DOCSLIB.ORG

OPTICAI ABSORPTION SPECTRA of Cu2+ Ln Chalcahithite

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
OPTICAI ABSORPTION SPECTRA of Cu2+ Ln Chalcahithite CanadianMineralogist, Vol. lZ pp.207-210(1973) OPTICAI ABSORPTIONSPECTRA OF Cu2+ lN CHALCAhITHITEAND MAIACHITE S.V. I. IAKSHMAN eno B. l. REDDY Depo,rtrnentof Phgsias,Sri VmkateswaraUnioersitg, Tirupati" Indin ABsrBAsr E:<pmrlrcNTAL The optical absorptionspectra of chalcanthiteand The absorption spectra of chalcanthite (S. V. malachite have been studied at room and liouid air University Geology Museum) and malachite tempsratures.From tle nature of the spectra, and (Chamadala A. P., lrdia) were recordedat room large copper crmtents,the observedbands in both and liquid air temperatures on a medium quartz samplesare attributed to Cu2+ in tetragonal sym- spectrograph in the wavelength region 9500- metry. The crystal parameterswhich give a good fit ?,, to the observedband positions arg for chalcanthite 20004. fu it was not possibleto cut the crystals and malac"hiterespectively : Dq-12.50,-1250; Ds-3240, either parallel or perpendicular to their optic -3245: Dt-710,-700; l-830 -830. a.xes,they were cut at random from the massive mm for chalcantlrite The observedfeatures and band shifts indicate that samples.Crystals 1.5 thick the vibronic interactions are greater in chalcanthite and 2.3 mm thi& for malachite were found than in malachite. suitable for the study of their absorption spectra. Using polarized and unpolarized incident beams of radiation, spectrawere recordedon Kodak IN, ImnopusrroN Ilford R.40 and Zenith plates in 20 to 30 mi. The structure of chalcanthite, triclinic CuSOa : nutes. Wavelengths and oscillator strengths of SFIzO, was determined by Beevers & Lipson the bands were meaflred as detailed in Laksh- (1934). The mineral contains two non-equi- man et al. (1972). valent ionic groups per unit cell. The environ- ment of eadr ion consists of four water molecules THponv ananged in an approximate squa.re with two Divalent copper (Cu'*) has an electronic polar sulphate oriygens at slightly gxeater dis- structure (A)3d9. Lr Oa qfmmetry the ground tances from the Cu2+ central metal ion. The state electron configuration for Cu2+ is wriften field experiencedby the ions has a strongly tetra- (t2)6(e)s which gives rise to a 2E state. When gonal component along the axis joining the sul- one electron from the tz orbit is promoted to the phate ion. to the e orbit the resulting configuration (tz)6 2T Malachite,Cu2(OH)2. COs, is monoclinicand (e)a gives rise to a state. Thus, one single has oxygens of 01 equally displaced at transition (i.e. one single band) is expectedfor ^foru 28, 1.984 and two other oxygens at distances equal Cu2+ in O'' qymmetry. As the ground state, to 2,714 from the central Cu2+ ion (Orgel is often split under the Jahn-Teller effect, we 1960). can not have a regular octahedrally-coordinated Cu2+ complex (Ballhausen 1962). Although the optical obsorption spectrum of chalcanthite has not been reported in t}r'e litera- In a tetragonal (quadrate) field, the ground 2E 'Ar) turg the spectrum of malachite at room tempera- would be split into two levels (281 and zTz ture was studied by Hunt Salisbury (1971). and similarly the upper would be split into & 'zE) They found only one broad band in the visible trto (2Bz and levels. If, in addition, spin region at 80004 and tfuee others in the infra- orbit interaction is taken into