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FILM CLIPS for CATHOLIC YOUTH FAITH FORMATION Study Guide

INTRODUCTION: Film Clips for Youth Faith Formation is an exciting and creative approach to the faith formation of youth that uses a medium for which they have a natural affinity: Hollywood movies.

In this eight-part series, fully licensed clips from Hollywood movies are used to help Catholic school religion teachers, parish catechists, and youth ministers involve their students in reflection and discussion about faith and its implications for prayer, belief, and behavior. NOTE: Adults can find this series helpful for their programs as well.

At the core of the program are clips from popular movies that exemplify key traits and issues that are part of a person’s life-long journey of faith. The clips provide viewers with situations that relate to real-life experiences and draw them into a natural engagement with the subject.

A person’s faith journey is a sacred and profound thing, but there is no reason why one cannot have fun along the way. Jesus enjoyed himself at a wedding and certainly must have chuckled at his conversation with Zachaeus, the little guy in the tree. It’s possible – necessary, even – to enjoy the process detailed in this program while still being true to the sacred task of faith formation.

HOW TO USE THIS SERIES: The teacher/catechist/youth minister should download and consult the companion booklet for this program: How to Use This Series. Designed to help a leader make the best use of the lesson plans, this booklet contains significant supplementary material to support an understanding of issues such as “Catholic Social Teaching” or “Media Mindfulness.” In addition, it provides short descriptions of some pedagogical tools employed in the lessons. There is also a helpful bibliography of resources.

IN SHORT: This series is divided into eight Episodes (one Episode per DVD). Each DVD features three traits/issues. Four short film clips address each of these traits/issues. Each DVD/Episode contains twelve clips and lessons. Each lesson provides information about the film and the clip itself. Also included are a variety of discussion questions, Scripture references, and reflection, prayer, and faith-in-action activities. Each lesson can stand alone or work in conjunction with others. It can also be used as a supplement to lessons contained in (arch)diocesan approved textbook series.

PLEASE NOTE: It is against the law to copy these DVD episodes, in whole or in part. None of the movies represented in this Episode is rated higher than PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America. No inappropriate material is included in any of the film clips.

Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible with Revised New Testament and Revised Psalms © 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C. and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Options for audio and subtitles in English or Spanish are available in “Settings” on the main menu of the DVD. Spanish subtitles are available for all film clips. Spanish audio is available for most, but not all film clips.

Film Clips for Catholic Youth Faith Formation is available via DVD’s, Internet Streaming, and School Site Servers. Please call (805) 984 5907

Scroll Down to Begin Episode Eight.

EPISODE EIGHT BEING A FAITHFUL CITIZEN

THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA SOLIDARITY INTEGRITY DEFIANCE RESPONSIBILITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(CLICK ANY LINE BELOW TO JUMP TO PAGE LISTED) (TO RETURN TO THIS PAGE CLICK ON THE THEME YOU JUMPED TO)

NOTE TO TEACHER/CATECHIST ------5 THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA Lesson Plans------6-19 SPIRIT OF AMERICA ------6-7 SOLIDARITY Lesson Plans ------20-30 GLORY ------20-24 INTEGRITY Lesson Plans ------31-44 IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE ------31-35 DEFIANCE Lesson Plans ------45-57 BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY ------45-52 RESPONSIBILITY Lesson Plans ------58-71 SAVING PRIVATE RYAN ------58-62 Acknowledgments ------72-73 Web Site Contact Information ------1, 73

A NOTE TO THE TEACHER/CATECHIST BEFORE BEGINNING EPISODE 8 FOCUS OF EPISODE 8:What does it mean to be an American citizen as well as a faith-filled, practicing Catholic in today’s society?

In 2007, the Catholic Bishops of the United States approved and issued a document entitled, Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship: A Call to Political Responsibility from the Catholic Bishops of the United States.1

Two paragraphs from the Introduction serve to describe the purpose of the Bishops’ document:

5. [The] statement highlights the role of the Church in the formation of conscience, and the corresponding moral responsibility of each Catholic to hear, receive, and act upon the Church’s teaching in the lifelong task of forming his or her own conscience. With this foundation, Catholics are better able to evaluate policy positions, party platforms, and candidates’ promises and actions in light of the Gospel and the moral and social teaching of the Church in order to help build a better world.

7. In this statement, we bishops do not intend to tell Catholics for whom or against whom to vote. Our purpose is to help Catholics form their consciences in accordance with God’s truth. We recognize that the responsibility to make choices in political life rests with each individual in light of a properly formed conscience, and that participation goes well beyond casting a vote in a

particular election.

With these words in mind, the film clips and accompanying lesson plans in Episode 8 have been designed to examine four themes – Solidarity, Integrity, Defiance, and Responsibility – in light of the U.S. Bishops’ teaching on “faithful citizenship.” Five lesson plans (one for the Introductory “Montage of the Spirit of America,” plus one each for the above four themes) provide the teacher/catechist with creative opportunities to assist the development of conscience for the youth in their care.

The teacher/catechist should place special emphasis on following one’s informed conscience. Since “formation of conscience” is a life-long task, the teacher/catechist is asked to remember that his/her students are in process where this task is concerned. The conscience of a teen or pre-teen is not at the same developmental level as that of an adult. Therefore, young people will need adult help to explore the interface of Catholicism and American citizenship as developed in this Episode. The clips and lessons herein provide valuable tools for just such an exercise: catechetical sessions that offer (by discussion, reflection, role play, prayer, etc.) opportunities for young people to prepare themselves for those times in life when they will be in the heat of a situation and need a moral compass in good working order from which to take direction.

1 See entire document at www.uccsb.org/faithfulcitizenship/FCStatement (can be downloaded as a pdf file)

THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA (See page 10 for other Film Clips regarding this topic. See page 4 for table of contents)

THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA THEATRICAL MONTAGE (NOT RATED) Who Are We? “The Spirit of America” 3:00

Grade Level: Secondary Audio: English Subtitles: English/Spanish Teaser Question: What is the Spirit of America? * Before you begin… Lesson Plan #1 is different from all the others in this 8-DVD series because it is based not on an individual film or single clip, but on a montage composed of brief scenes from many films. The purpose of beginning Episode 8: “Being a Faithful Citizen” this way is to spark curiosity about what constitutes the “spirit of America.” More important, the montage is meant to provide a context for discovering what it means to be both a believing/ practicing Catholic and an American citizen – all at the same time – in today’s society.

SYNOPSIS: In response to the tragic events that took place on September 11, 2001, Film Clips Spirit of America commissioned Academy Award-winning filmmaker Chuck Workman to create a 3-minute montage of film clips from the history of movies that celebrate the spirit of America. Presented as a gift from the entertainment community to America, it played on more than 10,000 screens throughout the United States.

FILM STATS: This is a film from Film Clips Spirit of America; Created by Chuck Workman; Produced by Michael Rhodes.

Note to teachers/catechists -- Some students will recognize certain films and/or actors; others will not. Help them to understand that what they are viewing is a montage of snippets from a wide array of American movies throughout the history of filmmaking. In a scant three minutes, the montage gives a peek into the way certain Hollywood films reflect the vitality of the American spirit. Pay close attention to the words that appear beneath the visuals: diversity, defiance, work, family, home, heroism, patriotism, style, character, pride, and courage. They will be at the center of your initial discussion.

VIEW THE CLIP: The film clip can be viewed once at the beginning of the lesson and several more times after the initial viewing, depending on need. Journaling or just taking random notes before starting the discussion may help some students to collect their thoughts. The teacher/catechist can determine the best way to use the clip so that it will serve both the needs of the students and the point of the lesson.

GETTING STARTED: (Can use some or all questions) What’s going on in this scene? OR What do you see/hear happening in this scene? OR With which character (if any) do you identify? Why?

NEXT: Is it important to others that you do your best? Why?

What meaning can you give to each of the following words used in the montage to reflect the American spirit? Diversity ----- Defiance ----- Work ----- Family ----- Home ----- Heroism Patriotism ----- Style ----- Character ----- Pride ----- Courage

GOING DEEPER: How does each of the above words describe what it means to be an American? Is each word consistent or inconsistent with being a Catholic? Explain.

HOW CAN THIS “NOTABLE QUOTABLE” BELOW HELP US? “I am a better American because I am a Catholic; I am a better Catholic because I am an American.” Isaac Hecker, 19th Century American Catholic priest; founder of the Paulist Fathers, a community of Catholic priests whose mission is to promote justice, healing and reconciliation; to work for Christian unity; and to transform cultures by Gospel values

Does the above statement from Fr. Isaac Hecker in the 19th Century impact the American Catholic in the 21st Century? Can we make the same statement as he? Explain.

