View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS CULTURAL POLICY IN SINGAPORE: NEGOTIATING ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL AGENDAS1 Lily Kong Associate Professor Department of Geography National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Singapore 119260 Email:
[email protected] Fax: 65-7773091 Revised manuscript submitted to Geoforum For Special Issue on “Culture, Economy, Policy” July 1999 Post-print version Published as: Kong, L., (2000) "Cultural policy in Singapore: Negotiating economic and socio-cultural agendas". Geoforum, 31, no. 4 (Special Issue on Culture Industries and Cultural Policy): 409-424. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718500000063 1 This paper was written while I was Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Culture, Tokyo University. I would like to record thanks to Assoc Prof Tong Chee Kiong for facilitating my attachment at the Institute of Oriental Culture. I am also grateful to Professor Takeshi Hamashita for taking time off his extremely busy schedule to extend hospitality. Thanks are also due to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for financing the fellowship and the National University of Singapore (NUS) for the travel grant. 1 CULTURAL POLICY IN SINGAPORE: NEGOTIATING ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL AGENDAS INTRODUCTION At the opening of a local conference titled “Art versus Art: Conflict and Convergence” in 1993, Ho Kwon Ping, Chairman of the Practice Performing Arts Centre, a private arts school, made the following observation about the increased attention paid to the arts in Singapore in the late 1980s and 1990s: We are moving so very rapidly in a national effort to change this underdeveloped state in the Arts.