An Expanded Search for Simian Foamy Viruses (SFV) in Brazilian New World Primates Identifies Novel SFV Lineages and Host Age‑Related Infections Cláudia P
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Sex Differences in the Social Behavior of Juvenile Spider Monkeys (Ateles Geoffroyi) Michelle Amanda Rodrigues Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2007 Sex differences in the social behavior of juvenile spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) Michelle Amanda Rodrigues Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Rodrigues, Michelle Amanda, "Sex differences in the social behavior of juvenile spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)" (2007). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14829. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14829 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sex differences in the social behavior of juvenile spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) by Michelle Amanda Rodrigues A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: Anthropology Program of Study Committee: Jill D. Pruetz, Major Professor W. Sue Fairbanks Maximilian Viatori Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2007 Copyright © Michelle Amanda Rodrigues, 2007. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 1443144 UMI Microform 1443144 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii For Travis, Goldie, Clydette, and Udi iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii ABSTRACT ix CHAPTER 1. -
Fascinating Primates 3/4/13 8:09 AM Ancient Egyptians Used Traits of an Ibis Or a Hamadryas Used Traits Egyptians Ancient ) to Represent Their God Thoth
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Fascinating Primates Fascinating The Beginning of an Adventure Ever since the time of the fi rst civilizations, nonhuman primates and people have oc- cupied overlapping habitats, and it is easy to imagine how important these fi rst contacts were for our ancestors’ philosophical refl ections. Long ago, adopting a quasi- scientifi c view, some people accordingly regarded pri- mates as transformed humans. Others, by contrast, respected them as distinct be- ings, seen either as bearers of sacred properties or, conversely, as diabolical creatures. A Rapid Tour around the World In Egypt under the pharaohs, science and religion were still incompletely separated. Priests saw the Papio hamadryas living around them as “brother baboons” guarding their temples. In fact, the Egyptian god Thoth was a complex deity combining qualities of monkeys and those of other wild animal species living in rice paddies next to temples, all able to sound the alarm if thieves were skulking nearby. At fi rst, baboons represented a local god in the Nile delta who guarded sacred sites. The associated cult then spread through middle Egypt. Even- tually, this god was assimilated by the Greeks into Hermes Trismegistus, the deity measuring and interpreting time, the messenger of the gods. One conse- quence of this deifi cation was that many animals were mummifi ed after death to honor them. Ancient Egyptians used traits of an ibis or a Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas) to represent their god Thoth. -
Exam 1 Set 3 Taxonomy and Primates
Goodall Films • Four classic films from the 1960s of Goodalls early work with Gombe (Tanzania —East Africa) chimpanzees • Introduction to Chimpanzee Behavior • Infant Development • Feeding and Food Sharing • Tool Using Primates! Specifically the EXTANT primates, i.e., the species that are still alive today: these include some prosimians, some monkeys, & some apes (-next: fossil hominins, who are extinct) Diversity ...200$300&species& Taxonomy What are primates? Overview: What are primates? • Taxonomy of living • Prosimians (Strepsirhines) – Lorises things – Lemurs • Distinguishing – Tarsiers (?) • Anthropoids (Haplorhines) primate – Platyrrhines characteristics • Cebids • Atelines • Primate taxonomy: • Callitrichids distinguishing characteristics – Catarrhines within the Order Primate… • Cercopithecoids – Cercopithecines – Colobines • Hominoids – Hylobatids – Pongids – Hominins Taxonomy: Hierarchical and Linnean (between Kingdoms and Species, but really not a totally accurate representation) • Subspecies • Species • Genus • Family • Infraorder • Order • Class • Phylum • Kingdom Tree of life -based on traits we think we observe -Beware anthropocentrism, the concept that humans may regard themselves as the central and most significant entities in the universe, or that they assess reality through an exclusively human perspective. Taxonomy: Kingdoms (6 here) Kingdom Animalia • Ingestive heterotrophs • Lack cell wall • Motile at at least some part of their lives • Embryos have a blastula stage (a hollow ball of cells) • Usually an internal -
