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INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 A l g o r it h m s t o I m p l e m e n t S e m a p h o r e s in D is t r ib u t e d E nvironments dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mahendra A. Ramachandran, B.S., M.S. The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Mukesh Singhal Dr. Ming-Tsan Liu Adviser Dr. Thomas W. Page Jr. Department of Computer and Information Science UMI Number: 9526079 Copyright 1995 by RAMACHANDRAN, MAHENDRA A. All eights reserved. UMI Microform 9526079 Copyright 1995, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 © Copyright by Mahendra A. Ramachandran 1995 To Mom and Dad for the great start you have given me in life and to Anita and Shaila for your constant love and support. ii A cknowledgements This thesis would never have seen fruition without the inspiration and guidance of Dr. Mukesh Singhal. I am deeply grateful to him for taking me under his wing, for his foresight in making me change my thesis topic and for the guidance and encour­ agement he has shown along the way. My appreciation to my committee members, Professors Ming-Tsan Liu and Tom Page for their valuable comments and suggestions which have contributed to improving this dissertation . It is in no small part thanks to Dr. and Mrs. Jerrold Voss that I came to Columbus to pursue a bachelors degree and it is because of to them that I stayed as long as I did. There is no way to measure the help, support and kindness they have shown me over the years. Nor can I adequately convey my gratitude for having a home away from home. So, allow me to say in Kiswahili, Asante Sana Rafiki Yangu. I am grateful for the support and guidance I have received from my well wisher, Professor Merv Muller, former Chair of the department. Thanks to the faculty of this department, especially Professors Jayasimha, Krueger, Sadayappan, and Soundarara- jan for their support during various stages of my studies. Mrs. Elley Quinlan, the TA supervisor, has always been extremely helpful. My supervisor at ATS, Mr. Clifford Collins has been very understanding and patient when I was writing this dissertation. The CIS office staff have been very helpful to me on many occasions. iii I have made many a good friends over the years here. It is not easy to maintain a good friendship with a college roommate, but Tony Kaplanis and I have managed to do just that. Julie Hartigan, my first friend in graduate school has remained a close friend over the years. John Mudd, with whom I enjoyed cooking out and watching the Buckeyes on TV. J. Ramanujam, who taught me how to make real coffee, and a source of inspiration during my general exams. J. Ramachandran, Niranjan Shivaratri, and M. G. Sriram - the CIS 727 gang, have been close friends throughout my graduate program. Manas Mandal, my colleague since the ALPS research group days, has done a fantastic job in maintaining the dissertation style file for LaTex. Deb Shands who made me an aquarist, Jeff Martens with whom I have spent many hours at BW-3, Paolo Bucci who has out lasted everyone else from the aerobics group. My office- mates, Kalluri Eswar, Loren Schwiebert and Wang-Chien Lee who have had to put up with me for a few years. Walid Mostafa and Amr Ellsadani who gave me sound advice about finishing my degree before starting a job. Thank you all. Finally, I would like to thank my family. Dr. and Mrs. Ramachandran, my parents, have always placed the greatest emphasis on my education without which I would never have made it this far. While dad’s support throughout my education is immeasurable, I would like to thank him specifically for proof reading my dissertation and offering several useful criticisms. My mom has been very keen that I become the third doctorate holder in our family and I am glad to finally deliver. When I was debating whether to pursue a degree in medicine or computer science, it was my brother who convinced me to pursue the latter and for that I am very grateful. I thank my parents-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Singaravelu, for their patience and for never loosing faith while I finished this degree. It is a miracle that I am writing this despite all those sleepless nights thanks to Shaila, nevertheless, I am so glad she was born in time to share this academic milestone with me. Anita, thanks for your support during all those ups and downs that are a part of the dissertation drudgery, for putting up with me during my onerous mood swings and for being the best friend I could ever have hoped for. Now it is your turn to finish your degree. v V ita September 16, 1965 .........................................Born - Madras, INDIA 1987 ....................................................................B.S. Computer Science Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1989 ....................................................................M.S. Computer Science Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1989-1990 ........................................................... Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University. 1990-1994 ...........................................................Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University. 1994-1995 ...........................................................Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University. Publications Mahendra Ramachandran and Mukesh Singhal “Consensus-Based Approach to Im­ plementing Semaphores in a Distributed System”. Technical Report OSU-CISRC- 1/95-TR1, Jan 1995. Mahendra Ramachandran and Mukesh Singhal “On the Synchronization Mechanisms in Distributed Shared Memory Systems”. Submitted to Journal of Parallel and Dis­ tributed Computing. Technical Report OSU-CISRC-10/94-TR54, Oct 1994. Mahendra Ramachandran and Mukesh Singhal “Decentralized Semaphore Support in a Virtual Shared Memory System”. To appear in Journal of Supercomputing Vol. 9, No. 1, 1995. Mahendra Ramachandran and Mukesh Singhal “Distributed Semaphores”. Submit­ ted to The International Conference on Parallel Processing. Technical Report OSU- CISRC-6/94-TR34, June 1994. M. Mandal, M. Ramachandran, and P. Vishnubhotla. “The ALPS Kernel for Pro­ cessor Networks”. Technical Report OSU-CISRC-ll/93-TR 41, Nov 1993. M. Ramachandran, M. Mandal, and P. Vishnubhotla. “Topology-Independent Map­ ping for Transputer Networks”. In Transputer Research and Applications 4, David L. Fielding, editor, pages 9-17. I.O.S. Press, Amsterdam, October 1990. P. Vishnubhotla, M. Mandal, and M. Ramachandran. “Portable Parallel Program­ ming: The ALPS Approach”. Technical Report OSU-CISRC-ll/89-TR 53, Nov 1989 (Revised July, 1990). P. Vishnubhotla, M. Mandal, J. Mudd, A. Mitschele-Thiel, M. Ramachandran, et.al. “The Alps Kernel”. Technical Report OSU-CISRC-8/89-TR 37, Aug 1989 (Revised July, 1990). Fields of Study Major Field: Computer and Information Science Studies in: Distributed Systems Prof. Mukesh Singhal Programming Languages Prof. Neelam Soundararajan Computer Architecture Prof. D. N. Jayasimha Operating Systems Prof. Prasad Vishnubhotla T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s D EDICA TION .......................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................... iii VITA .......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER PAGE I Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Motivations .............................................................. 1 1.2 Contributions of the Dissertation .......................................................
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