Central North Sea CO2 Cluster

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Central North Sea CO2 Cluster Central North Sea CO2 Cluster Chris Bryceland Why the Central North Sea? l Majority of UK emissions sources are based on or near East Coast l The UK needs a large and safe offshore CO₂ storage network l Large number of aquifers and depleted oil and gas fields are in CNS Affordable l Characterised storage sites l Power/industrial cluster potenHal l Employment safeguarding and creaon l ExisHng expert supply chain l Significant exisHng and re-usable infrastructure l Re-use of depleHng hydrocarbon fields and paid for infrastructure l Best value for money opHon for UK l PotenHal to enable wider CCS deployment across EU 2020 Deliverable l MulHple stakeholder support l Supply chain capability and capacity l Geological appraisal of numerous storage sites completed l World leading academic/industry collaboraon l World leading demonstraon of CCS l Increased supply chain capability and export growth l EU scale storage capacity 2030 Diverse l Hydrocarbon reservoirs linked to wider aquifer storage capacity l EOR potenHal providing increased tax revenue l Fit with DECC ambiHon to extend producHon life of North Sea Oil & Gas l Shipping infrastructure potenHal l Scalable to provide storage soluHons for EU CCS projects l Increased storage/EOR potenHal from depleHng hydrocarbon fields 2050 There has been lots of studies focused on CCS. Latest study we have commissioned led by Element Energy looking at the detailed infrastructure requirements for the creation of a Central North Sea CO2 Hub. Report will be published later this year Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report 10.2 CO2 capture 10.2.1 Screening Average Technolo Emission, gy Emitter tonnes/year selection Plot availability score SCR FGD Polisher Amine Oxy Physical Solvent Easy Medium Complex CHP OSBL Aberdeen Compressor Station 27832.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Aberdeen Royal Infirmary 16224.25 Amine 3 Y Y Y Y Y Physical AHLSTROM CHIRNSIDE LIMITED 22746.25 Solvent 1 Y Y Y Y Animal Feeds Plant 41998 Amine 3 Y Y Y Y Y Ardeer Site 0 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Physical Arjo Wiggins Fine Papers Ltd 58659.75 Solvent 2 Y Y Arnish Point 1100.25 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ayrshire (Hunterston) Power Plant 9108000 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Balcas Invergordon 0 2 Y Y Bathgate Compressor Station 0 1 Y Y Y Y Y Battery Point Power Station 3620.75 Amine 2 Y Y Y Y Y Beattock Compressor Station 47247.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Biomass CHP Fort William (Corpach) 34644 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Dundee 79891.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Forss 8388.576254 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Fort William (Corpach Biomass Energy Plant) 13315.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Georgemass 8388.576254 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Grangemouth 79891.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Inverurie 11317.92 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Kincardine (Longannet) 16644 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Leith 133152 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Markinch 33288 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Rosyth 79891.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Speyside 4660.32 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Brigghouse Bay Compressor Station 65096.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y CalaChem Ltd 20198.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Caledonian Cheese Co Ltd Stranraer 13213 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Cameronbridge (Leven) Bioenergy Facility 34644 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Cameronbridge Distillery 32238.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Ciba Specialty Chemicals 14627 Amine 2 Y Y Y Y Y Y Cockenzie CCPP Power Plant 3123000 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Cockenzie Power Station 3086938.75 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Curtis Fine Papers Ltd, Guardbridge 0 1 Y Y 143 Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report most technically feasible sites for retrofit capture installation, assuming the highest feasible levels of CO2 capture. Table 4 Bare erected costs, Total Overnight Costs and Annual opex for retrofit capture projects in Scotland (REF: AMEC) Bare Total erected Contingen Overnight Annual ope x/ Name Sector MtCO2/yr cost/ £m cy Cost / £m £m/yr Longannet Power Station Coal 7.7 £1,292 £2,257 £3,549 £71 Cockenzie Power Station Coal 3.09 £353 £617 £970 £19 Peterhead Power Station CCGT 2.81 £263 £460 £723 £14 Grangemouth Refining Downstream 