FOR WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA” (CLICK HERE TO SEE PAGE 8)

WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA2”

For Christians, the Bible is THE sacred book, divided into two parts (Old Testament, or Hebrew Scriptures, and New Testament, or Christian Scriptures), composed by many different human authors, and inspired by the Holy Spirit. The selections from ”Christianity” and “Judaism” below come from the Catholic translation known as the New American Bible (the same as that used in Mass and all other sacramental liturgies). It is important to note that the selection from “Judaism” below comes from the text of Scripture that Judaism and Catholic Christianity hold in common.

However, many other faith traditions throughout the world have produced written records of their own beliefs and/or reflections on the practice of faith in one’s everyday life. Listing these here as well will assist the teacher/catechist to draw on a wealth of wisdom when engaging the students in dialog about this theme.

Christianity Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king. 1st Peter:2:17

Judaism I learned much from my teachers, more from my companions, and even more from my students. Rabbi Yehuda ha-Nasi

Islam In their property was a portion dedicated to the beggar and to the disinherited. Qur'an (51.19)

Special Thanks to: William Gallington: Universal Spiritual Thoughts, Ilene Cooper: The Golden Rule, Munir Shaikh: Writer, UCLA2 Doctoral Student

Hinduism If proudly honored, do not rejoice; and do no sorrow. Mahabharata

Buddhism Anger in a wise man is never justified. Jatakas 351

Shinto Decisions on important matters should not be made by one person alone. Nihongi XXII

Confucianism Men must be decided on what they will NOT do and then they are able to act with vigour in what they ought to do. Mencius 4

Zoroastrianism Exercise choice at one's own free will. Yasna 31.11

Taoism The wise man does not teach by words but by deeds. Tao The Ching 2

Sikhism The just decisions should be thy prayers. Adi Granth

Bahá'í It is through your deeds that you can distinguish yourself from others. Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh

Native American Religions Our fathers gave us many laws which they had learned from their fathers. They told us to treat all men as they treated us. That we should never be the first to break a bargain. That it was a disgrace to tell a lie. That we should speak only the truth. We were taught to believe that the Great Spirit sees and hears everything and that he never forgets. This I believe and all my people believe the same. ...Thunder Rolling in the Mountains-Chief Joseph, Nez Perce

African Traditional Religions If we become aware that each one of us is an aspect of the face of God - like the facet of a diamond - then we can adore God in brotherhood and mutual love. Khaled Bentounès, Berber/Taureg

FILM CLIPS ABOUT “THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA” FROM OTHER EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

EPISODE 1: HONESTY COOPERATION RESPECT Antz Because Z loses interest in cooperating with the other ants on his team, a disaster strikes.

Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Because a small hobbit (Frodo) volunteers to take the ring to Mordor so it can be destroyed, others are inspired to join him.

Apollo 13 The crew of the Apollo 13 must overcome their differences and work together in order to manually put the ship on the right course for its return to earth.

Ice Age A team of animals works together to save a human baby, but is betrayed by one of their own.

X-Men Xavier introduces the school for mutants where students soon discover that everyone is unique.

Boundin’ A jackrabbit helps a recently shorn sheep look on the bright side.

Remember the Titans Coach Boon informs the members of his team that unless they get to know each other, he will assign extra practices.

Babe Fly, the female sheepdog, tells Babe to do whatever it takes to make the sheep listen to him, but Babe learns how to accomplish the task by being polite.

EPISODE 2: KINDNESS SELF-CONTROL GOOD SPORTSMANSHIP Chariots of Fire Harold Abrams is devastated by his loss to Eric Liddell. He tells his best friend, “If I can’t win, I won’t run.”

The Legend of Bagger Vance During a championship golf match Bagger Vance causes his ball to move when he brushes a twig out of the way. Only Bagger and his youngest fan are witnesses.

The Mighty Ducks The coach of the hockey team tells one of his players to cheat in order to win. The player refuses.

Sandlot The captain of the sandlot baseball team invites a “new kid” to join, even though the “new kid” is a mediocre player.

Seabiscuit Tom Smith tells Charles Howard that the seriously injured horse Tom is caring for is still worth something. “You don’t throw away a whole life just ‘cause he’s banged up a little.”

Forrest Gump Young Jenny offers young Forrest a place to sit next to her on the bus after everyone else refuses.

Charlotte’s Web Wilbur the pig tries to enlist the help of Templeton the rat in saving Charlotte’s egg sack. The problem is that Templeton doesn’t help anyone unless there is something in it for him.

Bend it Like Beckham During a game, Jess reacts angrily when the opposition player uses a racial slur against her.

Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius When aliens abduct all the parents in Jimmy Neutron’s Neighborhood, the young people go wild

Seabiscuit Red is fouled in a race. He strikes back and both riders lose the race. Afterward, the owner and trainer talk to Red about what happened.

EPISODE 3: COURAGE PERSEVERANCE LOYALTY Star Wars: The Phantom Menace The Council tests Anakin Skywalker and finds that his fear is blocking his Force.

Indiana Jones and The Last Crusade Despite much uncertainty and fear, Indy chooses to step out in faith over a yawning chasm with no visible bridge in order to save his father.

Wizard of Oz The Lion tries to appear brave though he later admits that he is a coward.

The Secret Life of Zoey Zoey’s best friend tells Zoey’s mother that Zoey is mixed up with a bad crowd and needs help.

Shrek Shrek and Donkey get into a fight over the Princess’ secret, but Donkey sticks around saying, “That’s what friends are for.”

School of Rock Dewey’s band mates kick him out of the band Dewey started because Dewey is an embarrassment and his membership in the band keeps them from winning the battle of the bands.

Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Sam carries his friend, the exhausted Frodo, up Mount Doom so that Frodo can destroy the ring.

Monsters, Inc. Sully, the monster, comforts Boo by sitting in front of the bedroom closet, which Boo fears is where monsters come from.

School of Rock In a speech to his class, Dewey claims that the “Man” will never let them succeed, so they might as well not try. His students don’t know what to make of Dewey.

Chariots of Fire Eric Liddell stumbles and falls during a race, but gets back up and wins.

Parenthood A little league baseball coach sends his son into the game even though his son isn’t very good. Some of the players complain.

EPISODE 4: KNOWING YOURSELF FACING PEER PRESSURE UNDERSTANDING BULLIES Dead Poets Society An unorthodox English teacher challenges his students to discover their uniqueness.

Back to the Future Marty sees his father tortured by a bully and wonders why his father let it happen.

A Walk to Remember On the school bus a girl is challenged by one of the most popular boys. She tells him that she has no intention of changing to suit him.

Drumline At an early morning practice the bandmaster states that each member is responsible for the welfare and behavior of the other members.

Sky High At a party, a girl is told that her boyfriend has rejected her for a member of the popular crowd.

A Christmas Story A grade school boy is dared to touch his tongue to a freezing cold flagpole.

Mean Girls A new student is told the “rules” for being a member of the popular crowd.

EPISODE 5: PRIDE CITIZENSHIP HONOR Akeelah and the Bee In the finals of a spelling bee, a contender intentionally misses a word and is confronted by her opponent.

Star Trek: First Contact The inventor of warp drive is told he is destined to be a great hero…even if he says he wants nothing to do with that destiny.

Napoleon Dynamite Rex, the martial arts instructor, attempts to sell his program for self-esteem to Napoleon and Kip.

The Rookie The coach of an uninspired baseball team explains to the players that doing their best now will influence their success in life down the road.

War Games A student hacks into school records and changes grades.

It’s a Wonderful Life George and Mary Bailey commit their own funds to guarantee deposits in the Savings and Loan and prevent bankruptcy.

Eight Men Out A player for the White Sox shares his suspicion that his teammates are cheating.

Batman Begins After a long absence Bruce Wayne meets Rachel at a posh hotel. She challenges Bruce to act upon the positive values he insists exist within himself.

The Ant Bully Lucas and Zoc, an ant warrior, discuss how their respective societies deal with diversity and violence.

Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home Spock struggles to understand why his teammates would risk their own lives to save him. Spock's mother explains, "The good of the one outweighed the good of the many."

The World Trade Center At the end of the film, at a “welcome home” party, John McLoughlin reflects: “It’s all about ... people taking care of other people, for no other reason than it’s the right thing to do.”

