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A PATENT LANDSCAPE REPORT
ON DIGITAL WALLET
February, 2013
2251 Grant Road, Suite B • Los Altos, CA 94024 • TEL: 650.472.0644 • FAX: 650.625.0294 www.maxval.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...... 1 THE PAYMENT ECOSYSTEM ...... 1 THE DIGITAL WALLET SPACE IS HEATING UP ...... 2 PROJECTED MARKET ...... 2 OBJECTIVE OF THIS LANDSCAPE REPORT...... 3 METHODOLOGY ...... 3 TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERING ...... 4 MOBILE CATEGORY ...... 5 NON-MOBILE CATEGORY ...... 6 DATA ANALYTICS ...... 7 VOLUME ANALYSIS ...... 7 FILING TREND ...... 8 PATENT SUCCESS RATIO (PSR) ...... 9 PRIORITY COUNTRY ANALYSIS ...... 10 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ...... 11 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY ...... 14 LEAD INVENTORS ...... 15 MOST CITED PATENTS ...... 19 APPENDIX ...... 20 REFERENCES ...... 27
2251 Grant Road, Suite B • Los Altos, CA 94024 • TEL: 650.472.0644 • FAX: 650.625.0294 www.maxval.com
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INTRODUCTION
Digital wallet (also referred to as electronic wallet, virtual wallet, wireless wallet, mobile wallet, smart wallet, etc.) is a technology that enables or facilitates quick and secure monetary transactions or other information exchange using a computer, a smartphone or a dedicated device.
With the advent of credit card technology, plastic cards with magnetic strips have been used for monetary transactions and information transmission. Although plastic cards such as credit cards and membership cards offer many advantages over their paper or metal coin counterparts, people however still need to carry multiple cards. With the growing popularity of smartphones, it is now possible to consolidate information storage, authentication, and payment/information transmission of almost all of a wallet’s content in to a single device.
THE PAYMENT ECOSYSTEM Digital wallet introduces new players into the field of monetary transactions including mobile manufacturers, mobile network operators, and mobile service providers. Aspects of digital wallet ecosystems include the underlying technology including near field communication (NFC), Short Message Service (SMS), barcode, Quick Response Code (QR code), etc., device including smartphone or dedicated device, and purchase channel including online payment, mobile commerce/payments at the retail point- of-sale (PoS).
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THE DIGITAL WALLET SPACE IS HEATING UP The digital wallet space has become very active since late 2010 with the entry of major players like Google, Visa, Paypal and Isis. Google launched the long awaited and much publicized Google Wallet in May 20111. Google Wallet resides on the Android-powered devices and allows people to make purchases and receive deals and coupons simply by using their smartphones or tablets at the register. MasterCard, Sprint, and Citigroup joined forces with Google’s NFC based Google Wallet platform.
Visa’s V.me2, announced in May 2011, will provide a secure online PoS to the customers. Visa launched the beta version of V.me with online retailer Buy.com. Bank of America, Wells Fargo, U.S. Bancorp and JPMorgan Chase are working with Visa.
Isis3, a joint venture of AT&T Mobility, T-Mobile USA and Verizon Wireless, is backed by VeriFone, Ingenico, ViVOtech and Equinox. The joint venture announced agreements with financial institutions such as Visa, Barclays, MasterCard, Discover and American Express, and phone makers such as HTC, LG, Motorola Mobility, RIM, Samsung Mobile and Sony Ericsson.
Square4, a new player in the mobile payment space, joined with Apple. The recent partnership between Square and Starbucks represents the continuing momentum of digital wallet implementation.
Other digital wallet platforms include PayPal Here by PayPal, Intuit’s GoPayment, PayAnywhere, and Serve by American Express. Furthermore, Apple5 has implemented its Passbook feature in iOS 6. Companies like Starbucks, Target and American Airlines are already supporting Passbook integration. Furthermore, the Merchant Customer Exchange6 backed by Walmart and Target, announced its entrance into the field.
PROJECTED MARKET Digital wallet is now seeing a rapid surge in activity in the U.S. and Europe, especially with the growing market penetration of smartphones and NFC. A report by IE Market Research7 (IEMR) forecasts that the global mobile payment transactions will reach $945 billion in 2015, which is 30-fold increase from $31.5 billion for 2010; global NFC transactions will jump to 55.3 billion in 2015 with a compound annual growth rate of 105.2%. This indicates that mobile payments are poised to dominate the commercial transactions between 2012 and 2014. Juniper8 predicts that NFC payments will hit $74 billion by 2015, and mobile payment transactions will exceed $1.3 trillion by 2017.
