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International Research Journal of Commerce, Arts and Science Issn 2319 – 9202

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International Research Journal of Commerce, Arts and Science Issn 2319 – 9202 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN 2319 – 9202 An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust WWW.CASIRJ.COM www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions CASIRJ Volume 6 Issue 3 [Year - 2015] ISSN 2319 – 9202 Application of central place model in the Kishangarh city of Ajmer district of Rajasthan Gulzar Bin Rehman Research Scholar, Centre for the study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Abstract: From the study of basic parameters of the application of central place theory in Kishangarh, the results have shown any interesting picture. One thing has been cleared that central place is not fully applicable in the study area.Though at India level it is applicable in terms of seven administrative hierarchy of settlement. However, in case of Kishangarh, it rarely follows this pattern. Higher and lower order settlements are there, but the spacing between them is contradictory. Kishangarh is first order settlements in the study area and Tibba falls in the Second order hierarchy while, Dadwindi, Nasirpur, Dalla, Depewal, Jabbowal, Shahwala idresa, Kabirpur, Suja kalia, Saidjour, Kalubhatia are in the third order of the central place hierarchy and all others are in Fouth & Fifth order of the hierarchy of central places. The analysis shows that the central places forming are not equally distributed in the study area. The first order settlements are very close to each other & are located in the central part of the area while in other areas there is no presence of first order. However, the basic assumptions of Christaller like homogeneous place or isotropic plain is absent there due to rugged topography and consumer don’t have the same income, and they are not rational. Somewhere this model is applicable like First order settlement have a central location, all the settlement are not spaced in hierarchy & not equally distributed. Introduction: Kishangarh is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It lies 18 miles north-west of Ajmer. It is well connected via Indian Railways and National Highway-8. It is the birthplace of the Kishangarh style of painting, which is known for the beautiful depiction of a courtesan known as Bani Thani. In recent years, Kishangarh has come to be known as the marble city of India. It is purported to be the only place in the world with a temple of nine planets. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 258 CASIRJ Volume 6 Issue 3 [Year - 2015] ISSN 2319 – 9202 The Central place is a settlement which serves as a focal point for a number of other settlements which are dependent on it. Central place theory was developed and published by Walter. Christaller in his book “central place of western Germany” in 1933 which deals with the allocation of market mechanism or distribution of goods and services to the surrounding hinterland. Central place theory is envisaged to see the hierarchical structure of the settlement size and location. He explains 3 cornerstone – 1. There is a functional interdependence between a town and its surrounding hinterland. 2. Town or central place must be located in the central part of the region so that the services, functions, and market can be provided to the hinterland location. 3. Although the C.P. with goods and services is the focal point of the model, it acknowledges there must exist other nodes and settlements which don’t have these functions. He assumed certain premises- 1. There should be an Isotropic surface with homogenous in resource distribution and climate, soil fertility and topography. 2. Income variation should not be there. 3. Equal and ubiquitous distribution of resources. 4. Transport cost of the region will be uniform and proportionate to distance. 5. All people will be rational in income generation According to the model, the needs for settlement goes to change in the hierarchical order of the settlement. Lower order functions settlement would be distributed in many areas. Once we move from lower order functions to higher order functions would decrease with a particular proportion, and that is k system. Which he divided into 3 k-system 1. Marketing principle =3 (6*1/3+1) 2. Transport principle, and =4 (6*1/2+1) 3. Administrative principle. =7 The fundamental concepts on which the central place theory is based on are: 1. The principle of centrality, and 2. The principle of hierarchy Objectives: The prime object of this case study is to find out a central place in Kishangarh Panchayat Samiti. First, take all the variables and create the map of the composite index. Through this map try to find out the hierarchy of the settlement. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 259 CASIRJ Volume 6 Issue 3 [Year - 2015] ISSN 2319 – 9202 Try to find out interconnection between all the nodes or settlement and finally reach a conclusion. Database: The codes and Panchayat Samiti map for the digitization has been taken from the ‘administrative atlas of Rajasthan, 2001.” Village and town directory,2001 Methodology: Gravity model –J.Q.Stewart,1957 interaction between two nodes in terms of migration, Consumer flow will be directly proportional to the mass of the two nodes and inversely related to the square of the distance between them. Interaction between “I” and “j” Iij =PiPJ/D^2ij The beta index (B) :- measures the connectivity relating the number of edges to the number of nodes. It is given as: Beta Index= Edges/Vertices or nodes where E = number of edges (links), V = number of vertices (nodes).The greater the value of B, the greater the connectivity The Koenig number :- (or associated number) is the number of edges from any node in a network to the furthest node from it. This is a topological measure of distance, in edges rather than in Kilometers. A low associated number indicates a high degree of connectivity; the lower the Konig number, the greater the Centrality of that node. ARC MAP 9.3 :- Using graduated symbols and different cartographic techniques in the maps, using a buffer to demarcate zone of influence and finally a lot of over-lapping to know the central place in the given Panchayat Samiti. Literature Review: Ray Bromley and Rosemary D. F. Bromley in (1979) reveal that this paper presents a case study of the analysis of bus services, using data for the Republic of Ecuador in 1975 and employing a number of modifications and additions to the body of analytical techniques used by earlier authors. The analysis of bus services was particularly relevant to the study of Western European central place systems in the 1930s and 1940s when a high proportion of used to travel was by bus. Techniques presented for the analysis of bus services are adaptable to a considerable range of circumstances and can be used not only to analyze the structure of central place systems but also to compare different central place systems and to analyze changes in the structure of International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 260 CASIRJ Volume 6 Issue 3 [Year - 2015] ISSN 2319 – 9202 particular systems through time. Though it is not applicable forever, it was relevant at the time of this article was being written. Samrat Bose in his article “Road Density, Resource Intensity and economic efficiency in India: 1958-1997” deals with the role of national highways and state roads in the development of a region and how it helps in providing services and functions. It helps in several ways like By directly contributing to output and By enhancing amenities and influencing location decision of private industry. States that have high a national high-way density generally also have prominent positions in the socio-economic rankings.This is clearly the case for Delhi, Punjab, Kerala and West Bengal. Assam is the only exception, and Haryana is intermediate in highway development. The Same scenario we can see in case of Kishangarh where NH-8 provides services and functions to its higher order settlement and its around ones too. Gwyn Rowley (1971) in his article “Central Places in Rural Wales” deals with the A realistic method of market area definition is based upon consumer behavior data collected in rural Wales. The more complex market centers are classified on the basis of these data. Overlapping areas and the relationships between market area characteristics and the central place hierarchy are considered. The functionally more complex centers possess the more complex market areas within which the behavior of individuals must be the key to comprehension Sudhir Wanmali and Yassir Islam in his article “Rural Services, Rural Infrastructure and Regional Development in India” The economic and spatial features of the distribution systems for Rural services need to be studied. Services are often available in only a few settlements but are used by a larger number of settlements resulting in economic transactions across a greater geographical area. There has been a tremendous improvement in the capacity of larger villages and small towns to provide these services. Studies in this article show how to approach the planning of rural service provision and they provide the basis for conducting similar exercises elsewhere at the sub-state level in India. Analysis and Results: Figure :- 1 Educational facility map given below show graduated symbols higher values are coming in those areas where transport networks are highly connected and links each and every higher order settlement. These areas are as Kishangarh town, singara, sursura,Salemabad, karkeri, Bander sinderi, kathoda, nohariya and dhani purohitan etc. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 261 CASIRJ Volume 6 Issue 3 [Year - 2015] ISSN 2319 – 9202 Figure 1: Hierarchy of Educational Institutions in P.S Kishangarh 2001 There is no such town or class in Kishangarh which possess higher order settlement pattern and can dominate the whole hierarchy level.
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