Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric
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Persistent Neurobehavioral Problems Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 16 (2001) 561–570 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/acn/article/16/6/561/2043 by guest on 23 September 2021 Persistent neurobehavioral problems following mild traumatic brain injury Lawrence C. Hartlagea,*, Denise Durant-Wilsona, Peter C. Patcha,b aAugusta Neuropsychology Center, 4227 Evans to Locks Road, Evans, GA 30809, USA bUS Penitentiary, Atlanta, GA, USA Accepted 9 May 2000 Abstract Accumulating research documents typical rates in the range of 85% of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) showing prompt, complete resolution with 15% suffering from persistent neurobehavioral impairments. Studies of neurobehavioral symptoms of MTBI have not separated these two populations, resulting in either inconclusive or contradictory conclusions concerning the relationship of MTBI with residual behavioral problems. This project studied 70 MTBI patients with persistent neurobehavioral problems at two time intervals post-injury to determine whether there are consistent neurobehavioral patterns considered to be sequelae of MTBI. A matched group of 40 normal subjects provided control data. While most behavioral problems showed improvement, 21% tended to show significant behavioral impairment compared to controls at 12 or more months post-injury. Neurochemical bases of neuronal degeneration may account for some of the behavioral deterioration following MTBI. D 2001 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Keywords: Persistent neurobehavioral problems; Brain; MTBI The scientific -
Raising a Healthy Child: a Family’S Guide to Local Resources for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Table of Contents 1
Raising a Healthy Child: A Family’s Guide to Local Resources for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Table of Contents 1. Resources for Your Baby’s Development.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2. Monitoring Your Baby’s Development.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 3. Children with Developmental Delays . 7 4. What You Can Do for Your Baby’s Development ........8 5. Find Support from Peers/Professionals . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 6. Medicaid Waiver Program.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 7. School-Based Preschool Programs for Children with Developmental Delays . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 8. Other Helpful Resources.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 9. Developmental Milestones Checklist . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Dear Families, The Arc of Evansville, Deaconess Women’s Hospital, and St. Mary’s Hospital for Women & Children have partnered with the Welborn Baptist Foundation to develop and distribute a resource guide for families. This resource guide, “Raising a Healthy Child: A Family’s Guide to Local Resources for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers,” provides information to families about a variety of resources for parents of infants and young children that are available in the local community. In addition, the resource guide includes information about state and national organizations that can be helpful to families. Also included are resources that can be accessed online at any time using the Internet, as well as general guidance on common questions and concerns parents often have after they leave the hospital. The resource guide has a great deal of information about services and supports for children with developmental disabilities or developmental delays. While many families will never need these types of services, the resource guide will be distributed to all families who deliver a baby at Deaconess Women’s Hospital and St. -
Psychopharmacology: a Comprehensive Review
Psychopharmacology: A Comprehensive Review 1) The association between a chemical compound and its biological activity, pioneered by Bovet and colleagues in the 1930s is known as a) Symbiosis b) Structure-activity relationship c) Mechanism of Action d) Half-life 2) A study by Jong H. Hoon in 2013 suggests that the circuit connecting the prefrontal cortex with the _____ is a site of communication disturbance in schizophrenics. a) Ventral horn b) Basal ganglia c) Pons d) Medulla 3) The primary function of the hypothalamus is a) Homeostasis b) Balance c) Memory d) Communication 4) The thalamus plays an important role in receiving and filtering all sensory information except a) Visual b) Gustatory c) Olfactory d) Touch 5) The primary function of the Medulla is a) Sensory analysis and movement b) Short term memory c) Receptive language d) Regulation of breathing and heart rate 6) The primary function of the Pons is a) Sensory analysis and movement b) Short term memory c) Receptive language d) Regulation of breathing and heart rate ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com 7) Which is not a main function of glial cells? a) Nourishing neurons b) Electrical signaling and synaptic communications c) Help in the removal of waste products from the neurons d) Insulate neurons 8) Which is an example of action potential which inhibits axonal transmission by blocking the excitatory channels on the postsynaptic neuron as well as lowering the rate of action potential coming from the presynaptic neuron? a) Alcohol b) Valproic -
A Comparison of Flashbacks and Ordinary Autobiographical