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OBJECTIVE OF THIS LANDSCAPE REPORT
This report provides an overview of market and the worldwide patent trends in digital wallet technology with emphasis on wireless communication technology. Specifically, the study identifies the top players in the market and IP arena, and analyzes their patent portfolio and technology including:
Filing trend in the past 20 years Patent success ratio Technology analysis Specific wireless communication technologies used in digital wallet Patent filings in the United States as compared to the rest of the world Most cited patents of prolific assignees
METHODOLOGY The flowchart below depicts the process adopted for generating this report:
Web search for key market Patent search for top assignees
Finalize unique list of 22 players
Search for patents and applications for these 22 players and their subsidiaries
Edit the retrieved dataset to remove non-relevant records
Cluster the relevant records into sub-segments
Analyze Data
Generate Report
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A comprehensive web search was conducted to identify key market players (refer to Table 4) in the digital wallet space. A patent search was conducted in Thomson Innovation using keywords and classification codes related to the digital wallet technology to identify the top assignees having IP assets (refer to Table 4). The key market players and the top assignees with IP assets were combined to arrive at a unique consolidated list of 22 players. A search for issued patents and published applications was conducted for these 22 players and their subsidiaries (refer to Table 5) using relevant keywords and IPC/USC codes yielded a dataset of 6,310 relevant records*. These records were further clustered into various technological sub-segments as shown in the following section.
*Includes both issued patents and published applications.
TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERING
Digital wallets can be apps that operate in a mobile operating system, such as Andriod, iOS, and Windows Phone, of a mobile device. The mobile device may be a smartphone or other electronic device such as a notebook computer, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), video game device, GPS locator device, etc.
Digital wallet can primarily be classified into two categories: mobile-residing and non-mobile residing wallets. The mobile and non-mobile categories are further classified into the following sub-segments with slight but significant differences among the products, technology and applications. The graphic below shows the different sub-categories under the main segments and the number of records in each category.
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MOBILE CATEGORY
MOBILE DEVICES (2621)
PRODUCTS / SYSTEMS (3201) PoS DEVICES (830)
SOFTWARE APPS (622)
NFC (204) RFID (502)
FELICA (92)
QR (34) COMMUNICATIONS BARCODE (280) TECHNOLOGY (1388) BLUETOOTH (213) SMS (254) MOBILE (4464) SIM (156) WAP /GSM/USSD (181)
MOBILE COMMERCE (413) VIRTUAL PAYMENT SERVICES /EFT (1801) TRANSIT TICKETS/TRAVEL PASSES (134) APPLICATIONS (3078) RECORDS STORAGE (FORMS AUTOFILL) (658)
USER IDENTIFICATION (1730)
SHOPPING (129)
ENCRYPTION (1998) PIN/KEY (596) SET (18) SECURITY (2954) DIGITAL CERTIFICATE / AUTHENTICATION (1169) SIGNATURE (268) BIOMETRIC (620) AUTHORIZATION (1553)
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NON-MOBILE CATEGORY
PC/DESKTOP/LAPTOP (367)
CARDS (1610)
PRODUCTS / SYSTEMS (2190) PoS DEVICES (265)
DONGLE/FOBS (182)
SOFTWARE APPS (155)
NFC (17)
RFID (71) COMMUNICATIONS FELICA (7) TECHNOLOGY (115) BARCODE (35)
BLUETOOTH (1)
NON MOBILE (3132) E- COMMERCE (67)
VIRTUAL PAYMENT SERVICES /EFT (949) APPLICATIONS (1333) RECORDS STORAGE (FORMS AUTOFILL) (250) USER IDENTIFICATION (583)
SHOPPING (54)
ENCRYPTION (622) PIN/KEY (201)
SET (21) SECURITY (1046) DIGITAL CERTIFICATE / SIGNATURE (122) AUTHENTICATION (337) BIOMETRIC (103) AUTHORIZATION (622)
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VOLUME ANALYSIS Figure 1: IP assets of players
BOKU SPRINT APPLE ZTE TOSHIBA GOOGLE MOTOROLA 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% JP MORGAN 3% QUALCOMM 3% VISA RESEARCH IN MOTION 14% 3%
AMERICAN EXPRESS ERICSSON 12% 4% GEMALTO 4%
AT & T FIRST DATA 5% 11% EBAY 4% SONY IBM 7% 7% NOKIA 7% MASTERCARD 7%
The top three players, Visa, AmEx and First Data, make up around 37% of the overall assets, while the lower ranked players, Boku, ZTE, Sprint and Apple, hold about 1% each.
