidential elector, 1890. Interested in legislation affecting improvement of school, election and road law. Member of Friends' Church; present elder; was

Clerk Yadkin Valley Quarterly Meetings for years ; also, Clerk of

Surry Quarterly Meeting. Five children. Address : Mount Airy. N. C.

OLIVER P. WILLIAMS.

Oliver P. Williams, Republican, Representative from Swain County, was born in Monroe County, Tennessee, April 24, 1S59. Son of William and Amanda Johnson Williams. Educated at Maryville Normal and Preparatory School (Tennessee), 1880-1884. Has been Clerk Superior Court of Swain County for past six years. Post- master at Yellow Creek, N. C, 1895-1S9S ; Clerk of Graham County, 1S90-1S92; member County Board Education, Graham County. 1S96- 1898; Representative from Graham County in General Assembly of 1909. Fraternal orders: K. of P. (Chancellor Commander. Deputy ('. M., Prelate, Deputy Grand Chancellor). Baptist; minister of the Gospel for many years. Superintendent Bryson City Sunday-school, now teacher in Sunday-school. Married, September 29, 1SS7, Miss Artie Grant. Five children. Taught school for about fifteen years, mostly free schools. Elected to the General Assembly from Swain County in 1911 without opposition. Address: Bryson City, N. C. Members of House of Representatives. 309

MARK MAJETTE.

Mark Majette, Democrat, of Tyrrell County, was born at Como, Hertford County. N. C, September 19. 1865. Sun of William Jethro and O. V. J. (Barnes) Majette. Educated at Buckhorn Academy N. (Como, C). University of North Carolina. Studied law at I ni versify of North Carolina. Lawyer. Chairman Democratic Execu- tive Committee Tyrrell County, 1892-1894. Mayor of Columbia, 1888 1900, 1905-1907. Representative in General Assembly in L909 and 1911. Fraternal orders: Masons, Jr. O. U. A. M. Baptist. Married, July. 1S96. Mrs. Bettie S. Picot (Hcc Jordan). Address: Columbia, N. C.

JOHN CUTHBERT SIKES.

John Cuthbert Sikes, Democrat, Representative from Union County, was born in Union County, N. C, August 31, 1880. Son of John Cuthbertson and Jane Austin Sikes. Educated in The Wingate School, Wingate. N. C, 1S96-1S98 (first student to enter that institution) : Wake Forest College. 1902, and post-graduate. 190.1. A.B. ami

LL.B. debater ; Senior commencement Anniversary speaker ; orator; won debater's medal, 1899; manager athletics, 1902-1903. Lawyer. Baptist; trustee The Wingate School (the first student to become a trustee). Delivered oration at laying the corner-stone of the Con- federate monument. Monroe, N. C, June 10. 1910. Married. June 20, 1906, Miss Maggie Harwood Crowell. Two children. Address: M< roe. N. C.

R. V. HOUSTON.

R. V. Houston, Democrat. Representative from Union County. \>i dress : Monroe. N. C.

THOMAS TAYLOR.

Thomas Taylor, Democrat, Representative from Name County. was born near Stovall, Granville County, N. < '.. May 10, 1848. Sou of William L. and Sallie M. Gregory Taylor. Educated under private 310 Members of House of Representatives.. tutors; Trinity College, A.M., 187"). Civil engineer. Seven years member Board of County Commissioners; six years member County Board of Education. Representative in General Assembly, 1905, 1907, 1911. Methodist, steward since 1869. Address: Townsville, N. C.

RICHARD HENRY RATTLE.

Richard Henry Rattle. Democrat, Representative from Wake County, was born at Louisburg, N. C, December 3, 1835. Sou of William Horn and Lucy Martin (Plummer) Battle. Educated at .Mrs. Eliza Taylor's School. Raleigh, 1S42-1S43; preparatory schools at Chapel Hill, 1843-1850: University, of North Carolina. 1850-1854; A.B., June. 1854; A.M., 1856; LL.B., 1858. One of "first honor" men during whole course. Read law with Hon. W. H. Battle. Professor of Law in University of North Carolina. 1854-1857. Lawyer. Presi- dent North Carolina Home Insurance Company. LL.D., University of North Carolina, 1895. Of counsel for State during administration of Governor Scales; appeared in several important cases for the State and the Department of Agriculture in Supreme Court of United States; now counsel for Citizens National Bank of Raleigh, the Ra- leigh Cotton Mills, and other corporations. Member North Carolina Bar Association; appointed Judge of Superior Court by Governor Scales, but declined the appointment. Whig before War of 1861-'65 ; Democrat ever since. Was chairman of Democratic State Commit- tee. 1884-1888: private secretary to Governor Vance, 1862-1864; State Auditor, 1864-1865; Tutor of Mathematics and Greek In University of North Carolina. 1854-1858; trustee of University. 1879-1910; Sec- retary and Treasurer Board of Trustees of University since 1891 ; Alderman of City of Raleigh one year. 1880. Interested in legislation affecting good schools, liberal appropriations for public institutions, good roads, improvement in administration of criminal laws of the State, commission form of city government. Was first lieutenant Company I. Forty-third Regiment, N. C. Troops, and appointed quartermaster of regiment in 1862, with rank of captain. Member of State N. C. of of Club, Raleigh, Episcopalian ; vestryman Chapel the Cross. Chapel Hill. 1855-1858; of Calvary Church. Wadesboro, Members of House of Representatives. :;il

