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Central North Sea CO2 Cluster Chris Bryceland Why the Central North Sea? l Majority of UK emissions sources are based on or near East Coast l The UK needs a large and safe offshore CO₂ storage network l Large number of aquifers and depleted oil and gas fields are in CNS Affordable l Characterised storage sites l Power/industrial cluster potenHal l Employment safeguarding and creaon l ExisHng expert supply chain l Significant exisHng and re-usable infrastructure l Re-use of depleHng hydrocarbon fields and paid for infrastructure l Best value for money opHon for UK l PotenHal to enable wider CCS deployment across EU 2020 Deliverable l MulHple stakeholder support l Supply chain capability and capacity l Geological appraisal of numerous storage sites completed l World leading academic/industry collaboraon l World leading demonstraon of CCS l Increased supply chain capability and export growth l EU scale storage capacity 2030 Diverse l Hydrocarbon reservoirs linked to wider aquifer storage capacity l EOR potenHal providing increased tax revenue l Fit with DECC ambiHon to extend producHon life of North Sea Oil & Gas l Shipping infrastructure potenHal l Scalable to provide storage soluHons for EU CCS projects l Increased storage/EOR potenHal from depleHng hydrocarbon fields 2050 There has been lots of studies focused on CCS. Latest study we have commissioned led by Element Energy looking at the detailed infrastructure requirements for the creation of a Central North Sea CO2 Hub. Report will be published later this year Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report 10.2 CO2 capture 10.2.1 Screening Average Technolo Emission, gy Emitter tonnes/year selection Plot availability score SCR FGD Polisher Amine Oxy Physical Solvent Easy Medium Complex CHP OSBL Aberdeen Compressor Station 27832.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Aberdeen Royal Infirmary 16224.25 Amine 3 Y Y Y Y Y Physical AHLSTROM CHIRNSIDE LIMITED 22746.25 Solvent 1 Y Y Y Y Animal Feeds Plant 41998 Amine 3 Y Y Y Y Y Ardeer Site 0 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Physical Arjo Wiggins Fine Papers Ltd 58659.75 Solvent 2 Y Y Arnish Point 1100.25 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ayrshire (Hunterston) Power Plant 9108000 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Balcas Invergordon 0 2 Y Y Bathgate Compressor Station 0 1 Y Y Y Y Y Battery Point Power Station 3620.75 Amine 2 Y Y Y Y Y Beattock Compressor Station 47247.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Biomass CHP Fort William (Corpach) 34644 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Dundee 79891.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Forss 8388.576254 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Fort William (Corpach Biomass Energy Plant) 13315.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Georgemass 8388.576254 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Grangemouth 79891.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Inverurie 11317.92 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Kincardine (Longannet) 16644 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Leith 133152 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Markinch 33288 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Rosyth 79891.2 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Biomass Power Plant Speyside 4660.32 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Brigghouse Bay Compressor Station 65096.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y CalaChem Ltd 20198.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Caledonian Cheese Co Ltd Stranraer 13213 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Cameronbridge (Leven) Bioenergy Facility 34644 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Cameronbridge Distillery 32238.5 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Ciba Specialty Chemicals 14627 Amine 2 Y Y Y Y Y Y Cockenzie CCPP Power Plant 3123000 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Cockenzie Power Station 3086938.75 Amine 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y Curtis Fine Papers Ltd, Guardbridge 0 1 Y Y 143 Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report most technically feasible sites for retrofit capture installation, assuming the highest feasible levels of CO2 capture. Table 4 Bare erected costs, Total Overnight Costs and Annual opex for retrofit capture projects in Scotland (REF: AMEC) Bare Total erected Contingen Overnight Annual ope x/ Name Sector MtCO2/yr cost/ £m cy Cost / £m £m/yr Longannet Power Station Coal 7.7 £1,292 £2,257 £3,549 £71 Cockenzie Power Station Coal 3.09 £353 £617 £970 £19 Peterhead Power Station CCGT 2.81 £263 £460 £723 £14 Grangemouth Refining Downstream 1.63 £115 £201 £315 £6 Grangemouth