The Foreign Correspondent

[ABCDE]

Volume 6, Issue 9

by lucian perkins — the washington post A man holds out flowers as he leaves Basra, Iraq, while a British armored vehicle heads toward the city. The photo accompanied a story by Washington Post Foreign Editor Keith Richburg, who reported from the embattled country. The Foreign Correspondent A Look at the Journalists Who Provide Eyewitness Accounts, On-Sight Interviews And Reports of the Trends, Events and Ideas From Around the World.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

A Word About The Foreign Correspondent Lesson: The foreign correspondent Having a global understanding is essential to being an provides an eyewitness account, educated individual and an informed leader. From locating on-sight interviews and reports a visitor’s homeland on a map to having knowledge of the of trends, events and ideas from culture, economy and political situation of another country, places around the world. This global students are better citizens of an interconnected world. understanding is essential to being This guide focuses on the foreign correspondents who an educated individual and informed leader. provide eyewitness accounts, on-sight interviews and reports of the trends, events and ideas from locations around Level: Low to high the world. An interview with the Post’s Foreign Editor Keith Richburg and two articles written by experienced Subjects: Journalism, Geography, reporters provide the foundation for understanding the Business job of the foreign correspondent. Articles by Post foreign Related Activity: Language Arts, correspondents illustrate correspondents covering war, Careers, Government giving context and insight into another culture, and providing perspective and background on political actions in other countries. Each NIE guide begins with suggested activities to use with The Post reprinted articles and those in the daily Washington Post. Each guide concludes with academic content standards of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia that apply to the suggested activities. Activities involve reading, responding, and writing. “Children should be encouraged to explore print through their reading and writing. When children have opportunities to write their own stories, to read their own and others’ stories, and to write in response to reading, they are able to employ much of their knowledge of reading in meaningful ways,” as stated in the introduction to the NCTE resolution “On the Importance of a Print-Rich Classroom Environment.” NIE Online Guide Editor: Carol Lange Art Editor: Bill Webster

Send comments about this guide to: Margaret Kaplow Educational Services Manager [email protected]

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Meet the Foreign Correspondent Washington Post Foreign Bureaus

Keith Richburg’s prose is concrete • Do they all have the same byline? The Washington Post has 19 foreign and rich in details. For 19 years Is the article written by a Post foreign he was a foreign correspondent correspondent, local reporter or wire bureaus. To meet the individuals in these before becoming The Post’s Foreign service? bureaus and to read articles written by Editor. As he answers our questions, • Does the foreign correspondent/ he provides a clear picture of the reporter cover a variety of topics? them, go to http://www.washingtonpost. foreign correspondent’s responsibility Do the articles provide follow-up and com/wp-srv/world/foreignbureaus/index. and the personal side of being a update an earlier news report? correspondent. • In what ways do the articles html. Read and discuss “Meet the Foreign provide information? (Interviews, Correspondent.” personal observations, data are some Baghdad of the possible answers.) Beijing Locate the Correspondents • Does the article provide historical On a map, stick a pin or place a context? Comparisons and contrasts? Beirut dot where Post correspondents are • What new understanding do posted. You may do this exercise you have of events, culture, and the Berlin using the list of Washington Post people of this country or region? Bogota Foreign Bureaus or the datelines in today’s Washington Post. Read World Briefs Buenos Aires What nearby countries might the Give students practice in correspondent in Bogota cover? In summarizing while they read about Jerusalem Paris? In Shanghai? Which countries international events, places and Johannesburg in Africa would the correspondent people. Give students “The World in in Nairobi likely cover? In Brief.” You will need copies of The Kabul Johannesburg? Post that have The World in Brief Go to washpost.com/nie and section. London download the online Teacher’s Mexico City Manual, Main News, section, go Read a Review to pages 14 and 15. You will find “War Reporting” is a review of a Moscow the three-level lesson, “Culture and two-part PBS documentary Reporting Geography Through the Eyes of a America at War. It can be read and Nairobi Foreign Correspondent.” discussed as an example of how to note the weaknesses of a TV program New Delhi Follow a Foreign Correspondent while indicating its strengths. Paris Review the list of Washington Post Afterwards, students could be asked Foreign Bureaus. Assign or have to review a TV program. Saudi Arabia students select a location. Review This piece can also be used by where a dateline is found in a news teachers for background on well Shanghai article and what it indicates. regarded war correspondents and the Tokyo Read the News (A) section of expectations of a war correspondent. TheWashington Post for a week. If The sidebar on page 6, “Notable Toronto the Sunday Post is read, include the Correspondents” provides works Outlook and Arts sections. Record by and about individuals who are Listen to Washington Post Foreign editor the date, byline, dateline and headline identified in the review. of articles that report on the location. Keith Richburg every Thursday at noon Summarize the article. on Washington Post Radio (107.7 FM and Students may consider the following questions: 1500 AM). Richburg and host Sam Litzinger continued on page provide a roundup of the latest world news.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page between what a reader needs to know By Post Foreign Correspondents and wants to know? Debate the Fate of Foreign • Constable provides examples of Baker, Peter and Susan Glasser. Kremlin Correspondents the stories she has covered and the Rising: Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the Both “The Vanishing lifestyle of the foreign correspondent. Correspondent” and “Demise of the What do they reveal about being a End of Revolution. Paperback, revised Foreign Correspondent” were written foreign correspondent? edition. Potomac Books (2007). in January 2007 when the Boston • Constable believes “Americans’ Globe closed its remaining three need to understand the struggles of Constable, Pamela. Fragments of Grace: My overseas bureaus. distant peoples is greater than ever.” Search for Meaning in the Strife of South Journalism, Government and What examples does she give to Economics students in particular support this concept? Asia. Potomac Books (2005). may find the articles of interest. After • Hiatt argues that foreign reading the two articles, the following correspondents bring “a sense of Hoagland, Jim. South Africa: Civilizations may be discussed or given on a the world that worked to readers’ in Conflict. Houghton Mifflin Co. (1972). worksheet to answer: benefit.” Give two examples of • What are the reasons events or cultures that a foreign Kelly, Michael. Martyr’s Day: Chronicle of a newspaper has foreign correspondent could help you to correspondents? understand? [To illustrate Hiatt’s a Small War. Vintage (2001). • What is the financial reality of the point: In Jan. 2007, John Pomfret, business side of running a newspaper former China and West Coast bureau Pomfret, John. Chinese Lessons: Five (expenses vs. advertising, individual chief, was appointed Outlook editor.] Classmates and the Story of the New copy sales and subscriptions)? China. Henry Holt and Co. (2006, www. • Approximately how much is After reading the articles and added to a newspaper’s expenses answering and discussing the johnpomfret.net) when a foreign bureau is added? Why questions, students should divide into do bureaus in Iraq and some other five groups. They will represent the Reid, T.R. Confucius Lives Next Door: locations have exceptionally high following: What Living in the East Teaches Us About expenses? • Owners of newspapers Living in the West. Vintage (2000). • Review the bios of the two — families, media companies, reporters. In what ways are their businessmen; in a small town and in points of view influenced by their a large city Richburg, Keith. Out of America: A Black experiences? • Foreign correspondents — Man Confronts Africa. Harvest/HBJ Book • When Fred Hiatt questions why experienced as Hiatt and Constable (1998). the Boston Globe would “diminish • Owners of large corporations itself in this way,” is he referring only — some with international branches Shadid, Anthony. Legacy of the Prophet: to numbers? Explain. • Members of Congress • What are the arguments given for • Local citizens — media Despots, Democrats, and the New Politics closing foreign bureaus? Do students consumers of Islam. Paperback. Westview Press agree or disagree with the reasons Each group discusses and forms (2006). given? statements on 1) the importance • What are the advantages of using of having foreign correspondents Shadid, Anthony. Night Draws Near: Iraq’s individual, freelance reporters rather established in locations around the than staffing a bureau? globe, 2) whether their local media People in the Shadow of America’s War. • According to Constable, what should have foreign correspondents, Picador (2006). is happening in TV coverage of and 3) what balance should international news? exist between local, national and Sullivan, Kevin and Mary Jordan. The • Should a newspaper have both international news. There may be Prison Angel, Mother Antonia’s Journey local and international coverage? Why? What should be the balance from Beverly Hills to a Life of Service in a continued on page Mexican Jail. Penguin Press (2005).

