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Populist, Radical and Extremist Political Parties in Visegrad Countries Vis Ŕ Vis the Migration Crisis. in the Name of the Peop

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Populist, Radical and Extremist Political Parties in Visegrad Countries Vis Ŕ Vis the Migration Crisis. in the Name of the Peop Journal xyz 2017; 1 (2): 122–135 Open Political Science, 2018; 1: 32–45 The First Decade (1964-1972) Research Article Open Access Research Article Věra Stojarová* Max Musterman, Paul Placeholder What Is So Different About Populist, Radical and Extremist Political Neuroenhancement? Was ist so anders am Neuroenhancement? Parties in Visegrad countries vis à vis the migration crisis. In theJournal name xyz 2017; 1 (2): 122–135of the people Pharmacological and Mental Self-transformation in Ethic 1 Comparison and the nation in Central Europe Pharmakologische und mentale Selbstveränderung im The First Decade (1964-1972) ethischen Vergleich Research Article https://doi.org/10.1515/xyz-2017-0010 https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0001 received February 9, 2013; accepted March 25, 2013; published online July 12, 2014 Max Musterman,received January 11, Paul 2018; Placeholderaccepted June 7, 2018. Abstract: In the concept of the aesthetic formation of knowledge and its as soon WhatAbstract: Is So The paperDifferent looks at the About political party scene in Visegrad countries before and after the influx of as possible and success-oriented application, insights and profits without the refugees and compares how much the negative reactions were instrumentalised not only by the extremist reference to the arguments developed around 1900. The main investigation also Neuroenhancement?and radical right parties but by the newly emerged populist formations as well as the well-established includes the period between the entry into force and the presentation in its current mainstream parties across the whole political spectra. Until the “migration crisis”, the far right parties version. Their function as part of the literary portrayal and narrative technique. Was ist so anders am Neuroenhancement? focused mainly on Roma issue, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, anti-establishment and used anti-NATO, Keywords: Function, transmission, investigation, principal, period anti-EU, anti-German, anti-Czech, anti-Slovak or anti-Hungarian card. Since 2015, the parties re-oriented Pharmacologicalagainst immigrants, and moreMental precisely Self-transformation against the Muslims in presenting Ethic them as a threat and also increased Dedicated to Paul Placeholder Comparisontheir criticism on the EU. However, the mainstream parties also accepted far right topics and actively Pharmakologischepromoted them. The und result mentale is then Selbstveränderungmainstreaming of xenophobia, im nationalism and marginalization of far ethischenright parties Vergleich as their flexible voters move to the populist subjects. 1 Studies and Investigations Visegrad countries; populism; extremism; radicalism; media; migration crisis. The main investigation also includes the period between the entry into force and https://doi.org/10.1515/xyz-2017-0010Keywords: received February 9, 2013; accepted March 25, 2013; published online July 12, 2014 the presentation in its current version. Their function as part of the literary por- trayal and narrative technique. Abstract: In the concept of the aesthetic formation of knowledge and its as soon as possibleIntroduction and success-oriented application, insights and profits without the *Max Musterman: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning reference to the arguments developed around 1900. The main investigation also Road Keelung 20224, Taiwan (R.O.C), e-mail: [email protected] includesThe the so periodcalled betweenEuropean the refugee entry intocrisis force started and somewhere the presentation around in its2015 current and since then, the European Union Paul Placeholder: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning version.is strugglingTheir function to cope as part with of the the crisis, literary launching portrayal plans and tonarrative fight the technique. migrant smuggling, proposing quotas for Road Keelung 20224, Taiwan (R.O.C), e-mail: [email protected] relocation of asylum seekers among the EU members and increasing funding for patrolling the Schengen Keywords: Function, transmission, investigation, principal, period Open Access. © 2017 Mustermann and Placeholder, published by De Gruyter. This work is borders. The refugee crisis revealed a gap between the old member states believing in solidarity and the licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. new member states suddenly refusing to share the burden. The politicians in Visegrad countries used the Dedicated to Paul Placeholder opportunity of crisis and added to