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Endogenous Reverse Transcriptase and Rnase H-Mediated Antiviral Mechanism in Embryonic Stem Cells
www.nature.com/cr www.cell-research.com ARTICLE Endogenous reverse transcriptase and RNase H-mediated antiviral mechanism in embryonic stem cells Junyu Wu1, Chunyan Wu1, Fan Xing1, Liu Cao1, Weijie Zeng1, Liping Guo1, Ping Li1, Yongheng Zhong1, Hualian Jiang1, Manhui Luo1, Guang Shi2, Lang Bu1, Yanxi Ji1, Panpan Hou1, Hong Peng1, Junjiu Huang2, Chunmei Li1 and Deyin Guo 1 Nucleic acid-based systems play important roles in antiviral defense, including CRISPR/Cas that adopts RNA-guided DNA cleavage to prevent DNA phage infection and RNA interference (RNAi) that employs RNA-guided RNA cleavage to defend against RNA virus infection. Here, we report a novel type of nucleic acid-based antiviral system that exists in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), which suppresses RNA virus infection by DNA-mediated RNA cleavage. We found that the viral RNA of encephalomyocarditis virus can be reverse transcribed into complementary DNA (vcDNA) by the reverse transcriptase (RTase) encoded by endogenous retrovirus-like elements in mESCs. The vcDNA is negative-sense single-stranded and forms DNA/RNA hybrid with viral RNA. The viral RNA in the heteroduplex is subsequently destroyed by cellular RNase H1, leading to robust suppression of viral growth. Furthermore, either inhibition of the RTase activity or depletion of endogenous RNase H1 results in the promotion of virus proliferation. Altogether, our results provide intriguing insights into the antiviral mechanism of mESCs and the antiviral function of endogenized retroviruses and cellular RNase H. Such a natural nucleic acid-based antiviral mechanism in mESCs is referred to as ERASE (endogenous RTase/RNase H-mediated antiviral system), which is an addition to the previously known nucleic acid-based antiviral mechanisms including CRISPR/Cas in bacteria and RNAi in plants and invertebrates. -
The Role of SAMHD1 in Restriction and Immune Sensing of Retroviruses and Retroelements
The role of SAMHD1 in restriction and immune sensing of retroviruses and retroelements Die Rolle von SAMHD1 in der Restriktion und Immunerkennung von Retroviren und Retroelementen Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von Alexandra Herrmann aus Biberach an der Riß Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 31.07.2018 Vorsitzender des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Georg Kreimer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Lars Nitschke Prof. Dr. Manfred Marschall Table of content Table of content I. Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 I. Zusammenfassung ......................................................................................................... 3 II. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5 1. The human immunodeficiency virus .................................................................................... 5 2. Transposable elements ......................................................................................................... 7 3. Host restriction factors ........................................................................................................ 10 4. The restriction factor SAMHD1 .......................................................................................... -
Specific Principles of Genome-Wide RNA-Chromatin Interactions
ARTICLE There are amendments to this paper https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14337-6 OPEN RADICL-seq identifies general and cell type–specific principles of genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions Alessandro Bonetti 1,2,18*, Federico Agostini 3,18, Ana Maria Suzuki1,4, Kosuke Hashimoto1, Giovanni Pascarella1, Juliette Gimenez 5, Leonie Roos6,7, Alex J. Nash6,7, Marco Ghilotti1, Christopher J. F. Cameron8,9, Matthew Valentine 1, Yulia A. Medvedeva10,11,12, Shuhei Noguchi1, Eneritz Agirre 2, Kaori Kashi1, Samudyata2, Joachim Luginbühl1, Riccardo Cazzoli13, Saumya Agrawal1, Nicholas M. Luscombe 3,14,15, Mathieu Blanchette8, Takeya Kasukawa 1, Michiel de Hoon1, Erik Arner1, 1234567890():,; Boris Lenhard 6,7,16, Charles Plessy 1, Gonçalo Castelo-Branco 2, Valerio Orlando5,17* & Piero Carninci 1* Mammalian genomes encode tens of thousands of noncoding RNAs. Most noncoding tran- scripts exhibit nuclear localization and several have been shown to play a role in the reg- ulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. To investigate the function of such RNAs, methods to massively map the genomic interacting sites of multiple transcripts have been developed; however, these methods have some limitations. Here, we introduce RNA And DNA Interacting Complexes Ligated and sequenced (RADICL-seq), a technology that maps genome-wide RNA–chromatin interactions in intact nuclei. RADICL-seq is a proximity ligation-based methodology that reduces the bias for nascent transcription, while increasing genomic coverage and unique mapping rate efficiency compared with existing methods. RADICL-seq identifies distinct patterns of genome occupancy for different classes of tran- scripts as well as cell type–specific RNA-chromatin interactions, and highlights the role of transcription in the establishment of chromatin structure. -