1.63 £115 £201 £315 £6 Grangemouth Olefins Chemicals 0.88 £58 £101 £159 £3 Grangemouth CHP Industrial 0.72 £33 £57 £90 £2 Fife Ethylene Plant Chemicals 0.66 £39 £68 £107 £2 Grangemouth Power Station Industrial 0.6 £25 £44 £69 £1 Lafarge Cement UK - Dunbar Cement 0.5 £28 £49 £78 £2 SAGE Terminal Midstream 0.33 £10 £18 £29 £1 Tullis Russell Papermakers Pulp & Paper 0.25 £0 £0 £0 £0 Flotta Oil Terminal Midstream 0.23 £6 £10 £16 £0 DSM Dalry Food & Drink 0.17 £4 £7 £11 £0 Shell UK Ltd Fife NGL Plant Chemicals 0.16 £6 £10 £16 £0 St Fergus North Sea Gas Terminal Midstream 0.13 £3 £5 £7 £0 Fife Power Station CCGT 0.12 £2 £4 £7 £0 Lerwick Power Station CCGT 0.08 £1 £3 £4 £0 Norbord Limited Minerals 0.07 £2 £4 £6 £0 Compressor Station Gas Compressor 0.07 £1 £2 £3 £0 Total E&P UK plc Midstream 0.06 £1 £2 £3 £0 3.2 CO2 supply from England and Europe 3.2.1 CO2 supply from England to the Central North Sea The two carbon intensive regions with the most active CCS programmes in England are Yorkshire and the Tees Valley. In both these regions, like in Scotland, stakeholders have spent several years developing CCS projects and transport infrastructure plans. With the support of European funding associated with the Don Valley Power Project, National Grid Carbon has progressed the plans for an integrated onshore CO2 pipeline network that were originally conceived by Yorkshire Forward with AMEC. The proposed route and design of the pipeline network allows CO2 to be gathered from multiple power and industrial sources. The White Rose oxyfuel CCS project would initially be expected to supply 2-3 MtCO2/yr from a new coal power station. However, conceivably many tens of MtCO2/yr could be captured if multiple sources join the network. National Grid is currently appraising a storage site in the Southern North Sea, although offshore routing to the Central North Sea has not been ruled out, providing an opportunity for Scotland to influence this decision. 33 Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report Figure 10 LongannetLongannet Power Staon - Host to Scosh Power’s 300MW CCS Project power station – host for Scottish Power’s 300 MWe scale CCS Project proposal Cockenzie Power Station The coal power station at Cockenzie is being replaced a gas power station. In keeping with the CCS Directive, the new power station will be “capture ready”. 3.1.5 Industrial capture sites in Scotland The difficulty and cost of industrial capture retrofit are even harder to predict accurately than the cost of a new build. There are a number of factors that make a retrofit complex, such as the extent of integration to the host plant, reliance of host plant for utilities, number of interfacing process streams, control and instrumentation, power and heat requirements, access, land availability and location, impact on process and occupational safety. 28 Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report Grangemouth Petrochemical Complex Figure 11 Grangemouth petrochemical complex comprises several large CO2 point sources Complex application of retrofit is typified by the Grangemouth refining and chemicals complex, Figure 11. Here the single site contains not only heat and power provision but also process vents. These vents all have to be routed to a capture plant. However as with all process plant the vent system is critical as in many cases any changes to it may result in the process changing or the safety case for the plant being affected. The main site power plant is actually in the middle of the complex and the process units are arrayed around the site. If retrofit capture is applied then the use of a common facility would be centred adjacent to the power plant. Flue gas streams would be routed across the site, with additional pressure support if needed. This is highly complex and space intensive. Refinery or chemical complexes are diverse processes and the emissions from such sites are from multiple sources. In addition intermittent flaring will always account for some of the annual emissions and this is unlikely to be recoverable. No two refineries are identical as each will use different technologies at various scales depending on the incoming crude and outgoing product profile. The sources of emissions are typically process units, process fired heaters and associated utility supply where fossil fuels are combusted to generate heat (steam) and power for the site. Each unit will have its particular issues such as varying contaminants and concentration levels. 29 IniHally focus will be on Power Sector with Industrial CCS following. There is the potenHal for some quick wins - Industrial sites in Scotland typically less than 10km from potenHal pipeline routes! Innovaon will drive down cost of capture in the long term but in order to drive this we need to act now and work together with Industry and Academia alike.
