Interference of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in the Green Hydra

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Interference of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in the Green Hydra See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227073954 Interference of asexual and sexual reproduction in the green hydra Article in Ecological Research · November 2011 DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0771-6 CITATIONS READS 17 1,030 1 author: Anita Kaliszewicz Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw 19 PUBLICATIONS 72 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Anita Kaliszewicz on 16 February 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Ecol Res (2011) 26: 147–152 DOI 10.1007/s11284-010-0771-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Anita Kaliszewicz Interference of asexual and sexual reproduction in the green hydra Received: 15 February 2010 / Accepted: 23 September 2010 / Published online: 3 November 2010 Ó The Ecological Society of Japan 2010 Abstract The green hydra, Hydra viridissima, has three participation of gametes) can also reproduce sexually. sexes: hermaphrodite, male, and female. I investigated Thus, asexual reproduction without involvement of the reproductive strategies of the green hydra and the gametes (e.g., fission, budding, or defragmentation) is relationship between asexual budding and sexual often interrupted by periods of sexual reproduction. reproduction. The proportion of mature individuals in Alternating between sexual and asexual reproduction is the asexually reproducing population increased with common in many freshwater and marine invertebrates, increasing temperature. Sexual reproduction did not such as echinoderms, oligochaetes, polychaetes, nemer- interrupt asexual budding in hermaphrodites or males; tines, platyhelminthes (Christensen 1984; McElhone sexual reproduction did interrupt asexual budding in 1982; McGovern 2002; Riser 1994; Rouse and Pleijel females. Sexual reproduction also resulted in exponen- 2001; Wallace and Benbow 2009), and cnidarians, tial population growth during the reproductive season. such as sea anemones and freshwater hydras (Giese The number of asexual buds on each parental individual and Pearse 1974; Hyman 1940; Pennak 1978). Sexual was positively correlated with the parental individual reproduction appears to be a strategy these animals size in asexual individuals and in males. The same utilize for surviving unfavorable conditions (e.g., in oli- positive correlation was found between the number of gochaetes and hydras; Burnett 1973; Christensen 1984) testicles and the size of males. These correlations reflect or dispersing (e.g., in echinoderms and sea anemones; a common tendency in asexual and sexual reproduction: Shick 1991; Thorson 1950). Sexual reproduction is larger parental individuals have a greater number of usually limited to distinct time periods, and animals can propagules or gametes. No correlation was found begin to reproduce sexually in response to changing between size and buds or size and gonads in hermaph- environmental conditions. Factors that induce sexual rodites; hermaphrodites had at most one asexual bud reproduction include changes in temperature, photope- and were significantly larger than males, females, and riod, and/or food availability (Burnett 1973; Giese and asexual individuals. The larger size of hermaphrodites Pearse 1974; Whitney 1907). Generally the switch from supports the hypothesis that producing both female and asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction is complete; male gonads is more energetically costly than producing individuals stop their asexual reproduction and start only one type of gamete (gonochorism). to develop gonads. There are also hermaphroditic or gonochoric species that reproduce both sexually and Keywords Budding Æ Reproductive strategies Æ asexually. Hermaphroditic species are dominant in Hydras Æ Three sexes Æ Hermaphroditism number and include oligochaetes, nemertines, platyhel- minthes, and most of the cnidarians. Conversely, gonochoric species are less abundant and include the Introduction echinoderms, polychaetes, some sea anemones, and hydras (Giese and Pearse 1974; Hyman 1940). Asexual reproduction in aquatic animals cannot be Hydras can be either hermaphroditic or gonochoric described as a marginal strategy. Many animals that (e.g., Hydra vulgaris and the symbiotic Hydra viridissima can reproduce asexually sensu stricto (without the Pallas 1766, Stagni 1966). H. viridissima is an exception to other hydra species regarding the interference of sexual and asexual periods because asexually reproduc- A. Kaliszewicz (&) ing individuals that start to develop gonads do not Centre for Ecological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, interrupt their asexual budding even when they have Konopnickiej 1, 05-092 Łomianki, Poland E-mail: [email protected] matured (Burnett and Diehl 1964). H. viridissima 148 (formerly Chlorohydra viridissima Pallas 1766; syn. polyp size measurements, the