consideration, the 'zE red x 2.29p",2.116 and 2.52p,. They ground would be split into two and the upper attributed 2Tz the band in the visible spectrum to a 2E->2Tz into three levels. The resulting energy levels transition of Cu2+ in O'. qymmetry, and the three for Oa, Dqn and D+a' including spin orbit inter- other bands to the COs" radical. The only other action, are given in Table 1. study of a similar mineral is that of Newham & The complete theory of the energy levels of Santoro (1967), who reported that the reflectance Cuz+, including sprn orbit effect, has been given spectrum of dioptasg CuSiOs . HzO, showed one for various crystal symmetries by Liehr (1960). broad band at 13000cm-1. This was assignedto The energy matrices for quadrate fields are pre' the transition 2Br'-> 28. sented in Table 2. 207 208 THE CANADIAN MINERALOCIST Rssulrs axo ANelysrs All these featuresindicate a distortion in qym- Chalcanthite metry, probably to one of Dap symmetry. The energy level diagram for Cu2+ is shown both Chalcanthite absorption spectra consist of four for Oa and Dqn fields in Figure 2. The ordering bands, of rnhich two (at 12000 20166 and cm-1) of energy levels is according to Holmes & Mc- are very prominent. The microphotometric pro- Chue (1957). files for these (90'K) are shown in Figure l. The position of the band at 12000cm-1 is an The 12000 cm-1 band is the stronger of the indication of near-octahedral symmetry in the pair; the other two bands weak occw at 16524 crystal (Oye et aI. L964). The first three bands and 18177cm-1. located at 12000 m.-r, Iffi24 cm-1 and 18177 The waveleng:th and wave number data of the cm-1 have been assignedto 281-->2Bz, 2By--> z6t observedbands at room and liquid air tempera- and 2Br-+ 2E transitions respectively, as has tures are given in Table 3. At liquid air temper- been done by Holmes & McClure (1957) in the ature the intense band at 12000 cm-1 exhibirs case of CuSOa.SFI2O,from the magnitude and a marked clrange in intensity for two mutually their relative positions. perpendicular orientations of the Nicol. The tetragonal field splitting parameters Ds and Dt are calculated as follows : TABLEI. ENERGYSTATE CLASSIFICATIONS -3Ds * SDt: I8I77 - 12000: 6177 Synnetry 0h D", ,,, + soin orbit -4Ds-SDt :16521 +n +u ---- - inleraction -?Dr Al A, t- 22701 lo A2 '.Ds -324.0 \17 = crn-L E A1*81 t6*17 T1 A2*U SDt:6177 * 3Ds 16+16+17 : 6177- 97n: -3552 T^ z 82*U 17+f6+17 , .Dt *: -710 cm-l Using these values of Ds and Dt and the free TABLE2. ENERGvMATRIcES FoR THE cor{FIcUMTIoN d' rN A TETRAoo- ion spin-orbit coupling constant, equal to -830 ML FIELD cm-1, the energy matrices for fo and lz given 12t 18 -E lrs 12 ,.rl -4 -41il-Da+4Dt-E TABLE3. ASSIGMENTSFOR THE CU2+ BANDS IN CHALCANTHITE -l - W^r' 6Dq-zDs-6Dt-E banoPosltlons ,.tsslqnmen6 | w.r.i. the qround "2-,8 state I,, vlanu-snt1;8 v'lt'-aoe&t-t", 0 - -toq*n"*3tt'n 8332.0 12000 ?@ | l[2^ f. 6050.0* 16524 6050.0* 16s24 roo ('t) 6W2Ds-Dt-E ssoo.o* 18177 55oo.o* rcvl ri" l2rr) 4gs7.s zot66 4957.5 2o1aa r^D ('rr) *uomDaratormeasure[Ents FREE Oh ooa 8600 8000 7500 7000 650052005000 toN Frc. 1. Microphotometric profiles of the absorption Frc. 2. Energy level diagram for Cu2+ in Op and spectrum of Cu2+ in chalcanthite at 90"K. D4 fields. oprIcAL ABsoRprroN spEcrBA or Cu2+ rN cHALcANTHTTE AND tvIALAcHrrE 209 in Table 2 have been diagonalized for various The energy level siheme of Cu2+ in chalcan- values of Dq. The enef,gy values thus obtained thite