Olefins Chemicals 0.88 £58 £101 £159 £3 Grangemouth CHP Industrial 0.72 £33 £57 £90 £2 Fife Ethylene Plant Chemicals 0.66 £39 £68 £107 £2 Grangemouth Power Station Industrial 0.6 £25 £44 £69 £1 Lafarge Cement UK - Dunbar Cement 0.5 £28 £49 £78 £2 SAGE Terminal Midstream 0.33 £10 £18 £29 £1 Tullis Russell Papermakers Pulp & Paper 0.25 £0 £0 £0 £0 Flotta Oil Terminal Midstream 0.23 £6 £10 £16 £0 DSM Dalry Food & Drink 0.17 £4 £7 £11 £0 Shell UK Ltd Fife NGL Plant Chemicals 0.16 £6 £10 £16 £0 St Fergus North Sea Gas Terminal Midstream 0.13 £3 £5 £7 £0 Fife Power Station CCGT 0.12 £2 £4 £7 £0 Lerwick Power Station CCGT 0.08 £1 £3 £4 £0 Norbord Limited Minerals 0.07 £2 £4 £6 £0 Compressor Station Gas Compressor 0.07 £1 £2 £3 £0 Total E&P UK plc Midstream 0.06 £1 £2 £3 £0 3.2 CO2 supply from England and Europe 3.2.1 CO2 supply from England to the Central North Sea The two carbon intensive regions with the most active CCS programmes in England are Yorkshire and the Tees Valley. In both these regions, like in Scotland, stakeholders have spent several years developing CCS projects and transport infrastructure plans. With the support of European funding associated with the Don Valley Power Project, National Grid Carbon has progressed the plans for an integrated onshore CO2 pipeline network that were originally conceived by Yorkshire Forward with AMEC. The proposed route and design of the pipeline network allows CO2 to be gathered from multiple power and industrial sources. The White Rose oxyfuel CCS project would initially be expected to supply 2-3 MtCO2/yr from a new coal power station. However, conceivably many tens of MtCO2/yr could be captured if multiple sources join the network. National Grid is currently appraising a storage site in the Southern North Sea, although offshore routing to the Central North Sea has not been ruled out, providing an opportunity for Scotland to influence this decision. 33 Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report Figure 10 LongannetLongannet Power Staon - Host to Scosh Power’s 300MW CCS Project power station – host for Scottish Power’s 300 MWe scale CCS Project proposal Cockenzie Power Station The coal power station at Cockenzie is being replaced a gas power station. In keeping with the CCS Directive, the new power station will be “capture ready”. 3.1.5 Industrial capture sites in Scotland The difficulty and cost of industrial capture retrofit are even harder to predict accurately than the cost of a new build. There are a number of factors that make a retrofit complex, such as the extent of integration to the host plant, reliance of host plant for utilities, number of interfacing process streams, control and instrumentation, power and heat requirements, access, land availability and location, impact on process and occupational safety. 28 Scottish Enterprise CCS Hub Study Draft Report Grangemouth Petrochemical Complex Figure 11 Grangemouth petrochemical complex comprises several large CO2 point sources Complex application of retrofit is typified by the Grangemouth refining and chemicals complex, Figure 11. Here the single site contains not only heat and power provision but also process vents. These vents all have to be routed to a capture plant. However as with all process plant the vent system is critical as in many cases any changes to it may result in the process changing or the safety case for the plant being affected. The main site power plant is actually in the middle of the complex and the process units are arrayed around the site. If retrofit capture is applied then the use of a common facility would be centred adjacent to the power plant. Flue gas streams would be routed across the site, with additional pressure support if needed. This is highly complex and space intensive. Refinery or chemical complexes are diverse processes and the emissions from such sites are from multiple sources. In addition intermittent flaring will always account for some of the annual emissions and this is unlikely to be recoverable. No two refineries are identical as each will use different technologies at various scales depending on the incoming crude and outgoing product profile. The sources of emissions are typically process units, process fired heaters and associated utility supply where fossil fuels are combusted to generate heat (steam) and power for the site. Each unit will have its particular issues such as varying contaminants and concentration levels. 29 IniHally focus will be on Power Sector with Industrial CCS following. There is the potenHal for some quick wins - Industrial sites in Scotland typically less than 10km from potenHal pipeline routes! Innovaon will drive down cost of capture in the long term but in order to drive this we need to act now and work together with Industry and Academia alike.
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