average of two width and Hydra viridis Linnaeus 1767; Cnidaria: Hydridae) is one length measurements of each H. viridissima individual of the host species for Chlorella algae and can be found was used in Eq. 1. I collected 1,423 H. viridissima sam- in freshwater ponds throughout Europe and other parts ples. Mature individuals and subsamples of asexual of the world (excluding Antarctica). Similar to other individuals (N = 165 polyps) were measured. They were hydras, H. viridissima reproduces primarily by asexual sexed, and the number of gonads and asexual buds budding. In contrast to most European hydra species, was noted. H. viridissima size was compared with the H. viridissima is a ‘‘warm-crisis’’ hydra. H. viridissima number of buds and testicles for males and hermaph- reproduces sexually when temperatures rise to or are rodites. H. viridissima population density was calculated maintained at high levels (‡20°C) (Burnett 1973). The as the number of H. viridissima per 100 g dry mass of the sexual reproductive period of H. viridissima in the tem- plants to which the H. viridissima samples were attached perate zone occurs between May and June. Whitney during collection. The macrophytes were dried at 55°C (1907) reported that increasing temperatures were the for 24 h and then weighed. main factor inducing the development of gonads in H. viridissima. Interestingly, the large H. viridissima individuals developed ovaries and testicles whereas small Statistics individuals only developed testicles (Whitney 1907). Females have been reported as a facultative and mar- The relationship between H. viridissima size and the ginal sex of H. viridissima (Stagni 1966). number of testicles and asexual buds produced by I analyzed the interference of asexual and sexual hermaphrodites and males was evaluated with the non- reproduction and the proportion of three sexes present parametric Spearman’s correlation test. Differences in in H. viridissima. The goals were to assess (1) the density the size of nonbudding and budding H. viridissima of H. viridissima population during the season of their individuals by sex (hermaphrodites, males, and females) presence, (2) the abundance of each sex during the sex- and the proportion of budding individuals to nonbud- ual reproductive period, (3) the time of gonad induction, ding individuals was assessed with Kruskal-Wallis and and the size differences between sexes, and (4) the cor- Mann-Whitney U tests. A significance level of 0.05 was relation between the size of the reproducing individuals assumed for the statistical analyses, which were per- and their number of buds and gonads. formed using the Statistica 6.1 software. Methods Results Sample collection and analysis Population density and proportion of sexual individuals Hydra viridissima were collected from a canal connected Hydra viridissima individuals were found in the canal to the small Jeziorka River in Konstancin Jeziorna, from May to July when temperatures ranged from 15 to central Poland (52°05¢N, 21°08¢E). In the summer, the 25°C. Population growth was exponential during the canal water is covered by a dense Lemna bloom. I col- H. viridissima growing season. At the end of June, I lected H. viridissima samples in three locations (sepa- observed maximum H. viridissima abundance (14,000 rated by more than 15 m) every 10 days from April to individuals per 100 g of dry mass of macrophytes; July in 2008 when H. viridissima were present. The Fig. 1b). The first mature individuals were observed in samples, attached to submerged macrophytes, were May and accounted for less than 5% of the population transported in plastic bags to the laboratory and ana- (Fig. 1a). Throughout the growing season, asexual lyzed within 24 h. The samples were removed by a pip- individuals were the most dominant form of H. viri- ette from the macrophytes and transferred to Petri dissima, and 31% of asexual individuals were budding. dishes. Then, mature H. viridissima and subsamples of The number of buds per individual ranged from 1 to 5. asexual individuals were photographed and measured The size of budding H. viridissima positively correlated with MultiScanBase v. 13.01 software. Because polyps with the number of buds (rs = 0.34, P = 0.001; Fig. 4 can shrink and individuals differ in length, the size of b). The proportion of mature individuals increased with each animal was not measured by column length, the increasing temperature. Sexual individuals represented metric used previously (Forrest 1959; Massaro and less than 16% of H. viridissima during the growing Rocha 2008), but by surface area (AH). H. viridissima season (Fig. 1a). surface area was calculated from the equation of the lateral cylinder
Recommended publications
  • Cátia Alexandra Ribeiro Venâncio Salinization Effects on Coastal