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page used, to learn about the means Dateline employed by correspondents to get different opinions within each group. the story and to meet three reporters The dateline is found at the beginning of If a consensus cannot be reached, from their words and actions. an article. It indicates the city where the divisions within the larger group will reporter is if he or she is not in the local write their own statements. Understand Another Culture area. The date may be included if it was Hold a public forum in which Locate Jordan on a map. What written before that day’s newspaper. the topics are debated. Teachers or do students know about Jordan and someone in the class should act as the other countries near it? What events moderator. Be sure to give each point have taken place in the area in the Byline of view the opportunity to speak. At last ten years? Five years? Month? the end, have students discuss which Who are the Palestinian people? were the most cogent arguments What relationship do Palestinians Dateline presented. have to Jordan? Have the class vote on the Read and discuss “In Jordanian following: Camps, A Sense of Nihilism.” Questions might include: Look at the byline (found below the • The local newspaper and other headline). Under the byline in italics, media should provide international • What questions about Palestinians you will find more information about the news. does Shadid answer? Washington Post reporter. For example, you might read “Washington Post Foreign • The local media should have • What questions remain? Service.” Do not be surprised to find a foreign correspondents. dateline at the beginning of articles written • Which sections provide historic by Post Foreign Service reporters. • The local media should cover all background? areas within the community. • What contemporary perspectives Identify Rhetorical Techniques do the people interviewed bring to Read and discuss “Four Rhetorical the story? Techniques.” Be sure students understand the approaches and what • What role of the foreign distinguishes each from the other. correspondent has Shadid filled in Most writers use a combination of this article? these techniques in one piece, but in many instances one controls the Read About Life After a Bombing organization of the information. Washington Post Foreign Editor In addition to being read as Keith Richburg states that the main examples of the roles played by job of the foreign correspondent correspondents (see following is to report news and events and sections), “Anguish in the Ruins “to provide background, context of Mutanabi Street,” “In Jordanian and texture to events.” Sudarsan Camps,” and “Ruling Party Charms a Raghavan in “Anguish in the Ruins Turkish City,” can be used with “Four of Mutanabi Street: In Baghdad’s Rhetorical Techniques.” Students Literary District, Mourning Loved could work alone or in pairs to label Ones and a Once-Unifying Place” these articles where the different provides such an example. techniques are being used. At times and in certain locations, “Three Views” presents the the foreign correspondent is a war openings of three works by or about foreign correspondents. Use them to evaluate the rhetorical techniques continued on page

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page Take on Secular Heritage.” Questions Notable Correspondents might include: correspondent. This article is one Peter Arnett. Live from the Battlefield: example of a reporter’s dispatch from • What questions about Turkey does From Vietnam to Baghdad, 35 Years in the a combative area. Shadid answer? World’s War Zones (1995) The event is a car bomb that took the lives of at least 26 people and • What questions remain? Walter Cronkite. A Reporter’s Life (1998) injured others. The place is Mutanabi Street in • Which sections provide historic Richard Harding Davis. The Reporter Who Baghdad. background? Would Be King: A Biography of Richard The story takes place four Harding Davis by Arthur Lubow (1992) days after the bombing and the • What contemporary perspectives significance of the place and the do the people interviewed bring to David Halberstam. The Best and the impact of the bombing is provided the story? Brightest (1972, 2001 reprint) in the words of those most affected and witnessed by the Post foreign • What role of the foreign Michael Herr, Dispatches (1977) correspondent. correspondent has Shadid filled in this article? Ryszard Kapuscinski. The Shadow of the Grasp Political Events in Other Sun (2002 reprint) Countries Study a Photograph The nomination of individuals to be Using either today’s Post or the Joe Lelyveld. Omaha Blues: A Memory Turkey’s next president is the news ones included with the articles Loop (2005) peg. Why should we care? “Long the reprinted in this guide, study most secular and modern of Muslim photographs that accompany articles Edward R. Murrow. In Search of Light: The nations, Turkey is in the throes of a written by foreign correspondents Broadcasts of Edward R. Murrow, 1938- social and political transformation ….” and their credit lines. Who was 1961 by Murrow and Edward Bliss (1997) Anthony Shadid provides insight into the photographer? Is he or she a and background of the current story Post employee? What does this tell Ernie Pyle. Here Is Your War: Story of G.I. from Turkey. students about staffing a foreign Joe by Pyle and Orr Kelly (2004) Read and discuss “Ruling Party bureau? What do the photographs Charms a Turkish City With New add to the stories? Andy Rooney. My War (2002)

Dan Rather, Mark Bernstein and Alex Lubertozzi. World War II on the Air: Edward R. Murrow and the Broadcasts That Riveted a Nation (2005)

by michael robinson chavez — the washington post A traumatized woman wails in the ruined streets of Bint Jbeil, Lebanon, the scene of some of the most ferocious fighting between Hezbollah and Israeli forces. She had endured three weeks of non-stop bombing and fighting.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program Meet the Foreign Correspondent

1. What is the main job of a foreign 2. How many years have you been a correspondent? Why is it important foreign correspondent? for a newspaper to have foreign I was a Post foreign correspondent correspondents? for 19 years, from 1986 until 2005 The main job of the correspondent when I returned to take the job as is to report news, trends, events and foreign editor. ideas from designated places around the world back to the Post audience, 3. What are the benefits of being a and to provide background, context foreign correspondent? and texture to events, to help explain You get to see the world, and be foreign news to Post readers — some a frontline witness to some of the of whom are very sophisticated most exciting events of our time. consumers of foreign news. You also have broad freedom to pick Foreign news is increasingly and choose stories and travel widely important, as the world we live in to get them. For those with a sense becomes more globalized and inter- of independence, adventure and BY JULIA EWAN — THE WASHINGTON POST connected, in ways both good and excitement, with a love of news, there bad. Contaminated food products from Keith Richburg, Foreign Editor is no other comparable job. China can sicken pets in America; new cash flows and new wealth in led young men to declare “jihad” and 4. What are the drawbacks of being a places like India mean more money in fly planes into buildings on Sept 11, foreign correspondent? U.S. stock markets and more students 2001, and to bomb trains in Madrid on The only drawback is that the life coming to U.S. universities, as well March 11, 2004, and bomb the subways can be lonely, for those who do not as more opportunities for American in London in July, 2005. thrive in an atmosphere of complete businesses. Trade and immigration Explaining the connections, drawing independence out of the newsroom. agreements hammered out in Congress the lines that connect the dots, and can have the affect of lifting millions giving readers the background is 5. Do foreign correspondents speak out of poverty in Latin America. today the most important job of the the primary language of the countries Anger at U.S. power and policies and correspondent, and I think one of the they are covering? If not, how do they alienation from the Western world most important at the paper. cover the stories? Are Post foreign

Telling Individual Stories

PHOTOS BY KEITH RICHBURG — the washington post Patrick Lozes, one of the few black Adi Huja, 16, who was injured in a Li Shan Lin runs a family restaurant from legislative candidates in Paris. suicide bombing at a Jerusalem cafe. two rooms of his small home in China.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page current events. In addition, French and All our correspondents take Spanish are useful in many places (French precautions for themselves, and we do correspondents expected to learn the in Africa and Haiti, for example; Spanish not have families in dangerous places. languages of the countries they cover? in Europe and Latin America). We do not allow spouses in some jobs, It depends on the country. In some like Afghanistan and, of course, Iraq. places, the language is essential, like 7. Do the children of Post foreign China, South America, Mexico and correspondents attend local schools or 10. What has been the most memorable Russia, and we provide language private schools? experience(s) for you in your years as a training if the reporter does not already Many attend international schools foreign correspondent? have it. In other places, the job is and others attend local schools, In 19 years, I have had many, more regional than country-specific, depending on the country and many memorable experiences like some of the European postings circumstances. Ed Cody in Beijing is — being in Hong Kong for the (Germany, France, Southeast Asia, married to a Chinese woman and their 1997 Handover to China; driving India) and English is widely spoken, daughter attends the local Chinese into Kabul just hours after the fall so no language training is needed. school. of the Taliban; riding a horse over Correspondents often hire translators the Hindu Kush into Afghanistan and assistants. 8. What are the benefits for children of in 2001; traveling the length of foreign correspondents? Vietnam and taking the train over 6. What languages do you recommend The children, I think, have a unique the border into China; seeing students study? opportunity to experience growing the sun rise over Angkor Wat; Students should first decide what up in another culture, and learning watching a lion pride on the move area of the world interests them before a language at the age when learning in the Kenyan masai mara; and deciding on a language to study. It is easier. It can open huge future interviewing presidents and prime does no good to study Arabic if you are opportunities. ministers, like Cory Aquino in the not particularly interested in the Arab Philippines, Aung San Suu Kyi world and Arab culture. Likewise, only 9. Do foreign correspondents ever worry in Burma, and Lee Kwan Yew in study Chinese if you are interested in about their safety and that of their Singapore. They are moments to Chinese history, culture, society and families? treasure.

by keith richburg — the washington post

Richburg reported about a heat wave in France that affected wine-growers, like the one above.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program Three Views