in D+a symmetry, inclusive of spin-orbit are plotted with respect to the ground f? level interaction, is shown in Figure 4 along with the against Dq values in Figrre 3. A good fit of the observedtransitions and bands positions. experimentally-observedband positions is ob- Since some of the band maxima measurements tained for Dq: - 1250cm-1. (measured on the comparator) are approximate, no attempt has been made to calculate the The band positions are calculated with Dq: -t, energiesof the spin-orbit levels for -1250 c,rn-r, Ds : -32410 Dt: -210 various values of and select one which gave a good fit to the cm-t, f, : -830 sr-1 and are" given along with l, observedtransitions and band positions. the observedband positions (90oK), their oscil- lator strengths and corresponding transitions in Malachite Table 4. The malachite spectrum showedbands similar to those of chalcanthite. The only difference is that the first band on the red is at 12000cm-l n:tttr] (2Ta) N9FTd t2) n3[2 ri (2r2) nlt"l Frc. 4. Energy level scheme of Cu2 + in chalcanthite in Den symmetry inclusive Dq (cri'l). ro' of spin-orbit interaction. (The superscripts a, b and c are Frc. 3. Energy (inclwive of spin-orbit) level diagram used by the authors to designate of Cu2+ in chalcanthite in tetragonal symmetry different levels). plotted as a function of the crystal field parameter --JlQ Dq, with Ds=-3240 cm-r, Dt cm-r TABLE5. BAI,IDMAXIMA, CRYSTAL AND TETRAGOML FiELD and =-830 cm-1. The solid circles show the f OF CUz+IN CHALCANTHITEAND MALACHITE. orperimental energies at 300'K PAMMFTERS Chalcanthite Malachite TABLE4, OBSERVEDANDCALCULATED ENERGIES, OSCILLATOR STRENGTHSANDASSIGNMENTS OFTHE BANDS FOR CUZ+ IN CHAL- CANTHITE(pq=-IZSO c1-tr^qe=-rp1O sn-), nt=-7'10cm-l and - atZ-t ^ b 12- t L=-830cm-t ) !-7 \ E)+r7 \^r'2) 12000 1l919 - 4 tan\ '6 \ pt 16524 16482 Transition BandPositlons (cm-r) 0scil lator Stpngths tac tzn \ 18177 18160 f, * ton _' \ ^'2r ,rJW S:ff-[ 3oooK ,oj* t*" ZUIOO 20166 "ur-r""d 1'rr) r/ ('rr) 12000 lle03 6.1 7.s rr uq -1250 -tLau -a2Lq r.o ('t\ 16524 16j24 LLL DS -3240 'ts7z7 ri" l2rr) 1s177 lu Dt -710 -700 ruo ("r2) 20166 19404 0.13 0.26 vr -830 -a?n 210 rHE CANADIAN T4INERALOdS:T for chalcanthite and 11919cm-1 for malachite. AcrNowr.rocslvlENTs polarized The intensity variation in light is not The authors wish to aeress their thanl<s to as conspicuous as in chalcanthite.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Supergene Mineralogy and Processes in the San Xavier Mine Area, Pima County, Arizona
    Supergene mineralogy and processes in the San Xavier mine area, Pima County, Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Arnold, Leavitt Clark, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 18:44:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551760 SUPERGENE MINERALOGY AND PROCESSES IN THE SAN XAVIER MINE AREA— PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA by L. Clark Arnold A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1964 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of require­ ments for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is de­ posited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina by W