EPISODE 6: VISION FORGIVENESS EMPATHY (THE GOLDEN RULE) Billy Madison Billy asks a man to whom he was mean years ago for forgiveness.

Star Trek: The Undiscovered Country At the beginning of the film Kirk reflects on whether he can put aside his hatred of the Borgs, who are responsible for the death of Kirk’s son, in order to negotiate a peace agreement.

Antwone Fisher After dinner at Dr. Davenport’s home, Antwone is told he needs to forgive his family in order to survive.

Kicking and Screaming Phil Weston finally apologizes to his son for his out-of-control and insensitive coaching.

Truman Show Truman comes face to face with the reality that his entire life is not what he believed it was.

Coach Carter A basketball coach challenges his team to consider what it will take to achieve their dreams.

The Great Outdoors Two brothers-in-law have very different perceptions of a mountain lake.

Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Captain Kirk reflects on his final voyage as the Enterprise sails off into the unknown future.

Bringing Down the House When his daughter describes her night at a frat party, her father tries with great difficulty to be a non-judgmental listener.

The Incredibles As an insurance adjuster, Bob Parr shows mercy to a distressed policyholder. His boss warns Bob not to be too generous.

Teen Wolf Scott goes to his coach for some advice about quitting the team, but the coach is in no mood to listen.

Bridge to Terabithia On the school bus, Leslie explains to Jesse how she made friends with their tormentor by empathizing with her.

EPISODE 7: MAKING A DIFFERENCE TEAMWORK CARING FOR OTHERS Pay it Forward: “The assignment” A social studies teacher challenges his class to look at the world and come up with a way to fix the things they don’t like.

Pay it Forward: “It has to be something big” Trevor, a member of the class, presents his concept of “Pay it Forward” as a means of changing the world for the better.

Pay it Forward: “It’s not fair” Trevor tells his teacher that his plan for “Pay if Forward” hasn’t worked as well as he hoped. Remember the Titans: “Rule it like Titans” Coach Boone outlines the challenges of playing as a truly integrated football team.

Remember the Titans: "If you survive" Coach Boon addresses the young men who wish to try out for places on the football team. He warns them that as coach he is the law. Everyone who survives football camp will be on the team, “If you survive!”

Remember the Titans: “Go give it to him" In a crucial game, a player asks Coach Yoast to replace him with another player who has an attitude but is better than he is.

Remember the Titans: “Make sure they remember” Titans Coach Bill Yoast confronts a game referee about his prejudicial calls. Afterward Yoast challenges his players to fight on with renewed discipline and commitment.

Into the Arms of Strangers: “Ursula’s birthday party” Ursula Rosenfeld describes her 8th birthday party as a Jewish child in Germany the year Hitler came to power. Although she invited many non-Jewish friends, none came.

Into the Arms of Strangers: “Kurt meets his foster family” Kurt Fuchel and his British foster mother describe getting to know each other.

Into the Arms of Strangers: "I was meant to survive" A Jewish survivor of World War II reflects on the purpose of his life.

Into the Arms of Strangers: “A promise every parent made” Kindertransport survivors recall the courageous heartbreaking choices their parents made to protect them

SOLIDARITY (See page 27 for other Film Clips regarding this topic. See page 4 for table of contents)

GLORY (R) Solidarity 3:02 Grade Level: Secondary Audio: English Subtitles: English/Spanish Teaser Question: What would you have done? Why? Note to teacher/catechist – When it was released in 1989, “Glory” initially received a rating of “R” for violence because of its realistic depiction of Civil War carnage in some scenes. This film is one of only three exceptions to the philosophy of the creators of this youth faith formation series (see the accompanying downloadable document, “How to Use This Series”) for use of clips from films rated no greater than PG-13. There is NO R-rated material in this scene.

SYNOPSIS: Glory is based on the letters of Colonel Robert G. Shaw, an officer in the Federal Army during the American Civil War, who volunteered to lead the first company of black soldiers. Shaw, a white man, was forced to deal with the prejudices of both the enemy (who had orders to kill the commanding officers of blacks), and his own fellow officers.

In this scene, Colonel Shaw informs the troops of his all-black company that they are to be paid less than white troops.

FILM STATS: This is a film from TriStar Pictures; Directed by Edward Zwick; Written by Kevin Jarre (based on books by Lincoln Kirstein, Lay This Laurel, and Peter Burchard, One Gallant Rush, and the letters of Civil War Colonel Robert Gould Shaw); Produced by Freddie Fields; Starring Matthew Broderick, Denzel Washington, Cary Elwes, and Morgan Freeman.

GETTING STARTED: (Can use some or all questions) What’s going on in this scene? OR What do you see/hear happening in this scene? OR With which character (if any) do you identify? Why?

NEXT: What is the unfair situation happening in this scene? What makes it unfair? What would you have done? Why?

GOING DEEPER: The theme of this lesson is “Solidarity.” And one of the character strengths of the American people is captured in the phrase “United We Stand.” What do both of these concepts mean?

In the film clip, what did the black soldiers risk in standing together like this?

What, if anything, did the white commander risk in taking his stand?

What would you have done…

…If you had been a soldier in this company?

…If you had been the commander?

MAKING CHOICES! (All Students) Sometimes teachers unfairly punish the whole class for something that only one or a few students may have done. Sadly, they do this in the hope that peer pressure or guilt might force the offender(s) out into the open. In a situation like this, what should the innocent students do? Point the finger at the offender(s)? Keep silent and “take one for the team,” so to speak? Other ideas?

HOW CAN THESE SCRIPTURE PASSAGES HELP US? “And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand.” (Mark 3: 25)

“For if we have grown into union with him [Jesus Christ] through a death like his, we shall also be united with him in the resurrection.” (Romans 6:5)

“I urge you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree in what you say, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and in the same purpose.” (1 Corinthians 1:10)

“…complete my joy by being of the same mind, with the same love, united in heart, thinking one thing.” (Philippians 2:2)

HOW CAN JESUS HELP US? (Younger students might like to act out these selections before the discussion.) Read these three similar selections (Matthew 5:15ff.; Mark 4:21ff.; Luke11:33ff.) and decide what advice Jesus is giving us about using one’s talents appropriately.

THINGS TO DO AT HOME!!! (Some or all of these can be adapted or converted into in-class activities.)

1. NOTABLE QUOTABLES ACTIVITY Write a journal entry or have a discussion with family or friends, reflecting on one or more of the following quotations, and be ready to report back next time.

Colonel Shaw: “If you men will take no pay, then none of us will.” Glory

“All for One, One for All” inverted from the original "One for All, All for One," the motto of the heroes in Alexander Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers; also the unofficial motto of Switzerland

“Remember, and help America remember, that the fellowship of human beings is more important than the fellowship of race and class and gender in a democratic society.” Marian Wright Edelman, contemporary American; activist for the rights of children; founder of the Children’s Defense Fund as a voice for poor, minority and disabled children; her Baptist minister father instilled in her that being a Christian obligates one to service.

“No one who achieves success does so without acknowledging the help of others. The wise and confident acknowledge this help with gratitude.” Alfred North Whitehead, 19th-20th Century British mathematician and philosopher

“The purpose of human life is to serve and to show compassion and the will to help others.” Albert Schweitzer, 19th-20th Century German medical missionary, theologian, musician and philosopher; 1952 Nobel Peace Prize recipient

2. PRAYER ACTIVITY (All Students) The following prayer composed by St. Teresa of Avila points to what St. Paul describes (in his Letter to the Romans) as the reality of our union with Christ. Her prayer reminds us that Christ is manifest in and to the world through us. Spend a week praying this daily. However, instead of using the word “yours,” replace it with “mine.” Be respectful of the privilege you have that this prayer articulates.

"Christ has no body now, but yours. No hands, no feet on earth, but yours. Yours are the eyes through which Christ looks compassion into the world. Yours are the feet with which Christ walks to do good. Yours are the hands with which Christ blesses the world."

St. Teresa of Avila, 16th Century Spaniard; Carmelite nun, writer; Doctor of the Church3

3 “Doctor of the Church” is a title conferred by various popes throughout the ages on 33 saints (to date) whose teachings and writings have had a marked impact on Church theology or doctrine.

3. MEDIA MINDFULNESS ACTIVITY (All Students) Watch a representative sample of different kinds of TV shows for a week or so, looking for examples of solidarity. Make a list. Are all of the examples positive depictions of solidarity? Be prepared for a class discussion.