This Is Baghdad. What Could Be Worse? For NBC Reporter, The Job That Won’t Go Away Lara Logan, Rapid Riser By Anthony Shadid Richard Engel Has Made Iraq War Coverage Guts and Glory for CBS’s Chief Foreign Washington Post Foreign Service His Life Correspondent By Howard Kurtz By Howard Kurtz • Originally published October 29, 2006 Washington Post Staff Writer Washington Post Staff Writer It had been almost a year since I was in the Iraqi capital, where I worked as a reporter in the • Originally published October 26, 2006 • Originally published May 18, 2006 days of Saddam Hussein, the U.S.-led invasion Undeterred, Engel took $20,000, went to After serving as a nanny in France and a in 2003, and the occupation, guerrilla war and Jordan and bought a human shield visa, meaning restaurant hostess in New York, [Logan] enrolled religious resurgence that followed. On my return, that he was pledging to chain himself to an Iraqi at a South African university and got the Daily it was difficult to grasp how atomized and violent facility as a deterrent against U.S. bombing. Engel News, in Durban, to hire her by complaining that the city has become. Even on the worst days, got the visa from an Iraqi official who knew full “you don’t have anyone young on your staff.” I had always found Baghdad’s most redeeming well he was a journalist but was swayed by a few She recalls that no one could write about Nelson quality to be its resilience, a tenacious refusal hundred dollars and some baby clothing that Mandela, then languishing in prison, without among people I met over three years to surrender Engel had bought for extra persuasion. facing criminal prosecution. Logan describes the to the chaos unleashed when the Americans As other journalists either withdrew, were struggle against apartheid as “a story with a clear arrived. That resilience is gone, overwhelmed expelled or clamored to get in, Engel was for a right and wrong,” as opposed to the murkiness of by civil war, anarchy or whatever term could brief time the only American television reporter the Iraq war. possibly fit. Baghdad now is convulsed by hatred, in Iraq. He found himself much in demand by Determined to get into Afghanistan, Logan paralyzed by suspicion; fear has forced many to ABC, which still identified him as a freelancer. flew to Russia but still needed a Tajik visa. She leave. Carnage its rhythm and despair its mantra, He did the videotaping himself with a small found the head of the Tajikistan airline and hired the capital, it seems, no longer embraces life. camcorder. Once Saddam Hussein was toppled, his nephew as a translator, which somehow I had first met Karima Salman during the ABC and NBC both offered to hire Engel. He facilitated her paperwork. Traveling with the U.S. invasion. She was a stout Shiite Muslim retained a top New York agent and decided he Northern Alliance rebels as the U.S.-backed war matriarch with eight children, living in a three- would prefer a fresh start with NBC, “coming in raged on, Logan, who had been a CBS Radio room apartment in the working-class district the front door as opposed to climbing up the fire stringer, began making television appearances of Karrada. Trash was piled at her entrance, a escape and breaking in the back door.” and caught the eye of Jeff Fager, then executive dented, rusted steel gate perched along a sagging In the invasion’s aftermath, Engel would drive producer of 60 Minutes II. brick sidewalk. When I visited last year, the each week to such cities as Najaf and Fallujah, Although she had been close to a deal with street, still one of the safer ones in Baghdad, poking around to find stories. But that gradually NBC, Logan signed with the CBS newsmagazine exuded a veneer of normalcy. Makeshift markets changed as the security situation deteriorated. and as a general correspondent as well. Not long overflowed with goods piled on rickety stands: Now, unless he is embedded with a military afterward, she was in an armored Humvee with socks imported from China, T-shirts from Syria unit, Engel usually finds himself confined to the members of the 10th Mountain Division on the and stacks of shoes, sunglasses and lingerie. safer precincts of Baghdad, an experience he Afghan-Pakistan border when the vehicle was Down the street were toys: plastic guns, a Barbie describes as “a noose tightening around us.” He struck by an antitank missile, tearing out the skin knockoff in a black veil, and a pirate carrying an increasingly relies on Iraqi staffers who are from inside Logan’s mouth and bruising her face. The AK-47 and a grenade. There was a “Super Mega certain neighborhoods or members of the same soldier next to her lost his leg. Heavy Metal Fighter” action figure and a doll ethnic group as a given area’s residents. But even that, when squeezed, played “It’s a Small World.” that can be problematic. “I’ve gotten rid of the On April 9, 2003, Firdaus Square became the ones who I think cannot be trusted,” Engel says. lasting image of the U.S. entry into Baghdad. In its center was a metal statue of Hussein in a suit, his arm outstretched in socialist realist fashion. Like an arena of spectators, columns of descending height encircled him, each bearing the initials “S.H.” on their cupolas. By early afternoon that day, hundreds of Iraqis swarmed around the statue with one task in mind: bring it down. It marked the fall. A year later, amid uprisings by Sunni insurgents in Fallujah and Sadr’s militia in Baghdad and the south, it spoke of occupation. The square was deserted, guarded by U.S. tanks whose barrels read, “Beastly Boy” and “Blood lust.” Soldiers, edgy, had orders to shoot anyone with a weapon. At times, music blared over speakers on a Humvee.

1. Read the following World in Brief news accounts.

AFRICA force the government to give its suspected Taliban insurgents were impoverished region a greater share killed during a military operation. Nigerian Rebels Call One-Month of oil funds. The vessel went down as it was Cease-Fire crossing the Helmand River, which THE MIDDLE EAST snakes through southern Helmand · LAGOS, Nigeria -- The main militant province, the world’s leading opium group responsible for attacks on · GAZA CITY -- A radical Islamic group poppy region and site of fierce battles foreign oil installations in Nigeria’s threatened to behead female TV the last several months. Hundreds of lawless south announced a one-month broadcasters if they do not wear strict Taliban insurgents are believed to be cease-fire Saturday, giving the new Islamic dress, frightening reporters in Helmand. president, Umaru Yar’Adua, a chance and signaling a further shift toward In Pakistan, near the border with to resolve a crisis that has helped extremism in the Gaza Strip. Afghanistan, a roadside bomb killed cause global crude prices to spike. The threat to “cut throats from vein five people in a tribal region that is The Movement for the to vein” was delivered by the Swords a hotbed of support for Taliban and Emancipation of the Niger Delta of Truth, a fanatical group that has al-Qaeda-linked militants, police and did not offer to stop kidnapping previously asserted responsibility for officials said. foreign oil workers, but it released six bombing Internet cafes and music hostages who had been seized May 1 shops. THE AMERICAS -- four Italians, one American and one Elsewhere in the Gaza Strip, Croatian -- as a peace offering to the Israeli forces shot and wounded two · HAVANA -- Fidel Castro looked government. Palestinian men near the border fence healthier and more vigorous Sunday But hours earlier, gunmen wearing with Israel, medical officials said, in the first images of the Cuban security force garb abducted four revising an earlier report that they leader to be broadcast on Cuban state other foreign oil workers from their had been killed. television in four months. compound in the southern Niger Castro appeared talking and Delta region’s main city without firing · KABUL -- A boat sank while standing in a tracksuit during a a shot. crossing a river in Afghanistan’s most meeting Saturday afternoon with The group launched its campaign dangerous province, killing about the general secretary of Vietnam’s of kidnappings and oil-installation 60 Taliban fighters and civilians, Communist Party, Nong Duc Manh. bombings in late 2005, seeking to officials said Saturday. Elsewhere, 34

2. Summarize each of the above World in Brief items in a sentence on your own paper.

3. Outline one of the items for type of information provided.

4. Select an international news article from today’s Washington Post. Using the outline that you have created, rewrite the article as a news brief. Name ______Date ______Four Rhetorical Techniques