Behaviour Research and Therapy 42 (2004) 1–12 www.elsevier.com/locate/brat A comparison of flashbacks and ordinary autobiographical memories of trauma: content and language Steph J. Hellawell a,∗, Chris R. Brewin b a Royal Holloway, University of London, UK b University College, London, UK Received 12 November 2002; received in revised form 11 March 2003; accepted 12 March 2003 Abstract We investigated hypotheses derived from the dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder, which proposes that flashbacks and ordinary memories of trauma are supported by different types of rep- resentation. Sixty-two participants meeting diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder completed a detailed written trauma narrative, and afterwards identified those sections in the narrative that had been written in flashback and ordinary memory periods. As predicted, flashback periods were characterised by greater use of detail, particularly perceptual detail, by more mentions of death, more use of the present tense, and more mention of fear, helplessness, and horror. In contrast, ordinary memory sections were characterised by more mention of secondary emotions such as guilt and anger. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Memory; PTSD; Trauma; Flashback; Narrative 1. Introduction The intense revisualizations of the traumatic scene (commonly known as “flashbacks”) reported by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been conceptualized both as a distinct form of memory (e.g., Brewin, 2001; Brewin, Dalgleish, & Joseph, 1996) and as a more frag- mented and disorganized form of ordinary autobiographical memory (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2001; Foa & Riggs, 1993). Previously (Hellawell & Brewin, 2002) we presented evidence that parts of a trauma narrative labeled by PTSD patients as corresponding to periods of flashback ∗ Corresponding author. -
Social-Emotional Benefits of Drumtastic Ability Beats® Dyadic Partnership Between a College Veteran with PTSD and an Elementary Student in a Special Education Setting
Therapeutic Recreation Journal Therapeutic Recreation Journal VOL. LIII, NO. 2 • pp. 175–184 • 2019 https://doi.org/10.18666/TRJ-2019-V53-I2-9129 Case Report Social-Emotional Benefits of Drumtastic Ability Beats® Dyadic Partnership between a College Veteran with PTSD and an Elementary Student in a Special Education Setting Lyn Litchke Abstract Casey Finley This case report investigated Drumtastic Ability Beats® in an elementary Special Education program highlight- ing the relationship between a college veteran with PTSD partnered with a student with intellectual developmental disorder and ADHD. The results pre-post for the veteran showed Perceived Stress Scale improved 22.7%; Hospi- tal Anxiety and Depression Scale- Anxiety decreased 37.5%, and Depression increased by 37.5%. Less than 1% positive change on both the Physical Activity Enjoy- ment Scale and Connor Davidson Resiliency Scale. The student Social Personal Relationship Scale increased 54% in relating to others and 51% in self-responsible social behavior. Smiley-o-Meter demonstrated improved mood from a 3 nervous/unsocial to 8 excited/delighted. This study demonstrates the value of TR interventions in a special education program in a school setting with regard to social-emotional behaviors. Keywords ADHD, drumming, intellectual disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, social-emotional, special education Lyn Litchke is an associate professor of Therapeutic Recreation in the Department of Health and Human Performance at Texas State University. Casey Finley is currently pursuing a master’s degree in Recreation and Leisure Sciences with a concentration in Therapeutic Recreation at Texas State University. Please send correspondence to Lyn Litchke, [email protected] 175 Litchke and Finley The purpose of this case report was to explore the social-emotional benefits of Drumtastic Ability Beats® dyadic drumming as a therapeutic recreation (TR) inter- vention in an elementary special education school setting. -
Compreheneon of Time. SPONS AGENCY North Carolina Univ., Greensboro
DOCUMENT RESUla ED 273 394 PS 016 064 AUTHOR Calvert, Sandra L.; Scott, N. Catherine TITLE Television Production Feature Effects on Children's Compreheneon of Time. SPONS AGENCY North Carolina Univ., Greensboro. PUB DATE Aug 86 NOTE 16p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (Washington, DC, August 22-26, 1986). PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) -- Speeches/Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Age Differences; *Audi,ory Stimuli; *Comprehension; Elementary Education; *Elementary School Students; Sex Differences; *Television Viewing; *Time; *Visual Stimuli ABSTRACT Children's temporal comprehension was assessed after viewing a television program containing flashbacks that shifted the events to much earlier times. Flashbacks were marked or not marked with sound effects, and time relations were represented with either dreamy dissolves or abrupt camera cuts. A total of 64 children, equally distributed by sex and by grades kindergarten and first versus fourth and fifth, participated in individual viewing sessions. After viewing, children sequenced picture sets to assess temporal integration of the plot line and answered questions to assess comprehension of the flashbacks. Results indicated that young children understood temporal concepts best after viewing camera dissolves, but older boys understood concepts of real time best after viewing camera cuts. The results suggest that formal features differentially activate mental skills, depending on children's -
