Preparing New World Monkeys for Laboratory Research
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Black Capped Capuchin (Cebus Apella)
Husbandry Manual For Brown Capuchin/Black-capped Capuchin Cebus apella (Cebidae) Author: Joel Honeysett Date of Preparation: March 2006 Sydney Institute of TAFE, Ultimo Course Name and Number: Captive Animals. Lecturer: Graeme Phipps TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 4 2 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Nomenclature ................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Subspecies ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Recent Synonyms ........................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Other Common Names ................................................................................................... 5 3 Natural History ....................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Morphometrics ............................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 Mass And Basic Body Measurements ....................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Sexual Dimorphism .................................................................................................. -
The Survival of the Central American Squirrel Monkey
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2005 The urS vival of the Central American Squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedi): the habitat and behavior of a troop on the Burica Peninsula in a conservation context Liana Burghardt SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Burghardt, Liana, "The urS vival of the Central American Squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedi): the habitat and behavior of a troop on the Burica Peninsula in a conservation context" (2005). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 435. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/435 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Survival of the Central American Squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedi): the habitat and behavior of a troop on the Burica Peninsula in a conservation context Liana Burghardt Carleton College Fall 2005 Burghardt 2 I dedicate this paper which documents my first scientific adventure in the field to my father. “It is often necessary to put aside the objective measurements favored in controlled laboratory environments and to adopt a more subjective naturalistic viewpoint in order to see pattern and consistency in the rich, varied context of the natural environment” (Baldwin and Baldwin 1971: 48). Acknowledgments This paper has truly been an adventure and as is common I have many people I wish to thank. -
NO2N Import Into Containment Any New Organism That Is Not Genetically Modified
NO2N Import into containment any new organism that is not genetically modified Application title: Importation of specified “new” mammal species into containment at Wellington Zoo, and other zoos, to aid conservation though sustainable display, captive breeding and / or the conservation of genetic material Applicant organisation: Wellington Zoo Trust, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington Please provide a brief summary of the purpose of the application (255 characters or less, including spaces) To import into containment 28 mammal species for captive breeding, display, educational presentations and to contribute to conservation by exposing visitors to conservation issues and the conservation of genetic material through breeding PLEASE CONTACT ERMA NEW ZEALAND BEFORE SUBMITTING YOUR APPLICATION Please clearly identify any confidential information and attach as a separate appendix. Please check and complete the following before submitting your application: All sections completed Yes Appendices enclosed NA Confidential information identified and enclosed separately NA Copies of references attached Yes Application signed and dated Yes Electronic copy of application e-mailed to Yes ERMA New Zealand Signed: Date: 20 Customhouse Quay Cnr Waring Taylor and Customhouse Quay PO Box 131, Wellington Phone: 04 916 2426 Fax: 04 914 0433 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ermanz.govt.nz NO2N: Application to import into containment any new organism that is not genetically modified Section One – Applicant details Name and details of the organisation -
Veterinary Opposition to the Keeping of Primates As Pets
Veterinary Opposition to the Keeping of Primates as Pets Introduction: The Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association opposes the private ownership of dangerous and exotic animals. That includes the keeping of primates as pets, since this practice poses a risk to public safety and public health. It is also harmful to the welfare of the primates in question and weakens conservation efforts undertaken to protect their wild counterparts from extinction. The following document describes the compelling case for phasing out the practice of keeping primates as pets, as the majority of states have already done. Primates pose a risk to public safety. Primates are wild animals who have not been – and should not be – domesticated. Given their profound intelligence and behavioral complexity, they