To cover news, the reporter utilizes several rhetorical techniques (ways of presenting information). These include reportorial, explanatory, narrative and descriptive approaches. One of these techniques might dominate an article, but the rhetorical approaches are often used at different points in the article to tell the whole story. Reportorial Explanatory States the information in a Information is provided to help Identify rhetorical techniques straightforward and factual manner. the reader understand the event, used in these four paragraphs: This includes quoting sources. “Who” issue or idea. This includes history, was involved, “What” took place, comparisons and contrast, facts and BIR ALI, Yemen — The journey and “Where” it took place are often data, and background. The “How” from Somalia ends and begins provided in this approach. something was achieved and the “Why” anew in Bir Ali. behind an event or action are provided Along the Yemeni coast near BAGHDAD, May 30 — Scores of U.S. troops in this approach. this ramshackle fishing village, descended on the vast Shiite district of Sadr City where white sandy beaches wash in Baghdad late Tuesday and early Wednesday, BIR ALI, Yemen — The journey from Somalia residents there said, searching several houses over a stark volcanic plateau, as ends and begins anew in Bir Ali. … many as 100 people a day are in what appeared to be an intense hunt for a By virtue of geography and a relatively British financial consultant and four British lenient government, Yemen has emerged as arriving across the Gulf of Aden in bodyguards abducted Tuesday. the way station from East Africa to Saudi a sprawling and largely unnoticed (John Ward Anderson and Naseer Nouri, “U.S. Arabia, other wealthy Persian Gulf states and exodus from Africa to the Middle Hunts for 5 Britons Abducted in Iraq,” May 31, occasionally Europe. Passage on rickety fishing 2007) East. Tens of thousands have made boats costs $50 to $120 for a 180-mile trip that the trek, forced by war and misery lasts two, three or sometimes four days. (Anthony Shadid, “A Desperate Voyage of Hope from a failed state to a failing one. Narrative and Peril,” May 31, 2007) Since last year, more than 1,000 This approach tells a story. Through of them have died, their decaying the relating of the story, the reporter is corpses often washing ashore and able to bring to life a scene, introduce Descriptive buried in unmarked mass graves people who are involved or impacted by Although reporters are usually near Bir Ali. … the event in a more personal manner, infrequent users of adjectives and Abdullah [Ruqiya Abdullah, a 22- and help readers to understand the adverbs, the reporter who wants to take year-old Somali] fled Mogadishu context of the event. a reader to the location, not just state in January after Ethiopian troops it, will use the descriptive technique. backing Somalia’s transitional Moussa’s parents were born in the village The people, place or event is related in government seized the notoriously of Faluja, now in Israel, where Gamal Abdel such details that the reader becomes a lawless capital from an Islamic Nasser, then a burly Egyptian major (later Egypt’s president), held out for four months fellow eyewitness. group that had taken control six against Israeli troops in the 1948 Arab-Israeli months earlier. She bided her time war. In ensuing years, Faluja would become to BAGHDAD, March 9 — On a pile of bricks, in Bosaso, a Somali port that the Nasser what the Sierra Maestra was to Fidel someone had left a pink plastic flower, a United States says has become the pair of glasses and a book with crisp, white Castro in Cuba. world’s busiest smuggling city. On Moussa was born in Karameh, a Jordanian pages. They glowed in the black debris of village where, on March 21, 1968, an Israeli Mutanabi Street, which by Friday had become Wednesday of last week, she found force of 15,000 attacked. The raid was a graveyard of memories. At 9:03 a.m., a man in room on a boat with 75 others and retaliatory — guerrillas had staged attacks a rumpled brown suit walked past dark banners took what she had: dates and water from the village, just across the Jordan River. mourning the dead. He stopped near the flower for the trip, two shirts, two shawls, and the book, which was opened to a chapter But in a rare success, Palestinian guerrillas shoes and $100 for life in Yemen. forced an embarrassing Israeli withdrawal with on the virtues of Baghdad. the help of Jordanian artillery and armor. In (Sudarsan Raghavan, “Anguish in the Ruins of “The smugglers told us not to time, Karameh assumed mythic proportions Mutanabi Street,” March 10, 2007) move. If you tried to move one in an Arab world accustomed to humiliating inch either side, just to stretch, defeat, helping lay the groundwork for the they beat you,” she said. Her face PLO’s emergence. Comic books were published was framed in a black veil that in Lebanon about the battle. (Anthony Shadid, “In Jordanian Camps, A Sense fell across her brown skirt. “It’s of Nihilism,” April 7, 2007) their nature. They beat everybody — men, women and children.” (Anthony Shadid, “A Desperate Voyage of Hope and Peril,” May 31, 2007) Volume 6, Issue 9

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program Demise of the Foreign Correspondent Walter Cronkite warned that pressure by media companies to generate increasing profits is threatening our nation’s values and freedom by leaving people less informed. “The need for high-quality reporting is greater than ever,” he said.

By Pamela Constable intimately linked to global markets, our to survive. Many family-owned papers Washington Post Staff Writer population is nearly 20 percent foreign- have been acquired by corporations that born, and our lives are directly affected see foreign coverage as an indulgence • Originally published February 18, 2007 by borderless scourges such as global they can’t afford. warming and AIDS. Knowing about the In an effort to cut costs, newspapers When I think back on the most world is not a luxury; it is an urgent are replacing bureaus — which require momentous events of my professional necessity. staffs and cars and family housing — life, they include scenes of both But instead of stepping up coverage with mobile, trouble-shooting individual devastation and deliverance. The of international affairs, American correspondents. The erstwhile bureau boulevards of Manila, flooded with newspapers and television networks chief in New Delhi or Cairo, chatting peaceful demonstrators chanting for are steadily cutting back. The Globe, with diplomats over rum punches on Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos to which stunned the journalism world the veranda, is now an eager kid with abandon power. The slums of Port-au- last month by announcing that it a laptop and an Arabic phrase book Prince, Haiti, where a joyful, gyrating would shut down its last three foreign in her backpack. Freelancers can help mob of slum-dwellers is celebrating the bureaus, is the most recent example. cover more remote or incremental election of populist priest Jean-Bertrand Between 2002 and 2006, the stories, and newswire agencies can Aristide as president. The highlands of number of foreign-based newspaper cover breaking news in global hot spots Guatemala or Peru, where grave sites correspondents shrank from 188 to 141 — but neither is enough. conceal the victims of atrocity. (excluding the Wall Street Journal, Television, meanwhile, continues to If the Boston Globe had not sent which publishes Asian and European bring us instant images of the latest me abroad as a foreign correspondent editions). The Baltimore Sun, which Baghdad market bombing or flimsy in 1983, and allowed me to spend a had correspondents from Mexico to refugee shacks in Sudan’s Darfur decade in Latin America and other Beijing when I went to work there in region, but its coverage of the world regions of the world, I would never 1978, now has none. Newsday, which have been able to witness these once had half a dozen foreign bureaus, is increasingly selective as well as historic changes — and bring them is about to shut down its last one, in superficial. alive to readers back home. Even then, Pakistan. Only four U.S. papers — the Although more than 80 percent of the Globe was one of only a handful Journal, the Los Angeles Times, the the public obtains most of its foreign of American newspapers willing to New York Times and The Washington and national news from TV, the major invest in the luxury of its own foreign Post — still keep a stable of foreign networks are also closing down foreign staff, and I was keenly aware of how correspondents. bureaus, concentrating their resources privileged I was to do all this while It takes a lot of money to maintain on a few big stories such as Iraq. drawing a steady paycheck. an office in a foreign capital. A typical In the 1980s, American TV networks Today, Americans’ need to newspaper bureau overseas costs at each maintained about 15 foreign understand the struggles of distant least $250,000 a year, according to bureaus; today they have six or peoples is greater than ever. Our troops foreign editors, and a large, security- fewer. ABC has shut down its offices are fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, conscious news operation in a city such in Moscow, Paris and Tokyo; NBC countries that we did not know enough as Baghdad can hemorrhage four times closed bureaus in Beijing, Cairo and about when we invaded them and that that. Johannesburg. Aside from a one-person we are still trying to fathom. We have But today many readers are ABC bureau in Nairobi, there are no been victimized by foreign terrorists, switching to other information sources network bureaus left at all in Africa, yet we still cannot imagine why — including Web sites and even blogs anyone would hate us. Our economy is — that have left newspapers struggling continued on page 13

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page 12 psychedelic trail of tears through the But putting aside my nostalgia for jungles of Vietnam. Freya Stark in the literary nomadism, I am convinced that India or South America — regions that 1930s, following the great frankincense cutting back on first-hand reporting are home to more than 2 billion people. road: “On its stream of padding feet from abroad and substituting cheaper, In a speech at Columbia University the riches of Asia travelled; along its simpler forms of overseas news delivery last week, veteran TV news anchor slow continuous thread the Arabian is a false economy and a grave mistake. Walter Cronkite warned that pressure empires rose and fell.” Some may call Don’t we learn more about Islam from by media companies to generate this highbrow tourism, but I agree with Anthony Shadid’s wide-ranging Post increasing profits is threatening our the late Polish correspondent Ryszard interviews with thoughtful Muslims in nation’s values and freedom by leaving Kapuscinski: There is something more Egypt and Turkey than from images people less informed. In today’s valuable and more enduring than facts. of the latest bombing in Baghdad? complicated world, “the need for high- The best work that I produced over Don’t we identify more with Sharon quality reporting is greater than ever,” the years, and that resonated most LaFraniere’s New York Times portraits he said. “It’s not just the journalist’s job with readers, were the stories that took of village customs in Malawi and at risk here. It’s American democracy.” the time and space to portray an alien Mozambique than with dry reports Even at their best, newspapers are world in detail. The road trip across about the grim toll of AIDS across also a limited medium. I have always Afghanistan during Taliban rule, where Africa? If newspapers stop covering been acutely aware that no matter how veiled women told me they finally felt the world, I fear we will end up with deeply I burrowed into a society or how safe from marauding militias. The a microscopic elite reading Foreign many people I interviewed, I was only train ride across India with a family Affairs and a numbed nation watching peeling back the most superficial layers to baptize their son in the Ganges, terrorist bombings flash briefly among of complex, murky worlds in which which they fervently believed would a barrage of commentary, crawls and people routinely lied, every incident protect him for life. The portrait of a celebrity gossip. had a contradictory version, and no poor Afghan village where tiny children Even amid the broader wave of 1,500-word article could possibly do begged me not to destroy the family’s newspaper cutbacks, the announcement justice to the truth. opium poppy crop. The trial of the that the Globe was shutting down Yet newspapers can also fill an Pakistani man who carved up his wife’s its foreign bureaus hit a special important niche between television and face in a jealous rage, and then told nerve among newspaper journalists. academe, offering an accessible way me with great satisfaction that he had Somehow it seemed a watershed in the for busy people to learn about distant avenged his family honor. inexorable surrender of an honorable events and an outlet for writing that Although many people have craft to the bottom line. captures the essence of a time and place a glamorous image of foreign Many of us knew and admired without polemics or pedantry. They can correspondents, theirs is a lonely, gritty Elizabeth Neuffer, a Globe put events in context, explain human and often dangerous way of life. During correspondent who spent several years behavior and belief, evoke a way of life. my years on the road, I have landed in searching for mass killers in Rwanda Foreign correspondents can burrow capitals where I knew no one, all hell and Bosnia, and later published a into a society, cultivate strangers’ was breaking loose and I had 10 hours riveting book about her findings. trust, follow meandering trails and dig until deadline. I have lain in sweltering Elizabeth, who died in a car accident beneath layers of diplomatic spin and hotel rooms staring at spiders, outrun in Iraq in 2003, believed in following government propaganda. drunken soldiers waving pistols, the truth to its source, and the paper As a young reporter, I devoured the interviewed hysterical teenagers who she worked for gave her the space and work of famous foreign correspondents vowed to murder all Americans, inhaled resources to do so. Now I fear we are and yearned to follow in their footsteps tear gas with angry mobs, gone weeks witnessing the demise of the kind of as they chronicled human travails and without a hot meal or shower. journalism that permitted such quests endeavors: the flight into exile, the I never regretted a minute of it at all. search for work, the upheaval of war, — and I never thought I’d be a member the pilgrimage of faith. Joe Lelyveld, of a dying breed. I know that change Pamela Constable, a Washington Post accompanying black workers on is inevitable, that fewer people are staff writer, has reported from more their daily bus commute into a South buying our products and that the than 35 countries. She may be reached African city. Michael Herr, following a news business must adapt or sink. at [email protected].

