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Arquivo6794 1.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA E GEOCIÊNCIAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS Marcia Cristina da Silva OS VERTEBRADOS DA BACIA DA PARAÍBA (CRETÁCEO SUPERIOR-PALEOCENO), NORDESTE DO BRASIL Dissertação de Mestrado 2007 MARCIA CRISTINA DA SILVA Bióloga, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. OS VERTEBRADOS DA BACIA DA PARAÍBA (CRETÁCEO SUPERIOR-PALEOCENO), NORDESTE DO BRASIL Dissertação que apresenta à Pós-Graduação em Geociências do Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, or ientada pela Profa. Dra. Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto e co- orientada pelo Prof. Dr. Ismar de Souza Carvalho, como preenchimento parcial dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Geociências, área de concentração Geologia Sedimentar e Ambiental. RECIFE, PE 2007 S586v Silva, Marcia Cristina da Os vertebrados da Bacia da Paraíba: Cretáceo Superior-Paleoceno, Nordeste do Brasil / Márcia Cristina da Silva. - Recife: O Autor, 2007. 150 f. : il. color. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CTG. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, 2007. Inclui referências e anexos. 1. Geociências. 2. Paleovertebrados. 3. Paleoecologia. 3. Cretáceo Superior. 4. Paleoceno. 5. Bacia da Paraíba. I. Título. 551 CDD (22. ed.) BCTG/2007-80 OS VERTEBRADOS DA BACIA DA PARAÍBA (CRETÁCEO SUPERIOR- PALEOCENO), NORDESTE DO BRASIL MARCIA CRISTINA DA SILVA Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Zedequias e Margarida, pelo incentivo e amor dispensados, a minha irmã Mércia pela compreensão, as minhas avós (D. Josefa e D. Irene) pelo carinho e aos meus familiares (tios e primos) que me auxiliaram em momentos de desesperança. “Não que sejamos capazes, por nós, de pensar alguma coisa, como de nós mesmos; mas a nossa capacidade vem de Deus” (II Cor. 3:5). AGRADECIMENTOS Não poderia deixar de começar a agradecer ao Deus Trino, Autor e Salvador da minha vida por mais uma etapa realizada durante a minha existência. À minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto pela confiança, carinho e amizade sincera, sem a qual este trabalho nunca poderia ter se concretizado. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências da UFPE por ter me dado a oportunidade de fazer este curso de Pós-Graduação. Ao CNPq pela disponibilidade da bolsa de mestrado, com a qual pude realizar esta pesquisa. Ao meu co-orientador Prof. Ismar de Souza Carvalho pela análise do material de répteis, sugestões e boa receptividade na UFRJ. À Dra. Marise Sardenberg Carvalho pela análise do material de peixes e pela maravilhosa acolhida no CPRM/RJ. Aos meus amigos Ricardo Lôbo Nascimento, David Holanda, Rosembergh Alves, Geraldo Moura e Janaina Santos, pela essencial ajuda durante a realização desta pesquisa e pelos maravilhosos momentos vividos durante estes dois anos. Aos amigos Thiago Marinho e Felipe Vasconcelos pela ajuda e sugestões na descrição dos dentes e Diogo Batista pelas sugestões sobre o material de quelônio. Ao fotógrafo Nelson Oliveira pelas fotos que ilustram as pranchas nesta dissertação. Ao Prof. Edval Santos do Laboratório de Dispositivos e Nanoestruturas da UFPE e Fernanda do Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica do ITEP pelas fotomicrografias dos dentes que estampam esta dissertação. Ao José Carneiro (Alface) pela confecção das reconstituições paleoambientais. Ao amigo José Augusto de Almeida pelas sugestões repassadas durante uma rápida, mas valiosa correção. Ao Dr. Paulo Souto pela análise e sugestões de descrição dos coprólitos. A todos, o meu mais sincero agradecimento. RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa é o estudo da fauna de vertebrados da Bacia da Paraíba, abordando aspectos taxonômicos, paleoecológicos e paleoambientais com ênfase na análise de dentes de répteis e de peixes ósseos ( Enchodus ), por possuírem características diagnósticas à classificação taxonômica. A partir de trabalhos de campo, levantamentos bibliográficos e das coleções paleontológicas da UFPE e UFRPE foram identificados e revisados taxonomicamente 36 táxons. Os vertebrados da bacia estão representados por duas classes de peixes e por répteis, sendo os peixes predominantes. Os Chondrichthyes (peixes cartilaginosos) presentes são quatro espécies de raias e doze espécies de tubarões, distribuídas em oito gêneros, com a ocorrência de Ptychodus pela primeira vez assinalada para a bacia. Os Osteichthyes (peixes ósseos) com dez táxons, sendo comum Enchodus e picnodontiformes. Os répteis da bacia são marinhos e terrestres. Os grupos marinhos compreendem a família Mosasauridae, com duas subfamílias, Mosasaurinae e Plioplatecarpinae, nos gêneros Mosasaurus , Globidens , Platecarpus e Prognathodon ; a Superordem Crocodylomorpha, Família Dyrosauridae; Ordem Plesiosauria, famílias Elasmosauridae e Pliosauridae. Os