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19680005421.Pdf ORBITING EXPERIMENT FOR STUDY OF EXTENDED WEIGHTLESSNESS Volume 111 1 SPACECRAFT PRELIMINARY DESlGN Prepared under Contract No. NAS1-6971 by NORTHROP SYSTEMS LABORATORIES Hawthorne, California for Langley Research Center NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION December 1967 NASA CR-66509 (NSL 67-300) ORBITING EXPERIMENT FOR STUDY OF EXTENDED WEIGHTLESSNESS Volume 111 SPACECRAFT PRELIM1 NARY DESIGN Distribution of this report is provided in the interest of information exchange. Responsibility for the contents resides in the author or organization that prepared it. Prepared under Contract No. NAS1-6971 by NORTHROP SYSTEMS LABORATORIES Hawthorne, California for Langley Research Center NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION December 1967 ABSTRACT This document constitutes a portion of the final report under contract NAS 1-6971, Orbiting Experiment for study of Extended Weightlessness, for the Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia. The following 6 documents comprise the total report: NASA CR-66507 Volume I Summary NASA CR-66508 Volume 11 System Definitfon NASA CR-66509 Volume I11 Spacecraft Preliminary Design NASA CR-66510 Volume IV Laboratory Test Model NASA CR-66511 Volume V Program Plans NASA CR-66512 Volume VI Orbiting Primate Spacecraft Applications This report summarizes the results of a definition study of a spacecraft system to support two primates in unattended, weightless, earth-orbital flight for extended periods of time. The experiment is planned as part of the Apollo Applications Program; the spacecraft launched as a LEM substitute on an AAP flight; the primates recovered by Astronaut EVA on a later flight and returned to earth in retrieval canisters within the Command Module. Intensive post- flight examination is planned to ascertain even subtle physiological changes in the primates due to their extended exposure to weightlessness. The study includes definition of mission profile and Apollo Applications Program inter- faces, preliminary design of the spacecraft, and planning for subsequent phases of the program. VOL 111 iii CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................. 1 REQUIREMENTS ............................. 3 DESCRIPTION ............................. 3 Orbiting Primate Spacecraft Configuration ............. 3 External configuration .................... 3 Internal configuration .................... 7 Subsystem Summary ........................ 8 . Life support ......................... 9 Thermal control subsystem .................. 9 Structures and mechanical subsystem ............. 9 Instrumentation subsystem .................. 9 Telemetry subsystem ..................... 9 Command and control subsystem ................ 9 Electric power and cabling subsystem ............. 9 Attitude control subsystem .................. 9 Subsystem Interrelationships ................... 9 WeightSummary .......................... 23 SUBSYSTEMS .............................. 23 Life Support ........................... 23 Lifecell ..................... .. .... 24 Feeder ............................ 30 Waterer ........................... 34 Behavioral panel ....................... 39 Environmental control and waste management .......... 41 Recovery capsule ....................... 55 Thermal Control ......................... 64 Thermal control requirements ................. 64 Thermal control description and performance ......... 64 Advance development areas .................. 71 Preliminary equipment list .................. 71 Structure and Mechanical ..................... 71 Structure and mechanical subsystem requirements ....... 73 Structure and mechanical subsystem .............. 83 Preliminary equipment list .................. 112 Instrumentation ......................... 118 Instrumentation requirements ................. 118 Instrumentation description and performance ......... 125 Advance development areas .................. 168 Preliminary equipment list .................. 169 Telemetry ............................ 172 Telemetry requirements and constraints ............ 173 Telemetry subsystem functional description and performance ........................ 173 Command and Control ....................... 205 Command and control requirements and constraints ....... 205 Command and control system functional description and performance ...................... 208 Advance development areas .................. 223 VOL 111 V Page Electrical Power and Cabling ................... 225 Electrical power and cabling subsystem requirements ..... 225 Electrical power and cabling subsystem functional description and performance ................ 227 Attitude Control ......................... 242 Attitude control subsystem requirements ........... 