    Universidade de Departamento de Biologia Aveiro 2017 Cátia Alexandra Salinization effects on coastal terrestrial and Ribeiro Venâncio freshwater ecosystems Efeitos de salinização em ecossistemas costeiros terrestres e de água doce Universidade de Departamento de Biologia Aveiro 2017 Cátia Alexandra Salinization effects on coastal terrestrial and Ribeiro Venâncio freshwater ecosystems Efeitos de salinização em ecossistemas costeiros terrestres e de água doce Tese apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Biologia, realizada sob a orientação científica da Doutora Isabel Maria da Cunha Antunes Lopes (Investigadora Principal do CESAM e Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro), do Professor Doutor Rui Godinho Lobo Girão Ribeiro (Professor Associado com Agregação do Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Universidade de Coimbra) e da Doutora Ruth Maria de Oliveira Pereira (Professora Auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade do Porto). This work was supported by FEDER funds through the programme COMPETE- Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade, by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, grant SFRH/BD/81717/2011, within the CESAM's strategic programme (UID/AMB/50017/2013), and the research project SALTFREE (PTDC/AAC- CLI/111706/2009). o júri presidente Prof. Doutor João de Lemos Pinto Professor Catedrático, Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro Doutora Isabel Maria da Cunha Antunes Lopes Investigadora Principal do
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with Selected References on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa
    W&M ScholarWorks Reports 1971 Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with selected references on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa Dale R. Calder Virginia Institute of Marine Science Harold N. Cones Virginia Institute of Marine Science Edwin B. Joseph Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Calder, D. R., Cones, H. N., & Joseph, E. B. (1971) Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with selected references on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa. Special scientific eporr t (Virginia Institute of Marine Science) ; no. 59.. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. https://doi.org/10.21220/V59B3R This Report is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIBLIOGRAPHY on the SCYPHOZOA WITH SELECTED REFERENCES ON HYDROZOA and ANTHOZOA Dale R. Calder, Harold N. Cones, Edwin B. Joseph SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 59 VIRGINIA INSTITUTE. OF MARINE SCIENCE GLOUCESTER POINT, VIRGINIA 23012 AUGUST, 1971 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE SCYPHOZOA, WITH SELECTED REFERENCES ON HYDROZOA AND ANTHOZOA Dale R. Calder, Harold N. Cones, ar,d Edwin B. Joseph SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 59 VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 w. J. Hargis, Jr. April 1971 Director i INTRODUCTION Our goal in assembling this bibliography has been to bring together literature references on all aspects of scyphozoan research. Compilation was begun in 1967 as a card file of references to publications on the Scyphozoa; selected references to hydrozoan and anthozoan studies that were considered relevant to the study of scyphozoans were included.
    [Show full text]
  • Expansion of a Single Transposable Element Family Is BRIEF REPORT Associated with Genome-Size Increase and Radiation in the Genus Hydra
    Expansion of a single transposable element family is BRIEF REPORT associated with genome-size increase and radiation in the genus Hydra Wai Yee Wonga, Oleg Simakova,1, Diane M. Bridgeb, Paulyn Cartwrightc, Anthony J. Bellantuonod, Anne Kuhne, Thomas W. Holsteine, Charles N. Davidf, Robert E. Steeleg, and Daniel E. Martínezh,1 aDepartment of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; bDepartment of Biology, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA 17022; cDepartment of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045; dDepartment of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199; eCentre for Organismal Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; fFaculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; gDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617; and hDepartment of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711 Edited by W. Ford Doolittle, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, and approved October 8, 2019 (received for review July 9, 2019) Transposable elements are one of the major contributors to genome- Using transcriptome data, we searched for evidence of a ge- size differences in metazoans. Despite this, relatively little is known nome duplication event in the brown hydras. We found that 75% about the evolutionary patterns of element expansions and the (8,629 out of 11,543) of gene families had the same number of element families involved. Here we report a broad genomic sampling genes in both H. viridissima and H. vulgaris. Additionally, 84.7% within the genus Hydra, a freshwater cnidarian at the focal point of and 81.1% of the gene families contained a single gene from H.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayuko Hamada 1, 3*, Katja