Short-Term Treatment Outcome of Schizophrenia in a Tertiary Hospital
Bangladesh Journal Psychiatry, December, 2012;26(2) An Original Article ________________________ Short-term treatment outcome of Schizophrenia in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh *Shahidullah M1, Mullick MSI2, Nahar JS3, Rahman W4, Ahmed HU5, Siddike MA6, Khaled MS7, Miah MZ8 Summary Schizophrenia may have a better outcome in low- and middle-income countries. It is required to see outcome of schizophrenia in Bangladesh. Specific objective of this study is to assess the outcome of short-term follow-up of patients with schizophrenia. Patients with a SCID-l/p diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=42) were assessed prospectively at baseline, at 6-week and at 6-month follow-up. Socio-demographic and relevant variables and questionnaire for family support and previous work record for the study were read in front of the patients and guardians and were filled up by the researchers. Psychopathological measurements was applied at base line by researchers and at 6-week and at 6-month by research assistant for the study population Follow-up data were available for 38 patients at 6-month and among them 86.85% achieved partial remission, 7.89% had not responded and 5.26% had relapsed. Drug treatment outcome of schizophrenia in Bangladesh is better in short-term follow-up. Increasedfamily support and early management by drugs should be a target for intervention. Bang J Psychiatry 2012; 26(2); 44-56 1. *Dr. Mohammad Shahid Ullah, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Eastern Medical College, Comilla, Cell-01711316822, e-mail: [email protected] 2. Professor MSI Mullick, Chairman and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. -
Total Otherness in Dissociative Identity Disorder Yochai Ataria And
Otherness: Essays and Studies September 2013 Total Otherness in Dissociative Identity Disorder Yochai Ataria and Eli Somer 1. Introduction Dissociation can be defined in three distinct ways: (1) a disintegration of normally integrated mental modules or systems (compartmentalization); (2) an altered state of consciousness (detachment); and (3) a defense mechanism. The last definition basically reflects the function of the first two definitions, as in the face of intolerable and inescapable stress, compartmentalization of adverse experiences and detachment from both body and environs, can be effective emotional buffers against traumatic experiences. To be less formal, however, dissociation is a situation in which one tends to feel a stranger in one’s world, one's body and often, a stranger to oneself. Clearly then, dissociation as a phenomenon can tell us much about what it is like to be the other. In this paper we will describe the dissociative experience of being-in-the-world. In doing this we will explore the phenomenology of Otherness as experienced by Gal - an eloquent sixty year-old woman who suffers from DID. DID is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities, or dissociated personality states, which alternately control a person's behavior. Gal was interviewed in four open interviews, lasting a total of eight hours. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and then analyzed, with grounded theory as our guiding method. We followed data analysis guidelines outlined by 1 Otherness: Essays and Studies September 2013 Glaser and Strauss (1967), remaining true, as far as possible, to the interviewee’s terminology and expressions, on which we based our inductive reasoning. -
3 a Basic Systems Account of Trauma Memories in PTSD: Is More Needed?
3 A basic systems account of trauma memories in PTSD: is more needed? David C. Rubin The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary of our current knowledge of autobiographical memory at the behavioral and neural level and how it can be applied to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a disorder whose diagnostic criteria and symptoms depend on autobio- graphical memory. I start with everyday memories in nonclinical popula- tions because it is unlikely on theoretical and empirical grounds that changes in autobiographical memory in PTSD occur for just trauma- related memories rather than for autobiographical memories in general (Rubin et al., 2008a; 2008b; 2011). In addition, based on just the diagnostic symptoms of PTSD, there is good reason to examine general changes in autobiographical memory. The reliving, avoidance, and arousal symptoms of PTSD are not exclusive to the memory of the index trauma on which diagnosis is made. Rather, they extend to memories related to the index trauma in various ways from low-level direct percep- tual matches to very abstract and symbolic similarities. Even repetitive intrusive memories do not have to repeat verbatim but can relate to different aspects of a trauma (Berntsen & Rubin, 2008). Avoidance symptoms include avoiding situations a neutral observer may not think would be reminders of the trauma. Arousal symptoms involving hyper- vigilance extend to more than appropriate trauma-related vigilance, and the increased startle response symptom results from stimuli unrelated to the trauma. The section immediately following this brief introduction is titled “Autobiographical Memories are Constructed.” Memories are con- structed in the sense that processes create the memories anew each time they are recalled rather than retrieving a stored fixed version of the past. -