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FILING TREND FIG. 2: Filing activity of the assignees for the past 20 years
23 ZTE 22 1 3 3 27 11 11 VISA
21 25 4 9 13 29 4 30 46 16 34 30 16 32 48 63 125 200 89 22 1 TOSHIBA 20 1 8 5 6 4 8 27 9 4 11 4 7 2 7 6 3 1 SPRINT 19 2 2 1 4 6 1 5 8 6 6 2 SONY 18 1 3 5 8 3 20 111 85 24 30 12 22 18 47 6 7 6 1 17 1 1 5 22 22 24 15 1 3 12 10 11 23 25 15 9 RESEARCH IN MOTION 16 1 3 8 20 18 14 18 11 23 15 26 24 4 2 QUALCOMM 15 2 25 43 8 6 30 95 77 53 17 15 17 6 2 7 14 13 1 NOKIA 14 1 5 45 4 20 16 7 20 1 1 13 5 2 3 3 MOTOROLA 13 5 17 36 2 40 15 11 48 17 29 21 25 21 23 42 33 28 29 8 1 12 3 1 2 5 46 31 21 21 11 4 7 4 1 2 1 MASTERCARD 11 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 7 3 5 1 JP MORGAN
10 5 4 21 22 25 56 50 52 71 35 14 17 25 21 24 8 8 INTUIT 9 1 3 8 9 6 7 5 5 11 4 5 11 16 9 9 18 2 IBM 8 4 7 1 9 12 19 7 25 27 13 5 23 12 8 16 20 6 14 GOOGLE 7 3 7 79 71 56 106 78 35 60 44 67 33 17 15 1 6 12 14 17 38 58 28 22 4 6 4 1 5 8 4 1 GEMALTO
5 8 15 3 8 13 25 4 1 30 10 3 7 23 43 15 28 12 FIRST DATA 4 23 17 3 ERICSSON 3 16 12 30 13 24 33 10 37 14 28 10 12 20 6 15 20 11 3 EBAY 2 3 1 2 6 1 2 11 20 4 3 1 5 1 2 7 103 81 187 55 42 119 47 17 26 9 14 1 23 3 BOKU
0 AT & T
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1992
The top ranked player Visa was very active between 2008 and 2010. The new player Boku entered into the digital wallet space in 2009 with 23 filings.
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PATENT SUCCESS RATIO (PSR) FIG. 3: Patent Success Ratio (PSR) of the assignees
700 670 120% 650
600 100% 100% 550 500 500 500 80% 450 71% 400 61% 59% 339 350 60% 57% 316 316 328 50% 300 # of Applications 252 50% 43% 250 41% 41% # of Patents 204 37% 40% 36% 199 33% 32% 200 187 164 175 32% 31% Grant Success 149 160 151 145 135 135 150 126 118 24% 110 104 19% 91 87 20% 20% 100 19% 67 68 53 47 47 43 54 72 37 10%41 50 43 24 28 29 5% 12 9 515 2
0 0%
ZTE
IBM
VISA
EBAY
SONY
BOKU
NOKIA
APPLE
SPRINT
AT & T & AT
INTUIT
TOSHIBA
ERICSSON
GEMALTO
MOTOROLA
FIRST DATA FIRST
JP MORGAN JP
QUALCOMM
MASTERCARD
AMERICAN EXPRESS AMERICAN RESEARCH IN MOTION IN RESEARCH
Though Visa files more patent applications followed by AmEx and First Data, it is Sprint which tops in terms of PSR (ratio of patent grants to applications) with 100% conversion ratio followed by AT&T (71%).
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PRIORITY COUNTRY ANALYSIS FIG. 4: Distribution of Patent Families by Office of First Filing (OFF)
100% 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 4 11 2 IE 2 9 5 7 9 90% 1 3 NL 2 IL 39 DK 80% 15 28 SG 67 6 70% RU 24 IN 3 125 NO 60% 59 ZA 13 10 AU 50% 143 24 25 51 56 35 43 109 27 107 249 IB 199 74 128 41 KR 40% DE 189 CA 36 52 30% SE 82 36 FI 20% CN 1 70 GB 10% 15 FR 20 EP 0% JP US
Boku, Intuit, JP Morgan, Qualcomm and Sprint have all their priority filings in the United States, whereas ZTE has all its first filings in China. Not surprisingly, Sony and Toshiba have most of their priority filings in Japan.
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WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY In general, digital wallet communication technology should be short range, low power consumption, and secure. Communication technologies that can be employed in digital wallets include:
NFC •A set of standards for smartphones and similar devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than a few centimetres RFID •A wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification, tracking, contactless payments, etc.., SMS NFC •A text messaging service component of phone, web, or mobile communication systems, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of Felica RFID short text messages between fixed line or mobile phone devices SMS Bluetooth •A proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security
WAP/GSM/ QR SMS •A matrix barcode (or two-dimensional code), readable by QR scanners, mobile USSD Communication phones with a camera, smartphones and used for encoding information in two- dimensional space Technologoy Barcode •An optical machine-readable representation of data relating to the object to which it is attached SIM SIM Bluetooth •An integrated circuit that securely stores the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and the related key used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices WAP/GSM/USSD Barcode QR •Technical standards for accessing information over a mobile wireless network FeliCa •A contactless RFID smart card system primarily used in electronic money cards
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Based on the patent analysis, RFID seems to play a prominent role in wireless communication technology for digital wallet, slowly replacing SMS and Bluetooth. New innovations, such as QR codes and NFC technologies are growing in popularity.
NFC is emerging as a dominant communication technology that has been getting a tremendous amount of attention with a growing user base. However, NFC’s exclusion in the latest iPhone model by the Apple leads to speculation about the possible alternative technologies. The communication technologies focused by each of the assignees have been tabulated below in detail.