WO 2016/028843 A2 25 February 2016 (25.02.2016) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/028843 A2 25 February 2016 (25.02.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12Q 1/68 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/US20 15/045805 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 19 August 2015 (19.08.2015) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (25) Filing Language: English PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (26) Publication Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/039,341 19 August 2014 (19.08.2014) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HAR¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, VARD COLLEGE [US/US]; 17 Quincy Street, Cam TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, bridge, Massachusetts 02138 (US). -
US5142033.Pdf
|||||||||||||| USOO5142O33A United States Patent (19) (11) Patent Number: 5,142,033 Innis (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 25, 1992 54) STRUCTURE-INDEPENDENT DNA y AMPLIFICATION BY THE POLYMERASE FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CHAIN REACTION 0237362 9/1987 European Pat. Off. 75) Inventor: Michael A. Innis, Moraga, Calif. w 025801717 3/19889 European Pat. OffA 73) Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, OTHER PUBLICATIONS N.J. Barr et al., 1986, Bio Techniques 4(5):428-432. Saiki et al., 1988, Science 239:476-49. (21) Appl. No.: 738,324 Promega advertisement and certificated of analysis 22 Filed: Jul. 31, 1991 dated Aug. 9, 1988 "Tag Track Sequencing System". Heiner et al., 1988, Preliminary Draft. Related U.S. Application Data McConlogue et al., 1988, Nuc. Acids Res. 16(20):9869. 63) continuation of ser, No. 248,556, sep. 23, 1988, Pat. Inset a 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA No. 5,091,310. 85:9436-9440. & Mizusawa et al., 1986, Nuc. Acids Res. 14(3):1319-1324. 51) Int. C. ....................... C07H 21/04; SES 6. Simpson et al., 1988 Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm. 151(1):487-492. 52) U.S. C. .......................................... 536/27; 435/6; Chait, 1988, Nature 333:477-478. 435/15; 435/91; 435/83; 435/810; 436/501; 436/808; 536/28: 536/29; 530/350; 530/820; Primary Examiner-Margaret Moskowitz 935/16: 935/17, 935/18: 935/78; 935/88 Assistant Examiner-Ardin H. Marschel 58) Field of Search ....................... 435/6, 91, 15, 810, Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Kevin R. Kaster; Stacey R. 435/183; 436/501, 808: 536/27-29; 935/16, 17, Sias 18, 78, 88: 530/820, 350 (57) ABSTRACT 56) References Cited Structure-independent amplification of DNA by the U.S. -
Termin Translat Trna Utr Mutat Protein Signal
Drugs & Chemicals 1: Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 2: Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleo- (1029) proteins (14) activ apoptosi arf cell express function inactiv induc altern assai associ bind mdm2 mutat p53 p73 pathwai protein regul complex detect exon famili genom respons suppress suppressor tumor wild-typ interact intron isoform nuclear protein sensit site specif splice suggest variant 3: RNA, Transfer (110) 4: DNA Primers (1987) codon contain differ eukaryot gene initi amplifi analysi chain clone detect dna express mrna protein region ribosom rna fragment gene genotyp mutat pcr sequenc site speci suggest synthesi polymorph popul primer reaction region restrict sequenc speci termin translat trna utr 5: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins 6: Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins (291) (733) activ apoptosi apoptosis-induc albican bud candida cerevisia complex encod apoptot bcl-2 caspas caspase-8 cell eukaryot fission function growth interact involv death fasl induc induct ligand methyl necrosi pathwai program sensit surviv trail mutant pomb protein requir saccharomyc strain suggest yeast 7: Plant Proteins (414) 8: Membrane Proteins (1608) access arabidopsi cultivar flower hybrid leaf leav apoptosi cell conserv domain express function gene human identifi inhibitor line maiz plant pollen rice root seed mammalian membran mice mous mutant seedl speci thaliana tomato transgen wheat mutat protein signal suggest transport 1 9: Tumor Suppressor Proteins (815) 10: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase activ arrest cell cycl cyclin damag delet dna (441) 3-kinas activ -