4. FAITH-IN-ACTION ACTIVITY (All Students) Famously in 1980, Lech Wałęsa and others formed what came to be known as “Solidarity,” an anti-Communist social movement (trade union) of workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdańsk, Poland. Its membership was composed of numerous Catholics, and Pope John Paul II (of Polish heritage himself) drew on the basic principles of Catholic Social Teaching to support this union. He is credited for being a major player in its success. It was an unprecedented event, a break with the hard-line positions and methods of the Communist “Polish United Workers’ Party.” Non-violence was a governing principle of “Solidarity,” and the movement served to inspire an intensification of anti-Communist ideals and a weakening of Communist governments throughout Eastern Europe. Wałęsa went on to be elected President of Poland in 1990.

Do some research about this and other movements in which oppressed or under- served people are brought together and supported by an inspirational leader who helps them stand together for what they believe and/or deserve. See Cesar Chavez, Nelson Mandela, St. Joan of Arc, Máiread Corrigan-Maguire and Betty Williams, Dom Hélder Câmara, to name a few.

FOR WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “SOLIDARITY” (CLICK HERE TO SEE PAGE 25)

APPS: OT: Chosen People; Israelites’ trek across the desert NT: Discipleship Christology; Saints and Martyrs; Catholic Social Teaching; Moral Decision-Making; Conscience-Formation

WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “SOLIDARITY”4

This time the selections from ”Christianity” and “Judaism” below, unlike those in other Episodes, do not come from the Catholic translation of the Bible (NAB). Rather, they are taken from the writings of two men with first-hand knowledge and experience of the horrors of the World War II Nazi Holocaust. They invite us to live in the present and look to the future without forgetting the past.

Many other faith traditions throughout the world have produced written records of their own beliefs and/or reflections on the practice of faith in one’s everyday life. Listing these here as well will assist the teacher/catechist to draw on a wealth of wisdom when engaging the students in dialog about this theme.

Christianity In Germany they came first for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left to speak up. - Martin Niemöller, 20th Century German; anti-Nazi theologian and Lutheran pastor

Judaism This is the duty of our generation as we enter the twenty-first century -- solidarity with the weak, the persecuted, the lonely, the sick, and those in despair. It is expressed by the desire to give a noble and humanizing meaning to a community in which all members will define themselves not by their own identity but by that of others. Elie Wiesel, contemporary Romanian-born Jewish-American; writer, professor, political activist, Holocaust survivor; won Nobel Peace Prize in 1986

Special Thanks to: William Gallington: Universal Spiritual Thoughts, Ilene Cooper: The Golden Rule, Munir Shaikh: Writer, 4UCLA Doctoral Student

Islam Mankind was but one people. Koran 2.209

Buddhism If you do not tend one another, who is there who will attend you? The Buddha

Hinduism One satisfies his debt to his fellow men by doing good to them. Mahabharata 12.293.10 The Laws of Manu 8:15

Confucianism In life we should be of use to others. Li Ki 2.1.3.22

Sikhism Let it be known that mankind is one, that all men belong to a single humanity. Dasam Granth

Bahá'í The earth is but one Country, and mankind its citizens. Writings of Bahá'u'lláh CXIV

Zoroastrianism Afford help to the helpless. Avesta

Shinto All men are brothers; all receive the blessings of the same heaven. Munetada Shinto.

Native American Religions Before eating, always take time to thank the food. Arapaho

African Traditional Religions Alive, we live in the same house or under the same roof. Dead, we rest in the same tomb. (English) Malagasy (Madagascar) Proverb

FILM CLIPS ABOUT “SOLIDARITY” FROM OTHER EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

EPISODE 1: HONESTY COOPERATION RESPECT Ice Age A team of animals work together to save a human baby, but are betrayed by one of their own.

Antz Because Z loses interest in cooperating with the other ants on his team, a disaster strikes.

Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Because a small hobbit (Frodo) volunteers to take the ring to Mordor so it can be destroyed, others are inspired to join him.

Apollo 13 The crew of the Apollo 13 must overcome their differences and work together in order to manually put the ship on the right course for its return to earth.

Remember the Titans Coach Boon informs the members of his team that unless they get to know each other, he will assign extra practices.

EPISODE 2: KINDNESS SELF-CONTROL GOOD SPORTSMANSHIP Sandlot The captain of the sandlot baseball team invites a “new kid” to join, even though the “new kid” is a mediocre player.

EPISODE 3: COURAGE PERSEVERANCE LOYALTY Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Sam carries his friend, the exhausted Frodo, up Mount Doom so that Frodo can destroy the ring.

School of Rock Dewey’s band mates kick him out of the band Dewey started because Dewey is an embarrassment and his membership in the band keeps them from winning the battle of the bands.

The Addams Family Having lost their home to crooks, Morticia gives her family a pep talk, insisting, “We will survive.”

EPISODE 4: KNOWING YOURSELF FACING PEER PRESSURE UNDERSTANDING BULLIES Mean Girls A new student is told the “rules” for being a member of the popular crowd.

Drumline At an early morning practice the bandmaster states that each member is responsible for the welfare and behavior of the other members.

The Ant Bully A boy who has been bullied takes out his anger on ants.

EPISODE 5: PRIDE CITIZENSHIP HONOR Eight Men Out A player for the White Sox shares his suspicion that his teammates are cheating.

It’s a Wonderful Life A man and wife risk everything to protect the savings of members of the Savings and Loan.

The Ant Bully Lucas and Zoc, an ant warrior, discuss how their respective societies deal with diversity and violence.

World Trade Center At the end of the film, at a “welcome home” party, John McLoughlin reflects: “It’s all about ... people taking care of other people, for no other reason than it’s the right thing to do.”

EPISODE 6: VISION FORGIVENESS EMPATHY (THE GOLDEN RULE) Star Trek: The Undiscovered Country At the beginning of the film Kirk reflects on whether he can put aside his hatred of the Borgs, who are responsible for the death of Kirk’s son, in order to negotiate a peace agreement.

The Incredibles As an insurance adjuster, Bob Parr shows mercy to a distressed policyholder. His boss warns Bob not to be too generous.

EPISODE 7: MAKING A DIFFERENCE TEAMWORK CARING FOR OTHERS Remember the Titans: “Rule it like Titans” Coach Boone outlines the challenges of playing as a truly integrated football team.

Remember the Titans: “Go give it to him” In a crucial game, a player asks Coach Yoast to replace him with another player who has an attitude but is better than he is.

INTEGRITY (See page 39 for other Film Clips regarding this topic. See page 4 for table of contents)

IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE (NOT RATED) Integrity 7:32 Grade Level: Secondary Audio: English Subtitles: English/Spanish Teaser Question: What is at stake in this scene? SYNOPSIS: This film tells the story of George Bailey who had always dreamed of traveling to far-off lands but has never made it out of his quiet birthplace of Bedford Falls, NY. Many responsibilities have kept him at home, especially his family savings and loan association, which has supported the local citizenry by helping many of the poor folks in town buy homes and also by standing up to the greed of the local banker, Mr. Potter. A crisis threatens to bring George’s business and his dreams to a crashing halt, eventually plunging him into a despair that almost leads to suicide. Clarence, an “Angel 2nd Class,” saves George and shows him what life might have been like without him.

In this scene, George and his new wife, Mary, are about to embark on their honeymoon when they discover that there is a “run”5 on his small savings and loan. George tries to tell the depositors that their money is safe, but they aren’t convinced. At the instigation of his wife, George uses the money they had saved for their honeymoon to make good on his depositor’s claims.

FILM STATS: This is a film from Paramount Pictures; Directed by Frank Capra; Written by Frances Goodrich, Albert Hackett, and Frank Capra; Produced by Frank Capra; Starring James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, Thomas Mitchell, and Henry Travers.

A crisis-driven and immediate demand of all bank customers to withdraw their funds at the same time because of fear that the 5bank will become insolvent

GETTING STARTED: (Can use some or all questions) What’s going on in this scene? OR What do you see/hear happening in this scene? OR With which character (if any) do you identify? Why?

NEXT: What is at stake for George? What is at stake for the other people in the film clip? What caused George’s customers to trust him?

GOING DEEPER: What is integrity? Describe some traits of people with integrity. Did any of the characters in the scene display integrity? Explain.