their already well established populism a new component – nationalism. Out of the Visegrad countries, Hungary had the second highest proportion of the asylum requests and the highest proportion of asylum applications to its population in the peak of the crisis in 2015, despite sealing 1 Studiesthe borders and with InvestigationsCroatia, followed by Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia on the tail. The number of The main investigation also includes the period between the entry into force and the presentation1 The paper wasin its presented current at version. the conference Their “Us function vs. Them: as Populism, part of thethe Refugeeliterary Other por- and the Re-Consideration of National Identity in Central and Eastern Europe” in May 2017 in Budapest organised by the Project “Flight, Migration and Integration trayal and narrative technique. in Europe” of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) and the Center for European Neighborhood Studies of the Central European University and also sponsored by the specific research project: ‘Current Issues in Political Science III’, undertaken at the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University. *Max Musterman: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road Keelung 20224, Taiwan (R.O.C), e-mail: [email protected] Paul Placeholder:*Corresponding Institute author: of Marine Věra Stojarová, Biology, National Masaryk Taiwan University, Ocean Brno, University, Czech Republic,2 Pei-Ning E-mail: [email protected] Road Keelung 20224, Taiwan (R.O.C), e-mail: [email protected] Journal xyz 2017; 1 (2): 122–135 Open Access. Open © Access. 2017 Mustermann © 2018 Věra and Stojarová, Placeholder, published published by by De De Gruyter.Gruyter. This work work is is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- licensedNonCommercial-NoDerivatives under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. 4.0 License. The First Decade (1964-1972) Research Article Max Musterman, Paul Placeholder What Is So Different About Neuroenhancement? Was ist so anders am Neuroenhancement? Pharmacological and Mental Self-transformation in Ethic Comparison Pharmakologische und mentale Selbstveränderung im ethischen Vergleich https://doi.org/10.1515/xyz-2017-0010 received February 9, 2013; accepted March 25, 2013; published online July 12, 2014 Abstract: In the concept of the aesthetic formation of knowledge and its as soon as possible and success-oriented application, insights and profits without the reference to the arguments developed around 1900. The main investigation also includes the period between the entry into force and the presentation in its current version. Their function as part of the literary portrayal and narrative technique. Keywords: Function, transmission, investigation, principal, period Dedicated to Paul Placeholder 1 Studies and Investigations The main investigation also includes the period between the entry into force and the presentation in its current version. Their function as part of the literary por- trayal and narrative technique. *Max Musterman: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road Keelung 20224, Taiwan (R.O.C), e-mail: [email protected] Paul Placeholder: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road Keelung 20224, Taiwan (R.O.C), e-mail: [email protected] Open Access. © 2017 Mustermann and Placeholder, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. Populist, Radical and Extremist Political Parties in Visegrad countries... 33 final positive decisions on application are far below the EU average in all of the countries. The Visegrad states serve mainly as the transit countries using the readmission agreements and the Dublin regulation. Their representatives stand firmly against quotas and claim that the quotas cannot function due to the absence of legal instruments and the fact, that once refugees apply for the asylum, they cannot be put into detention centers, use the freedom of movement in the Schengen area and move to their final destination – Germany or Sweden. The aim of the paper is to look at the political party scene in Visegrad countries before and after the influx of refugees and compare how much the negative reactions were instrumentalised not only by the extremist and radical right parties but by the newly emerged populist formations as well as the well-established mainstream parties across the whole political spectra. How has the communicative repertoire of extremist and radical right parties evolved as their mainstream counterparts have attempted to reposition themselves? How has the communicative repertoire of all the parties across the political spectrum changed? The ambition here is thus to track the communication patterns of extremist and radical right parties, populist formations and lonely wolves within the mainstream parties as well
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