Recommended publications
  • Scotland, Nuclear Energy Policy and Independence Raphael J. Heffron
    Scotland, Nuclear Energy Policy and Independence EPRG Working Paper 1407 Cambridge Working Paper in Economics 1457 Raphael J. Heffron and William J. Nuttall Abstract This paper examines the role of nuclear energy in Scotland, and the concerns for Scotland as it votes for independence. The aim is to focus directly on current Scottish energy policy and its relationship to nuclear energy. The paper does not purport to advise on a vote for or against Scottish independence but aims to further the debate in an underexplored area of energy policy that will be of value whether Scotland secures independence or further devolution. There are four central parts to this paper: (1) consideration of the Scottish electricity mix; (2) an analysis of a statement about nuclear energy made by the Scottish energy minister; (3) examination of nuclear energy issues as presented in the Scottish Independence White Paper; and (4) the issue of nuclear waste is assessed. A recurrent theme in the analysis is that whether one is for, against, or indifferent to new nuclear energy development, it highlights a major gap in Scotland’s energy and environmental policy goals. Too often, the energy policy debate from the Scottish Government perspective has been reduced to a low-carbon energy development debate between nuclear energy and renewable energy. There is little reflection on how to reduce Scottish dependency on fossil fuels. For Scotland to aspire to being a low-carbon economy, to decarbonising its electricity market, and to being a leader within the climate change community, it needs to tackle the issue of how to stop the continuation of burning fossil fuels.
    [Show full text]
  • Surfing and the Future of Scotlands Seas
    Scottish Marine Recreational Resources: Surfing and the Future of Scotland’s Seas PREPARED 23 Jan 2013 Prepared by W. Watson The Scottish Surfing Federation January 2013 Contents Forward..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1) Understanding Changes in the Marine Environment.....................................................................................................................................4 1.1) What is RenewaBle Energy? ........................................................................................................................................................................4 1.2) So what is the scale of Scotland’s Renewable Industry? .................................................................................................................6 1.3) The Units of Power and Energy in layman’s terms............................................................................................................................6 1.4) Benchmarking Power CaPacities of existing Scottish Power SuPPlies .....................................................................................7 1.5) The History of Scotlands Renewables – The Hydro Schemes 1900 - 2000.............................................................................7 1.6) Onshore Wind 2000 - 2012..........................................................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2012
    Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2012 Production team: Iain MacLeay Kevin Harris Anwar Annut and chapter authors A National Statistics publication London: TSO © Crown Copyright 2012 All rights reserved First published 2012 ISBN 9780115155284 Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics Enquiries about statistics in this publication should be made to the contact named at the end of the relevant chapter. Brief extracts from this publication may be reproduced provided that the source is fully acknowledged. General enquiries about the publication, and proposals for reproduction of larger extracts, should be addressed to Kevin Harris, at the address given in paragraph XXIX of the Introduction. The Department of Energy and Climate Change reserves the right to revise or discontinue the text or any table contained in this Digest without prior notice. About TSO's Standing Order Service The Standing Order Service, open to all TSO account holders, allows customers to automatically receive the publications they require in a specified subject area, thereby saving them the time, trouble and expense of placing individual orders, also without handling charges normally incurred when placing ad-hoc orders. Customers may choose from over 4,000 classifications arranged in 250 sub groups under 30 major subject areas. These classifications enable customers to choose from a wide variety of subjects, those publications that are of special interest to them. This is a particularly valuable service for the specialist library or research body. All publications will be dispatched immediately after publication date. Write to TSO, Standing Order Department, PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN, quoting reference 12.01.013.
    [Show full text]
  • Birkett, Derek G
    SUBMISSION FROM DEREK G BIRKETT Security of Scotland’s Energy Supply Personal Introduction The author has had a lifetime of working experience in the electricity supply industry, retiring at the millenium after twenty years as a grid control engineer under both state and privatised operation. Previous experience on shift were on coal and hydro plant for a decade, with the CEGB and NofSHEB. A further decade was spent on project installation and commissioning at five power station locations across the UK of which two were coal and three nuclear including Dounreay PFR. The latter experience gave chartered status on a basis of an engineering degree from Leeds University. Upon retirement, commitment was given as a technical witness for two public inquiries opposing wind farm applications as well as being an independent witness at the strategic session of the Beauly/Denny public inquiry. In 2010 a book was published entitled ‘When will the Lights go out?’ leading to public presentations, three of which were held in London. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/917/0088330.pdf (page 72) Basic Principles As a commodity electricity cannot be stored to any degree and must therefore be produced on demand. As an essential service to modern society its provision is highly dependent upon a narrow field of specialised technical expertise. The unified GB Grid is a dynamic entity, inherently unstable. Transmission interconnection of various supply sources provide security and enable significant capital and operational savings. However bulk transmission of power brings power losses, mitigated by siting generation in proximity to consumer demand. Maintaining system balance on a continual basis is critical for system security, not just with active power but also reactive power that enables voltage (pressure) levels to be maintained.