MAKING CHOICES! (All Students) “Sexting” (that is, sending sexually-charged text messages) is rampant on many middle school and high school campuses. So are things like crude sexual innuendo on students’ blogs and/or Facebook pages, as well as the ever-present low- tech scribblings on restroom doors, etc. Clearly, (1) the integrity of human beings is being trashed by this practice; (2) this is immoral behavior; and (3) it is antithetical to everything Christ leaches about the nobility of human beings and what it means to be a disciple.

The Constitution of the United States of America6 prevents Congress from enacting laws that would restrict someone’s right to free speech. However, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.7 is reputed to have said, “The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins,” meaning my rights end where yours begin. Catholic Social Teaching places great emphasis on the sacredness of life and the dignity of the human person8. Putting all of the above together, what can collaborations between student governments and school administrations (or parish religious education students and their catechetical leaders) do to eliminate – or, at the very least, minimize – the assault on human dignity perpetrated by these sexually explicit practices?

HOW CAN THIS SCRIPTURE PASSAGE HELP US? “…showing yourself as a model of good deeds in every respect, with integrity in your teaching, dignity, and sound speech…” (Titus 2:7)

HOW CAN JESUS HELP US? (Younger students might like to act out these selections before the discussion.) Read Matthew 27:28, Matthew 27:31, Mark 15:20 In an attempt to strip him of his dignity, the authorities strip him of his clothes. What can we learn from Jesus’ behavior at this moment in his life?

or 6abridging the freedom of speech First Amendment: “Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; , or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for 7a redress of grievances.” Mr. Justice Holmes -‐ (1841 1935) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932 who affected much subsequent 8 legal thinking. See “Themes of Catholic Social Teaching” at http://www.usccb.org/sdwp/projects/socialteaching/excerpt.shtml

THINGS TO DO AT HOME!!! (Some or all of these can be adapted or converted into in-class activities.)

1. NOTABLE QUOTABLES ACTIVITY Write a journal entry or have a discussion with family or friends, reflecting on one or more of the following quotations and be ready to report back next time.

“All you can take with you is that which you’ve given away.” Sign on wall of George’s office; It’s a Wonderful Life

“One of the truest tests of integrity is its blunt refusal to be compromised.” Chinua Achebe, contemporary Nigerian writer

“Never separate the life you live from the words you speak.” Paul Wellstone, 20th-21st Century American; Senator from Minnesota from 1991 until his death in a plane crash in 2002

“Have the courage to say no. Have the courage to face the truth. Do the right thing because it’s right. These are the magic keys to living life with integrity.” W. Clement Stone, 20th-21st Century American; businessman, philanthropist, and self- help book author

“Integrity has no need of rules.” Albert Camus; 20th Century French novelist, essayist, and playwright; recipient of 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature

“When I give food to the poor, they call me a saint. When I ask why the poor have no food, they call me a Communist.” Dom Hélder Câmara, 20th Century Brazilian; Roman Catholic archbishop; advocate for the urban poor

“I am not my own; I have given myself to Jesus. He must be my only love. The state of helpless poverty that may befall me if I do not marry does not frighten me. All I need is a little food and few pieces of clothing. With the work of my hands I shall always earn what is necessary and what is left over I’ll give to my relatives and to the poor.” Blessed Kateri Tekawitha, 17th Century American Indian; known as the “Lily of the Mohawks”

2. PRAYER ACTIVITY (All Students) Compose a prayer for all whose dignity is being assaulted in today’s world – in human trafficking, in pornography, in elder or child abuse, in war, in financial or real estate scams, in medical malpractice, etc. Pray also for the perpetrators, that they may experience the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, that they may repent, and that they may have a change of heart. Pray it daily for a week.

3. MEDIA MINDFULNESS ACTIVITY (All Students) For the next class, bring five (5) examples of “integrity” that you find in contemporary song lyrics. Be prepared to contribute your findings to a class discussion.

4. FAITH-IN-ACTION ACTIVITY (All Students) Plan a group or class project in which you decide the criteria for an “Integrity Award” to be conferred on a leader in your school, parish, local community, or (arch)diocese. Under the leadership of your teacher/catechist and with the permission of your principal/director, create the award and plan the ceremony of conferral. Then issue an invitation to the recipient and move forward with the plan for a class meeting or student assembly in which to present the award.

FOR WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “INTEGRITY” (CLICK HERE TO SEE PAGE 36)

APPS: OT: Naomi and Ruth; NT: Jesus’ response to authority figures Christology; Saints and Martyrs; Prayer and Spirituality; Catholic Social Teaching; Moral Decision-Making; Conscience-Formation

WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “INTEGRITY”9

Christianity There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free person, there is not male and female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendant, heirs according to the promise. Galatians 3:28-28

Judaism I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. Choose life. Deuteronomy 30.19

Islam And give full measure when ye measure out, and weigh with a right balance; that is better and a fairer determination. Qur’an: Sura 17

Special Thanks to: William Gallington: Universal Spiritual Thoughts, Ilene Cooper: The Golden Rule, Munir Shaikh: Writer, 9UCLA Doctoral Student

Buddhism Just as treasures are uncovered from the Earth; so virtue appears from good deeds, and wisdom appears from a pure and peaceful mind. To walk surely through the maze of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and the guidance of virtue. The Buddha

Shinto Do not forget the profound goodness of the kami, through which calamity and misfortunes are averted and sickness is healed. Shinto saying

Hinduism He who does not seek to cause the sufferings of bonds and death to living creatures, but desires the good of all beings, obtains endless bliss. The Laws of Manu 5: 46

Confucianism The great Shun had a still greater delight in what was good. He regarded virtue as the common property of himself and others, giving up his own way to follow that of others, and delighting to learn from others to practice what was good. The Book of Mencius 6: f-3

Taoism Right and wrong they confound… Evildoers call crooked what is straight, straight what is crooked. Treatise on Response & Retribution, part 3

Sikhism Those who serve, those who serve my Dear Lord, are absorbed into the Being of the Lord. Guru Granth Sahib, So Purakh: 2

Bahá'í O Son of Spirit! The best beloved of all things in My sight is Justice; turn not away therefrom if thou desirest Me, and neglect it not that I may confide in thee. The Hidden Words: Arabic #2

Zoroastrianism The sage asked the spirit of wisdom thus: "Which land is the unhappier?" The spirit of wisdom answered thus: "That land is the more afflicted, in which hell is formed. The second, when they slay in it a righteous man who is innocent." Manog-i Khrad 6: 1-5

Native American Religions Force, no matter how concealed, begets violence. Lakota

African Traditional Religions Ashes fly back in the face of him who throws them. African Traditional Religions. Yoruba Proverb (Nigeria)

FILM CLIPS ABOUT “INTEGRITY” FROM OTHER EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

EPISODE 1: HONESTY COOPERATION RESPECT Liar Liar The son of a fast track lawyer makes a birthday wish that his father will not lie for 24 hours. When his wish comes true, his father tries desperately to get his son to change his wish.

Cool Runnings An Olympic bobsled coach attempts to explain why he cheated in an important race.

Big Fat Liar Jason Shepherd has a history of telling tall tails. Now he says he is telling the truth. Will anyone believe him?

Antz Because Z loses interest in cooperating with the other ants on his team, a disaster strikes.

Ice Age A team of animals work together to save a human baby, but are betrayed by one of their own.

Babe Fly, the female sheepdog tells Babe to do whatever it takes to make the sheep listen to him, but Babe learns how to accomplish the task by being polite.

EPISODE 2: KINDNESS SELF-CONTROL GOOD SPORTSMANSHIP The Legend of Bagger Vance During a championship golf match Bagger Vance causes his ball to move when he brushes a twig out of the way. Only Bagger and his youngest fan are witnesses.

The Mighty Ducks The coach of the hockey team tells one of his players to cheat in order to win. The player refuses.

Sandlot The captain of the sandlot baseball team invites a “new kid” to join, even though the “new kid” is a mediocre player.

Forrest Gump Young Jenny offers young Forrest a place to sit on the bus next to her after everyone else refuses.

Bend it Like Beckham During a game, Jess reacts angrily when the opposition player uses a racial slur against her.

Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius When aliens abduct all the parents in Jimmy Neutron’s Neighborhood, the young people go wild.

Seabiscuit Red is fouled in a race. He strikes back and both riders lose the race. Afterward, the owner and trainer talk to Red about what happened.

EPISODE 3: COURAGE PERSEVERANCE LOYALTY The Secret Life of Zoey Zoey’s best friend tells Zoey’s mother that Zoey is mixed up with a bad crowd and needs help.