1801-1862; of Christ Church, Raleigh, 1863-1874; Senior Warden, Church of the Good Shepherd, Raleigh, since 1874 : Deputy to General Convention of Episcopal Church, 1889-1910, inclusive. Delivered morial address on Rev. Charles Phillips. li.L>.. University commence ment, June, 1890: address at unveiling bronze stain. of Zebulon B. Vance in Capitol Square, Raleigh, 1900; address at laying of corner- stone of new Rex Hospital, November, L908; and other shorl addresses. Also wrote sketches for Ashe's "Biographical History of North Carolina." on William Gaston, Zebulon B. Vance, Samuel F.

Phillips. George W. Thompson, and others. Married. November 28, Miss 1860, Annie Puffin Ashe. Ten children, only four living. Presi- dent of Rex Hospital since 187."); president Raleigh Cemetery Ass,, ciation for the past twenty years; president Olivia Raney Library since it was chartered in 1899. Address: Raleigh, N. C.

EDWARD ROBERT PACK.

Howard Robert Pack. Democrat. Representative from Wake County. was born at Raleigh. August 26, 1872. Son of and Isabella Domarous Pace. Educated in public schools. Machinist, Seaboard Air Line Railway. President District Lodge, No. 16, [nternational Association of Machinists, S. A. L. Ry. System: chairman Executive Board Federation Railway Employees, Seaboard System. March 8, 1909. Capital City Lodge. No. 109, Raleigh, N. C, [nternational As sociation of Machinists; treasurer five years, secretary three yens. Interested in legislation affecting child labor, inspection of machinery and factories, protection of employees as members of labor organiza- tions. Fraternal order: 1894, Capital City Council, No. 1. Jr. » ». I'. A. M. Presbyterian. Married. February 2:\. 1893. Miss Ludie Pleas ants. Three children. Address: Raleigh, N. C.

J. T. jn>i>.

J. T. Judd, Democrat. Representative from Wake County. Vd dress : New Hill. N. C. 312 Members of House of Representatives.

T. O. RODWELL. T. O. Rodwell, Democrat, of Warren County, was born in Warren County, N. C, February 17, 1870. Son Of William Brown and Mary D. (Egerton) Rodwell. Educated at Macon High School. Studied law at Wake Forest Law School, 1900. Lawyer. Mayor of Littleton, N. C. 1903. Representative in General Assembly. 1907, 1909, 1911. Interested in legislation affecting education and temperance. Meth- odist. Address: Warrenton. X. C.

ARTHUR W. SWAIX.

Arthur W. Swain, Democrat, Representative from Washington County, was born October 14, 1876, at Plymouth, X. C. Son of Rufus and Martha J. Swain. Educated in free schools. Implement dealer. Town Councilman of Plymouth at present; magistrate of Washing- ton County six years. Interested in legislation concerning good roads and better public schools. Fraternal order: Knights of Pythias full 190S. Member of the (master at arms) ; member December, since 1905. October 7. Church of Christ (Disciples) ; deacon Married, 1902, Miss Emma Bell Hall. Two children. Address: Plymouth. X. C.

SMITH HAGEMAX. Smith Hageman, Democrat, of Watauga County, was born in Wa- tauga County. X. C. May 6, 1S6S. Son of Hugh and Elizabeth (Wil- son) Hageman. Educated at Cove Creek Academy, 1889. Farmer and merchant. Representative in General Assembly from Watauga County, 1909. 1911. Baptist; Clerk of Association for past twelve years. Married, in 1892. Miss Blanche Sherrill. Four children. Ad- dress: Vilas. X. C. R. F. D. 1.

JOHX M. MITCHELL. John M. Mitchell, Democrat, of Wayne County, was born in Wayne County, Xovember 10, 1869. Son of Edmond and Amanda (Woodard) Mitchell. Educated at Fremont Military Institute (Fre- Members of House of Representatives. 313 niont, N. C.). Farmer. Representative in General Assembly from Wayne County, 1909 and 1911. Fraternal order: Jr. O. I\ A. M.