WO 2013/188582 Al 19 December 2013 (19.12.2013) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/188582 Al 19 December 2013 (19.12.2013) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: Way, San Diego, California 92122 (US). RONAGHI, Mo- C12Q 1/68 (2006.01) G01N 27/447 (2006.01) stafa; 5200 Alumina Way, San Diego, California 92122 (US). GUNDERSON, Kevin L.; 5200 Illumina Way, San (21) International Application Number: Diego, California 92122 (US). VENKATESAN, Bala PCT/US20 13/045491 Murali; 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, California 92122 (22) International Filing Date: (US). BOWEN, M. Shane; 5200 Illumina Way, San 12 June 2013 (12.06.2013) Diego, California 92122 (US). VIJAYAN, Kandaswamy; 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, California 92122 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (74) Agents: MURPHY, John T. et al; 5200 Illumina Way, (26) Publication Language: English San Diego, California 92122 (US). (30) Priority Data: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/660,487 15 June 2012 (15.06.2012) US kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 61/715,478 18 October 2012 (18. 10.2012) US AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, 13/783,043 1 March 2013 (01.03.2013) US BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (71) Applicant: ILLUMINA, INC. [US/US]; 5200 Illumina DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, Way, San Diego, California 92122 (US). HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (72) Inventors: SHEN, Min-Jui Richard; 5200 Illumina Way, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, San Diego, California 92122 (US). -
Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight DNA from Single Dried
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(90), pp. 15654-15657, 8 November, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.1714 ISSN 1684–5315 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Rapid isolation of high molecular weight DNA from single dry preserved adult beetle of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification Kamala Jayanthi PD1*, Rajinikanth R1, Sangeetha P1, Ravishankar KV2, Arthikirubha A1, Devi Thangam S1 and Abraham Verghese1 1Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru-560089, Karnataka, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru-560089, Karnataka, India. Accepted 16 October, 2012 For studying genetic diversity in populations of predatory coccinellid, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), our attempts to isolate high quality DNA from individual adult beetle using several previously reported protocols and even modifications were quite unsuccessful as the insect size was small and was preserved at -20°C as dry specimen. Here we describe a simple, rapid and efficient method of isolating high-quality intact genomic DNA with reduced protein contamination for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from a single, dry preserved specimen of adult Cryptolaemus. The procedure features macerating and mixing the single adult specimen of Cryptoalemus with cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the homogenization buffer, two chloroform-isoamylalcohol extractions and an alcohol precipitation. RNA contamination was eliminated with RNAse treatment. The purity of DNA was high since the A260/A280 ratio ranged from 1.78 to 1.97. The isolated DNA was used as template for PCR, and the results were evaluated by comparing with different preserved samples. -
Whole-Genome Gene Expression Direct Hybridization Assay Guide
Whole-Genome Gene Expression Direct Hybridization Assay Guide For Research Use Only 1,000 0000000 1,00000 100 11000 1,0001,1 ILLUMINA PROPRIETARY Catalog # BD-901-1002 Part # 11322355 Rev. A Notice This document and its contents are proprietary to Illumina, Inc. and its affiliates ("Illumina"), and are intended solely for the contractual use of its customer in connection with the use of the product(s) described herein and for no other purpose. This document and its contents shall not be used or distributed for any other purpose and/or otherwise communicated, disclosed, or reproduced in any way whatsoever without the prior written consent of Illumina. Illumina does not convey any license under its patent, trademark, copyright, or common-law rights nor similar rights of any third parties by this document. The instructions in this document must be strictly and explicitly followed by qualified and properly trained personnel in order to ensure the proper and safe use of the product(s) described herein. All of the contents of this document must be fully read and understood prior to using such product(s). FAILURE TO COMPLETELY READ AND EXPLICITLY FOLLOW ALL OF THE INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED HEREIN MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO THE PRODUCT(S), INJURY TO PERSONS, INCLUDING TO USERS OR OTHERS, AND DAMAGE TO OTHER PROPERTY. ILLUMINA DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE IMPROPER USE OF THE PRODUCT(S) DESCRIBED HEREIN (INCLUDING PARTS THEREOF OR SOFTWARE) OR ANY USE OF SUCH PRODUCT(S) OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THE EXPRESS WRITTEN LICENSES OR PERMISSIONS GRANTED BY ILLUMINA IN CONNECTION WITH CUSTOMER'S ACQUISITION OF SUCH PRODUCT(S). -
Supplementary Table S1 List of Proteins Identified with LC-MS/MS in the Exudates of Ustilaginoidea Virens Mol