    [Show full text]
  • National Planning Framework for Scotland 2 Wealthier and Fairer
    NATIONAL PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR SCOTLAND 2 WEALTHIER AND FAIRER GREENER SMARTER SAFER AND STRONGER HEALTHIER CONTENTS Paragraph INTRODUCTION 1 KEY CHALLENGES 11 ECONOMIC STRATEGY 12 The Importance of Place 13 NATIONAL PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR SCOTLAND 2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 15 Climate Change 16 Transport 21 Energy 25 Waste 27 Biodiversity 28 New Technologies 29 PEOPLE AND HOUSEHOLDS 31 SCOTLAND IN THE WORLD 36 Europe 37 United Kingdom 42 SCOTLAND – 2030 44 A GROWING ECONOMY 45 A GREENER SCOTLAND 48 STRONGER, SMARTER, HEALTHIER AND SAFER COMMUNITIES 50 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 53 The Cities and their Regions 54 Sustainable Growth 58 Housing 72 Sustainable Communities 78 Built Environment 79 Regeneration 85 Vacant and Derelict Land 89 Greening the Environment 92 Landscape and Cultural Heritage 97 Marine and Coastal Environment 101 Paragraph INFRASTRUCTURE 103 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 104 TRANSPORT 106 External Links 114 Internal Connectivity 128 Sustainable Transport and Land Use 136 NATIONAL PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR SCOTLAND 2 ENERGY Renewable Energy 144 Baseload Power Stations 151 Fossil Fuels 154 Electricity Transmission 157 Sub-Sea Grid 162 Heat 163 Decentralised Production 164 WASTE MANAGEMENT Municipal, Commercial and Industrial Waste 166 Radioactive Waste 171 WATER AND DRAINAGE 174 WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND FLOODING 177 COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY 180 SPATIAL PERSPECTIVES 183 CENTRAL BELT City Collaboration 186 Edinburgh Waterfront 187 West Edinburgh 188 East Central Scotland 189 Clyde Corridor 191 Clyde Waterfront 194 Clyde Gateway 198 Making the Connections 199 Green Network 202 EAST COAST 203 HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS 211 AYRSHIRE AND THE SOUTH-WEST 224 SOUTH OF SCOTLAND 232 Paragraph MAKING IT HAPPEN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 239 DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT 240 ACTION PROGRAMME 243 ENQUIRIES 245 Page ANNEX: NATIONAL NATIONAL PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR SCOTLAND 2 DEVELOPMENTS – STATEMENTS OF NEED 102 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Vision for Scotland's Electricity and Gas Networks
    A vision for Scotland’s electricity and gas networks DETAIL 2019 - 2030 A vision for scotland’s electricity and gas networks 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: SUPPORTING OUR ENERGY SYSTEM 03 The policy context 04 Supporting wider Scottish Government policies 07 The gas and electricity networks today 09 CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING THE NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE 13 Electricity 17 Gas 24 CHAPTER 3: COORDINATING THE TRANSITION 32 Regulation and governance 34 Whole system planning 36 Network funding 38 CHAPTER 4: SCOTLAND LEADING THE WAY – INNOVATION AND SKILLS 39 A vision for scotland’s electricity and gas networks 3 CHAPTER 1: SUPPORTING OUR ENERGY SYSTEM A vision for scotland’s electricity and gas networks 4 SUPPORTING OUR ENERGY SYSTEM Our Vision: By 2030… Scotland’s energy system will have changed dramatically in order to deliver Scotland’s Energy Strategy targets for renewable energy and energy productivity. We will be close to delivering the targets we have set for 2032 for energy efficiency, low carbon heat and transport. Our electricity and gas networks will be fundamental to this progress across Scotland and there will be new ways of designing, operating and regulating them to ensure that they are used efficiently. The policy context The energy transition must also be inclusive – all parts of society should be able to benefit. The Scotland’s Energy Strategy sets out a vision options we identify must make sense no matter for the energy system in Scotland until 2050 – what pathways to decarbonisation might targeting a sustainable and low carbon energy emerge as the best. Improving the efficiency of system that works for all consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • SSE Annual Report 2006