Veterinary Opposition to the Keeping of Primates As Pets
Veterinary Opposition to the Keeping of Primates as Pets Introduction: The Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association opposes the private ownership of dangerous and exotic animals. That includes the keeping of primates as pets, since this practice poses a risk to public safety and public health. It is also harmful to the welfare of the primates in question and weakens conservation efforts undertaken to protect their wild counterparts from extinction. The following document describes the compelling case for phasing out the practice of keeping primates as pets, as the majority of states have already done. Primates pose a risk to public safety. Primates are wild animals who have not been – and should not be – domesticated. Given their profound intelligence and behavioral complexity, they are inherently unpredictable, even to primatologists and other experts. Even the smallest monkey species are incredibly strong and can inflict serious injuries with their teeth or nails, including puncture wounds, severe lacerations, and infections. Attacks by apes are frequently disfiguring and can be fatal. Purchased as cute and manageable infants, primates inevitably become aggressive, destructive, and territorial as they mature, often attacking their owners or other people, escaping cages, and causing damage to household items and property. These dangerous and unwanted behaviors are the natural result of forcing these animals to live in environments that are inappropriate physically, psychologically, or socially. When their living conditions fail to permit acceptable outlets for natural behaviors, the result is horror stories that frequently appear on the evening news. Although it is likely that most incidents go unreported, records show that since 1990, more than 300 people— including 105 children—have been injured by captive primates in the United States.1 Some of these attacks have caused permanent disability and disfigurement. -
The Effect of Home Range Reduction on the Ecology of Red Howler Monkeys in Central Amazonia
THE EFFECT OF HOME RANGE REDUCTION ON THE ECOLOGY OF RED HOWLER MONKEYS IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA by Marcela Santamaría Gómez A dissertation submitted to the University of Cambridge In partial fulfillment of the conditions of application for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Wildlife Research Group Selwyn College Department of Anatomy Cambridge University of Cambridge September 2004 To my grandmothers, Mome and Bita, In memoriam “What escapes this eye…is a much more insidious kind of extinction: the extinction of ecological interactions”. D.H. Janzen CONTENTS Preface i Acknowledgements ii Summary v CHAPTER 1 FOREST FRAGMENTATION, AMAZONIA, AND MONKEYS 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation 1 1.1.2 The Amazon 4 1.1.3 Primate, frugivory and seed dispersal 6 1.1.4 Red howler monkeys 9 1.2 Howler monkeys 1.2.1 Howlers in continuous forest 10 1.2.2 Howlers in fragmented habitats 22 CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH DESIGN 2.1 Objectives and questions 30 2.2 Expected results 30 2.3 Study site 2.3.1 Historic background 32 2.3.2 Characteristics of the BDFFP reserves 33 2.3.3 The study sites 36 2.4 General methods 2.4.1 Pre-sampling period 37 2.4.2 Sampling period 40 2.4.3 Group composition 44 2.5 Limitations of this study 47 2.6 Thesis structure 48 CHAPTER 3 FOREST FRAGMENTATION AND CHANGES IN RESOURCE AVAILABILITY 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Methods 3.2.1 Rainfall variation 51 3.2.2 Canopy cover 51 3.2.3 Resource availability 52 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Rainfall variation 55 3.3.2 Canopy cover 56 3.3.3 Temporal patterns of trees 57 3.4 Discussion -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 RAPID PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION, DELAYED BEHAVIORAL MATURATION, AND SINGLE BIRTH IN YOUNG ADULT CALLTMICO: A REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Donald P. -
A Brief Litterature Review of the Spidermonkey, Ateles Sp
A literature review of the spider monkey, Ateles sp., with special focus on risk for extinction Julia Takahashi Supervisor: Jens Jung Department of Animal Environment and Health _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Examensarbete 2008:49 Fakulteten för veterinärmedicin och ISSN 1652-8697 husdjursvetenskap Uppsala 2008 Veterinärprogrammet Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Degree project 2008:49 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and ISSN 1652-8697 Animal Sciences Uppsala 2008 Veterinary Medicine Programme CONTENTS Sammanfattning ................................................................................................. 3 Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Resumo .............................................................................................................. 4 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 6 Taxonomy ....................................................................................................... 6 Anatomy and characteristics........................................................................... 9 Geographical distribution ............................................................................. -