TABLE 1: ASSIGNEES vs. COMMUNICATION STANDARDS
GSM- ASSIGNEES Barcode Bluetooth Felica USSD- NFC QR code RFID SIM SMS WAP
American Express 79 4 2 0 3 20 179 0 7 Apple 5 4 0 0 12 0 0 1 3 AT & T 17 9 0 10 3 0 19 3 12 Boku 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Ebay 11 6 6 3 23 1 8 6 9 Ericsson 4 31 1 44 4 0 3 18 21 First Data 50 6 6 3 25 0 61 1 12 Gemalto 4 3 1 16 18 0 7 31 5 Google 4 6 9 0 12 0 22 2 1 IBM 19 17 0 9 3 2 34 4 19 Intuit 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 JP Morgan 18 4 0 8 0 0 22 8 14 Mastercard 4 0 1 3 4 2 24 0 9 Motorola 19 11 3 2 8 2 26 2 1 Nokia 11 66 9 60 13 0 86 39 60 Qualcomm 18 8 60 4 13 0 5 0 5 Research In Motion 3 9 0 3 9 0 7 5 4
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GSM- ASSIGNEES Barcode Bluetooth Felica USSD- NFC QR code RFID SIM SMS WAP
Sony 8 8 1 5 11 0 16 8 6 Sprint 1 1 0 4 6 0 12 1 0 Toshiba 7 9 0 0 0 1 5 0 3 Visa 32 10 0 6 36 6 30 16 44 ZTE 0 0 1 1 17 0 7 10 0
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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY FIG. 5: Distribution of patent families across various geographies
JP, 131, 2% EP, 663, 10% CA, 397, 6% US, 3799, 59% OUS, 2594 CN, 114, 2%
PCT, 911, 14% AU, 96, 2%
KR, 75, 1% GB, 65, 1%
Others, 69, 1% DE, 39, 1% MX, 34, 1%
This pie chart compares the patent filings within and outside the United States. PCT filings make up a significant portion of the non-US filings.
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LEAD INVENTORS Table 2 lists the prolific inventors with more than 5 patent families in their names for each of the assignees.
TABLE 2: PROLIFIC INVENTORS
ASSIGNEES PROLIFIC INVENTORS (# OF RECORDS)
Bishop, Fred A. (9)
AMERICAN EXPRESS Peart, Lee J. (7)
Beenau, Blayn W. (6)
APPLE Rosenblatt, Michael (6)
Zellner, Samuel, N. (10) AT & T Ruckart, John P. (6)
Hirson, Ron (10) Boku Smith, Glyn Barry (7)
Keithley, Thomas H. (7) EBAY Scipioni, German (6)
ERICSSON Zavagli, Guido (6)
Algiene, Kenneth (13)
Albrecht, Norbert (11)
Mollett, Cassandra J. (11)
Newbrough, Keith, A. (9) FIRST DATA Skowronek, Daniel P. (9)
Arthur, Steven E. (9)
Mascavage, III, John Joseph (8)
Seifert, Dean A. (8)
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ASSIGNEES PROLIFIC INVENTORS (# OF RECORDS)
Dragt, Bruce A. (7)
Kubo, Takayuki, Dr. (7)
Phillips, Cheryl (7)
Williams, Charles R. (6)
Owen, Sarah (6)
Swift, Amy L. (6)
Ahles, Daniel (6)
Royyuru, Vijay K. (6)
Prevost, Sylvain (8) GEMALTO Girard, Pierre (7)
GOOGLE Davis, Walter Lee (7)
Smith, Jr., Newton James (9)
Paolini, Michael A. (8) IBM Rodriguez, Herman (6)
Winters, Scott Lee (6)
Wankmueller, John R. (10)
Phillips, Simon (9) MASTERCARD Kranzley, Arthur D. (6)
Hogan, Edward J. (6)
Piikivi, Lauri (10)
Cofta, Piotr, L. (8) NOKIA Markkanen, Panu S. (6)
Ekberg, Jan Erik (6)
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ASSIGNEES PROLIFIC INVENTORS (# OF RECORDS)
QUALCOMM Minear Brian (6)
Lazaridis, Mihal (9)
Brown, Michael S. (7) RESEARCH IN MOTION Walker, David Ryan (7)
Mallick Martyn Henri (6)
Ludtke, Harold Aaron (18)
Maritzen, L. Michael (18)
Sako, Yoichiro (10)
Candelore, Brant L. (10)
Hasumi, Yoshitsugo (9)
Tsukamura, Yoshihiro (7)
SONY Takehara, Mitsuru (7)
Abe, Miki (7)
Ito, Koji (7)
Fukushima, Takashi (6)
Kubono, Fumio (6)
Kon, Takayasu (6)
Kamada, Yasunori (6)
Zhu, Kevin (17)
SPRINT Katzer, Robin D. (6)
Bierbaum, Christopher J. (6)
Hammad, Ayman A. (37) VISA FAITH, Partick, L. (25)
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ASSIGNEES PROLIFIC INVENTORS (# OF RECORDS)
Carlson, Mark (24)
Patterson, Barbara Elizabeth (15)
Dominguez, Benedicto, H. (10)
Winters, Michelle Eng (10)
Fordyce, III, Edward, W. (10)
Stan, Patrick (9)
Manessis, Thomas J. (9)
Siegel, Kevin Paul (7)
Poufallah, Stacy (7)
Byce, Charles Raymond (7)
Aabye, Christian (7)
Amaro, Leigh (6)
Koganti, Krishna Prasad (6)
Ning, Lu-you (10)
Ma, Jingwang (9) ZTE Jia, Qian (7)
Yu, Wan-Tao (6)
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MOST CITED PATENTS
Most cited patents are listed below.
