Video- On-Demand Und Catch-Up-TV in Europa

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Video- On-Demand Und Catch-Up-TV in Europa Die Zahl audiovisueller Abrufdienste (Video-on-Demand, VdD) in Europa hat erheblich Video- zugenommen. Videoabrufdienste, Catch-up-TV-Dienste und Videoportale konkurrieren um die Gunst der Verbraucher und sehen sich gleichzeitig mit dem Problem der Internet- on-Demand Piraterie konfrontiert. Die audiovisuelle Landschaft ist stark zersplittert und entwickelt Video- sich sehr schnell weiter, Geschäftsmodelle kristallisieren sich heraus und verschmelzen und teilweise miteinander. Die Krise des Werbemarkts und die Grenzen, auf die die Ent- wicklung der Gratisangebote der öffentlich-rechtlichen Sender stößt, erhöhen das Inter- Catch-up-TV esse an kostenpflichtigen Angeboten. Allerdings wird die Entwicklung kostenpflichtiger Modelle durch die Piraterie beeinträchtigt und eine volle Entfaltung scheint erst dann on-Demand in Europa möglich, wenn Abrufdienste uneingeschränkt auf dem Fernseher abrufbar sind und nicht mehr nur auf Computerbildschirmen oder Handys. Die Bereitstellung von VoD-Diensten auf Fernsehegeräten stellt damit eine große Herausforderung dar, die Gerätehersteller und Netzbetreiber gleichermaßen mobilisiert. und Dieser Bericht bietet eine vollständige und aktuelle Übersicht über die verschiedenen Arten audiovisueller Abrufdienste und darüber, wie diese Dienste in die Strategien der verschiedenen Akteure eingebunden werden. Dieser zusammenfassende und gleichzeitig ausführliche Bericht richtet sich an alle diejenigen, die die Komplexität eines Bereichs zu verstehen versuchen, der sich gerade voll entfaltet. Catch-up-TV Im Dezember 1992 in Straßburg eingerichtet, hat die Europäische Audiovisuelle Infor- in Europa Europäische mationsstelle zur Aufgabe, Informationen über den europäischen audiovisuellen Sektor zu sammeln, aufzubereiten und zu veröffentlichen. Als öffentliche europäische Einrich- Audiovisuelle tung umfasst sie derzeit 36 Mitgliedstaaten sowie die Europäische Gemeinschaft, die durch die Europäische Kommission vertreten wird. Die Informationsstelle ist ein Teil Informations stelle des Europarats und arbeitet mit diversen Partnern, Berufsverbänden und einem Kor- respondentennetzwerk zusammen. Zu ihren Tätigkeitsschwerpunkten gehört neben Kon- Oktober 2009 ferenzbeiträgen die Erstellung von Publikationen, Datenbanken und eine umfassende Internetseite: http://www.obs.coe.int Die Direction du développement des médias (DDM) (http://www.ddm.gouv.fr) ist die Direction du französische Behörde, die für die Entwicklung der Medien zuständig ist. Hierzu zählen neben den Printmedien und dem klassischen audiovisuellen Bereich auch die neuen For- développement men der Online-Kommunikation. Sie gilt innerhalb der Branche als bevorzugter Ansprech- Ein Bericht der partner und ihre Aufgaben konzentrieren sich im Wesentlichen auf drei Bereiche: Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle des médias • Modernisierung im Rahmen der Aufsicht über den öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk; • Anpassung des Systems staatlicher Beihilfen für Printmedien und deren Entwicklung und der im Multimedia-Bereich; Video-on-Demand und Catch-up-TV in Europa • Vorbereitung notwendiger rechtlicher Entwicklungen in Bezug auf Pressefreiheit, Direction du développement Kommunikationsfreiheit und Online-Dienste. Dieser Bereich bezieht sich in zuneh- des médias (DDM) mendem Maße auf ein europäisch und international geprägtes Umfeld. in Zusammenarbeit mit NPA Conseil Video-on-Demand und Catch-up-TV in Europa ISBN 978-92-871-6742-2 (Druckausgabe), € 329 ISBN 978-92-871-6743-9 (Elektronische Ausgabe), € 445 Video-on-Demand und Catch-Up-TV in Europa Eine Studie der Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle und der Direction du développement des médias, in Zusammenarbeit mit NPA Conseil Video-on-Demand und Catch-Up-TV in Europa Eine Studie der Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle und der Direction du développement des médias (Frankreich) in Zusammenarbeit mit NPA Conseil Verantwortlich für die Publikation: Wolfgang Closs, Geschäftsführender Direktor der Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle Laurence Franceschini, Direction du développement des médias (DDM) Unter der wissenschaftlichen Leitung von: Frédéric Bokobza (DDM), Alexandre Joux (DDM), Laure Kaltenbach (DDM), Cloe Korman (DDM), André Lange (Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle). Ausführung der Studie: André Lange (Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle), in Zusammenarbeit mit Nathalie Benhamou (Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle), Alexandre Joux (DDM), Hélène Gros (NPA Conseil) und Jean-Marie Le Guen (NPA Conseil). Marketing: Markus Booms(Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle) [email protected] Verlagsassistentin: Valérie Haessig (Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle) Übersetzung: Renate Weissenfels (Mobiler Fremdsprachen-Service, Großrosseln- St. Nikolaus, Deutschland); Ralf Pfleger (Dialogos, Strassburg, Frankreich); Sonja Schmidt (Namborn, Deutschland). Verlag: Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle - Europarat 76 Allée de la Robertsau – F – 67000 Strasbourg Tel.: 33(0)3 90 21 60 00 – Fax: +33(0)3 90 21 60 19 [email protected] – http://www.obs.coe.int Die Analysen, die in den Beiträgen gemacht werden, basieren auf den Meinungen der jeweiligen Autoren und spiegeln nicht die Auffassung der Direction du développement des médias, der Europäischen Audiovisuellen Informationsstelle oder ihrer Mitglieder oder des Europarats wider. Die Daten, die von externen Quellen erhoben worden sind, werden zur Information zitiert. Die ihnen zu Grunde liegende Erhebungsmethodik und Stimmigkeit konnten von den Autoren dieser Studie nicht überprüft werden. © Europäische Audiovisuelle Informationsstelle und Direction du développement des médias, Oktober 2009. INHALT TEIL 1. EINFÜHRUNG: DIE TECHNISCHEN UND ÖKONOMISCHEN PARAMETER AUDIOVISUELLER ABRUFDIENSTE................................11 1.1. DEFINITIONEN UND UMFANG DER STUDIE...........................................................................................13 1.1.1. Technische Definition der ITU....................................................................................... 13 1.1.2. Rechtliche Definition gemäß der Richtlinie über audiovisuelle Mediendienste............. 14 1.1.3. Allgemein gebräuchliche Definitionen ........................................................................... 14 1.1.4. Umfang dieser Studie: Video-on-Demand, Catch-up-TV und Videoportale.................. 14 1.2. TECHNISCHE MODALITÄTEN AUDIOVISUELLER ABRUFDIENSTE ...........................................16 1.2.1. Audiovisuelle Abrufdienste im Internet .........................................................................17 1.2.1.1. Download und Streaming.......................................................................................... 17 1.2.1.2. Vielfalt der Mediaplayer ............................................................................................. 17 1.2.1.3. Territoriale Begrenzung ............................................................................................. 19 1.2.1.4. Computer als bevorzugtes Empfangsgerät................................................................ 19 1.2.1.5. Peer-to-Peer-Architekturen........................................................................................ 19 1.2.2. Audiovisuelle Abrufdienste in DSL-Netzen.................................................................... 22 1.2.3. Audiovisuelle Abrufdienste in digitalen Kabelnetzen..................................................... 23 1.2.4. VoD-Dienste mit Glasfaser bis nach Hause (FTTH) ..................................................... 25 1.2.5. VoD-Dienste über digitales terrestrisches Fernsehen und Satellit................................ 26 1.2.6. Hybriddienste................................................................................................................. 26 1.2.7. VoD-Dienste für Mobiltelefone....................................................................................... 27 1.2.7.1. Download von Inhalten in kompatiblen Formaten über einen an das Internet angeschlossenen PC................................................................................................. 27 1.2.7.2. Mobile Internetverbindungen und Abruf im Streamingverfahren................................ 27 1.2.7.3. Direkter Download ..................................................................................................... 27 1.2.7.4. 4G: die nächste Generation mit LTE-Technologie..................................................... 28 1.2.8. Mobilfernsehen (PMT) im DVB-H Modus für VoD-Dienste ungeeignet ........................ 28 1.2.9. PVR-Dienste .................................................................................................................. 29 1.2.10. Verfügbarkeit von Abrufdiensten auf Fernsehgeräten................................................... 30 1.2.10.1. Das Ziel der Verfügbarkeit von Abrufdiensten auf Fernsehgeräten........................... 30 1.2.10.2. Media Center PC, spezielle Spielkonsolen und Geräte ............................................. 31 1.2.10.3. "Side-Loading"-Systeme............................................................................................ 32 1.2.10.4. Direkte Anbindung des Fernsehers an das Internet .................................................. 32 1.2.10.5. Anschlüsse über DVD- und Blu-ray-Player und über "Home Theater"-Systeme ....... 34 1.2.10.6. Ein vielversprechender Markt .................................................................................... 34 1.2.11. Die
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