EPISODE 4: KNOWING YOURSELF FACING PEER PRESSURE UNDERSTANDING BULLIES Teen Wolf A father tells his son that his family is part werewolf and urges his son to use his power responsibly.

A Walk to Remember On the school bus a girl is challenged by one of the most popular boys. She tells him that she has no intention of changing to suit him.

Hoot A new student confronts the person who has bullied him and insists they talk things out.

The War The father of a boy who has been humiliated by bullies gives the bullies a gift.

EPISODE 5: PRIDE CITIZENSHIP HONOR Akeelah and the Bee In the finals of a spelling bee, a contender intentionally misses a word and is confronted by her opponent.

War Games A student hacks into school records and changes grades.

It’s a Wonderful Life A man and wife risk everything to protect the savings of members of the Savings and Loan.

Eight Men Out A player for the White Sox shares his suspicion that his teammates are cheating.

Batman Begins After a long absence Bruce Wayne meets Rachel at a posh hotel. She challenges Bruce to act upon the positive values he insists exist within himself.

The Ant Bully Lucas and Zoc, an ant warrior, discuss how their respective societies deal with diversity and violence.

Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home Spock struggles to understand why his teammates would risk their own lives to save him. Spock's mother explains, "The good of the one outweighed the good of the many."

The Spirit of America An inspiring and challenging montage of short clips from the history of American movies explores American style and values.

EPISODE 6: VISION FORGIVENESS EMPATHY (THE GOLDEN RULE) Billy Madison Billy asks a man to whom he was mean years ago for forgiveness.

Kicking and Screaming Phil Weston finally apologizes to his son for his out-of-control and insensitive coaching.

Bringing Down the House When his daughter describes her night at a frat party, her father tries with great difficulty to be a non-judgmental listener.

The Incredibles As an insurance adjuster, Bob Parr shows mercy to a distressed policyholder. His boss warns Bob not to be too generous.

Teen Wolf Scott goes to his coach for some advice about quitting the team, but the coach is in no mood to listen.

Bridge to Terabithia On the school bus, Leslie explains to Jesse how she made friends with their tormentor by empathizing with her.

EPISODE 7: MAKING A DIFFERENCE TEAMWORK CARING FOR OTHERS Pay it Forward: "It's not fair" Trevor tells his teacher that his plan for “Pay if Forward” hasn’t worked as well as he hoped.

Remember the Titans: “Rule it like Titans” Coach Boone outlines the challenges of playing as a truly integrated football team.

Remember the Titans: “Go give it to him” In a crucial game, a player asks Coach Yoast to replace him with another player who has an attitude, but is better than he is.

Into the Arms of Strangers: “Kurt meets his foster family” Kurt Fuchel and his British foster mother describe getting to know each other.

DEFIANCE (See page 55 for other Film Clips regarding this topic. See page 4 for table of contents)

BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY (R) Defiance 4:45 Grade Level: Secondary Audio: English Subtitles: English/Spanish Teaser Question: When is it right to defy the crowd? Notes to teacher/catechist – 1. This is the second exception to the general policy of this series to use films no higher than PG-13. The film is rated R for graphic violence in war and protest scenes as well as for sexual implications in other scenes. However, no R-rated material appears in this clip. 2. This scene replicates a moment in history at the site of the national convention of the Republican Party where their candidate for president, Richard Nixon, was selected (for a second term). 3. After viewing this clip, students may be tempted to state their political thoughts and feelings, either about the people and events in 1972 or about current political issues or politicians. It will be the duty of the teacher/catechist to prevent students from derailing the discussion of the topic of this lesson, which is “defiance” and its place in one’s American citizenship and/or in one’s Catholicism. Remind the students that religion class is not the place to air partisan politics.

SYNOPSIS: This film is the biography of Ron Kovic, an American soldier, paralyzed in combat during the Vietnam War. He becomes a human rights and anti-war activist after feeling betrayed by the country for which he fought.

In this scene, set at the 1972 Republican Party Convention in Miami Beach, Florida, Kovic protests U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

FILM STATS: This is a film from Universal Studios; Directed by Oliver Stone; Written by Oliver Stone and Ron Kovic (based on his book); Produced by A. Kitman Ho, Lope V. Juban, Jr., and Oliver Stone; Starring Tom Cruise, Raymond J. Barry, Caroline Kava, Josh Evans, and Jamie Talisman.

GETTING STARTED: (Can use some or all questions) What’s going on in this scene? OR What do you see/hear happening in this scene? OR With which character (if any) do you identify? Why?

NEXT: How did you feel while viewing this film clip? Explain. Is it ever right to defy a crowd? Explain.

GOING DEEPER: Define or describe the words “protest” and “dissent.” Do protest and dissent have anything to do with changes in a society or community? Explain. If yes, can you think of any example(s)?

MAKING CHOICES! (Younger Students) Your friend says that students in her class are circulating a petition to present to the principal, saying that the policies for detention, suspension, and expulsion are too strict and don’t take into consideration legitimate circumstances that may have a bearing on lessening these punishments. The word around school is that the principal is none too pleased about the petition. Your friend believes that the students are right but is afraid of the principal and so is waffling about signing the petition. Any advice?

(Older Students) The football coach in your friend’s high school (where your friend is the quarterback) works his team hard and they win a lot of games. However, in very hot weather, the coach never lets up on the intensity of his after-school practices. This is taking a toll on some players, one of whom collapsed with heatstroke during a practice and needed to be hospitalized over-night. Your friend thinks the coach is overdoing it, focusing on winning at all costs, and is not taking the team members’ health into account as much as he should. He is about to confront the coach, knowing he is risking being punished – and will likely be dropped from the team -- for his defiance. Do you have any advice?

HOW CAN THESE SCRIPTURE PASSAGES HELP US? "Now, therefore, fear the Lord and serve him completely and sincerely. Cast out the gods your fathers served beyond the River and in Egypt, and serve the Lord. If it does not please you to serve the Lord, decide today whom you will serve, the gods your fathers served beyond the River or the gods of the Amorites in whose country you are dwelling. As for me and my household, we will serve the Lord." (Joshua 24: 14-15)

“…fear the Lord and turn away from evil.” (Proverbs 1:23)

A reminder to the teacher/catechist – “fear of the Lord” is not terror, but rather reverence.

“Whoever will not receive you or listen to your words – go outside that house or town and shake the dust from your feet.” (Matthew 10:14. See also Mark 6:11 and Luke 9:5)

Note to teacher/catechist – “shake the dust from your feet [or ‘from your sandals’]” is a metaphor for a complete dissociation from the unwelcoming community.

HOW CAN JESUS HELP US? (Younger students might like to act out these selections before the discussion.) Read John 18 33-37, Mark 15:1-5, Matthew 17:2ff, and Luke 23:1-3. In his appearance before Pilate, what can we learn from Jesus’ behavior?

THINGS TO DO AT HOME!!! (Some or all of these can be adapted or converted into in-class activities.)

1. NOTABLE QUOTABLES ACTIVITY Write a journal entry or have a discussion with family or friends, reflecting on one or more of the following quotations and be ready to report back next time.

Ron Kovic: “And we are here to say that we don’t have to take it anymore. We are here to say…we are here to tell the truth.” Born on the Fourth of July

“Once social change begins, it cannot be reversed. You cannot uneducate the person who has learned to read. You cannot humiliate the person who feels pride. You cannot oppress the people who are not afraid anymore. We have seen the future and the future is ours.” César Chávez, 20th Century American; civil rights activist and labor organizer; founder of National Farm Workers Association; with his co-worker, Dolores Huerta, he coined the slogan “Si, se puede,” meaning “Yes, it is possible” or “Yes, it can be done.”

“Nonviolence is not just for an elite few; it is for everyone. It is a way of life based on respect for each human person and for the environment. It is also a means of bringing about social and political change and resisting evil without entering into evil. It is a whole new way of thinking.” Máiread Corrigan-Maguire, contemporary Irish citizen; peace activist; with Betty Williams, co-founded the Community of Peace People to encourage a peaceful resolution of the “Troubles” in Northern Ireland; the two women were awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1976

“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” Excerpt from the 1964 “I Am Prepared to Die” speech by Nelson Mandela; contemporary South African activist against apartheid; spent 27 years in prison for human rights activism; 1993 recipient of Noel Peace Prize; South Africa’s first president –1994 to1999 -- under the then-new rule of multi-racial democracy

“He pointed at me and said, 'That one won't stand up.' The two policemen came near me and only one spoke to me. He asked me if the driver had asked me to stand up? I said, 'Yes.' He asked me why I didn't stand up ... I told him I didn't think I should have to stand up. So I asked him, 'Why do you push us around?' And he told me, 'I don't know, but the law is the law and you are under arrest.'” Rosa Parks, 20th-21st Century American civil rights activist, describing the scene on a Montgomery, Alabama public bus in 1955 as she rode home from work. She, a black woman, had refused to obey an order from the driver, a white man, to give up her seat to make room for a white passenger, thereby violating the law at that time.

