Mystery of the Shemitah
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A 3585-Year Ring-Width Dating Chronology of Qilian Juniper from the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
IAWA Journal, Vol. 30 (4), 2009: 379–394 A 3585-YEAR RING-WIDTH DATING CHRONOLOGY OF QILIAN JUNIPER FROM THE NORTHEASTERN QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU Xuemei Shao1 *, Shuzhi Wang2, Haifeng Zhu1, Yan Xu1, Eryuan Liang3, Zhi-Yong Yin4, Xinguo Xu5 and Yongming Xiao5 SUMMARY This article documents the development of a precisely dated and well- replicated long regional tree-ring width dating chronology for Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) from the northeastern Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau. It involves specimens from 22 archeological sites, 24 living tree sites, and 5 standing snags sites in the eastern and northeastern Qaidam Basin, northwestern China. The specimens were cross-dated suc- cessfully among different groups of samples and among different sites. Based on a total of 1438 series from 713 trees, the chronology covers 3585 years and is the longest chronology by far in China. Comparisons with chronologies of the same tree species about 200 km apart suggest that this chronology can serve for dating purposes in a region larger than the study area. This study demonstrates the great potential of Qilian juniper for dendrochronological research. Key words: Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Qilian juniper; den- drochronology; cross-dating; 3585-year chronology; archeological wood. INTRODUCTION One of the aims of dendrochronology is to construct long-term chronologies covering hundreds to thousands of years. These chronologies have major applications to climatic interpretations, radiocarbon analysis, and dating of past events (Lara & Villalba 1993; Scuderi 1993; Hughes & Graumlich 1996; Stahle et al. 1998, 2007; Grudd et al. 2002; Helama et al. 2002; Naurzbaev et al. 2002; Friedrich et al. 2004; Bhattacharyya & Shah 2009; Fang et al. -
Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage
Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. -
Classified Ads
CLASSIFIED ADS Ratesi Minimum Insertion $4.00 for 20 words; LEADING GOLF SLACKS MANUFACTURER WITH NA- additional words 20c each. Bold face type, 25c TIONAL DISTRIBUTION FEATURING GOLF SLACKS, per word. Classified cols, reserved for help or DRESS SLACKS, BERMUDA SHORTS FOR MEN AND services wanted and for sale of used equipment. LADIES, SEEKS SALESMEN CALLING ON GOLF SHOPS WITH ESTABLISHED FOLLOWING FOR TEXAS, LOUISI- NO CLASSIFIED ADS ACCEPTED AFTER THE ANA. ALABAMA. MISSISSIPPI, NEW MEXICO, ARKAN- 2STH OF MONTH PRECEDING DATE OF ISSUE. SAS. WE CARRY LARGE STOCK FOR IMMEDIATE DE- LIVERY ALL YEAR AROUND. ADDRESS AD 410 o/o GOLFDOM. Under no circumstances are wo permitted to divulge the name and address of those placing the blind advertisements. Responses to all box number ads MISCELLANEOUS should be addressed to the box number and mailed to GOLFDOM; replies are promptly forwarded to WANT ED FOR CASH advertisers. Old golf balls retrieved from ponds or out of bounds on or around golf courses. Cutt and Bumps .38 per dos. JOBS WANTED Off brands St synthetic, or slightly nicked $1.44 per dos. Kound & perfect $1.00 brands Managers—fully experienced in all phases of country club for rtfinishing $2.40 per do*. management both bar and dining room. Man excellent cook. Note — Golf range culls, picked over lota and cut Wife takes full responsibility of employees, arranging parties, deep into rubber types not acceptable at above etc. Prefer vicinity of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Address Ad 402 figures. c/o Golfdom. Send for shipping tags and instructions. DRIVING RANGE MEN — REBUILDING SUMMER PRO WISHES POSITION IN NORTHEAST Your old cores recovered with the new type paint- SECTION, JUNE FIRST TO LABOR DAY. -
Saint John Chrysostom, Letters to Saint Olympia. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press: New York, 2016. Translated, with an Introduc