are inherently unpredictable, even to primatologists and other experts. Even the smallest monkey species are incredibly strong and can inflict serious injuries with their teeth or nails, including puncture wounds, severe lacerations, and infections. Attacks by apes are frequently disfiguring and can be fatal. Purchased as cute and manageable infants, primates inevitably become aggressive, destructive, and territorial as they mature, often attacking their owners or other people, escaping cages, and causing damage to household items and property. These dangerous and unwanted behaviors are the natural result of forcing these animals to live in environments that are inappropriate physically, psychologically, or socially. When their living conditions fail to permit acceptable outlets for natural behaviors, the result is horror stories that frequently appear on the evening news. Although it is likely that most incidents go unreported, records show that since 1990, more than 300 people— including 105 children—have been injured by captive primates in the United States.1 Some of these attacks have caused permanent disability and disfigurement. -
An Expanded Search for Simian Foamy Viruses (SFV) in Brazilian New World Primates Identifies Novel SFV Lineages and Host Age‑Related Infections Cláudia P
Muniz et al. Retrovirology (2015) 12:94 DOI 10.1186/s12977-015-0217-x RESEARCH Open Access An expanded search for simian foamy viruses (SFV) in Brazilian New World primates identifies novel SFV lineages and host age‑related infections Cláudia P. Muniz1,2, Hongwei Jia2, Anupama Shankar2, Lian L. Troncoso1, Anderson M. Augusto3, Elisabete Farias1, Alcides Pissinatti4, Luiz P. Fedullo3, André F. Santos1, Marcelo A. Soares1,5 and William M. Switzer2* Abstract Background: While simian foamy viruses have co-evolved with their primate hosts for millennia, most scientific stud- ies have focused on understanding infection in Old World primates with little knowledge available on the epidemiol- ogy and natural history of SFV infection in New World primates (NWPs). To better understand the geographic and species distribution and evolutionary history of SFV in NWPs we extend our previous studies in Brazil by screening 15 genera consisting of 29 NWP species (140 monkeys total), including five genera (Brachyteles, Cacajao, Callimico, Mico, and Pithecia) not previously analyzed. Monkey blood specimens were tested using a combination of both serology and PCR to more accurately estimate prevalence and investigate transmission patterns. Sequences were phylogeneti- cally analyzed to infer SFV and host evolutionary histories. Results: The overall serologic and molecular prevalences were 42.8 and 33.6 %, respectively, with a combined assay prevalence of 55.8 %. Discordant serology and PCR results were observed for 28.5 % of the samples, indicating that both methods are currently necessary for estimating NWP SFV prevalence. SFV prevalence in sexually mature NWPs with a positive result in any of the WB or PCR assays was 51/107 (47.7 %) compared to 20/33 (61 %) for immature animals. -
High-Throughput Human Primary Cell-Based Airway Model for Evaluating Infuenza, Coronavirus, Or Other Respira- Tory Viruses in Vitro
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN High‑throughput human primary cell‑based airway model for evaluating infuenza, coronavirus, or other respiratory viruses in vitro A. L. Gard1, R. J. Luu1, C. R. Miller1, R. Maloney1, B. P. Cain1, E. E. Marr1, D. M. Burns1, R. Gaibler1, T. J. Mulhern1, C. A. Wong1, J. Alladina3, J. R. Coppeta1, P. Liu2, J. P. Wang2, H. Azizgolshani1, R. Fennell Fezzie1, J. L. Balestrini1, B. C. Isenberg1, B. D. Medof3, R. W. Finberg2 & J. T. Borenstein1* Infuenza and other respiratory viruses present a signifcant threat to public health, national security, and the world economy, and can lead to the emergence of global pandemics such as from COVID‑ 19. A barrier to the development of efective therapeutics is the absence of a robust and predictive preclinical model, with most studies relying on a combination of in vitro screening with immortalized cell lines and low‑throughput animal models. Here, we integrate human primary airway epithelial cells into a custom‑engineered 96‑device platform (PREDICT96‑ALI) in which tissues are cultured in an array of microchannel‑based culture chambers at an air–liquid interface, in a confguration compatible with high resolution in‑situ imaging and real‑time sensing. We apply this platform to infuenza A virus and coronavirus infections, evaluating viral infection kinetics and antiviral agent dosing across multiple strains and donor populations of human primary cells. Human coronaviruses HCoV‑NL63 and SARS‑CoV‑2 enter host cells via ACE2 and utilize the protease TMPRSS2 for spike protein priming, and we confrm their expression, demonstrate infection across a range of multiplicities of infection, and evaluate the efcacy of camostat mesylate, a known inhibitor of HCoV‑NL63 infection. -
A Unique Middle Miocene European Hominoid and the Origins of the Great Ape and Human Clade Salvador Moya` -Sola` A,1, David M
