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The High Plains of Southeast Colorado

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The High Plains of Southeast Colorado Governor Job A. Cooper, signed a bill creating the new county of KIOWA on April 11, 1889. The name, Kiowa, came from the Kiowa Indians who lived in the region where Kiowa County was established. During the early settlement of Kiowa County, the naturally occurring Great Plains Reservoirs attracted Indians, settlers and trappers. The Indian named reservoirs include: Neesopah, meaning “Black Water”; Neegronda, meaning “Big Water”; Neenoshe, meaning “Standing Water”; and Neeskah, meaning “Queens Lake”. These recreational waters attract many people to this area today. The early settlers arrived by covered wagon, horseback, foot and by train. The Pueblo and State Line Railroad, later purchased by the Missouri Pacific Railroad, played a large part in the development of Kiowa County. The major towns were KIOWA COUNTY: THE HIGH located along its lines. The towns PLAINS OF SOUTHEAST remaining today are as follows: COLORADO ARLINGTON is located at the western end One of the most important events in of Kiowa County and was once a American History, the purchase of the prosperous community. Little remains of it Louisiana Territory in 1803, doubled the now but a post office and a few residences. size of the United States. Included in this purchase was most of the Eastern EADS, named after an engineer, was half of Colorado including our present established in 1887 during the construction Kiowa County. of the railroad. Eads is located in the approximate center of the county and has On the first day of August 1876, been the county seat since 1901. President Grant, issued a proclamation declaring Colorado admitted to the CHIVINGTON, named after the famous Union of States. Since it was the one Colonel John M. Chivington, was once the hundredth anniversary of American real town of Kiowa County. In 1864 Independence, Colorado was nicknamed volunteer troops of Colonel Chivington, a the “Centennial State”. former minister, engaged in a bloody battle with the Indians camped along Sand Creek. At this time, Indians roamed the plains This famous battle is known as the “Sand and big cattle and sheep ranches were Creek Massacre”. prevalent on grassland that was free for the taking. 1 HASWELL, whose name is believed to It is rectangular in shape, with Kansas as its have been chosen because the eastern boundary. The county measures 78 community has-a-well, was originally miles long east to west and is 24 miles in platted in 1908. Having the width. Total land area is 1,148,160 acres or “NATION’S SMALLEST JAIL” gives 1794 square miles. Elevation ranges from Haswell a distinction no other U.S. city 3,800 feet above sea level in the southeast can claim. corner to 4,600 feet in the northwest. Major drainages in the county are Adobe and Mustang Creeks which drain the western portion, Rush Creek and Sand Creek in the central portion and Wildhorse, Buffalo, and White Woman Creeks in the eastern portion. The drainages tend to be intermittent but Adobe, Rush and Sand Creeks have small continuous flows during wetter years. Soils in Kiowa County are generally good, however precipitation is the limiting factor BRANDON was established in the later for agriculture. Climate is mild and semi- part of 1887. In its early days, Brandon arid with average annual precipitation was quite a little town. It was the main averaging from 12 inches in the west end to trading spot for that area. But the 16 inches at the eastern boundary. With depression and the Dust Bowl era of the good management, crop rotations and “Dirty Thirties” took their toll on this conservation tillage, farming can be very community as well as the others in the productive. Fieldwork by USDA for county. Kiowa County soil survey was mostly completed in 1976-77. SHERIDAN LAKE was a thriving community even before the railroad was Agricultural land is 60% (660,000 acres) constructed. The town was named from cultivated and 40% (450,000 acres) range a local body of water. The lake had land for grazing. Approximately 6,000 gotten its name from the fact that acres of the cultivated land are irrigated General Phillip Sheridan of Civil War from wells. Cultivated acres generally fall fame, camped on its shores when in two classes of soil, sandy and loam. hunting buffalo. Sandy land has traditionally been planted to continuous cropped grain sorghum and TOWNER is the first town located in forage sorghum while the loamy soils have Kiowa County on the east end lying just been planted to winter wheat in a summer- two miles from the Colorado-Kansas fallow rotation. state line. Local Historians believe the settlement was started as a camp for the In recent years a substantial increase in railroad construction crew in 1887. acreages of oil type sunflower seed and dryland corn has been occurring. Millet AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES (90% for grain) is also a minor crop in the county. Kiowa County is located in the prairie lands of southeastern Colorado. 