    POWERFUL OPPORTUNITIES Scottish and Southern Energy plc Annual Report 2006 Scottish and Southern Energy Annual Report 2006 Contents Chairman’s Statement 1 Directors’ Report 28 Dividends 59 What We Do 2 Corporate Governance 29 Earnings Per Share 60 Where We Are 4 Organisation and Structure 29 Intangible Assets 61 Key Performance Indicators 6 Board Effectiveness 30 Property, Plant and Equipment 63 Chief Executive’s Statement 8 Board Commitees 30 Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures 64 Audit Committee 30 Subsidiary Undertakings 66 Directors’ Statement 9 Remuneration Committee 31 Acquisitions and Disposals 68 Financial Overview 9 Nomination Committee 31 Inventories 70 Energy Systems 9 Risk Committee 32 Trade and Other Receivables 70 Generation and Supply 13 Executive Committee 32 Cash and Cash Equivalents 70 Contracting, Connections and Metering 20 Health, Safety and Environmental Advisory Committee 32 Trade and Other Payables 71 Gas Storage 21 Internal Control and Risk Management Current Tax Liabilities 71 Telecoms 22 Committee 32 Construction Contracts 71 Exceptional Items 22 Going Concern 33 Loans and Other Borrowings 71 Capital Expenditure 22 Communication with Shareholders Deferred Taxation 74 Financial Management 23 and Major Business Stakeholders 33 Provisions 75 Tax 23 Share Capital 76 Balance Sheet 25 Directors’ Biographies and Responsibilities 34 Reserves 76 Purchase of own Shares 25 Remuneration Report 36 Minority Interests 77 Corporate Responsibility 25 Retirement Benefit Obligations 78 Strategy and Outlook 25 Independent
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Impact the Power of Scotland's Renewables Sector
    Supported by Industrial impact the power of Scotland’s renewables sector Wind Service at E.ON INTRODUCTION Climate and Renewables Despite daily headlines on energy, climate change and the growth of renewables, few people appreciate the scale of the transformation which is steadily underway in our energy sector. In just eight years Scotland has almost tripled its Glasgow and Edinburgh are home to large power utilities renewable energy capacity, and made a massive dent in as well as some of our most cutting-edge science, the country’s carbon emissions as a result. research and innovation organisations – companies like Limpet Technologies and Neo Environmental are The industrial benefits of this strategic transformation developing unique products which are already being are as impressive as the environmental ones: exported across the globe. renewable energy is driving innovation and clean growth across Scotland. Research by Scottish Renewables in December 2016 showed Scottish renewable energy businesses like these The sector currently employs 21,000 people, from have been involved in projects worth £125.3 million in 43 entrepreneurs who’re designing new ways to capture countries in every continent bar Antarctica. energy from nature, consultants who make projects viable, E.ON in Scotland lawyers who negotiate contracts, a supply chain which In the south of Scotland, organisations like Natural Power builds wind farms, hydro plant and solar farms and an and Green Cat Group are nurturing workforces skilled army of highly-skilled engineers and technicians who in providing the development support that renewable E.ON, through its renewables arm E.ON Climate and multiple turbine manufacturers/types across Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Progress Report 2010
    Fife Council – Scotland July 2010 2010 Air Quality Progress Report for Fife Council In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management July 2010 Progress Report i July 2010 Fife Council – Scotland Title 2010 Air Quality Progress Report for Fife Council Customer Fife Council Customer reference AEAT/ENV/FIFEPRG2010 Confidentiality, copyright This report is the Copyright of AEA Technology plc and has been prepared by AEA and reproduction Technology plc under contract to Fife Council. The contents of this report may not be reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any organisation or person without the specific prior written permission of AEA Technology plc. AEA Technology plc accepts no liability whatsoever to any third party for any loss or damage arising from any interpretation or use of the information contained in this report, or reliance on any views expressed therein. File reference AEAT/ENV/R/2977 Reference number ED56066 AEA Glengarnock Technology Centre Caledonian Road Glengarnock Ayrshire KA14 3DD T: 0870 190 5301 F: 0870 190 5151 AEA is a business name of AEA Technology plc AEA is certificated to ISO9001 and ISO14001 Author Name David Monaghan Approved by Name Scott Hamilton Signature Date 23.07.2010 ii Progress Report Fife Council – Scotland July 2010 Local Authority Douglas Mayne Officer Department Environmental Strategy Team Address Fife Council Environmental Services Kingdom House Kingdom Avenue Glenrothes Fife KY7 5LY Telephone 08451 555555. Ext. 493619 e-mail [email protected] Report Reference AEAT/ENV/R/2977 number Date 23/07/10 Progress Report iii July 2010 Fife Council – Scotland Executive Summary This Air Quality Progress Report has been prepared for Fife Council as part of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) system introduced in Part IV of the Environment Act 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Site & Surroundings