Supplementary Table S1 List of proteins identified with LC-MS/MS in the exudates of Ustilaginoidea virens Mol. weight NO a Protein IDs b Protein names c Score d Cov f MS/MS Peptide sequence g [kDa] e Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 KDB17818.1 6.282 30.486 4.1 TGPMILDALVR iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial 2 KDB18023.1 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal 6.2998 43.626 2.1 ALDLAGISR 3 KDB12646.1 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase 25.709 34.047 17.6 AIDTVVQSTAVLVQSR EIALVMDELSR SSTNTDMVDLIASR VGASDILVLDIHNTR 4 KDB11684.1 Bifunctional purine biosynthetic protein ADE1 22.54 86.534 4.5 GLAHITGGGLIENVPR SLLPVLGEIK TVGESLLTPTR 5 KDB16707.1 Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 12.204 42.367 4.3 GSGSGGAGPDATGGDVR 6 KDB15928.1 Cytochrome b2, mitochondrial 34.9 58.379 9.4 EFDPVHPSDTLR GVQTVEDVLR MLTGADVAQHSDAK SGIEVLAETMPVLR 7 KDB12275.1 Aspartate 1-decarboxylase 11.724 112.62 3.6 GLILTLSEIPEASK TAAIAGLGSGNIIGIPVDNAAR 8 KDB15972.1 Glucosidase 2 subunit beta 7.3902 64.984 3.2 IDPLSPQQLLPASGLAPGR AAGLALGALDDRPLDGR AIPIEVLPLAAPDVLAR AVDDHLLPSYR GGGACLLQEK 9 KDB15004.1 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 70.089 32.491 32.6 GPAFHAR KLIAVADSR LIAVADSR MTFFPTGSQSK YVGIGSGSTVVHVVDAIASK 10 KDB18474.1 D-arabinitol dehydrogenase 1 19.425 25.025 19.2 ENPEAQFDQLKK ILEDAIHYVR NLNWVDATLLEPASCACHGLEK 11 KDB18473.1 D-arabinitol dehydrogenase 1 11.481 10.294 36.6 FPLIPGHETVGVIAAVGK VAADNSELCNECFYCR 12 KDB15780.1 Cyanovirin-N homolog 85.42 11.188 31.7 QVINLDER TASNVQLQGSQLTAELATLSGEPR GAATAAHEAYK IELELEK KEEGDSTEKPAEETK LGGELTVDER NATDVAQTDLTPTHPIR 13 KDB14501.1 14-3-3 -
Subject Index Proc
13088 Subject Index Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) Apoptosis in substantia nigra following developmental striatal excitotoxic Brine shrimp injury, 8117 See Artemia Visualizing hippocampal synaptic function by optical detection of Ca2l Broccol entry through the N-methyl-D-aspartate channel, 8170 See Brassica Amygdala modulation of hippocampal-dependent and caudate Bromophenacyl bromide nucleus-dependent memory processes, 8477 Bromophenacyl bromide binding to the actin-bundling protein I-plastin Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor mRNA expression inhibits inositol trisphosphate-independent increase in Ca2l in human in the rat brain and pituitary, 8777 neutrophils, 3534 Brownian dynamics Preproenkephalin promoter yields region-specific and long-term Adhesion of hard spheres under the influence of double-layer, van der expression in adult brain after direct in vivo gene transfer via a Waals, and gravitational potentials at a solid/liquid interface, 3004 defective herpes simplex viral vector, 8979 Browsers Intravenous administration of a transferrin receptor antibody-nerve Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in Cyanea: Adaptations to extinct growth factor conjugate prevents the degeneration of cholinergic avian browsers on Hawaii?, 2810 striatal neurons in a model of Huntington disease, 9077 Bruton agammaglobulinemia Axotomy induces the expression of vasopressin receptors in cranial and Genomic organization and structure of Bruton agammaglobulinemia spinal motor nuclei in the adult rat, 9636 tyrosine kinase: Localization -
Nucleic Acid Approaches to Toxin Detection Nicola Chatwell
Nucleic Acid Approaches To Toxin Detection Nicola Chatwell, BSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Master of Philosophy December 2013 ABSTRACT PCR is commonly used for detecting contamination of foods by toxigenic bacteria. However, it is unknown whether it is suitable for detecting toxins in samples which are unlikely to contain bacterial cells, such as purified biological weapons. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were developed for amplification of the genes encoding Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A to F, Staphylococcal enteroxin B (SEB), ricin, and C. perfringens alpha toxin. Botulinum neurotoxins, alpha toxin, ricin and V antigen from Yersinia pestis were purified at Dstl using methods including precipitation, ion exchange, FPLC, affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Additionally, toxin samples of unknown purity were purchased from a commercial supplier. Q-PCR analysis showed that DNA was present in crudely prepared toxin samples. However, the majority of purified or commercially produced toxins were not detectable by PCR. Therefore, it is unlikely that PCR will serve as a primary toxin detection method in future. Immuno-PCR was investigated as an alternative, more direct method of toxin detection. Several iterations of the method were investigated, each using a different way of labelling the secondary antibody with DNA. It was discovered that the way in which antibodies are labelled with DNA is crucial to the success of the method, as the DNA concentration must be optimised in order to fully take advantage of signal amplification without causing excessive background noise. In general terms immuno-PCR was demonstrated to offer increased sensitivity over conventional ELISA, once fully optimised, making it particularly useful for biological weapons analysis.