TABLE 3: MOST CITED PATENTS
Publication # of Citing Assignee Title Number patents Computerized payment system for purchasing US5757917A 665 EBAY INC goods and services on the internet System and method for secure electronic US5790677A 559 VISA commerce transactions Portable information and transaction processing system and method utilizing US6016476A 471 IBM biometric authorization and digital certificate security US5221838A 456 MOTOROLA Electronic wallet
System and method for conducting cashless US5692132A 429 MASTERCARD transactions on a computer network Smart card with multiple charge accounts and US5649118A 382 AT & T CORP product item tables designating the account to debit Method and system for processing internet US6609113B1 280 JP MORGAN payments using the electronic funds transfer network Method for using applications in a mobile US5887266A 173 NOKIA CORP station, a mobile station and a system for effecting payments Methods and arrangements for a smart card US6250557B1 134 ERICSSON wallet and uses thereof
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APPENDIX
TABLE 4: KEY PLAYERS IDENTIFIED
MARKET PLAYERS (Products) PLAYERS WITH IP ASSETS
GOOGLE (GOOGLE WALLET) NOKIA
VISA (V.ME, PAYWAVE) SONY
GOPAGO INC. AND JPMORGAN CHASE (GOPAGO FIRST DATA LIVE)
MASTERCARD (PAYPASS) ERICSSON
SPRINT (TOUCH WALLET) IBM
AT&T MOBILITY, T-MOBILE USA AND VERIZON GEMALTO WIRELESS (ISIS)
SQUARE (SQUARE WALLET) TOSHIBA
INTUIT (INTU GOPAYMENT) MOTOROLA
NORTH AMERICAN BANCARD (PAYANYWHERE) QUALCOMM
APPLE (EASYPAY, PASSBOOK) JP MORGAN
PAYPAL (PAYPAL WALLET) ZTE CORPORATION
AMERICAN EXPRESS (SERVE) BOKU INC
RESEARCH IN MOTION AND TURKCELL (TURKCELL CEP-T CÜZDAN)
VERIFONE (SAIL)
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TABLE 5: CONSOLIDATED LIST OF ASSIGNEES AND THEIR MAJOR SUBSIDIARIES
PLAYERS MAJOR SUBSIDIARIES Apertio Ltd, Atrica Ireland Ltd, Novarra Inc, Technophone Ltd, Eizel Technologies Inc, Oz Communications Inc, Ne-Products Oy, F5 Net Works Inc, Nokia Corporation, Avvenu Inc, Loudeye Technologies Inc, Amber Networks Inc, Advanced Saw Products, Twango Inc, Atrica Israel Ltd, NOKIA CORPORATION Nokia Moile Phones Ltd, Ramp Networks Inc, Nokia-Mobira Oy, Diamond Lane Communications Corp, Oy Nokia Ab, Telenokia Oy, Cellity Ag, Metacarta Inc, Nokia High Speed Access Products Inc, Nokia Data Systems Ab, Ntellisync Corp, Ipsilon Networks Inc, Navteq North America LLC, Navigation Solutions LLC, Traffic Com Inc, Symbian Ltd Sony Music Holdings Inc, Crackle Inc, CBS Sony Records Inc, Sony Cinema Products, Sony Telecom, Sony Corporation, Aiwa, Sony Creative Software Inc, Sony Electronics Inc, Sony Pictures, Felica Networks, Columbia SONY CORPORATION Pictures, 2waytraffic, Materials Research Corp, Digital Audio Disc Corp, SEL Holding, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc, Sony Mobile Communications Encorus Technologies, Technology Solutions International Inc, Telecheck Services Inc, Intelligent Results Inc, Mas Inco Corp, Star Systems Inc, Datawire Communications Networks Inc, Deecal International Ltd, Size Technologies, FDR Interactive Technologies, International Check Services, Linkpoint International, Omnipay Ltd, Money Networks, GZS FIRST DATA Gesellschaft Fur Zahlungbsysteme Mbh, Skyteller LLC, Pegaso , CTS Inc, CORPORATION Fundsxpress Inc, Anasazi Inc, Concord Computing Corp, Surepay Lp, Paycargo LLC, Integrated Payment Systems Inc, Paymentech Lp, Consumer Credit Associates Inc, Paysys International Inc, Datawire Communication Networks Inc, DW Holdings Inc, Telecash, Merchant Link LLC Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson, EAB Ab, Optimi Corp, Entrisphere, Marconi S P A, Torrent Networking Technologies Corp, Mobeon Ab, Sielte ERICSSON S P A, Datasaab Ab, Microwave Power Devices Inc, Advanced Computer Communications, Redback Networks, Abatis Systems Corp, Tandberg Television Inc, Skystream Networks Inc International Business Machines Corp, Tririga Inc, Metaphor Computer Systems, Ascential Software Corp, IBM, Rational Software Corp, Bigfix Inc, Transitive Ltd, Arsenal Digital Solutions