    1 Title: 2 Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient Hydra-Chlorella symbiosis 3 4 Authors: 5 Mayuko Hamada 1, 3*, Katja Schröder 2*, Jay Bathia 2, Ulrich Kürn 2, Sebastian Fraune 2, Mariia 6 Khalturina 1, Konstantin Khalturin 1, Chuya Shinzato 1, 4, Nori Satoh 1, Thomas C.G. Bosch 2 7 8 Affiliations: 9 1 Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 10 (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan 11 2 Zoological Institute and Interdisciplinary Research Center Kiel Life Science, Kiel University, 12 Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany 13 3 Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, 130-17 Kashino, Ushimado, Setouchi, 14 Okayama, 701-4303 Japan 15 4 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, 16 Japan 17 18 * Authors contributed equally 19 20 Corresponding author: 21 Thomas C. G. Bosch 22 Zoological Institute, Kiel University 23 Am Botanischen Garten 1-9 24 24118 Kiel 25 TEL: +49 431 880 4172 26 [email protected] 1 27 Abstract (148 words) 28 29 Many multicellular organisms rely on symbiotic associations for support of metabolic activity, 30 protection, or energy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in controlling such interactions 31 remains a major challenge. In an unbiased approach we identified key players that control the 32 symbiosis between Hydra viridissima and its photosynthetic symbiont Chlorella sp. A99. We 33 discovered significant up-regulation of Hydra genes encoding a phosphate transporter and 34 glutamine synthetase suggesting regulated nutrition supply between host and symbionts.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydra Viridissima Pallas, 1766)
    International Journal of Biology; Vol. 5, No. 3; 2013 ISSN 1916-9671 E-ISSN 1916-968X Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Effects of Quercetin on the Green Hydra (Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766) Goran Kovačević1 & Ana Matulić2 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Elementary school Dubrava, Dubrava, Croatia Correspondence: Goran Kovačević, Division of Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia. Tel: 38-516-189-702. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 18, 2013 Accepted: May 10, 2013 Online Published: May 21, 2013 doi:10.5539/ijb.v5n3p57 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v5n3p57 Abstract Effects of quercetin on the green hydra, Hydra viridissima Pallas, and its endosymbiotic alga were studied under laboratory conditions. Quercetin is the most studied flavonoid known for its ability to act as an antioxidant, but it can also show a pro-oxidative effect. Green hydras were treated with four concentrations of quercetin (0.12 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.25 g/L and 0.3 g/L) for three days and compared to the control group of animals. Through the use of light microscopy, morphometry and macroscopic observations the results showed morphological changes in the hydra body as well as behavioral changes: depigmentation, migration, deformation, disordered locomotion, diminished reactions to mechanical stimuli and mortality. Further, different histopathological changes in the hydra body were detected. Different changes were monitored in the endosymbiotic alga: cell viability, division, shape and size of cells and chloroplasts, the level of damage and intensity of green color.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic and Selection Analysis of an Expanded Family of Putatively Pore-Forming Jellyfish Toxins (Cnidaria: Medusozoa)
    GBE Phylogenetic and Selection Analysis of an Expanded Family of Putatively Pore-Forming Jellyfish Toxins (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) Anna M. L. Klompen 1,*EhsanKayal 2,3 Allen G. Collins 2,4 andPaulynCartwright 1 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/13/6/evab081/6248095 by guest on 28 September 2021 2Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 3Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France 4National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA’s Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Accepted: 19 April 2021 Abstract Many jellyfish species are known to cause a painful sting, but box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are a well-known danger to humans due to exceptionally potent venoms. Cubozoan toxicity has been attributed to the presence and abundance of cnidarian-specific pore- forming toxins called jellyfish toxins (JFTs), which are highly hemolytic and cardiotoxic. However, JFTs have also been found in other cnidarians outside of Cubozoa, and no comprehensive analysis of their phylogenetic distribution has been conducted to date. Here, we present a thorough annotation of JFTs from 147 cnidarian transcriptomes and document 111 novel putative JFTs from over 20 species within Medusozoa. Phylogenetic analyses show that JFTs form two distinct clades, which we call JFT-1 and JFT-2. JFT-1 includes all known potent cubozoan toxins, as well as hydrozoan and scyphozoan representatives, some of which were derived from medically relevant species. JFT-2 contains primarily uncharacterized JFTs.