    .'.' .., Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie RUTILE GUMMITE IN GARNET RUBY CORUNDUM GOLD TORBERNITE GARNET IN MICA ANATASE RUTILE AJTUNITE AND TORBERNITE THULITE AND PYRITE MONAZITE EMERALD CUPRITE SMOKY QUARTZ ZIRCON TORBERNITE ~/ UBRAR'l USE ONLV ,~O NOT REMOVE. fROM LIBRARY N. C. GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY Information Circular 24 Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie Raleigh 1978 Second Printing 1980. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained from: North CarOlina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Geological Survey Section P. O. Box 27687 ~ Raleigh. N. C. 27611 1823 --~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SECTION The Geological Survey Section shall, by law"...make such exami­ nation, survey, and mapping of the geology, mineralogy, and topo­ graphy of the state, including their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary." In carrying out its duties under this law, the section promotes the wise conservation and use of mineral resources by industry, commerce, agriculture, and other governmental agencies for the general welfare of the citizens of North Carolina. The Section conducts a number of basic and applied research projects in environmental resource planning, mineral resource explora­ tion, mineral statistics, and systematic geologic mapping. Services constitute a major portion ofthe Sections's activities and include identi­ fying rock and mineral samples submitted by the citizens of the state and providing consulting services and specially prepared reports to other agencies that require geological information. The Geological Survey Section publishes results of research in a series of Bulletins, Economic Papers, Information Circulars, Educa­ tional Series, Geologic Maps, and Special Publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    American Mineralogist, Volume 77, pages 670475, 1992 NEW MINERAL NAMES* JonN L. J,Annson CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KIA OGl' Canada Abswurmbachite* rutile, hollandite, and manganoan cuprian clinochlore. The new name is for Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach, in recog- T. Reinecke,E. Tillmanns, H.-J. Bernhardt (1991)Abs- her contribution to the crystal chemistry, sta- wurmbachite, Cu'?*Mnl*[O8/SiOo],a new mineral of nition of physical properties ofbraunite. Type the braunite group: Natural occurrence,synthesis, and bility relations, and crystal structure.Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh., 163,ll7- material is in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, r43. DC, and in the Institut fiir Mineralogie, Ruhr-Universitlit Bochum, Germany. J.L.J. The new mineral and cuprian braunit€ occur in brown- ish red piemontite-sursassitequartzites at Mount Ochi, near Karystos, Evvia, Greece, and in similar quartzites on the Vasilikon mountains near Apikia, Andros Island, Barstowite* Greece.An electron microprobe analysis (Andros mate- C.J. Stanley,G.C. Jones,A.D. Hart (1991) Barstowite, gave SiO, 9.8, TiO, rial; one of six for both localities) 3PbClr'PbCOr'HrO, a new mineral from BoundsClifl 0.61,Al,O3 0.60, Fe'O, 3.0,MnrO. 71.3,MgO 0.04,CuO St. Endellion,Cornwall. Mineral. Mag., 55, l2l-125. 12.5, sum 97.85 wto/o,corresponding to (CuStrMn3tu- Electron microprobe and CHN analysis gavePb75.47, Mgoo,)", oo(Mn3jrFe|jrAlo orTif.[nCuStr)", nrSi' o, for eight (calc.)6.03, sum 101.46wto/o, cations,ideally CuMnuSiO'r, the Cu analogueof braunite. Cl 18.67,C l.Iz,H 0.18,O to Pb.orClrrrCr.or- The range of Cu2* substitution for Mn2' is 0-42 molo/oin which for 17 atoms corresponds The min- cuprian braunite and 52-93 molo/oin abswurmbachite.