Worldwide Inc, Diligent Technologies, Ilog, Lotus Development Corp, Language Analysis Systems Inc, Net Integration Technologies Inc, Solid Information Technology, Advantis, Crossworlds Software Inc, Ounce Labs Inc, Blade Network IBM Technologies Inc, Aptsoft Corp, Clarity Systems S L, Consul Risk Management, Ubique Ltd, Ascential Software Inc, Softek Storage Solutions Corp, Algorithmics Software LLC, Corio Inc, Coremetrics Inc, Intelliden, Filenet Corp, Datapower Inc, Micromuse Inc, Sterling Commerce Inc, Filesx Ltd, Arsenal Digital Solutions Inc, Cast Iron Systems Inc, Exeros Inc, Lombardi Software Inc, Platform Solutions Inc, Productive
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PLAYERS MAJOR SUBSIDIARIES Solutions Inc, Internet Security Systems Inc, MRO Software Inc, Meiosys, Cyanea Systems Corp, Early Cloud & Co, Encentuate Pte Ltd, Iphrase Technologies Inc, SPSS Inc, Commquest Technologies Inc, Watchfire Corp, Guardium Inc, Xiv Ltd, Openpages Inc, Datamirror Corp, Alphablox Corp, Cognos, Adaytum Inc, Netezza Corp, Tizor Systems Inc, Nutech Solutions Inc Gemalto, Trusted Logic, TDS Todos Datasystem Ab, Smart Cards GEMALTO Technology, CP8 Technologies, Axalto, Soliac, Schlumberger Malco Inc, Malco Products Inc, Gemplus, Setec Oy, Celo Communications, Multos Vital Images Inc, Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation Ag, Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kk, Nishishiba Electric Co Ltd, TOSHIBA Ansaldo Trasmissione E Distribuzione S R L, Mobile Broadcasting Corp, CORPORATION Kabusihiki Kaisha Toshiba, Fauske & Associates Inc, TFPD Corp, A & T Battery Corp, TEC Corp, Combustion Engineering, Westinghouse Energy Systems, Westinghouse Electric, Nuclear Fuel Industries Ltd Clinical Micro Sensors Inc, Motorola, Nextnet Wireless Inc, Topsil A/S, Vertex Standard Co Ltd, Digianswer A/S, Meshnetworks, Ucentric Holdings Inc, Freegate Corp, Universal Data Systems, Xtreme Spectrum Inc, Uiq Technology Ab, Active Telco Inc, Appeal Telecom Co Ltd, Mi Inc, Airdefense Inc, Force Computers, Meshnetworks Inc, Starfish Software MOTOROLA Inc, Wireless Valley Communications Inc, Riverdelta Networks, Melco Mobile Communications, Nippon Motorola Ltd, Metrowerks Corp, Tut Systems Inc, Indala Corp, Videotelecom Corp, Winphoria Netwroks Inc, Msi Data Corp, Telxon Corp, Symbol Technologies, Metanetics Corp, Pos Com Inc, Trio Security Inc, Matrics Inc, TTP Communications Ltd, IP Access Ltd Qualcomm Inc, Berkana Wireless Inc, Iridigm Display Corp, Bitboys Oy, Firethorn Holdings LLC, Summit Microelectronics Inc, Elata Plc, Trigenix Ltd, Spike Technologies Inc, Xiam Technologies Ltd, Iskoot Inc, Nphase QUALCOMM LLC, Snaptrack Inc, Wireless Knowledge, Atheros Inc, Zydas Technology Corp, Intellon Corp, Digital Fountain, Flarion Technologies Inc, Pixtronix Inc JP Morgan, The Chase Manhattan Bank, Washington Mutual Inc, JP MORGAN Providian Bancorp Services, The Bear Stearns Companies Inc, Tumble Forms Inc, First Chicago Corp Apple Inc, Next Inc, Apple Comptuer Inc, Spruce Technologies Inc, P A APPLE Semi Inc, Zayante Inc On2 Technologies Inc, Green Border Technologies, Tonic Systems Pty Ltd, Global IP Solutions Ab, Admobile Inc, Applied Semantics Inc, Brunet Holding Ag, Imageamerica Inc, Doubleclick Inc, Marratech AB, Klipmart Corp, Picasa Inc, Nevenengineering Inc, @Last Software Inc, Metaweb GOOGLE Technologies Inc, Youtube LLC, Dmarc Networks Inc, Postini Corp, Ebooks Technologies Inc, Falk Esolutions Gmbh, Google Inc, Jotspot Inc, Urchin Software Corp, Adscape Media Inc, Ita Software Inc, Terayon Communications Inc, Motorola Mobility Inc, Quantum Bridge Communications Inc, 4homemedia Inc, Kreatel Communications AB,