244 Attitude control subsystem description and performance .... 244 Attitude control system performance ............. 251 APPENDIX A . PRIMATE SPACECRAFT BASIC DIMENSIONS ........... 271 APPENDIX B . REACTION EQUATIONS ................... 278 APPENDIX C . ORBIT TRANSFER LOADS .................. 280 APPENDIX D . TRANSDUCER COMPARISON ANALYSIS ............. 290 vi VOL 111 ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1 Spacecraft configuration in stowed position .......... 4 2 Spacecraft configuration in deployed position ......... 5 3 Master end item specification breakdown ............ 6 4 Spacecraft system block diagram ................ 10 5 Life support subsystem block diagram ............. 25 6 Life cell ........................... 27 7 Feeder ............................ 32 8 Waterer ............................ 36 9 Primate water supply diagram ................. 37 10 Behavioral panel ....................... 40 11 Environmental control system baseline concepts ........ 43 12 Baseline atmospheric loop arrangement ............. 45 13 Lithium hydroxide weight variation .............. 48 14 Spacecraft environmental control system and waste management system block diagram ............... 53 15 Recovery capsule ....................... 56 16 Recovery capsule ECS block diagram .............. 58 17 Recovery capsule door closure approach ............ 63 18 Thermal control subsystem block diagram ............ 65 19 Baseline active thermal control subsystem ............ 66 20 Thermal control subsystem performance ............. 67 21 Selected active thermal control subsystem ........... 69 22 Example applications of primate structure ........... 74 23 Launchenvelope ........................ 76 24 In-orbit geometry ....................... 77 25 Spacecraft concept ...................... 78 26 Structure concept ....................... 79 27 Structure subsystem ...................... 80 28 Primate spacecraft design point installation on ATM rack using LEN ascent stage attach points ............ 84 29 Primate spacecraft to ATM attach point geometry ........ 85 30 Attach point reactions .................... 86 31 Transposition docking loads .................. 87 32 Preseparation pressure loads ................. 89 33 General arrangement drawing .................. 90 34 Exploded view of structure subsystem ............. 94 35 Penetration probability relationship ............. 96 36 Effect of pressure and factor of safety on primate structure weight ...................... 100 37 Base assembly ......................... 102 38 Pressure shell assembly .................... 104 39 Pressure shell main seal ................... 106 40 Separation and deployment mechanism .............. 108 41 Docking mechanism ....................... 109 42 Drogue assembly ........................ 110 43 Solar panel deployment mechanism ............... 111 44 EGG wave form ......................... 121 45 Instrumentation subsystem ................... 126 vii VOL 111 Page 46 Signal conditioner module configuration ............ 140 47 Signal conditioner functional block diagram .......... 141 48 Video wave form diagram .................... 143 49 Video line spacing ...................... 145 50 Video camera outline dimensions ................ 146 51 TV time line ......................... 147 52 TV mechanization block diagram ................ 148 53 Life cell configuration .................... 149 54 Approximate life cell configuration .............. 149 55 Component ceiling lighting .................. 150 56 Effect of wall reflectivity .................. 153 57 Biotelemetry receivers block diagram ............. 156 58 Activity monitor block diagram ................ 158 59 Biotelemetry signal strength ................. 159 60 Block diagram x-ray detector ................. 160 61 X-ray detector sensor assembly ................ 161 62 Final calibration x-ray flight unit .............. 163 63 Calibration flight of x-ray unit at +80° F .......... 164 64 Behavioral panel and data processor block diagram ....... 165 65 Behavioral regime electronic block diagram .......... 166 66 Status multiplexer block diagram ............... 168 67 Telemetry subsystem block diagram ............... 174 68 Power spectral density of wideband detector output ...... 178 69 Command data subcarrier demodulator .............. 180 70 Data handling block diagram .................. 182 71 Data recording format ..................... 184 72 One tenth second time format ................. 188 73 Elapsed time format ...................... 188 74 Video time line recording for one day ............. 189 75 TV time line ......................... 190 76 Omnidirectional antenna patterns ............... 199 77 Data antenna decision block diagram .............. 200 78 Omnidirectional television antenna coverage .......... 201 79 Television
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