    [Show full text]
  • Azu Td Hy E9791 1968 43 Sip
    A study of crystallization from water of compounds in the system Fe² - Cu² - So₄². Item Type Thesis-Reproduction (electronic); text Authors Walton, Wayne J. A. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 05:15:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191508 A STUDY OF CRYSTALLIZATION FROM WATER OF COMPOUNDS IN THE SYSTEM Fe -CU++ - SO4= by Wayne J. A. Walton, Jr. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1968 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill- ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknow- ledginent of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • An Outline of the Caserones Copper and Molybdenum Deposit Development Project
    （Attachment） An outline of the Caserones Copper and Molybdenum Deposit Development Project A. Construction period: From 2010 to 2013. B. Commencement of operation: ・Production of refined copper by hydrometallurgical SX-EW process: in January 2013 ・Production of copper and molybdenum concentrates: in September 2013 C. Expected mine life: 28 years D. Flow of production to shipment: ≪Production of copper and molybdenum concentrates≫ Crushing and grinding ⇒ Flotation, dewatering, draining ⇒ Cu and Mo concentrates ⇒ shipping Open-pit mining ≪ Production of refined copper by SX-EW process ≫ Dump-leaching ⇒ SX-EW ⇒copper cathode⇒shipping Notes 1: (1)Dump-leaching means a process to extract (leach) copper by sprinkling sulfuric acid over a pile of uncrushed copper ore. (2)SX-EW process means a solvent extractive electrolytic copper winning process. Copper ion is selectively recovered from the leaching solution, and copper metal is produced by electrolysis from the copper sulfate solution. Approximately 20% of the copper from the mines in the world is produced by this process. E. Estimated volume of ore to be mined Ore Volume Grade (million Copper % Molybdenum tons) (ppm) Primary and secondary copper sulfide 1,050 0.34 126 (For production of copper and molybdenum concentrates) Copper oxide and secondary copper 300 0.25 － sulfide ore (For production of refined copper by SX/EW process) Notes 2: ・Primary copper sulfide：sulfides which formulated during the metallogenetic epoch. Chalcopyrite etc. ・Secondary copper sulfide：sulfides made of the primary copper sulfide which reacted with sulfuric acid. Chalcocite etc. ・Copper oxide：primary copper sulfide which oxidized by rain or weathering. chalcanthite，malachite ore etc.
    [Show full text]
  • ON the CRYSTALLOGRAPHY of AXINITE and the NORMAL SETTING of TRICLINIC CRYSTALS MA Pracock, Harvard
    ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF AXINITE AND THE NORMAL SETTING OF TRICLINIC CRYSTALS M. A. PracocK, Harvard.(Iniaersity, Cambriilge, Mass. CoNrBNrs Present Status of the Problem of Choosing Morphological Elements. 588 Course of the Present Study 591 Several Steps in Choosing Normal Triclinic Elements. 592 Determination of the SpecificLattice ... ... 592 Choice oI the Represbntative Lattice Cell .. 593 Orientation of the Representative Lattice Cell. 593 Determination of Normal Elements from the External Geometry 597 Determination of Normal Elements from X-Ray Measurements 599 Relation of the New Lattice Elements to those of Cossner & Reicliel... 602 Determination of the Optical Elements 603 Definitive Presentation of the Crystallography of Axinite 605 Some of the Existing Settings of Axinite and the Underlying Principles. 605 Neumann (1825). 605 L6vy (1838)-Des Cloizeaux (1862).. 609 Miller (1852) 609 Vom Rath (1866). 610 Schrauf (1870). 6tL Goldschmidt(1886; 1897-19tJ) .. 612 Dana (1892) 613 Friedel (1926). 613 Propriety of the Normal Setting of Triclinic Crystals. 615 Summary.... 616 Acknowledgments. 617 References...... 618 ExplanationoftheFigures.....'Co-ordinate. .618 Appendix: Transformation of tf. O. H. DoNNev;... 62l PnBsBNr Srarus or.TrrE Pnonr-nu oF CHoosrNG MonpnorocrcAl ELEMENTS The problem of choosing morphological crystallographic elements reachesfull generality in the triclinic system, in which the mutual inter- sectionsof any three non-tautozonal crystal planes may be taken as axes of referencewith the intercepts of any crystal plane cutting all the axes to define the parameters. If the indices of the observed planes are to be small numbers only a moderate number of morphological lattices come under consideration; but since a triclinic lattice may be defined by any one of numerous cells, and any triclinic cell can be oriented in twenty- four different ways, the number of sets of geometrical elements that can be chosen for any one triclinic speciesis still very considerable.
    [Show full text]
  • A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
    A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951).