High-Throughput Human Primary Cell-Based Airway Model for Evaluating Infuenza, Coronavirus, Or Other Respira- Tory Viruses in Vitro
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN High‑throughput human primary cell‑based airway model for evaluating infuenza, coronavirus, or other respiratory viruses in vitro A. L. Gard1, R. J. Luu1, C. R. Miller1, R. Maloney1, B. P. Cain1, E. E. Marr1, D. M. Burns1, R. Gaibler1, T. J. Mulhern1, C. A. Wong1, J. Alladina3, J. R. Coppeta1, P. Liu2, J. P. Wang2, H. Azizgolshani1, R. Fennell Fezzie1, J. L. Balestrini1, B. C. Isenberg1, B. D. Medof3, R. W. Finberg2 & J. T. Borenstein1* Infuenza and other respiratory viruses present a signifcant threat to public health, national security, and the world economy, and can lead to the emergence of global pandemics such as from COVID‑ 19. A barrier to the development of efective therapeutics is the absence of a robust and predictive preclinical model, with most studies relying on a combination of in vitro screening with immortalized cell lines and low‑throughput animal models. Here, we integrate human primary airway epithelial cells into a custom‑engineered 96‑device platform (PREDICT96‑ALI) in which tissues are cultured in an array of microchannel‑based culture chambers at an air–liquid interface, in a confguration compatible with high resolution in‑situ imaging and real‑time sensing. We apply this platform to infuenza A virus and coronavirus infections, evaluating viral infection kinetics and antiviral agent dosing across multiple strains and donor populations of human primary cells. Human coronaviruses HCoV‑NL63 and SARS‑CoV‑2 enter host cells via ACE2 and utilize the protease TMPRSS2 for spike protein priming, and we confrm their expression, demonstrate infection across a range of multiplicities of infection, and evaluate the efcacy of camostat mesylate, a known inhibitor of HCoV‑NL63 infection. -
A Unique Middle Miocene European Hominoid and the Origins of the Great Ape and Human Clade Salvador Moya` -Sola` A,1, David M
A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade Salvador Moya` -Sola` a,1, David M. Albab,c, Sergio Alme´ cijac, Isaac Casanovas-Vilarc, Meike Ko¨ hlera, Soledad De Esteban-Trivignoc, Josep M. Roblesc,d, Jordi Galindoc, and Josep Fortunyc aInstitucio´Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats at Institut Catala`de Paleontologia (ICP) and Unitat d’Antropologia Biolo`gica (Dipartimento de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal, i Ecologia), Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; bDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita`degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; cInstitut Catala`de Paleontologia, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Barcelona, Spain; and dFOSSILIA Serveis Paleontolo`gics i Geolo`gics, S.L. c/ Jaume I nu´m 87, 1er 5a, 08470 Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain Edited by David Pilbeam, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved March 4, 2009 (received for review November 20, 2008) The great ape and human clade (Primates: Hominidae) currently sediments by the diggers and bulldozers. After 6 years of includes orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. fieldwork, 150 fossiliferous localities have been sampled from the When, where, and from which taxon hominids evolved are among 300-m-thick local stratigraphic series of ACM, which spans an the most exciting questions yet to be resolved. Within the Afro- interval of 1 million years (Ϸ12.5–11.3 Ma, Late Aragonian, pithecidae, the Kenyapithecinae (Kenyapithecini ؉ Equatorini) Middle Miocene). -
Molecular Analysis of the Complete Genome of a Simian Foamy Virus Infecting Hylobates Pileatus (Pileated Gibbon) Reveals Ancient Co-Evolution with Lesser Apes