2 Currently 30% (205,000 acres) of the cultivated land in Kiowa County is water supply, physiographic, relief and planted to grass under the Department of drainage, and copies of soil surveys are Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve available from the USDA Service Center in Program. This CRP land is under a 10- Eads. year contract to remain in permanent vegetative cover. Most contracts expire CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY in 2007 and 2008. ° January Average High 23.0 F ° Private livestock operations are almost July Average High 90.0 F entirely beef cattle. Cow / calf and Annual Precipitation 14. In. stocker operations (35,000 head) are Annual Snowfall 20.0 In. common. Livestock sales are mainly Elevation 4,300 Ft. handled by sale barns in La Junta and Area 1,785.9 Sq mi Burlington, Colorado. Newsham Hybrids Inc. operates a major WILDLIFE RESOURCES commercial breeding and confined swine operation in Kiowa County and a feed Kiowa County is situated in the eastern mill in Brandon. Great Plains of Colorado. There are 7 irrigation reservoirs within Kiowa County. When full, the lakes have a combined surface area of 23 square miles (14,645 acres) and 58 miles of shoreline. Six of the seven reservoirs are in a cluster called the Great Plains Reservoirs situated 12 miles south of Eads. Adobe Creek Reservoir (Blue Lake) is situated 15 miles south of Haswell in the western part of the county. These reservoirs offer warm water fishing, water sports and waterfowl hunting. Bird watchers enjoy the wide variety of Agri-business enterprises in Kiowa waterfowl, shore birds, prairie songbirds County involve grain elevators in and raptors. Haswell, Eads, Brandon, Sheridan Lake and Towner. Commercial agricultural WATCHABLE WILDLIFE chemical applicators, fuel suppliers, and parts stores are located throughout the The least tern, piping plover, mountain county. Over 2,000,000 bushels of plover, snowy plover, lesser prairie commercial and 5,000,000 bushels of on chickens and burrowing owls are farm grain storage is available in the threatened or endangered species which are county. found in various habitats in the county. Bald and golden eagles and the largest Implement dealers and farm & ranch wintering population of lesser snow geese suppliers are located in nearby towns in Colorado are found on the reservoirs. within an hour drive. Canadian geese and other waterfowl also winter in the area. Lesser sandhill cranes Complete details on crops, soils, climate, are fall and spring visitors. 3 waterfowl hunting seasons. There are no marinas for boating supplies or fuel. CAMPING Unimproved camping is available without fee on all lakes with public access. There is one private campground (Cottonwood Park) on the north side of Neegronda Reservoir. Cottonwood Park has water, HUNTING shower and bathroom facilities and limited electrical hookups. Public toilets are Although most hunting in Kiowa County available at Adobe, Neenoshe, Negronda, is on private land where permission is and Neeskah. required, hunters have public access to a management area administered by the NATURAL RESOURCES Colorado Division of Wildlife around the Great Plains Reservoirs. Hunting for Oil and gas production are important snow and Canadian geese in the enterprises in various areas throughout the management area is available on a first county. Approximately 73 oil wells and 55 come first serve basis. Each year the natural gas wells are in current production. Leasing of surface, subsurface and mineral Division of Wildlife digs hunting pits in the field for decoy hunting and around rights for oil and gas exploration provides the lakes for firing lines. significant income for some landowners. Healthy populations of mule deer, white Colorado Interstate Gas has major natural tailed deer and antelope are found gas transmission pipelines crossing the county and there is a pumping substation throughout the county. Upland game includes pheasant, scaled quail, morning located 13 miles north of Eads along U.S. dove, cottontail and jack rabbits. Highway 287. Furbearers include coyote, badger, skunk, red fox and swift fox. The only mining activities in the area provide limestone and gravel from quarries FISHING operated by the county. Limestone is crushed and hauled as road base for Area reservoirs are excellent warm water unpaved roads. Aggregate for concrete is fisheries. Wiper, saugeye, walleye, available along the Arkansas River approximately 25 miles south of Kiowa crappie, channel catfish, largemouth bass, bullhead, drum and carp are County. abundant. Fish of 5 pounds and up are common. Public access exists on Adobe Irrigation water is limited and comes from Creek (Blue Lake), Neegronda, wells. The main aquifer in Kiowa County is located in the alluvium of Rush and Big Neenoshe, Neeskah (upper Queens and lower Queens) Reservoirs. Sandy Creeks. In the southeastern corner Neesopah (Sweetwater and Jet Lake) are of the county, a few wells are tapping the surrounded by privately held land.
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