    [Show full text]
  • Jellyfish Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems
    Jellyfish impact on aquatic ecosystems: warning for the development of mass occurrences early detection tools Tomás Ferreira Costa Rodrigues Mestrado em Biologia e Gestão da Qualidade da Água Departamento de Biologia 2019 Orientador Prof. Dr. Agostinho Antunes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Coorientador Dr. Daniela Almeida, CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto Todas as correções determinadas pelo júri, e só essas, foram efetuadas. O Presidente do Júri, Porto, ______/______/_________ FCUP i Jellyfish impact on aquatic ecosystems: warning for the development of mass occurrences early detection tools À minha avó que me ensinou que para alcançar algo é necessário muito trabalho e sacrifício. FCUP ii Jellyfish impact on aquatic ecosystems: warning for the development of mass occurrences early detection tools Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Agostinho Antunes, for accepting me into his group and for his support and advice during this journey. My most sincere thanks to my co-supervisor, Dr. Daniela Almeida, for teaching, helping and guiding me in all the steps, for proposing me all the challenges and for making me realize that work pays off. This project was funded in part by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2019 through National Funds provided by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/MCTES and the ERDF in the framework of the program PT2020, by the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program–COMPETE 2020 and by National Funds through the FCT under the project PTDC/MAR-BIO/0440/2014 “Towards an integrated approach to enhance predictive accuracy of jellyfish impact on coastal marine ecosystems”.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding A(N) (Infection) Needle in A(N) (-Omic) Haystack
    11/4/15 Finding a(n) (Infection) Needle in a(n) (-omic) Haystack Juris A. Grasis Computational & Comparative Genomics Course Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 3 November 2015 There Are A Lot Of Viruses … • Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world – 1031 viruses in the biosphere – 1023 viral infections occurring every second – Most diverse biological entities • On average, there are 10 bacterial cells for every host cell … and 10 viruses (bacteriophage) for every bacterial cell … so roughly, 100 viruses for one host cell • The Human Virome • 1013 Human cells • 1014 Bacterial cells • 1015 Viruses • 45% of the Human genome consists of TEs Fundamentals of Molecular Virology, 2007 1 11/4/15 There Are A Lot Of Viruses … • Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world – 1031 viruses in the biosphere – 1023 viral infections occurring every second – Most diverse biological entities • On average, there are 10 bacterial cells for every host cell … and 10 viruses (bacteriophage) for every bacterial cell … so roughly, 100 viruses for one host cell • The Human Virome • 1013 Human cells • 1014 Bacterial cells • 1015 Viruses • 45% of the Human genome consists of TEs There Are A Lot Of Viruses … • Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world – 1031 viruses in the biosphere – 1023 viral infections occurring every second – Most diverse biological entities • On average, there are 10 bacterial cells for every host cell … and 10 viruses (bacteriophage) for every bacterial cell … so roughly, 100 viruses for
    [Show full text]
  • Host-Microbe Symbiosis in the Marine Sponge Halichondria Panicea
    Host-microbe symbiosis in the marine sponge Halichondria panicea Stephen Knobloch Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland 2019 Host-microbe symbiosis in the marine sponge Halichondria panicea Stephen Knobloch Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of a Philosophiae Doctor degree in Biology PhD Committee Viggó Þór Marteinsson Ragnar Jóhannsson Eva Benediktsdóttir Opponents Detmer Sipkema Ólafur Sigmar Andrésson Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik, May 2019 Host-microbe symbiosis in the marine sponge Halichondria panicea Bacterial symbiosis in H. panicea Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of a Philosophiae Doctor degree in Biology Copyright © 2019 Stephen Knobloch All rights reserved Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Askja, Sturlugata 7 101, Reykjavik Iceland Telephone: +354 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Stephen Knobloch, 2019, Host-microbe symbiosis in the marine sponge Halichondria panicea, PhD dissertation, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 204 pp. ISBN: 978-9935-9438-8-0 Author ORCID: 0000-0002-0930-8592 Printing: Háskólaprent Reykjavik, Iceland, May 2019 Abstract Sponges (phylum Porifera) are considered one of the oldest extant lineages of the animal kingdom. Their close association with microorganism makes them suitable for studying early animal-microbe symbiosis and expanding our understanding of host-microbe interactions through conserved mechanisms. Moreover, many sponges and sponge- associated microorganisms produce bioactive compounds, making them highly relevant for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. So far, however, it has not been possible to grow biotechnologically relevant sponge species or isolate their obligate microbial symbionts for these purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Occurrence of Hydra Circumcincta (Schulze, 1914) (Hydrozoa: Hydridae) in a Well in the Dorset Chalk, UK