A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade Salvador Moya` -Sola` a,1, David M. Albab,c, Sergio Alme´ cijac, Isaac Casanovas-Vilarc, Meike Ko¨ hlera, Soledad De Esteban-Trivignoc, Josep M. Roblesc,d, Jordi Galindoc, and Josep Fortunyc aInstitucio´Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats at Institut Catala`de Paleontologia (ICP) and Unitat d’Antropologia Biolo`gica (Dipartimento de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal, i Ecologia), Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; bDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita`degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; cInstitut Catala`de Paleontologia, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; and dFOSSILIA Serveis Paleontolo`gics i Geolo`gics, S.L. c/ Jaume I nu´m 87, 1er 5a, 08470 Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain Edited by David Pilbeam, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved March 4, 2009 (received for review November 20, 2008) The great ape and human clade (Primates: Hominidae) currently sediments by the diggers and bulldozers. After 6 years of includes orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. fieldwork, 150 fossiliferous localities have been sampled from the When, where, and from which taxon hominids evolved are among 300-m-thick local stratigraphic series of ACM, which spans an the most exciting questions yet to be resolved. Within the Afro- interval of 1 million years (Ϸ12.5–11.3 Ma, Late Aragonian, pithecidae, the Kenyapithecinae (Kenyapithecini ؉ Equatorini) Middle Miocene). -
Prevalence of Enzootic Simian Viruses Among Urban Performance Monkeys in Indonesia
Tropical Medicine and International Health doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01524.x volume 10 no 12 pp 1305–1314 december 2005 Prevalence of enzootic simian viruses among urban performance monkeys in Indonesia Michael A. Schillaci1, Lisa Jones-Engel2, Gregory A. Engel3, Yasmina Paramastri4, Entang Iskandar4, Brenda Wilson5, Jonathan S. Allan5, Randall C. Kyes2,6, Robin Watanabe2 and Richard Grant2 1 Department of Social Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2 Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 3 Swedish/Providence Family Practice Residency, Seattle, WA, USA 4 Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 5 Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA 6 Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Summary Animal reservoirs are the most important sources of emerging infectious diseases that threaten human populations. Global travel and tourism bring ever-increasing numbers of humans into contact with animals, increasing the likelihood of cross species transmission of infectious agents. Non-human primates come into contact with humans in a variety of contexts and may harbor infectious agents with zoonotic potential. We investigated the prevalence of infection with enzootic simian viruses among 20 urban performance monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in Jakarta, Indonesia. This report documents for the first time evidence of infection with four simian viruses in urban performance monkeys. Simian foamy virus was detected by PCR in 52.9% of the macaques. Antibodies to simian retrovirus were detected in 10.5% of the macaques. Antibodies to Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1, were detected in 5.3% of the macaques. -
A Unique Middle Miocene European Hominoid and the Origins of the Great Ape and Human Clade
A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade Salvador Moya` -Sola` a,1, David M. Albab,c, Sergio Alme´ cijac, Isaac Casanovas-Vilarc, Meike Ko¨ hlera, Soledad De Esteban-Trivignoc, Josep M. Roblesc,d, Jordi Galindoc, and Josep Fortunyc aInstitucio´Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats at Institut Catala`de Paleontologia (ICP) and Unitat d’Antropologia Biolo`gica (Dipartimento de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal, i Ecologia), Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; bDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita`degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; cInstitut Catala`de Paleontologia, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; and dFOSSILIA Serveis Paleontolo`gics i Geolo`gics, S.L. c/ Jaume I nu´m 87, 1er 5a, 08470 Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain Edited by David Pilbeam, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved March 4, 2009 (received for review November 20, 2008) The great ape and human clade (Primates: Hominidae) currently sediments by the diggers and bulldozers. After 6 years of includes orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. fieldwork, 150 fossiliferous localities have been sampled from the When, where, and from which taxon hominids evolved are among 300-m-thick local stratigraphic series of ACM, which spans an the most exciting questions yet to be resolved. Within the Afro- interval of 1 million years (Ϸ12.5–11.3 Ma, Late Aragonian, pithecidae, the Kenyapithecinae (Kenyapithecini ؉ Equatorini) Middle Miocene). -
Simian Malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: First Description of Natural Infection of Capuchin Monkeys (Cebinae Subfamily) by Plasmodium Simium
