Hong Kong SAR and China Case Study
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU NEW INITIATIVES WORKSHOP ON Document: MMS/05 THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT FOR 19 June 2006 FUTURE MOBILE MULTIMEDIA SERVICES Mainz, 21-23 June 2006 THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT FOR FUTURE MOBILE MULTIMEDIA SERVICES THE CASE OF HONG KONG SAR AND CHINA © ITU 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This case study has been prepared by Prof. Xu Yan <[email protected]> of the HKUST Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. The Regulatory Environment for Future Mobile Multimedia Services – The Case of Hong Kong SAR and China is part of a series of Case Studies produced under the New Initiatives Programme of the Office of the Secretary General (OSG) of the International Telecommunication Union. The ITU New Initiatives programme is under the supervision of Lara Srivastava <[email protected]> of the Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU) of ITU. It has been prepared for a workshop to be held 21-23 June 2006, in Mainz, Germany, hosted by the German Federal Network Agency. For more information, see <http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/multimobile>. This paper has benefited from the input and comments of Tim Kelly, Head, Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU) of ITU. The author would like to extend his gratitude to all interviewees for taking the time to discuss and to share insights and information. He is especially grateful to Mr. M.H. Au, Director-General of Telecommunications and the Telecommunications Authority of Hong Kong; Miss Agnes Miu, Group Senior Regulatory Counsel of Hutchison Whampoa Limited; Mr. John Chiu, Chairman of Wireless Technology Industry Association of Hong Kong, and Mr. Franky Lai, Vice President of the Internet and Telecom Association of Hong Kong, for their time and effort to arrange interviews. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union or its membership. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL SITUATION OF HONG KONG SAR AND CHINA .....................................................................4 1.1 PEOPLE AND ECONOMY OF HONG KONG SAR..........................................................................................4 1.2 PEOPLE AND ECONOMY OF CHINA..............................................................................................................4 2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN HONG KONG SAR AND CHINA ..5 2.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY IN HONG KONG SAR .................................5 2.1.1 Fixed-line telephone service.............................................................................................................................6 2.1.2 Cellular mobile service.....................................................................................................................................6 2.1.3 International telephone service ........................................................................................................................7 2.1.4 Broadband.........................................................................................................................................................8 2.2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY IN CHINA .....................................................8 2.2.1 Market reform ...................................................................................................................................................9 2.2.2 Network growth...............................................................................................................................................11 3 MOBILE DATA COMMUNICATIONS IN HONG KONG SAR.......................................................................12 3.1 3G AND ITS IMPACT ON MOBILE MARKET RESTRUCTURING ............................................................12 3.2 MOBILE DATA COMMUNICATIONS USAGE.............................................................................................14 3.2.1 Mobile/media Convergence ............................................................................................................................14 3.2.2 Synergy of Corporate Resources and Strategies............................................................................................15 3.2.3 Fixed/mobile convergence ..............................................................................................................................15 4 MOBILE DATA COMMUNICATIONS IN CHINA ............................................................................................17 4.1 THE CHINESE MOBILE MARKET: A DUOPOLY IN OPERATION ...........................................................17 4.2 THE TALE OF SMS IN CHINA.........................................................................................................................18 4.2.1 Availability of Alternative Communications Means ......................................................................................19 4.2.2 Cultural Differences........................................................................................................................................20 4.2.3 Market Competition ........................................................................................................................................20 4.2.4 Business Models..............................................................................................................................................21 4.2.5 Political Censorship........................................................................................................................................21 4.2.6 Input Language ...............................................................................................................................................21 4.3 HOW MOBILE DATA SERVICES HAVE BECOME A CASH COW FOR CHINA MOBILE.....................22 5 REGULATORY ISSUES REGARDING MOBILE MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS IN HONG KONG...................................................................................................................................................................................23 5.1 TECHNOLOGY NEUTRALITY .......................................................................................................................23 5.2 SPECTRUM POLICY.........................................................................................................................................24 5.2.1 Urgency for Flexibility in Spectrum Trade ....................................................................................................25 5.2.2 Consistency of Spectrum Regulation..............................................................................................................26 5.2.3 Convergence and Spectrum Regulation .........................................................................................................26 5.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................................28 5.4 DRM AND COPYRIGHT...................................................................................................................................29 5.5 UNSOLICITED ELECTRONIC MESSAGING (SPAMMING).......................................................................30 5.6 HARMFUL CONTENT......................................................................................................................................32 5.7 NETWORK INTERCONNECTION ..................................................................................................................32 5.8 MARKET COMPETITION AND NETWORK ACCESS .................................................................................33 5.9 PRICING, AFFORDABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY ................................................................................34 5.10 PRIVACY............................................................................................................................................................34 6 REGULATORY ISSUES REGARDING MOBILE MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS IN CHINA.....35 6.1 TECHNOLOGY NEUTRALITY .......................................................................................................................35 6.2 SPECTRUM POLICY.........................................................................................................................................36 6.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................................37 6.4 COPYRIGHT ......................................................................................................................................................37 6.5 HARMFUL CONTENT AND SPAMMING......................................................................................................38 6.6 MARKET COMPETITION AND NETWORK ACCESS .................................................................................39 6.7 PRIVACY............................................................................................................................................................39 6.8 GOVERNANCE ON MISCONDUCT OF CONTENT PROVIDERS..............................................................40 7 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................41 1. GENERAL SITUATION OF HONG KONG SAR AND CHINA 1.1 PEOPLE AND ECONOMY OF HONG KONG SAR Hong Kong1 became