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PLAYERS MAJOR SUBSIDIARIES Broadbus Technologies Inc, General Instrument Of Canada Ltd, Next Level Communications LLP, Widevine Technologies Inc Gmarket Inc, Rent Com Inc, Internet Auction Co Ltd, Shopping Com Ltd, EBAY Stubhub Inc, Half Com Inc, Ebay Inc, Paypal Inc, E-Dialog Inc, Bill Me Later Inc, Carad Inc AT & T Intellectual Property II LP, AT & T Mobility II LLC, American Telephone & Telegaraph Co, USinternet Working Inc, Interwise Co Ltd, AT & T Corp, Teleport Communications Group Inc, Wayport Inc, Ingenio Inc, Xanboo Inc, Bellsouth Intellectuall Property Corp, Graphic Scanning AT & T Corp, Cingular Wireless, Ameritech Inc, SBC Knowledge Ventures, Bell Telephone Co, Comcast Cellular Communications Inc, American Applied Technology, Metromedia Inc, Yantra Corp, Prodigy Communications LP, Comergent Technologies Inc VISA Playspan Inc, Visa Inc, Authorize Net LLC, Fundamo Ltd, Cybersource Corp Europay International, Orbiscom Ltd, Mondex, Cirrus Systems LLC, MASTERCARD Interbank Card Association, Europay, Mastercard Haley Corp, Fiware Inc, Serve Virtual Enterprises Inc, Harbor Payments AMERICAN EXPRESS Corp, Revolution Money Inc, American Express, Rosenbluth Inc Mint Software Inc, Intuit, Medfusion Inc, Electronic Clearinghouse Inc, INTUIT Employeematters Inc Nextel, US Telecom International Inc, Sprint, American PCS SPRINT Communications LLC, Virgin Mobile USA, Helio LLC, Transworld Telecommunications Inc Research In Motion , 2012244 Ontario Inc, Qnx Software Systems, Arizan Corp, Chalk Media Service Corp, Torch Mobile Inc, Teamon Systems Inc, RESEARCH IN MOTION TAT The Astonishing Tribe AB, Ascendent Systems Inc, Slipstream Data Inc, Cellmania Com Inc, Certicom, M-Stack Ltd, Paratek Microwave Inc ZTE CORPORATION - BOKU INC -
TABLE 6: SEARCH STRINGS
# SEARCH STRINGS HITS FILTER DEFINITION ALL=((smart OR digital* OR electronic OR purchas* OR "NFC" OR "near field communication" OR RFID OR "radio frequency" OR Bluetooth OR "QR" OR "quick response" OR barcode OR Digital wallet "bar code" OR FeliCa OR non-contact OR "SIM" OR "subscriber keywords with identity module" OR "SMS" OR (short ADJ messag* ADJ 1 5328 IPC/USC service*1) OR "WAP" OR "GSM" OR contactless OR "contact combinations for less" OR wireless OR "short range") NEAR5 (pay* OR mobile applications transaction*1 OR transfer* OR commerc* OR financ* OR shop*)) AND (IC=(G06Q* AND (H04M* OR H04W*)) OR UC=(455* AND (705* OR 235*)));
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# SEARCH STRINGS HITS FILTER DEFINITION Core digital wallet 2 IC=(G06Q002032 OR G06Q002036) OR UC=(705/41); 1041 IPC/USC ALL=((smart OR digital* OR electronic OR purchas* OR "NFC" OR "near field communication" OR RFID OR "radio frequency" OR Bluetooth OR "QR" OR "quick response" OR barcode OR "bar code" OR FeliCa OR non-contact OR "SIM" OR "subscriber Digital wallet identity module" OR "SMS" OR (short ADJ messag* ADJ keywords with core 3 462 service*1) OR "WAP" OR "GSM" OR contactless OR "contact IPC/USC for mobile less" OR wireless OR "short range") NEAR20 (pay* OR applications transaction*1 OR transfer* OR commerc* OR financ* OR shop* OR charg*)) AND (IC=(G06Q002032 OR G06Q002036) OR UC=(705/41)); 4 SS1 OR SS2 OR SS3 6248 ALL=((smart OR mobile OR phone OR wireless OR cell* OR "m") Mobile wallet ADJ3 (wallet* OR purse OR vault*)) AND (IC=(G06Q* OR G07F* keywords with 5 OR G06K* OR H04M* OR H04W* OR H04B* OR G06F* OR 1796 IPC/USC H04L*) OR UC=(705* OR 235* OR 455* OR 726* OR 709* OR combinations 707* OR 71550*)); 6 SS4 OR SS5 7916 Mobile wallet CTB=(((digital* OR virtual* OR electronic OR PoS OR "point of sale" OR dongle* OR fob*1 OR desktop OR computer OR "smart card" OR online OR "on line" OR purchas* OR web OR Digital wallet "NFC" OR "near field communication" OR RFID OR "radio keywords with core frequency" OR Bluetooth OR "QR" OR "quick response" OR IPC/USC 7 21260 barcode OR "bar code" OR non-contact OR contactless OR combinations for "contact less" OR "short range") NEAR5 (pay* OR non-mobile transaction*1 OR transfer* OR commerc* OR financ* OR applications shop*))) AND (IC=(G06Q0020* OR G06Q003004 OR G06Q003006) OR UC=(235/380)); Digital wallet ALL=((digital* OR electronic OR "e" OR virtual OR cyber OR keywords with vehic* OR pseudo) ADJ3 (wallet* OR purse OR vault*)) AND IPC/USC 8 (IC=(G06Q* OR G07F* OR G06K* OR H04B* OR G06F* OR 8107 combinations for H04L*) OR UC=(705* OR 235* OR 726* OR 709* OR 707* OR non-mobile 71550*)); applications Non-mobile digital 9 SS7 OR SS8 27294 wallet 10 SS6 AND SS9 32550 Digital wallet SS10 AND ("apple" OR "nokia" OR "google" OR "sony" OR "ebay" OR "e bay" OR "a t & t" OR "at&t" OR "at & t" OR "first Major Players and data" OR "visa" OR "mastercard" OR "master card" OR 11 6810 their subsidiaries in "american express" OR "amex" OR "qualcomm" OR "toshiba" digital wallet OR "motorola" OR "zte" OR "ericsson" OR "ibm" OR "international business machines" OR "gemalto" OR "intuit"