de Alvarenga et al. Malaria Journal (2015) 14:81 DOI 10.1186/s12936-015-0606-6 RESEARCH Open Access Simian malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: first description of natural infection of capuchin monkeys (Cebinae subfamily) by Plasmodium simium Denise Anete Madureira de Alvarenga1, Anielle de Pina-Costa2,3, Taís Nóbrega de Sousa1, Alcides Pissinatti4,5, Mariano G Zalis6, Martha C Suaréz-Mutis7, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira8, Patrícia Brasil2, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro3,9 and Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito1* Abstract Background: In Brazil, two species of Plasmodium have been described infecting non-human primates, Plasmodium brasilianum and Plasmodium simium. These species are morphologically, genetically and immunologically indistinguishable from the human Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium vivax parasites, respectively. Plasmodium simium has been observed naturally infecting monkeys of the genera Alouatta and Brachyteles in a restricted area of the Atlantic Forest in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. However, its reported geographical distribution and the diversity of its vertebrate hosts may be underestimated, since available data were largely based on analyses by microscopic examination of peripheral blood, a method with limited sensitivity, considering the potential sub-patent feature of these infections. The present study describes, for the first time, the natural infection of P. simium in capuchin monkeys from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods: Blood samples from 30 non-human primates belonging to nine species kept in the Primate Centre of Rio de Janeiro were collected. Fragments of spleen and liver from one dead monkey found in the neighborhoods of the Primate Centre were also analysed. Molecular diagnosis was performed by nested PCR (18SSU rRNA) and the amplified fragment was sequenced. -
The New World Monkeys
The New World Monkeys NEW WORLD PRIMATE TAG Husbandry WORKSHOP Taxonomy of New World primates circa 1980’s Suborder Anthropoidea Infraorder Platyrrhini SuperFamily Ceboidea Family Callitrichidae Cebidae Aotus Leontopithecus Owl Monkeys Lion Tamarins Callicebus Saguinus Titi Monkeys Tamarins Cebus Cacajao Capuchin Monkeys Uakaris Callithrix Marmosets Chiropotes Saimiri Bearded Sakis Cebuella Squirrel Monkeys Pygmy Marmosets Pithecia Sakis Alouatta Howler Monkeys Callimico Goeldi’s Monkey Ateles Spider Monkeys Brachyteles Woolly Spider Monkeys (Muriqui) Lagothrix Woolly Monkeys Taxonomy of New World primates circa 1990’s Suborder Anthropoidea Infraorder Platyrrhini SuperFamily Ceboidea Family Callitrichidae Atelidae Aotus Leontopithecus Owl Monkeys Lion Tamarins Cebidae Callicebus Saguinus Titi Monkeys Tamarins Cebus Cacajao Capuchin Monkeys Uakaris Callithrix Marmosets Chiropotes Saimiri Bearded Sakis Cebuella Suirrel Monkeys Pygmy Marmosets Pithecia Sakis Alouatta Howler Monkeys Callimico Goeldi’s Monkey Ateles Spider Monkeys Brachyteles Woolly Spider Monkeys (Muriqui) Lagothrix Woolly Monkeys Taxonomy of New World primates circa 1990’s Suborder Anthropoidea Infraorder Platyrrhini SuperFamily Ceboidea Family Callitrichidae Atelidae Aotus Leontopithecus Owl Monkeys Lion Tamarins Cebidae Callicebus Saguinus Titi Monkeys Tamarins Cebus Cacajao Capuchin Monkeys Uakaris Callithrix Marmosets Chiropotes Saimiri Bearded Sakis Cebuella Suirrel Monkeys Pygmy Marmosets Pithecia Sakis Alouatta *DNA analysis Howler Monkeys Callimico suggested that -
The Evolution of Grooming and Hand Use in Primates: an Interdisciplinary Perspective
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 20 September 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0233.v1 1 The evolution of grooming and hand use in primates: an interdisciplinary 2 perspective 3 4 Alexander R. Dunkel1 5 6 1 Unaffiliated, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA 7 Email: [email protected] 8 9 The evolution of manual grooming and its implications have received little attention in 10 the quest to understand the origins of simian primates and their social and technical 11 intelligence. All simians groom manually, whereas prosimians groom orally despite 12 comparable manual dexterity between some members of the two groups. Simians also 13 exhibit a variable propensity for the manipulation of inanimate, non-food objects, which 14 has culminated in tool making and tool use in some species. However, lemuriform 15 primates also seem capable of tool use with training. Furthermore, lemuriforms appear to 16 understand the concept of a tool and use their own body parts as “tools”, despite not 17 using inanimate objects. This suggests that prosimian primates are pre-adapted for 18 proprioceptive object manipulation and tool use, but do not express these cognitive 19 abilities by default. This essay explores the paleontological, anatomical, cognitive, 20 ethological, and neurological roots of these abilities and attempts to explain this 21 behavioural divide between simians and prosimians. Common misconceptions about 22 early primate evolution and captive behaviours are addressed, and chronological © 2019 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 20 September 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0233.v1 23 inconsistencies with Machiavellian Intelligence are examined.