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Model of Porphyry Copper Deposits
    Preliminary Model of Porphyry Copper Deposits Open-File Report 2008–1321 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Preliminary Model of Porphyry Copper Deposits By Byron R. Berger, Robert A. Ayuso, Jeffrey C. Wynn, and Robert R. Seal Open-File Report 2008–1321 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Berger, B.R., Ayuso, R.A., Wynn, J.C., and Seal, R.R., 2008, Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1321, 55 p. iii Contents Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Regional Environment ...................................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Alpersite (Mg,Cu)So4â•¢7H2O, a New Mineral of the Melanterite
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2006 Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4•7H2O, A New Mineral of the Melanterite Group, and Cuprian Pentahydrite: Their Occurrence Within Mine Waste Ronald C. Peterson Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, [email protected] Jane M. Hammarstrom United States Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. Robert R. Seal II United States Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Peterson, Ronald C.; Hammarstrom, Jane M.; and Seal II, Robert R., "Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4•7H2O, A New Mineral of the Melanterite Group, and Cuprian Pentahydrite: Their Occurrence Within Mine Waste" (2006). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 334. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/334 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 261–269, 2006 Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste RONALD C. PETERSON,1,* JANE M. HAMMARSTROM,2 AND ROBERT R. SEAL II2 1Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada 2United States Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Melanterite-Rozenite and Chalcanthite-Bonattite Equilibria by Humidity Measurements at 0.1 Mpa
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2002 Determination of Melanterite-Rozenite and Chalcanthite-Bonattite Equilibria by Humidity Measurements at 0.1 MPa I-Ming Chou U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. R.R. Seal II U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. B.S. Hemingway U.S. Geological Survey, 953 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Chou, I-Ming; Seal II, R.R.; and Hemingway, B.S., "Determination of Melanterite-Rozenite and Chalcanthite- Bonattite Equilibria by Humidity Measurements at 0.1 MPa" (2002). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 329. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/329 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. American Mineralogist, Volume 87, pages 108–114, 2002 Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa I-MING CHOU,1,* R.R. SEAL II,1 AND B.S. HEMINGWAY2 1U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. 2U.S. Geological Survey, 953 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O)-rozenite (FeSO4·4H2O) and chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O)-bonattite (CuSO4·3H2O) equilibria were determined by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper(II) Sulfate Pentahydrate
    Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Product Number C8027 Store at Room Temperature Product Description Preparation Instructions Molecular Formula: CuSO4 •5H2O This product is soluble in water (100 mg/ml), yieldng a Molecular Weight: 249.7 clear blue solution. It is also soluble in methanol and CAS Number: 7758-99-8 glycerol, and slightly soluble in ethanol.1 Synonym: cupric sulfate pentahydrate References This product is cell culture tested (0.02 µg/ml) and is 1. The Merck Index, 12th ed., Entry# 2722. appropriate for use in cell culture applications. 2. Chang, M. Y., et al., Oxidized LDL bind to nonproteoglycan components of smooth muscle Copper sulfate is a reagent that is used in many large- extracellular matrices. J. Lipid Res., 42(5), scale applications. Applications include textile dyeing, 824-833 (2001). the preparation of azo dyes, wood preservation, and 3. Nguyen-Khoa, T., et al., Oxidized low-density the tanning of leather. Copper sulfate pentahydrate lipoprotein induces macrophage respiratory burst occurs in nature as the mineral chalcanthite.1 via its protein moiety: A novel pathway in atherogenesis? Biochem. Biophys. Res. Copper sulfate is frequently utilized to oxidize Commun., 263(3), 804-809 (1999). lipoproteins in the context of biological oxidative 4. Grey, B. E., and Steck, T. R., The viable but stress.2,3 It is also used in studies of plants and plant nonculturable state of Ralstonia solanacearum pathogens.4,5 may be involved in long-term survival and plant infection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67(9), A protocol for the isolation of recombinant yeast 6- 3866-3872 (2001). phosphofructo-2-kinase that uses copper sulfate has 5.
    [Show full text]