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program The Vanishing Foreign Correspondent By Fred Hiatt Jack Welch, for example, the former regional newspapers attract talented • Originally published January 29, 2007 chairman of General Electric Co. reporters, who in turn returned to their who has expressed interest in buying home newsrooms with a sense of the When my wife and I worked as the Globe, said earlier this month on world that worked to readers’ benefit. foreign correspondents for The Post CNBC, “I’m not sure local papers need And evidence suggests that in Tokyo 20 years ago, we befriended to cover Iraq, need to cover global newspapers aren’t replacing their own and competed against a host of other events. They can be real local papers. reporting with an equal amount of copy American reporters, including two And franchise, purchase from people from elsewhere. After Sept. 11, there talented writers from the Boston Globe, very willing to sell you their wire was nearly universal acknowledgment Colin Nickerson (still a Globe foreign services that will give you coverage.” that Americans would be better off if correspondent) and Tom Ashbrook Brian Tierney, who bought the we knew more about the world. Yet (now a star of public radio). Philadelphia Inquirer last year, by 2004 the percentage of articles The reporting corps had diverse expressed similar views in a November related to foreign affairs that American views on the central questions of the interview with The Post’s Howard newspapers published on their front time, and even on what the central Kurtz. “We don’t need a Jerusalem pages had dropped to “the lowest total questions were, and the reports we sent bureau,” he said. “What we need in any year we have ever studied,” home reflected that. Readers benefited are more people in the South Jersey according to a report by the Project from the diversity and competition. bureau.” for Excellence in Journalism and Rick I thought of this last week when the “I don’t see us sending 25 people Edmonds of the Poynter Institute. (It Globe, now owned by the New York to do me-too coverage of Katrina,” was 14 percent, down from 21 percent Times Co., announced that it would Tierney went on to say. “I can get in 2003 and 27 percent in both 1987 close its remaining three overseas what’s going on in Iraq online. What and 1977.) bureaus, which no longer include I can’t get is what’s happening in this Maybe the old model just can’t work Tokyo, to conserve resources for region.” anymore. Though The Washington coverage of local news. There’s no doubt that wire reporters Post has managed to maintain its stable The announcement punctuates from the Associated Press and of 20-plus foreign correspondents, what seems to be an accelerating elsewhere perform a courageous no newspaper, including The Post, is trend. Journalist Jill Carroll, studying and indispensable service in Iraq insulated from the pressure of Internet foreign news coverage for a report and around the world, as they have competition for advertising dollars. Nor published by the Shorenstein Center for generations. And thanks to the are the television networks, which have at Harvard University last fall, found Internet, those determined to follow, cut way back on their foreign bureaus that the number of U.S. newspaper say, Japan have easy access to far more as well. foreign correspondents declined from information than when I was filing Yet in an era when clan structures in 188 in 2002 to 141 last year. (If you reports from Tokyo. They can regularly Somalia or separatist movements in the include the Wall Street Journal, which consume English-language editions of Philippines may have a direct bearing publishes editions in Europe and Asia, Japan’s top-notch newspapers, then on U.S. national security — when the decline was from 304 to 249.) move on to the Web sites of think tanks the people who run multinational I find it disheartening that a fine that analyze Japanese politics, and companies such as GE regularly newspaper such as the Globe would those of universities, and beyond. complain that Americans don’t feel compelled to diminish itself in this On the other hand, what Tierney understand the world — we should all way. But maybe that’s the nostalgia of a dismisses as “me-too coverage” often worry about who, if anyone, will report dinosaur. After all, there are some very allowed for a depth and variety of from abroad. smart business people who see no harm reporting, analysis and interpretation in newspapers cutting back on foreign beyond what wire services and foreign The author may be reached at reporting. media provide. Foreign bureaus helped [email protected].

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program War Reporting, Between the Lines On the Front Lines By Ken Ringle Edward R. Murrow gave a sort of answer after The 1991 Gulf War was particularly replete the liberation of the Buchenwald concentration with these. • Originally Published November 5, 2003 camp during World War II. He told radio Likewise, so besotted is Ives with his Those weary of the media’s ever-increasing audiences: “There are no words for what I saw.” concept of the romance of war that he tends preoccupation with their own importance (and The programs feature filmed interviews toward revisionist history. For example, we isn’t everyone?) will want to approach the two- with such high-profile war correspondents as are told that American journalists who flocked part PBS documentary Reporting America at David Halberstam, Peter Arnett and Walter in the 1930s to the Spanish Civil War were War with more than a little skepticism. Cronkite. Andy Rooney on World War II “committed” poets and writers intent on No sooner has Christiane Amanpour and Ward Just on Vietnam are particularly halting fascism. Unmentioned is how many proclaimed, “The great correspondents believe insightful. But even more telling and eloquent of these were committed even more to the … ‘We are the first eyes, the first ears. … is the work of the correspondents themselves. romance of communism. The role of the Soviet Without us, who?’” than you want to hurl a Richard Harding Davis at the start of World Union and the American Communist Party in brick through the TV screen and get on with War I, slowly comprehending the cataclysm recruiting trendy young leftists to fight against something approaching real life. ahead in the “inhuman” endlessness of the Franco seems to have escaped Ives’s notice, as That, however, would be a mistake. Despite “steel gray” German army marching past has journalism’s all-too-frequent whitewash of a few large and inexcusable flaws and an him through Belgium: “It held the mystery Joseph Stalin during the same period. occasional tendency toward breathlessness, and menace of fog rolling toward you across Similar sloppiness is evident as the series these programs by filmmaker Stephen Ives, the ocean.” Edward R. Murrow’s bomb- nears its conclusion. Next week’s treatment of airing tonight and next Wednesday at 9 on punctuated radio voice in 1940 with its famous the Vietnam War and its journalists is one of Channel 26 and at 10 on Channel 22, provide uncommonly intelligent and provocative introduction: “This … is London.” And Ernie the clearest explanations of the war’s evolution television. Pyle’s wrenching, indelible portrait of loss and and demise ever broadcast. Far less complete is They don’t really tell us that much new about leadership etched in 800 words describing the its depiction of journalism during the Gulf War, the journalism of war, but in the process of mule-back journey of a single officer’s corpse when Ives would have us believe all journalists reporting on the reporting, they give us some down a mountain trail in Italy. were captives of Pentagon restrictions. remarkably thoughtful insights into war itself, The power of those descriptions approaches Curiously — almost criminally — omitted and into the fragile, vital neurons that connect that of literature, echoing age-old tales of from the program is any mention of the late it with the people back home. This may not great endeavor and of loss, and to Ives’s great Michael Kelly, who, like the best journalists of help you sort out Iraq, but it provides an credit, he gives us more than a few such the past, simply ignored the generals and found illuminating up-close-and-personal tour through passages to ponder. He also draws, particularly his own way to the Gulf War battlefield. His the conflicts of the 20th century and the from Rooney and Just, fruitful reflection on stunningly eloquent, award-winning dispatches awful, hypnotic spell they cast over society’s the moral imperative for a correspondent to for the New Republic not only brought the war professional witnesses. experience the dangers he can walk away from vividly and poignantly to life, they produced The dual aims of the documentary are that the fighting men around him cannot. Martyrs’ Day, the only memorable book to captured in the titles of its two chapters. Unfortunately, the programs tend to blur emerge from that conflict. Since Kelly would Tonight’s 90-minute segment, “The Romance of the line between that sense of professional be one of the first journalists to die in the War,” explores the moth-and-flame relationship responsibility and the sort of trench-coat current conflict in Iraq — lured back to that that keeps some in journalism hovering over posturing engaged in by those correspondents country by a sense of commitment very much the grisly calling that masks itself in great who merely bask in the reflected glory of great at the heart of Ives’s story of what makes war adventure. Next week’s chapter, “Whose events. correspondents tick — his omission is all the Side Are You On?,” spends most of its time “It is the dream of every young man to be a more puzzling in a program of such ambition. on the Vietnam War, the highly skeptical foreign correspondent, is it not?” asks Gloria Also ignored is Ted Koppel, which is equally reporting that evolved there, and the impact Emerson, who once covered Vietnam for the puzzling. Ives’s interviewees bemoan the fact of that reporting and of today’s technology on New York Times. that journalism is getting less serious amid the subsequent conflicts like the war in Iraq. Well, no. Most young people, particularly gee-whiz fascination with real-time broadcast Both programs quickly dismiss the sort today, have only the vaguest idea what a foreign technology. Yet it was Koppel, returning from of war correspondence that parrots official correspondent does. Those few who ponder it Iraq as one of the elder statesmen among reports of body counts and territorial gains. at all probably confuse it with being a television correspondents, who pointed out that live They argue instead that since war is ultimately star — an impression today’s media tend to broadcast of war might be television, but it about thousands of shattered bodies and foster. Reporting America at War spends wasn’t journalism. Journalism, he declared, shattered lives, the real question for journalists a commendable effort examining serious involves the filtering of details and scenes is how best to convey the appalling enormity correspondents who immerse themselves in through a human brain. It is an attempt to of that through detail — if, indeed, the whole their subject. It spends far too little on the make some sense of scenes and events, even grotesque truth about war is even capable of growing phenomenon of journalistic careerists those as essentially incoherent as those on transmittal. who dip in and out of conflicts to pad their the field of battle. That’s a thought worth How many horrific scenes can readers and resumes, never acquiring either the military considering in a program that, despite its viewers be told about and shown without knowledge or the cultural sensitivity to become flaws, remains as ambitious and thoughtful as distress, titillation, disengagement or denial? more than hand-wavers at Pentagon briefings. Reporting America at War.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program Anguish in the Ruins of Mutanabi Street In Baghdad’s Literary District, Mourning Loved Ones and a Once-Unifying Place