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# SEARCH STRINGS HITS FILTER DEFINITION OR "jp morgan" OR "sprint" OR "research in motion" OR "boku") Geographies Covered US (Granted – Full text), US (Applications – Full text), European (Granted – Full text), European (Applications – Full text), WIPO (Applications – Full text), British (Applications – Full text), Canadian (Granted – Full text), Canadian (Applications – Full text), French (Applications – Full text), German (Utility models – Full text), German (Granted – Full text), German (Applications – Full text), Japanese (Applications – Bibliographic), Korean (Granted/Examined – Bibliographic), Korean (Applications – Bibliographic), Other Authorities (Bibliographic)
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TABLE 7: CLASSIFICATION CODES
IPC DEFINITIONS G06F Electric digital data processing
G06K Recognition of data; presentation of data; record carriers; handling record carriers Data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes; systems or methods specially G06Q adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes, not otherwise provided for G06Q 20/00 Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
G06Q 20/32 Using wireless devices
G06Q 20/36 Using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 30/04 Billing or invoicing
G06Q 30/06 Buying, selling or leasing transactions
G07F Coin-freed or like apparatus
H04B Transmission
H04L Transmission of digital information, e.g. Telegraphic communication
H04M Telephonic communication
H04W Wireless communication networks USC DEFINITIONS 235 Registers
235 / 380 Credit or identification card systems
455 Telecommunications
705 Data processing: financial, business practice, management, or cost/price determination
705 / 41 Having programming of a portable memory device (e.g., IC card, "electronic purse")
707 Data processing: database and file management or data structures
709 Electrical computers and digital processing systems: multicomputer data transferring Data processing: presentation processing of document, operator interface processing, and 715 screen saver display processing 726 Information security
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REFERENCES
1http://googleblog.blogspot.in/2011/09/launching-google-wallet-on-sprint-and.html
2http://gigaom.com/2012/05/08/visa-launches-v-me-digital-wallet-beta-with-buy-com/http://gigaom.com/2012/05/08/visa- launches-v-me-digital-wallet-beta-with-buy-com/
3http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/isis-beefs-up-digital-wallet-with-new-providers/70796
http://www.geekwire.com/2012/isis-big-banks-board-digital-wallet-wireless-giants/
4http://mobilemarketingandtechnology.com/2012/08/09/starbucks-square-deal-boosts-digital-wallet-concept/
5http://www.mobilepaymentstoday.com/article/202187/Report-Apple-turning-on-Passbook-payments-at-its- stores?utm_source=NetWorld%20Alliance&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=EMNAMPT10172012
6http://www.dailyfinance.com/2012/08/20/walmart-backed-mcx-aims-to-dominate-mobile-payments/
7http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20110907005162/en/Mobile-Payment/NFC/mobile-wallet
8http://venturebeat.com/2012/03/08/nfc-mobile-payments-to-hit-74b-by-2015-says-juniper/
http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Mobile-and-Wireless/Google-Wallet-Isis-NFC-Will-Push-Mobile-Payments-to-13-Trillion-708700/
http://pointofsale.com/201209091145/Mobile-POS-News/mobile-payment-transactions-may-quadruple-in-five-years.html
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