viruses Article Molecular Analysis of the Complete Genome of a Simian Foamy Virus Infecting Hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) Reveals Ancient Co-Evolution with Lesser Apes Anupama Shankar 1, Samuel D. Sibley 2, Tony L. Goldberg 2 and William M. Switzer 1,* 1 Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA 2 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-404-639-2019 Received: 1 April 2019; Accepted: 30 June 2019; Published: 3 July 2019 Abstract: Foamy viruses (FVs) are complex retroviruses present in many mammals, including nonhuman primates, where they are called simian foamy viruses (SFVs). SFVs can zoonotically infect humans, but very few complete SFV genomes are available, hampering the design of diagnostic assays. Gibbons are lesser apes widespread across Southeast Asia that can be infected with SFV, but only two partial SFV sequences are currently available. We used a metagenomics approach with next-generation sequencing of nucleic acid extracted from the cell culture of a blood specimen from a lesser ape, the pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), to obtain the complete SFVhpi_SAM106 genome. We used Bayesian analysis to co-infer phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates. SFVhpi_SAM106 is ancestral to other ape SFVs with a divergence date of ~20.6 million years ago, reflecting ancient co-evolution of the host and SFVhpi_SAM106. Analysis of the complete SFVhpi_SAM106 genome shows that it has the same genetic architecture as other SFVs but has the longest recorded genome (13,885-nt) due to a longer long terminal repeat region (2,071 bp). -
The Effects of Habitat Disturbance on the Populations of Geoffroy's Spider Monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula
The Effects of Habitat Disturbance on the Populations of Geoffroy’s Spider Monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula PhD thesis Denise Spaan Supervisor: Filippo Aureli Co-supervisor: Gabriel Ramos-Fernández August 2017 Instituto de Neuroetología Universidad Veracruzana 1 For the spider monkeys of the Yucatan Peninsula, and all those dedicated to their conservation. 2 Acknowledgements This thesis turned into the biggest project I have ever attempted and it could not have been completed without the invaluable help and support of countless people and organizations. A huge thank you goes out to my supervisors Drs. Filippo Aureli and Gabriel Ramos- Fernández. Thank you for your guidance, friendship and encouragement, I have learnt so much and truly enjoyed this experience. This thesis would not have been possible without you and I am extremely proud of the results. Additionally, I would like to thank Filippo Aureli for all his help in organizing the logistics of field work. Your constant help and dedication to this project has been inspiring, and kept me pushing forward even when it was not always easy to do so, so thank you very much. I would like to thank Dr. Martha Bonilla for offering me an amazing estancia at the INECOL. Your kind words have encouraged and inspired me throughout the past three years, and have especially helped me to get through the last few months. Thank you! A big thank you to Drs. Colleen Schaffner and Jorge Morales Mavil for all your feedback and ideas over the past three years. Colleen, thank you for helping me to feel at home in Mexico and for all your support! I very much look forward to continue working with all of you in the future! I would like to thank the CONACYT for my PhD scholarship and the Instituto de Neuroetología for logistical, administrative and financial support. -
Prevalence of Enzootic Simian Viruses Among Urban Performance Monkeys in Indonesia
Tropical Medicine and International Health doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01524.x volume 10 no 12 pp 1305–1314 december 2005 Prevalence of enzootic simian viruses among urban performance monkeys in Indonesia Michael A. Schillaci1, Lisa Jones-Engel2, Gregory A. Engel3, Yasmina Paramastri4, Entang Iskandar4, Brenda Wilson5, Jonathan S. Allan5, Randall C. Kyes2,6, Robin Watanabe2 and Richard Grant2 1 Department of Social Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2 Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 3 Swedish/Providence Family Practice Residency, Seattle, WA, USA 4 Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 5 Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA 6 Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Summary Animal reservoirs are the most important sources of emerging infectious diseases that threaten human populations. Global travel and tourism bring ever-increasing numbers of humans into contact with animals, increasing the likelihood of cross species transmission of infectious agents. Non-human primates come into contact with humans in a variety of contexts and may harbor infectious agents with zoonotic potential. We investigated the prevalence of infection with enzootic simian viruses among 20 urban performance monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in Jakarta, Indonesia. This report documents for the first time evidence of infection with four simian viruses in urban performance monkeys. Simian foamy virus was detected by PCR in 52.9% of the macaques. Antibodies to simian retrovirus were detected in 10.5% of the macaques. Antibodies to Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1, were detected in 5.3% of the macaques.