By Sudarsan Raghavan Washington Post Foreign Service

• Originally published March 10, 2007 BAGHDAD, March 9 — On a pile of bricks, someone had left a pink plastic flower, a pair of glasses and a book with crisp, white pages. They glowed in the black debris of Mutanabi Street, which by Friday had become a graveyard of memories. At 9:03 a.m., a man in a rumpled brown suit walked past dark banners mourning the dead. He stopped near the flower and the book, which was opened to a chapter on the virtues of Baghdad. “There is no God but God,” he said, his voice disappearing in the cracking sound of a shovel against debris. He stared at the gutted bookshops, hollowed like skulls by the blast and the flames. He lowered his head, fighting back tears. Then he turned and walked away. On Friday morning, Iraqis continued to drift to Mutanabi Street, four days after a car bomb took the lives of at least 26 people BY SUDARSAN RAGHAVAN — THE WASHINGTON POST and injured dozens more. Some came to A memorial to those killed on Mutanabi Street, a district described by one of its hunt for the remains of loved ones. Others booksellers as “the only place that hadn’t been touched by sectarianism.” came to mourn a street that represented the intellectual soul of a nation known for its love affair with books. For many, the Hummus seller.” He was a Shiite from He kissed the piece of leather, then placed narrow warren of shops had seemed to defy Najaf, said those who knew him. it gently on a warped metal box next to the Iraq’s woes. A few inches away, a dusty, charred flower, the eyeglasses and the book. Mutanabi Street had long been cellphone lay next to an empty yellow “Come and see it,” he yelled to five men considered “the unifier of Iraq,” said Khalid plastic bag and a shard of burned flesh delicately digging through debris. “It is his Hussein, a bookseller with cropped hair stuck to cloth. A note read: “This is the size.” He broke into tears. and thick forearms. Before the bombing, he only remains from this person. Everyone is “This is your shoe,” he yelled, looking said, this was “the only place that hadn’t going back to God.” toward the pale blue sky. “My son, I bought been touched by sectarianism.” By Friday, the body parts had vanished. it for you.” The evidence was lodged in the dense Around Khalid Hussein were fathers and He fell to his knees, sobbing. heaps of twisted metal and the mangled sons, strangers and friends. The smells The six men, all relatives, were hunting cars. Here, a page from a Bible. There, of smoke and burned paper lingered. for a teenager’s remains. The boy had been a page from a Koran. Tattered posters of Scavengers looked for loot, but nobody paid shopping for notebooks on Mutanabi Street, Imam Ali, Shiite Islam’s revered saint, attention. named for a 10th-century poet. They had littered the ground near the 8-foot-wide “This is his shoe,” a man cried out. “I been digging since Wednesday, morning till crater left by the bomb. The shop that sold bought it for him.” evening. Wahhabi Sunni literature was in ruins. It was 9:06 a.m. The man was slim, They stared blankly at the shoe. No one The day after the attack, blackened with peppery hair and square, gray-tinted had the heart to tell the father the truth. body parts covered with cardboard and glasses. He clutched a black chunk of flat pink stationery sat near a storefront. A leather melted by the heat. “I bought it for him.” note read: “The remains of Hadi Hassan. continued on page 17

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

by sudarsan raghavan — the washington post Iraqis examine the destruction on Baghdad’s Mutanabi Street, four days after a car bomb killed at least 26 people and gutted the area’s famed bookstores. continued from page 16 “We haven’t told Nabil yet what A few minutes later, he broke into tears happened,” Hayawi said. “It will be again. difficult.” Iraqis passed him, gingerly stepping So they kept digging. He walked away with his son. They through the debris. Across the street from “Don’t step hard,” the father said. “Don’t passed a black banner with yellow writing. the Hayawis’ bookshop, the remains of the harm him.” It said that the Hayawi family mourned the Shahbandar Cafe sat silent. For decades, At 9:15 a.m., Najah al-Hayawi, short with loss of Mohammad and his nephew, “who Iraqis had gathered there, waxing about gray hair and a white mustache, emerged were assassinated by the cowardly bombing politics and culture over water pipes and with his son from a building with smoke- at Mutanabi Street.” sweet tea. Beautiful black-and-white photos covered Grecian pillars. The car bomb At 9:23 a.m. the man searching for his of Baghdad had adorned its walls. had exploded in front of their family’s son spoke again. At 9:48 a.m. Khalid Hussein was rattling Renaissance bookstore, one of the street’s “You’ll find him,” he said to his relatives. off the names of the dead. oldest. “You will find his ID, his jacket. You’ll find “I am trying to rebuild myself,” he said. “We’ve been here since 1957,” Hayawi them just as you found this,” he added, “We cannot leave Mutanabi Street. Outside lamented. picking up the flattened shoe. of Mutanabi Street, we feel lost.” Hayawi’s brother Mohammad, a burly The men nodded and kept digging. At 10:04 a.m., a man in a green shirt Sunni Arab with twinkling honey-colored When asked how he knew his son was stood before a shattered shop, screaming eyes, was killed. So was his nephew, the buried there, he replied: “My heart tells me for a man named Moean. only son of another brother, Nabil. Nabil, so.” “Moean. Answer me back. Moean.” miraculously, survived and was being He wouldn’t give his name. When asked He fell to the ground, crying. A friend treated in a hospital. his son’s name, he answered: “His name is helped him up, and slowly they walked up Iraq.” the street, away from the debris where the five men kept digging.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program In Jordanian Camps, A Sense of Nihilism By Anthony Shadid Washington Post Foreign Service