Understanding Your Mental Wellbeing
Understanding Your Mental Wellbeing A Brief Introduction to the Science of Mental Wellbeing This workbook is uncopyrighted. Please feel free to share it on your website with an attribution and a link to our website. CONTENTS 1 Problems With the Current Approach to Mental Health 2 Causes of Poor Mental Wellbeing 5 Parenting Styles Associated with Poor Mental Wellbeing 6 How Poor Parenting Affects Your Relationships 8 The Subordinate Approval Trap 9 Dr Paul Gilbert's Evolutionary Model of Mental Wellbeing 11 Your Personal Signs of Poor Mental Wellbeing 12 Understanding Panic Attacks 13 How to Improve Your Mental Wellbeing THE WELLNESS SOCIETY PROBLEMS WITH THE CURRENT APPROACH TO MENTAL HEALTH Common mental health problems outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) include: » Depression » Generalised anxiety disorder » Social anxiety disorder » Panic disorder » Phobias » Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) This language of ‘disorders’ – the medical/disease model – has been heavily criticised for a long time. “Deeply flawed and scientifically unsound.” – Professor Allen Frances, the Chair of the DSM-4 committee “Totally wrong, an absolute scientific nightmare.” - Dr Steven Hyman, former National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) director “It undermines genuine empathy and compassion; instead of seeing the people’s difficulties as understandable and natural responses to terrible things that have happened to them, the person is seen as having something wrong with them – an ‘illness’.” – Professor Peter Kinderman, former Vice-President of the British Psychological Society (BPS) The NHS website also outlines two main criticisms of the current diagnostic approach: 1. -
Signifying Trauma in the Post-9/11 Combat Film: the Hurt Locker and in the Valley of Elah Introduction This Article Addresses T
Signifying Trauma in the Post-9/11 Combat Film: The Hurt Locker and In the Valley of Elah Introduction This article addresses two Iraq War films, The Hurt Locker (Bigelow 2008) and In the Valley of Elah (Haggis 2007), through the lens of trauma theory. Uniquely, it engages with Slavoj Žižek’s account of the Real in its analysis of how victim/perpetrator trauma is signified in their respective narrative structures and visual style. The primary argument is that the pattern of traumatic memory is reflected in their narrative modes. At the same time, it claims that the unfolding narrative of In the Valley of Elah mimics certain forms of trauma treatment, operating in a therapeutic mode for its characters (as well as offering narrative resolution for spectators). Such analysis of trauma differs from other scholarly approaches to these films that have variously considered them from perspectives of: embodiment in the war film (Burgoyne 2012); the ethics of viewing traumatic suffering (Straw 2011); the de-politicisation of torture by the inclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Barker 2011); indifference to post-9/11 war films as an inability to respond to the trauma and loss that terrorism poses (Toffoletti and Grace 2010); trauma and the militarised body (Andreescu 2016); and the narration of trauma in Iraq War Films (Kopka 2018). To some extent Katalina Kopka’s analysis is comparable to the argument here because she examines how Kathryn Bigelow incorporates traumatic memory into the narrative fabric of The Hurt Locker. Specifically, she claims that the narrative is ‘organized by the principle of repetition compulsion’ (2018: 108) in the way that all bomb disposals featured in the film follow a similar structure and there is a mirroring of certain scenes. -
A TRANSFORMATIVE MOMENT a New Name, and a Leap Forward in Medical Education
FALL 2016 medicineTHE ROBERT LARNER, M.D. COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT A TRANSFORMATIVE MOMENT A new name, and a leap forward in medical education. JUNE 2-4 2017 ALSO FEATURED: ▲ Genomic Revolution ▲ Anethesiology History RECONNECT FOR REAL! REUNION E VENTS INCLUDE: Medical Education Today Session • Alumni Awards & Reception Medical Alumni Picnic • Tours of the College Clinical Simulation Lab • Nostalgia Hour • Class Receptions For more information visit uvm.edu/medicine/alumni PROFILES IN GIVING VERMONT LARNER COLLEGE OF MEDICINE MAGAZINE The Doctors are In 2 From the Dean 3 College News The UVM Alumni House opened in September, and the Larner College of Medicine is well represented in the structure, A Vice-Presidential visit, a helping hand thanks to more than 30 dual-degree alumni who contributed to the fundraising effort to name a space in the new venue. for the homeless, celebrations of research In recognition of a leadership gift, the room has been named the Harry J. Anton, ’37 M.D.’40 & Raymond J. Anton, and white coats, and more. M.D.’70 Medical Alumni Association Room. Alumni House is a welcoming location where alums from across the class years can gather when they return to campus for reunion and various other events. features This effort was endorsed by the Alumni Executive Committee of the Medical Alumni Association. The College gratefully acknowledge these medical alumni who contributed $5,000 10 14 20 or more to this unique fundraising effort: Ray Anton M.D.’70 Cheryl Davis ’74, M.D.’78 Susan Pitman Lowenthal ’65, M.D.’69 A.Rees Midgley ’55, M.D.’58 Marvin Nierenberg ’57, M.D.’60 Kennith Sartorelli ’82, M.D.’87 Paul Rutkowski ’59, M.D.’63 Ruth A.