Methodist; steward; trustee; parsonage trustee ; also steward of New Bern District Conference. President Wayne County Sunday-school Association. Married, July 7. 1S97. Miss Minnie (). Kas<. Addi Goldsboro, N. C.

JAMES EDGAR KELLY. James Edgar Kelly, Democrat. Representative from Wayne County, was born at Clinton, N. C, April 8, 18G7. Son of Isaac James and Eliza (Williamson) Kelly. Educated in Burgaw High School, 1877-1881. Banker and farmer. President Citizens Bank <" Mount Olive. Alderman of Mount Olive, 190S-1909. .Mayor of Mounl Olive, 1909-1911. Representative in General Assembly from Wayne County, 1909, 1911. Presbyterian; elected a ruling elder in 1900. Address: Mount Olive. N. C.

HERMAN C. CAVINESS. Herman C. Caviness, Republican, Representative from Wilkes County, was born in Richmond County. N. C, January 23, 1SST. Son of Dr. J. W. and M. E. (Cuminings) Caviness. Educated at Car- thage Academic Institute and High School, 1893-1900; Guilford < Jol- lege; University of North Carolina, LL.B., 190S. Lawyer. County Attorney for Wilkes County, 1908-1910. Interested in legislation affecting free school text-books, new election law, change of dale Cor

State elections, and other matters. Fraternal order : Mason. Meth odist, secretary to Board of Stewards, 1909-1910; assistant Sunday school superintendent, 1909-1911; also, teacher in Methodist Sunday school. Has delivered numerous addresses a1 close of county schools and before teachers of Wilkes County: also, at public mass-meetings and one at Sunday-school Chatauqua. Married, June, 1904, M Gladys E. Benbow. Three children. Address: Wilkesboro, V C. 314 Members of House of Representatives.

ABNEB CAUDILL.

Abneb Caiiiili.. Republican, of Wilkes County, was born at Roar- ing River, X. C, August 11, 1879. Son of Abner and Nancy (Absher) Caudill. Educated in schools in North Wilkesboro, 1900-1901. Mer- chant and manufacturer. Representative in General Assembly from Wilkes County, 1909, 1911. Baptist; clerk from L902 to 1906. Mar- ried. December 2.". 1006, .Miss Fannie Matilda Woodruff. Address: Hays. X. C.

C FORGE WHITFIELD CONNOR.

George Whitfield Connor, Democrat, of Wilson County, was born in Wilson, N. C, October 24. 1872. Son of H. G. and Kate (Whitfield) Connor. Educated at Wilson Graded Schools; University of North Carolina, A.B.. 1S92. Editor of University Magazine; won representatives' medal. 1891, and debaters' medal. 1S92. Lawyer. Sigma Alpha Epsilon (college fraternity). Chairman Board of Education of Wilson County. 1905-1908. Representative in the General Assem- bly from Wilson County. 1000. 1011. Fraternal order: Knights of Pythias. Married Miss Bessie Hadley. Four children, two living.

Address : Wilson. N. < '.

WADE REAVIS.

Wade Reavis, Republican, Representative from Yadkin County. was born at Hamptonville, N. C. December 20. 1876. Son of Charles S. and Esther L. (Segraves) Reavis. Educated at East Bend High School: Yadkinville Normal School; Wake Forest College. B.A.. 189S: Georgetown University. B.L.. 1002. Lawyer. Superintendent of Edu- cation. Yadkin County. 1S0Q-1000. Interested in legislation tending to advance education, free school books, relief from double taxation, in interest of labor, especially in mines, also few local laws affecting Yadkin County. Fraternal order: A. F. and A. M., Hickory Lodge. No. 512. Address: Hamptonville, N. C. Members of House oe Representatives. 315

DAVID M. BUCK.

David M. Buck, Democrat. Representative from Yancey County, was born at Lee's Mills, Va., October 8, L878. Son of E. C. and Gilla in of Milli- A. (Lee) Buck. Educated public schools Abingdon, Va. ; an College (Tennessee). 1893-1894. Fanner. Representative in < eral Assembly from Yancey County in 1909, 1911. Fraternal orders:

Masonic. Royal Lodge (three times Master of Lodge) ; Royal Arch (twice High Priest of Chapter); Knights Templar, Mystic Shrine; K. of P.: I. O. O. F. Member of Christian Church. Married. Novem

Iter G, 1901. Miss Pearl Ramsey. Four children. Address: Bald Mountain. N. C.