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266182826 The occurrence of Hydra circumcinta (Schultze, 1914) (Hydrozoa: Hydridae) in a well in the Dorset Chalk, UK Article in Cave and Karst Science · August 2012 CITATIONS READS 2 320 2 authors: Lee Knight Tim Johns British Hypogean Crustacea Recording Scheme Environment Agency UK 25 PUBLICATIONS 246 CITATIONS 28 PUBLICATIONS 123 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Invasive shrimps View project Groundwater Animals View project All content following this page was uploaded by Tim Johns on 11 February 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. CAVE AND KARST SCIENCE, Vol.39, No.2, 2012 © British Cave Research Association 2012 Transactions of the British Cave Research Association ISSN 1356-191X The occurrence of Hydra circumcincta (Schulze, 1914) (Hydrozoa: Hydridae) in a well in the Dorset Chalk, UK. Lee R F D KNIGHT 1, 2 and Tim JOHNS 3 1 No.1 The Linhay, North Kenwood Farm, Oxton, Nr. Kenton, Devon, EX68EX, UK. 2 Hypogean Crustacea Recording Scheme e-mail: www.freshwaterlife.org/hcrs 3 The Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, UK. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract:This report details the first record of a Hydra species, Hydra circumcincta, from British groundwater. Ten polyps of the species were recorded from a well in the Dorset Chalk, while sampling for groundwater fauna as part of the Groundwater Animals–UK project. The Hydrozoa is a group rarely recorded from groundwater habitats with only one stygobitic species known to science.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List Lists of Species Check List 12(1): 1821, 4 January 2016 Doi: ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors
    12 1 1821 the journal of biodiversity data 4 January 2016 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 12(1): 1821, 4 January 2016 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1821 ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors Checklist of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Lago Pratignano (northern Apennines, Italy): an extremely rich ecosystem Ivano Ansaloni, Daniela Prevedelli, Matteo Ruocco* and Roberto Simonini University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy * Corresponding authors. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A checklist of the macroinvertebrates fauna 2000/60/EC (Water Framework Directive) as indicators of the Lago Pratignano is presented here. The Lago of the ecological status of waterbodies (CEC 2005). Pratignano is a small, natural water body of the high Local and national authorities protect most of the (1,307 m above sea level) Northern Apennines, Italy. mountain areas along the Apennines in Italy, but the It represents an important site for the conservation of few natural ponds are still under threat even if they endangered flora and amphibians, and its importance are within natural parks (Solimini et al. 2008). Some for the conservation of the macroinvertebrate fauna is information on the macrozoobethic community of small highlighted. The 82 taxa recorded make it an extremely water bodies is present for Europe (Boix et al. 2001; rich habitat. The most represented group was Diptera, Sahuquillo et al. 2007; Oertli et al. 2008; Céréghino et with 31 taxa, followed by Coleoptera, with nine, and al. 2012; Guareschi et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Genetic Diversity of the Putatively Introduced, Brackish Water Hydrozoan, Blackfordia Virginica (Leptothecata: Blackfordiida
    Low genetic diversity of the putatively introduced, brackish water hydrozoan, Blackfordia virginica (Leptothecata: Blackfordiidae), throughout the United States, with a new record for Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana Author(s): Genelle F. Harrison , Kiho Kim , and Allen G. Collins Source: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 126(2):91-102. 2013. Published By: Biological Society of Washington DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-126.2.91 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2988/0006-324X-126.2.91 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 126(2):91–102. 2013. Low genetic diversity of the putatively introduced, brackish water hydrozoan, Blackfordia virginica (Leptothecata: Blackfordiidae), throughout the United States, with a new record for Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana Genelle F. Harrison*, Kiho Kim, and Allen G.
    [Show full text]