“About the injunction of the Apostle Paul that women should keep silent in church? Don’t go by one text only.” St. Teresa of Avila, 16th Century Spaniard; Carmelite nun, writer; Doctor of the Church10

2. PRAYER ACTIVITY (All Students) What things in this world are worthy of defiance, i.e., they need to be protested? Pray daily for a week that those in positions of power become open to the movement of the Holy Spirit in their lives and work toward relief of these painful issues. Pray also for the victims.

3. MEDIA MINDFULNESS ACTIVITY (All Students) Research the news (newspapers, news magazines, the Internet) to discover contemporary examples of defiance. What/who is/are being defied? How is the defiance portrayed? If Jesus were a news commentator or editorial writer (print or blog) today, how would he characterize these events? What would he say about the validity of the defiance? Would his remarks be any different, essentially, from those of current newsmen and women?

10 “Doctor of the Church” is a title conferred by various popes throughout the ages on 33 saints (to date) whose teachings and writings have had a marked impact on Church theology or doctrine.

4. FAITH-IN-ACTION ACTIVITY (All Students) Log onto the web site of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops (USCCB) – usccb.org. to gain some information about the Catholic position on what constitutes a “just war.” Be ready for a class discussion next time on whether or not a case can be made for a just war in today’s age of nuclear warfare capability. For guidance, here is an excerpt from the bishops’ document entitled “The Harvest of Justice is Sown in Peace” (#1, section B, number 2):

"The just-war tradition begins with a strong presumption against the use of force and then establishes the conditions when this presumption may be overridden for the sake of preserving the kind of peace which protects human dignity and human rights.

In a disordered world, where peaceful resolution of conflicts sometimes fails, the just-war tradition provides an important moral framework for restraining and regulating the limited use of force by governments and international organizations. Since the just-war tradition is often misunderstood or selectively applied, we summarize its major components, which are drawn from traditional Catholic teaching.

First, whether lethal force may be used is governed by the following criteria: Just Cause: force may be used only to correct a grave, public evil, i.e., aggression or massive violation of the basic rights of whole populations; Comparative Justice: while there may be rights and wrongs on all sides of a conflict, to override the presumption against the use of force the injustice suffered by one party must significantly outweigh that suffered by the other; Legitimate Authority: only duly constituted public authorities may use deadly force or wage war; Right Intention: force may be used only in a truly just cause and solely for that purpose; Probability of Success: arms may not be used in a futile cause or in a case where disproportionate measures are required to achieve success; Proportionality: the overall destruction expected from the use of force must be outweighed by the good to be achieved; Last Resort: force may be used only after all peaceful alternatives have been seriously tried and exhausted.”

FOR WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “DEFIANCE” (CLICK HERE TO SEE PAGE 53)

APPS: OT: Israelites and Egyptians; Joshua NT: Jesus and Local Leaders, e.g., Pilate, Pharisees, Sadducees, etc. Christology; Conscience-Formation; Moral Decision-Making; Catholic Social Teaching; Just War Criteria; Prayer and Spirituality

WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “DEFIANCE”11

The selection from ”Christianity” below comes from the Catholic translation known as the New American Bible (the same as that used in Mass and all other sacramental liturgies). But it is important to note that the selection from “Judaism” below comes not from the Bible this time, but from Midrash, a way of interpreting Bible stories that “assumes that every word, letter, and even stroke of the pen in the Torah has meaning.”12

Christianity And behold, one of those who accompanied Jesus put his hand to his sword, drew it, and struck the high priest’s servant, cutting off his ear. Then Jesus said to him, "Put your sword back into its sheath; for all who take the sword will perish by the sword." Matthew 26: 51-52

Judaism The other rivers say to the Euphrates, “How come you don’t sound off as you flow, the way in which the rest of us make our flow heard from a distance?” The river said to them, “My deeds give evidence concerning me, so I don’t have to announce how great I am." Sifre Deuteronomy VI.III.3

Special Thanks to: William Gallington: Universal Spiritual Thoughts, Ilene Cooper: The Golden Rule, Munir Shaikh: Writer, 11 UCLA Doctoral Student

12 www.myjewishlearning.com

Islam The sun shines by day; the moon lights up the night; the warriors shine in their armor; the holy one shines in mediation; but the awakened shines radiantly all day and night. Dhammapada 387

Buddhism Right Speech - Speak honestly, compassionately and well of others. 3rd step on the Eightfold Path – Buddha

Shinto Vision with action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare. Shinto saying

Hinduism When you have seen the Truth of the Spirit, you are one with him… Then your soul becomes a lamp by which you find the Truth of Brahman. This is the God whose light illumines all creation. Svetasvatara Upanishad 2.15-16

Sikhism Humility is my mace; To become the dust under everyone's feet is my dagger. These weapons no evildoer dare withstand. Sikhism. Adi Granth, Sorath, M.5, p. 628

Bahá'í For after all, the earth is but the everlasting graveyard, the vast, universal cemetery of all mankind. Yet men fight to possess this graveyard, waging war and battle, killing each other. What ignorance! Promulgation of Universal Peace: p. 396

Zoroastrianism Do justice to the afflicted and destitute. Rescue the poor and needy; deliver them out of the hand of the wicked. Psalms 82: 3-4

Confucianism Shun-yu K'wan said, "Is it the rule that males and females shall not allow their hands to touch in giving or receiving anything?" Mencius replied, "It is the rule." K'wan asked, "If a man's sister-in-law be drowning, shall he rescue her with his hand?" Mencius said, "He who would not so rescue the drowning woman is a wolf." The Book of Mencius 14: D-1

Native American Religions Do what you know to be right. (But be careful not to fall into self-righteousness) 6th Commandment From the Native American Commandments

African Traditional Religions The goddess of the sea says goodbye, She-who-carries-loads-and-never-looks-back. Since this is how we find the world, We must fight. The world has no peace; This is war. We must fight to the last man So that the world may have peace. African Traditional Religions. Yoruba War Song (Nigeria)

FILM CLIPS ABOUT “DEFIANCE” FROM OTHER EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

EPISODE 2: KINDNESS SELF-CONTROL GOOD SPORTSMANSHIP The Mighty Ducks The coach of the hockey team tells one of his players to cheat in order to win. The player refuses.

Sandlot The captain of the sandlot baseball team invites a “new kid” to join, even though the “new kid” is a mediocre player.

Forrest Gump Young Jenny offers young Forrest a place to sit on the bus next to her after everyone else refuses.

EPISODE 3: COURAGE PERSEVERANCE LOYALTY Wizard of Oz The Lion tries to appear brave though he later admits that he is a coward.

The Secret Life of Zoey Zoey’s best friend tells Zoey’s mother that Zoey is mixed up with a bad crowd and needs help.

The Addams Family Having lost their home to crooks, Morticia gives her family a pep talk, insisting, “We will survive.”

EPISODE 4: KNOWING YOURSELF FACING PEER PRESSURE UNDERSTANDING BULLIES A Walk to Remember On the school bus a girl is challenged by one of the most popular boys. She tells him that she has no intention of changing to suit him.

Sky High At a party, a girl is told that her boyfriend has rejected her for a member of the popular crowd.

Cheaper by the Dozen When bullies challenge her brother, his sister intervenes and tells her brother to let the insult pass.

EPISODE 5: PRIDE CITIZENSHIP HONOR Akeelah and the Bee In the finals of a spelling bee, a contender intentionally misses a word and is confronted by her opponent.

It’s a Wonderful Life A man and wife risk everything to protect the savings of members of the Savings and Loan.

Batman Begins After a long absence Bruce Wayne meets Rachel at a posh hotel. She challenges Bruce to act upon the positive values he insists exist within himself.

EPISODE 7: MAKING A DIFFERENCE TEAMWORK CARING FOR OTHERS Remember the Titans: “Attitude reflects leadership” The team’s white captain and black star argue over the importance of teamwork and unprejudiced leadership.