    SITE & SURROUNDINGS The Story of Cockenzie & Port Seton Cockenzie and Port Seton are virtually horse-drawn railway carrying coal from One of the more obvious recent synonymous. The two settlements have the pits around Tranent to the harbour at developments took place in the 1960s long merged into one another and on Cockenzie. when the Cockenzie Power Station was maps the whole phrase is used as a single built on the coastal site of a disused name. These days it is fair to think of them During the 1745 Jacobite uprising the coal mine just to the west of Cockenzie as one large village with two harbours: Battle of Prestonpans took place a mile and Port Seton. The site was chosen to Port Seton harbour being half a mile to the south of Cockenzie and close to the line of make use of the excellent coal supplies east of Cockenzie harbour. the waggonway. History was made when available locally, the good rail links, and the waggonway was used to transport the availability of seawater for cooling: Cockenzie was the first to be established. troops to the battle, marking the railway's hence the absence of cooling towers. The There had probably been a village around first ever use in warfare. Power Station was built partly on the site its natural harbour long before it was of the former Preston Links Colliery, with chartered as a burgh by James VI in Cockenzie was also home for many years northern elements of the site reclaimed 1591. It then grew as a convenient means to boatyards producing fishing vessels from the Firth of Forth to facilitate of exporting the coal being unearthed and yachts.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Integration of Low Carbon Energy and Biodiversity Policies
    Towards integration of low carbon energy and biodiversity policies An assessment of impacts of low carbon energy scenarios on biodiversity in the UK and abroad and an assessment of a framework for determining ILUC impacts based on UK bio-energy demand scenarios SUPPORTING DOCUMENT – LITERATURE REVIEW OF IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY Defra 29 March 2013 In collaboration with: Supporting document – Literature review on impacts on biodiversity Document information CLIENT Defra REPORT TITLE Supporting document – Literature review of impacts on biodiversity PROJECT NAME Towards integration of low carbon energy and biodiversity policies PROJECT CODE WC1012 PROJECT TEAM BIO Intelligence Service, IEEP, CEH PROJECT OFFICER Mr. Andy Williams, Defra Mrs. Helen Pontier, Defra DATE 29 March 2013 AUTHORS Mr. Shailendra Mudgal, Bio Intelligence Service Ms. Sandra Berman, Bio Intelligence Service Dr. Adrian Tan, Bio Intelligence Service Ms. Sarah Lockwood, Bio Intelligence Service Dr. Anne Turbé, Bio Intelligence Service Dr. Graham Tucker, IEEP Mr. Andrew J. Mac Conville, IEEP Ms. Bettina Kretschmer, IEEP Dr. David Howard, CEH KEY CONTACTS Sébastien Soleille [email protected] Or Constance Von Briskorn [email protected] DISCLAIMER The project team does not accept any liability for any direct or indirect damage resulting from the use of this report or its content. This report contains the results of research by the authors and is not to be perceived as the opinion of Defra. Photo credit: cover @ Per Ola Wiberg ©BIO Intelligence Service 2013 2 | Towards
    [Show full text]
  • The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report
    Planning Scotland’s Seas The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report Marine Scotland The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report Date: July 2013 Project Ref: R/4136/1 Report No: R.2097 © ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd Version Details of Change Date 1.0 Draft 29.04.2013 2.0 Draft 15.05.2013 3.0 Final 07.06.2013 4.0 Final 28.06.2013 5.0 Final 01.07.2013 6.0 Final 05.07.2013 Document Authorisation Signature Date Project Manager: S F Walmsley PP 05.07.2013 Quality Manager: C E Brown 05.07.2013 Project Director: S C Hull 05.07.2013 ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd ABPmer is certified by: Quayside Suite, Medina Chambers, Town Quay, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 2AQ Tel: +44 (0) 23 8071 1840 Fax: +44 (0) 23 8071 1841 Web: www.abpmer.co.uk Email: [email protected] All images copyright ABPmer apart from front cover (wave, anemone, bird) and policy & management (rockpool) Andy Pearson www.oceansedgepzhotography.co.uk The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Summary Introduction The Marine (Scotland) Act and the UK Marine and Coastal Access Act contain provisions for the designation of a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Scottish territorial and offshore waters in order to protect marine biodiversity and geodiversity and contribute to a UK and international network of MPAs.
    [Show full text]