terrestres estão representados pelas ordens Testudines (família Pelomedusidae) e Pterosauria, com a espécie, Nyctosaurus lamegoi . Coprólitos analisados foram atribuídos a crocodilomorfos e quelônios. Além da importância na identificação dos táxons, os dentes foram analisados para inferir hábito alimentar dos grupos e possíveis paleoambientes, tendo sido encontrados as dietas/preferências alimentares dos tipos: Agarrador (tubarões); Esmagador/Triturador (raias); Agarrador/Esmagador/Cortador (grandes predadores); Perfurador/Arrancador (tubarões) e; Cortador/Arrancador (tubarões). A microanálise dos dentes por MEV-EDS revelou a preservação da biomineralização original através da identificação de elementos que compõem o mineral hidroxioapatita além de possível presença do elemento Irídio em dente de Mosasaurus anceps, Formação Gramame. Os vertebrados da bacia sugerem um ambiente marinho mais profundo de plataforma externa para as formações Itamaracá e Gramame e ambiente de água mais rasa na Formação Maria Farinha. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paleovertebrados, taxonomia, paleoecologia, Cretáceo Superior, Paleoceno, Bacia da Paraíba. ABSTRACT The aim pourpose of this research is the study of the vertebrate fauna of Paraíba Basin, using taxonomic, paleoecologic and paleoenvironment aspects with emphasis in the tooth analysis of reptiles and bone fishes ( Enchodus ), for the diagnostic characteristics that allow the taxonomic classification. It was indentified and revised taxonomic of 36 taxon, from field works, bibliographical surveys and UFPE and UFRPE paleontological collections. The vertebrates are represented by two classes of fish and reptiles; there are the dominance of fishes. The Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) are four species of rays and twelve species of sharks, distributed in eight genus, with the occurrence of Ptychodus designated for the first time for the basin. The Osteichthyes (bone fishes) with ten taxon, the most common are Enchodus and pycnodontiforms. The reptiles of the basin are marine and terrestrial. The marine group are the Mosasauridae family, with two subfamilies, Mosasaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae, and the genus Mosasaurus , Globidens , Platecarpus and Prognathodon ; superorder Crocodylomorpha, Dyrosauridae family; Plesiosauria order, families Elasmosauridae and Pliosauridae. The terrestrial ones are represented by the orders Testudines (Pelomedusidae family) and Pterosauria, with Nyctosaurus lamegoi species. The coprolites analysis had been attributed to the chelonia and crocodylomorphs. Beyond the importance in the identification of taxon, the teeth had been analyzed to infer alimentary habit of the groups and possible environmental interpretation. The types of diets found are: clutching (sharks); crushing/grinding(rays); grasp/crush/chop (large predator); pierce/gouge (sharks) and; slicing/gouge (sharks). The microanalysis of teeth for MEV-EDS shows the preservation of the original biomineralization through the identification of elements that compose the hidroxylapatite mineral, beyond possible presence of the element Iridium in tooth of Mosasaurus anceps , from the Gramame Formation. The vertebrates of the basin suggest deeper marine environment of external shelf for the Itamaracá and Gramame formations and shalow marine environment in the Maria Farinha Formation. Key-words: Paleovertebrates, taxonomy, paleoecology, Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene, Paraíba Basin. 1 ÍNDICE AGRADECIMENTOS................................................................................................................v RESUMO...................................................................................................................................vi ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................vii ÍNDICE.......................................................................................................................................1 LISTA DE FIGURAS.................................................................................................................4 LISTA DE TABELAS................................................................................................................8 CAPÍTULO I – INTRODUÇÃO................................................................................................9 I.1. OBJETIVOS...........................................................................................................10 I.1.1 Gerais........................................................................................................10 I.1.2 Específicos................................................................................................10 I.2. JUSTIFICATIVAS DA PESQUISA......................................................................11
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