RESPONSIBILITY (See page 65 for other Film Clips regarding this topic. See page 4 for table of contents)

SAVING PRIVATE RYAN (R) Responsibility 6:41 Grade Level: Secondary Audio: English Subtitles: English/Spanish Teaser Question: What does responsibility mean? Note to teacher/catechist – This film is the third exception to the policy of this series for use of films rated no greater that PG-13. It carries an R rating for graphic battlefield violence and profanity, although no R-rated material is in this clip.

SYNOPSIS: During World War II, it becomes known that three soldiers who have been killed are brothers. This means that their mother will receive three death notices on the same day. The Army discovers that there is a fourth brother alive, but in a combat zone. A mission is deployed to find Private James Ryan and send him home. When the clip begins, several soldiers have already sacrificed their lives to save Private Ryan. Finally, with his dying breath, their commanding officer, Captain John Miller, whispers to the now-rescued Private Ryan, “Earn this…Earn it.” Many years later, as he kneels before Miller’s grave (at the American Cemetery and Memorial in Normandy, France), Ryan quietly speaks his hope that he did indeed live up to Miller’s final command.

FILM STATS: This is a film from DreamWorks and Paramount Pictures; Directed by Steven Spielberg; Written by Robert Rodat; Produced by Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon, Gary Levinson, and Steven Spielberg; Starring Tom Hanks, Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, and Matt Damon.

GETTING STARTED: (Can use some or all questions) What’s going on in this scene? OR What do you see/hear happening in this scene? OR With which character (if any) do you identify? Why?

NEXT: What does “responsibility” mean? Describe some characteristics. Name some people who display this trait.

GOING DEEPER: What was the responsibility of the following people in this incident: The U.S. Army? Captain Miller and his men? Private James Ryan? Why did Captain Miller say, “Earn this…Earn it” to Private Ryan?

MAKING CHOICES! (All Students) To whom are you responsible? For whom are you responsible? How do you feel about it? Explain.

HOW CAN THESE SCRIPTURE PASSAGES HELP US? “I myself will stand surety for him. You can hold me responsible for him. If I fail to bring him back, to set him in your presence, you can hold it against me forever.” (Genesis 43:9)

“I say this not by way of command, but to test the genuineness of your love by your concern for others.” (2 Corinthians 8:8)

HOW CAN JESUS HELP US? (Younger students might like to act out these selections before the discussion.) Read Luke 15:3-7 (The Parable of the Lost Sheep) and John 10:11-15 (The Good Shepherd). In these passages, what is Jesus teaching us about responsibility?

THINGS TO DO AT HOME!!! (Some or all of these can be adapted or converted into in-class activities.)

1. NOTABLE QUOTABLES ACTIVITY Write a journal entry or have a discussion with family or friends, reflecting on one or more of the following quotations and be ready to report back next time.

Private (ret.) James Ryan [at grave of Capt. Miller]: “I’ve tried to live my life the best I could. I hope that was enough. I hope that at least in your eyes, I’ve earned what all of you have done for me.” Saving Private Ryan

“Few things help an individual more than to place responsibility upon him, and to let him know that you trust him.” Booker T. Washington; 19th-20th Century American; educator, author, orator and African-American civil rights leader

“Action springs not from thought, but from a readiness for responsibility.” Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 20th Century German Lutheran pastor, theologian; executed by hanging for his involvement in a German resistance movement to assassinate Adolf Hitler

“It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities.” Josiah Charles Stamp, 19th-20th Century English economist

“I never look at the masses as my responsibility; I look at the individual. I can only love one person at a time - just one, one, one. So you begin. I began - I picked up one person. Maybe if I didn't pick up that one person, I wouldn't have picked up forty-two thousand.... The same thing goes for you, the same thing in your family, the same thing in your church, your community. Just begin - one, one, one.” Blessed Teresa of Calcutta aka Mother Teresa; 20th Century Albanian-born Indian missionary; founder of the religious community known as The Missionaries of Charity; 1979 recipient of Nobel Peace Prize; candidate for sainthood

2. PRAYER ACTIVITY (All Students) The earliest Christians were noticed by non-Christians because of how much they cared for each other. “Look how they love one another” was the statement used. Compose a prayer asking God to give you the strength to continue – or begin – displaying the kind of love and concern that marks the behavior of a Christian. Say the prayer daily for a week.

3. MEDIA MINDFULNESS ACTIVITY (All Students) Pick one medium (film, TV, music, newspaper or news magazine) and search for mentions or depictions of responsibility. In your source material, is responsibility something to be prized? Or is it a source for criticism or derision? As it is described or depicted, is it consistent with the message of the Gospels? Bring your findings to a class discussion.

4. FAITH-IN-ACTION ACTIVITY (All Students) Research three (3) contemporary individuals who stand out as responsible persons. List five (5) reasons to support each choice. Bring your findings to a class discussion. At the end of the discussion, vote for the top name out of all people mentioned. Clarify how this person displays integrity and responsibility. Make a group promise to live by this trait for a month. At the end of a month, in a class discussion, describe your month-long experience. Did it make a difference in your life? In the life of others? Explain.

FOR WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “RESPONSIBILITY” (CLICK HERE TO SEE PAGE 63)

APPS: OT: Moses and Aaron, Solomon, David, other leaders NT: Parables -- Good Shepherd, Good Samaritan, Lost Sheep, etc. Christology; Catholic Social Teaching; just war criteria; conscience-formation; moral decision-making’ leadership; prayer and spirituality

WISDOM FROM WORLD FAITH TRADITIONS REGARDING “RESPONSIBILITY”13

For Christians, the Bible is THE sacred book, divided into two parts (Old Testament, or Hebrew Scriptures, and New Testament, or Christian Scriptures), composed by many different human authors, and inspired by the Holy Spirit. The selection from ”Christianity” below comes from the Catholic translation known as the New American Bible (the same as that used in Mass and all other sacramental liturgies). It is important to note that the selection from “Judaism” below, unlike in most of these Episodes, comes, not from the Bible, but from Mishnah, “Judaism’s primary book of Jewish legal theory.”14

Christianity So should it be with you. When you have done all you have been commanded, say, “We are unprofitable servants; we have done what we were obliged to do. Luke 17: 10

Judaism If I am not for myself who is for me? and when I am for myself what am I? and if not now, when? Judaism. Mishnah, Abot 1.14

Islam One of the requirements for society is to attend to the affairs of thy household and also at the household of God. The Gullistan of Sa'di VIII: Maxim 55

Special Thanks to: William Gallington: Universal Spiritual Thoughts, Ilene Cooper: The Golden Rule, Munir Shaikh: Writer, 13 UCLA Doctoral Student

14 www.myjewishlearning.com

Buddhism Let not a man glory in this, that he loves his country, let him rather glory in this, that he loves his kind. The Buddha

Hinduism Justice, being violated, destroys; justice, being preserved, preserves: therefore, justice must not be violated, lest violated justice destroy us. The Laws of Manu 8: 15

Confucianism The father who does not teach his son his duties is equally guilty with the son who neglects them.

Sikhism This is the sum of all true righteousness – Treat others, as thou wouldst thyself be treated. Do nothing to thy neighbor, which hereafter Thou wouldst not have thy neighbor do to thee.

Bahá'í The Baha'i scriptures state that citizens should be proud of their countries and of their national identities, but such pride should be subsumed within a wider loyalty to all of humanity and to global society. The Baha’I Faith: A Portrait by Dr. Robert H. Stockman Director of Research, Baha'i National Center, Wilmette, Illinois

Zoroastrianism As thus both man or woman knows (the duty), both thoroughly and truly, so let him, or her, declare it and fulfill it... Avesta - Yasna 35: 6

Shinto All ye under the heaven! Regard heaven as your father, earth as your mother, and all things as your brothers and sisters. Oracle of the Kami of Atsuta

Native American Religions If the seasons of agriculture be not interfered with, the grain will be more than can be eaten. If close nets are not allowed to enter the pools and ponds, the fish and turtles will be more than can be consumed. If the axes enter the hill-forests only at the proper times, the wood will be more than can be used.

African Traditional Religions One upon whom We bestow kindness But will not express gratitude, Is worse than a robber Who carries away our belongings. African Traditional Religions. Yoruba Proverb (Nigeria)

FILM CLIPS ABOUT “RESPONSIBILITY” FROM OTHER EPISODES IN THIS SERIES