• Originally published April 7, 2007 AMMAN, Jordan — Ahmed Abu Amira stared down a road of the Hussein Refugee Camp, strewn with moist garbage and bordered with concrete and cinder block in a generic scene of poverty. It headed west, as it has for six decades, toward the home of his parents. “Palestine is a long way away,” he said, standing amid customers picking through his potpourri of cheap goods: by salah malkawi — getty images combs, toothpaste, leather wallets and nail polish in yellow and green. “This Palestinians are estimated to be a majority of Jordan’s people, with many living at conflict doesn’t have any end. It will sprawling refugee camps such as this one in Baqaa. end when the world does.” Bahdala, he called it, a mess. “I swear to God,” Palestinians are estimated to pervasive, often angry disillusionment he said, his face contorted in the represent a majority of the small desert with any politics, secular or mainstream anger of resignation, “death would be kingdom’s nearly 6 million inhabitants, religious, with the onset of factional strife preferable.” but only a fraction are registered as in the Palestinian territories and chaos in The more than 1.8 million refugees with the United Nations, Iraq. Palestinian refugees and their among them the great-grandchildren of “You run away from one danger and go descendants in Jordan registered by the Palestinians who fled Israel’s creation to a greater danger,” said Taher al-Masri, United Nations, along with hundreds in 1948. Unlike other Arab countries, a Palestinian and former prime minister. of thousands of others in Lebanon and Jordan granted citizenship to almost The camps in Jordan remain far Syria, remain a sideshow to the region’s all of the refugees, even though their more quiescent than those in Lebanon, more turbulent crises and wars, a 60- presence in camps like Hussein, virtually where the most radical of factions have year-old diaspora whose permanence a neighborhood of Amman today, was taken a higher profile. In Ein al-Hilweh, denies the notion that refugee status considered temporary. Officially, it still is. many arguments erupt into armed is temporary. But in conversations For years, Jordanian officials, wary clashes among young men bristling along the streets of Jordan’s 10 camps, of Palestinian dissent, have watched with weapons. In another camp, Nahr the Palestinians tell a story, however uneasily as the camps, once bastions of al-Bared, the Lebanese army has laid anecdotal, of a landscape where the secular nationalism of the Palestine siege to the camp in an attempt to secular politics has withered, Islamic Liberation Organization, have turned arrest followers of a splinter group, activism is ascendant and, perhaps toward mainstream Islamic currents. Fatah al-Islam, that joins Palestinians more important, a sense of dejection, Officials say Palestinians represent the with other Arabs and was blamed for even nihilism, is rising, with uncertain majority of the rank and file of the Islamic the bombings of two buses in mid- consequences. Action Front, the Jordanian branch of February in a town near Beirut. “Look at my face and tell me what the Muslim Brotherhood. In the camps, But even in the Jordanian camps, it expresses,” said Abu Amira, a 55- perhaps only half of schoolgirls a decade once-taboo subjects are broached as year-old with short-cropped hair and ago wore the hijab, a veil that covers the residents talk openly of a conflict that a trimmed gray beard. “There’s not hair but not the face. Today, virtually all in their view can no longer be resolved one person who laughs here.” Traffic do. and that in some ways they no longer snarled the street outside his storefront. But in the past five years, perhaps even “Hope, these days, has died.” more striking has been the growth of a continued on page 19

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page 18 artillery and armor. In time, Karameh assumed mythic proportions in an recognize. Despairing, some say they Arab world accustomed to humiliating would settle for compensation from the defeat, helping lay the groundwork for United Nations or elsewhere rather than the PLO’s emergence. Comic books insist on the right to return to their pre- were published in Lebanon about the 1948 homes, a principle once deemed battle. inviolable. Others angrily frame the “Those memories have died,” said conflict, long a struggle of competing Ibrahim Salem, a 32-year-old barber national claims to land, in the most in Karameh, where the sole graffiti epochal of terms. declares, “Islam is the solution,” along BY JULIA EWAN — THE WASHINGTON POST “If peace doesn’t happen, then war a street of shops with names like Haifa follows,” said Fawzi Ahmed, a grocer and Jerusalem. “The Arabs no longer About Anthony Shadid tossing pink and white mints on a scale. have Palestine in their heart.” Koranic chants floated along his In camps like Baqaa, 10 miles north Anthony Shadid, a Washington Post street, littered with scraps of bread, of Amman, their streets washed of foreign correspondent, was named broken eggshells and soggy lettuce. color, residents watch the smoldering the first winner of the Michael Kelly Vendors behind rickety tables of fruit conflict between the Islamic movement Award. and vegetables shouted their offers: of Hamas and loyalists of Palestinian Shadid was chosen because he “Beans for a half-dinar!” A little ways Authority President Mahmoud Abbas displayed both physical and intellectual down was Ibrahim Moussa, a retired with bitterness and bewilderment. courage in his reporting from Iraq, government employee, who insisted Often, anger at America and Israel and embodies the fearless expression on sharing coffee before speaking. His is conflated with resentment at and pursuit of truth recognized by the heavy, gray mustache bore the yellow Palestinian politicians who the Kelly award. “Shadid’s dispatches were stains of nicotine. residents say work solely in their own very much in the spirit of Michael “Our problem here is what? It’s interests. Kelly’s distinctive journalism during how to eat, how to drink, and how to “Everyone wants to protect his seat the Persian Gulf War a dozen years forget about our problems. We can’t do of power,” said Khitam Ramadan, a 30- earlier,” according to a statement from anything else,” he said, coffee in one year-old pharmacist, in her threadbare the judges. hand, a cigarette in the other. “That store. The $25,000 award was established cultivates hatred. It’s the hatred of not Down the street, Suheil Ajouri, a to honor Michael Kelly, who was being able to do anything.” 30-year-old father of two, shared her killed April 3, 2003, while covering Moussa’s parents were born in condemnation. His words poured out the war in Iraq in its first weeks. He the village of Faluja, now in Israel, like a dam breaking. “I don’t trust any of was embedded with the Third Infantry where Gamal Abdel Nasser, then a them. They have no principles,” he said. Division and died in a Humvee burly Egyptian major (later Egypt’s Money motivates them, he declared, “no accident south of Baghdad. Kelly president), held out for four months more, no less.” was editor of two Atlantic Media against Israeli troops in the 1948 Arab- Like many, he spoke of justice, a word publications, The Atlantic Monthly Israeli war. In ensuing years, Faluja heard far more often in the camps than and National Journal, and was a would become to Nasser what the freedom. He catalogued his expenses columnist for The Post’s Writers Sierra Maestra was to Fidel Castro in — clothes, food and rent for his family, Group. Cuba. school for his children — then contrasted Moussa was born in Karameh, a it with his income of $360 a month as Visit www.washpost.com/nie and Jordanian village where, on March a shopkeeper, not nearly enough. He select Force of Freedom: Whether 21, 1968, an Israeli force of 15,000 declared that the conflict was divinely in the Cradle of Civilization or an attacked. The raid was retaliatory ordained to end in their favor. But emerging democracy, voters are — guerrillas had staged attacks from as his anger grew, he blurted out an rejecting fear and choosing freedom the village, just across the Jordan alternative. (Volume 4, Issue 6, February 21, River. But in a rare success, Palestinian “They’re never going to solve it 2005). This NIE guide provides several guerrillas forced an embarrassing Israeli in my lifetime,” he said. “There’s no examples of Shadid’s Iraq coverage and withdrawal with the help of Jordanian solution, absolutely.” activities to use with them.

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Ruling Party Charms a Turkish City With New Take on Secular Heritage

By Anthony Shadid In a region imbued with skepticism of Turkish mythology. Then and now, the Washington Post Foreign Service the West, it has embraced the goal of city has also celebrated its commercial membership in the European Union by prowess, underlined by the saying that • Originally published May 12, 2007 undertaking far-reaching, liberal reforms. families will send their smart sons into KAYSERI, Turkey — Six decades of Its politics are decidedly capitalist, business, their dim-witted ones to school. work has arched his back, age has slowed pushing ahead Turkey’s integration into These days, the city hews to its his speech. But Ahmet Hamdi Gul was the world economy. Its religious demands mercantile reputation, if not its quick to praise the people running this are articulated not in the context of Islam, nationalist past. city in the heart of Anatolia, awash in a but in the language of human rights. “A president like Gul brings good to transformation from backwater to bustling Kayseri, a city of 700,000, is a the country,” reads a banner hanging entrepot, from stronghold of Turkey’s laboratory for those policies. Here on from the balcony of the local chapter ultranationalists to redoubt of the religiously the dry, wind-buffeted Anatolian steppe, of the Independent Industrialists and rooted party that rules the country. the party has won the loyalty of the Businessmen’s Association. “They’ve done well for the city,” the 81- conservative but brash entrepreneurial The association, effectively a year-old Gul said simply, during a visit to class challenging Turkey’s old money. But chamber of commerce, caters to the a factory where he worked until last year. it has also cemented the support of those entrepreneurial class that emerged in The words were not unusual, but left on the sidelines by that globalization the traditional, religiously conservative the speaker was. He is the father of — the thousands of poor people given towns of Anatolia in the 1980s, vying Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul, whose food each day at soup kitchens it has for influence with the more traditional nomination as Turkey’s president, helped organize. Across the city, the party elite, in cities such as Istanbul and eventually derailed, touched off a political has measured success less by resolving Ankara, that often grew to prominence crisis last month. The father’s modesty the debate over the wearing of head with state patronage. It doesn’t hide its says something about Gul’s grass-roots scarves in public than by making Kayseri religious sensibilities, handing out Islamic appeal in Kayseri. And his words say a model of responsive administration. literature along with information on its something about the ruling Justice The result: The party and its 28 branches and 2,700 members across and Development Party’s draw here predecessors have run the mayor’s office the country. But its members speak — as modernizers, populists and devout since 1994. In the last election, it won an aggressively self-assured language guardians of the poor. seven of the city’s eight seats in parliament; of emerging markets, exports, high Long the most secular and modern of its goal this summer is the last seat. The technology standards and integration Muslim nations, Turkey is in the throes of influence of its long-standing rival, the with the global economy. a social and political transformation that Nationalist Action Party, has shriveled as “The only language the West began nearly 60 years ago and crested supporters defect, some complaining that understands is success,” said Saban with the Justice and Development Party’s the party lacks a program beyond a vision Copuroglu, 41, head of the Kayseri surprising ascent to power in elections of stern nationalism. chapter. “As Turkey opens to the outside, in 2002. It is sometimes cast as a simple “Kayseri will be the Istanbul of the Kayseri has seen big changes, and we contest between the secular orthodoxy of future,” boasted Sedat Colak, a 20-year- didn’t want to just stand by and watch Turkey’s founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, old Justice and Development supporter them happen.” and the ruling party’s origins in the headed for military service, as he sat in The influence of Anatolian businessmen country’s Islamic movement of the 1990s. a leafy park by a brick path winding to a such as Copuroglu is remaking this city, But the party’s success in Kayseri shows newly built cafe shadowed by medieval as it is the rest of Turkey. Day flights to how it has leveraged the rise of a new Ottoman monuments. Kayseri and other remote centers are elite to create a broad, subtle, sometimes Before Gul’s entry into politics, Kayseri often filled with young businessmen. visceral appeal. was perhaps best known for its pastirma, Stores marketing Kayseri’s exports The Justice and Development Party a spicy cured beef. Its politics were — furniture and appliances, for instance has no equivalent in the Muslim world. no less pungent. A generation ago, it — line stately boulevards. Copuroglu, in Despite its roots, its leaders — Prime was renowned as a stronghold of the Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Gray Wolves, a right-wing paramilitary others — disavow the label Islamic. organization with a name taken from continued on page 21

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program continued from page 20 Across town, after midday prayers, Atila considers herself devout but does women in head scarves and cheap sandals not wear the veil, having been forced a dark suit with a green tie that bordered gathered at a soup kitchen, known as an to remove it when she entered Erciyes on fluorescent, calls these businessmen asevi, that opened last year. There are University in 2001. She quit, then returned “the new generation.” about 40 around town, organized by the months later wearing a wig as a substitute. As he spoke, the banner for Gul mayor’s office, serving 5,000 people a day. Atila said she had hoped the party would fluttered outside. His loyalties to Gul and “Even when our son got married, they change the laws, but knew that the secular Erdogan were evident, echoing the sense went and got help for him,” said Fadime establishment, laying claim to the legacy of among many businessmen in the city that Adsiz, a 55-year-old woman in line. She Ataturk, would prevent it. the party has managed to both reflect and listed the aid: furniture, beds, pots and “They’re not the only ones who are pro- articulate their ambitions. pans, blankets, appliances, even a bus Ataturk,” she said of the secularists, her “Both represent the real Anatolia,” ticket so her son could travel to Istanbul voice rising. “I am pro-Ataturk, too. At Copuroglu said. “They’re the best for his military service. the same time, I don’t want to turn him example of ‘we’ instead of ‘me.’ “ “My son, too,” added Nirgul Dener. into an icon and pray to him.” The mayor here is Mehmet Ozhaseki, Mustafa, 24, was married five months ago. The Nationalist Action Party, which who was first elected in 1994 as a Kayseri is a conservative city, and the formed the militant Gray Wolves in the member of a ruling party predecessor, the debates raging along Turkey’s fault lines 1960s, still attracts support in Kayseri, more avowedly religious Welfare Party, — between tradition and modernity, but its fortunes are dwindling. Unlike the which was banned in 1998. He won office religion and secularism, the power of the well-lit headquarters of the Justice and a year later with its successor, the Virtue center and the emerging periphery in Development Party, its offices are dark, Party. That organization was banned in Kayseri and elsewhere — are reflected staffed by men with crescent mustaches 2001, and Ozhaseki joined the Justice here. The state’s view of secularism, who forgo kisses on each cheek for a and Development Party, winning office in which religion is subservient to the slight tap on the head. The doors are again in 2004 with more than 70 percent state and its bureaucracy, is seen as closed. The clock is stuck at 7:50, the of the vote. anachronistic by many ruling party second hand frozen. The party’s secular critics — still supporters. “Nationalism, nationalism, entrenched in the military, judiciary and Since 1950, parties, and even the nationalism,” said Aykut Iltekin, 35, a bureaucracy — suspect a hidden agenda; military, have flirted with the idea of fitness equipment vendor who voted with Gul’s election, they feared, the party a growing role for Islam, motivated by for the party in parliamentary elections would reveal its colors and press ahead with political expediency or the quest for in 1999. “It’s like saying you can just Islamization. Particularly upsetting to many popular support in a country that is 98 survive on water, that we need nothing was the prospect of Gul’s wife, who wears a percent Muslim. But the debate has more.” head scarf, living in the presidential palace, rarely been so pronounced. Critics of the Iltekin is now deputy head of the a citadel of the secular state. But religion ruling party believe it is out to dismantle Justice and Development Party in figures little in Ozhaseki’s administration, Ataturk’s ideals, pointing to proposals Kayseri. “I got clever,” he quipped. which, like Erdogan’s government, has tried such as the recriminalizing of adultery as His frustration was echoed in a to turn day-to-day civic effectiveness into an evidence of intent. The party’s supporters shopping mall in the city, where ideology. counter that they, too, are secularists, another debate was going on. Standing Mehmet Yuksel, a 61-year-old retiree, but of a different ilk. To them, the state with friends and customers, Hamza stood with a rake and a packed lunch should not enforce secularism as an Ersungur, the 27-year-old owner of a at an urban garden set up by Ozhaseki’s ideology, but rather stand aside, allowing cellphone shop, said he had voted for office, where residents pay less than people to freely express their devotion the nationalists in every past election. $100 a year for a small plot. He gave his — be it head scarves in universities or The party’s triple-crescent banner was version of the trains running on time — public prayers. proudly emblazoned on the rear window traffic lights worked, he said, a tramway “This secularism is only serving a of his white Volkswagen Golf. connected the city, workers were busy small part of the society,” insisted Serife But these days, he said a little on a new stadium, and green space has Gul Atila, 20, a nursing student at sheepishly, “something was missing.” grown eightfold. Erciyes University who was sitting with “I no longer trust them,” he said. “If Problems with water or electricity? a friend in the downtown park, a statue I vote for them, I want them to run the “You call them, and in 15 minutes, a car of a martial Ataturk on a horse in the country, and I’m not sure they know comes and sorts it out,” Yuksel said. distance. how.”

An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program

Academic Content Standards

This lesson addresses academic content standards of Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia.

Maryland Virginia Washington, D.C.

Social Studies: Students will use World Geography: The student will Social Studies: Geography, Human geographic concepts and processes analyze how the forces of conflict Systems: Students understand to examine the role of culture, and cooperation affect the division how economic, political and technology, and the environment and control of the Earth’s surface by social processes interact to shape in the location and distribution explaining and analyzing the different patterns of human population, of human activities and spatial spatial divisions …; analyzing ways interdependence, cooperation, connections throughout time. cooperation occurs to solve problems competition, compromise and (Standard 3.0 Geography) and settle disputes. conflicts in controlling the Earth’s surface. Social Studies: Students will analyze The student will develop skills for the major sources of tension, historical and geographical analysis Social Studies, Geography: Students cooperation and conflict in the world including the ability to use map and globe skills to and the efforts that have been made a) identify and interpret artifacts determine the absolute locations to address them. (History) and primary and secondary source of places and interpret information documents to understand events in available through a map or globe’s Social Studies: Analyze history; legend, scale, and symbolic interrelationships among physical c) compare and contrast historical representations. (2.1) and human characteristics that events; shape the identity of places and e) make connections between past regions around the world. (Grade and present; 7, Geography, Topic: Geographic g) interpret ideas and events from Characteristics of Places and different historical perspectives. Regions)

Standards of Learning currently in effect The Maryland Voluntary State Curriculum for Virginia Public Schools can be found Learning Standards for DCPS are found Content Standards can be found online at online at www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/ online at www.k12.dc.us/dcps/Standards/ http://mdk12.org/mspp/vsc/index.html. Superintendent/Sols/home.shtml. standardsHome.htm.