The Canadian Journal of Orthodox Christianity Volume XII, Number 2, Summer 2017 Saint John Chrysostom, Letters to Saint Olympia. St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press: New York, 2016. Translated, with an Introduction by David C. Ford. By Ron Dart There has been a dearth of sorts in the English speaking world of a solid book that covers, in thoughtful depth and detail, the letters that Archbishop of Constantinople John Chrysostom sent to one of his dearest friends and disciples, Olympia, in his painful exile (AD 404-407). Written at the end of Chrysostom’s life, in his final exile, the letters communicate the unshaken faith of the saint who endured much persecution in his life. Chrysostom, as most who are acutely aware of the politics of his time, came to the golden city of Constantinople in AD 398 from another home of an ancient patriarchate, Antioch, to become the Archbishop. Constantinople was rife with political intrigue and Chrysostom, the golden-mouthed preacher, brooked little folly or foolishness from clerics, laity, leading political leaders and the high mucky mucks of the day. This, of course, led him to many a clash and tension with those in the church and state who opposed his vision of the church and a just society where tales of two cities dominated. 60 The Canadian Journal of Orthodox Christianity Volume XII, Number 2, Summer 2017 Olympia had established herself (coming from a wealthy and aristocratic family) as the leading spiritual director and Amma of sorts of Constantinople when Chrysostom arrived in AD 398. Olympia had freed her servants, given much of her property and possessions to the poor and needy and established a convent in Constantinople (that became a home and haven for many women). -
Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China
Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China ANNE BIRRELL Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824880347 (PDF) 9780824880354 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1988, 1993 Anne Birrell All rights reserved To Hans H. Frankel, pioneer of yüeh-fu studies Acknowledgements I wish to thank The British Academy for their generous Fel- lowship which assisted my research on this book. I would also like to take this opportunity of thanking the University of Michigan for enabling me to commence my degree programme some years ago by awarding me a National Defense Foreign Language Fellowship. I am indebted to my former publisher, Mr. Rayner S. Unwin, now retired, for his helpful advice in pro- ducing the first edition. For this revised edition, I wish to thank sincerely my col- leagues whose useful corrections and comments have been in- corporated into my text. -
The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages
Wxhmmmi^ W^^^^&smMo^^vm^, >-«%9\9 *^ »*• THE LIVES OF THE POPES VOL. V. Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2009 witii funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/livesofpopesinea05mann Area of regal or imperial influence, and sometimes of rule, i.e., the area north of the Po, and west of the dotted line from the Po, which runs between Mutina and Bononia, Arctium, Perugia and on to Populonia. The part coloured yellow on the Map. Area of papal influence or rule, i.e., the area included between the above dotted line, and another starting between Ancona and Firmum and going round Camerinum nnd Assisium to Sora and Terracina. The part coloured blue on the Map. Area of influence or rule of the Lombard and other petty princes, i.e., the area between the last mentioned dotted line and another between the rivers Trinius and Lao. The part coloured red on the Map Area of Greek influence or rule, i.e., the area south of the line from the Trinius to the Lao. The part coloured green on the Map. Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, were in the hands of the Saracens during most of this period THE LIVES OF THE POPES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES REV. HORACE K. MANN " De gente Anglorum, qui maxime familiares Apostolicse Sedis semper existunt" {Gesta AM. Fontanel. A.D. 747-752, ap. M.G. SS. II. 289). HEAD MASTER OF ST. CUTHBERT's GRAMMAR SCHOOL, NE\VCASTLE-ON-TYNE CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF HISTORY OF SPAIN THE POPES IN THE DAYS OF FEUDAL ANARCHY FoRMosus TO Damasus II. -
Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: a Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 Nicholas Ambraseys Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87292-8 - Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 Nicholas Ambraseys Index More information Index Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations Abant, AD 1967 July 22 earthquake 15, 31, 33 Absari, AD 1742 February 21 earthquake 558–559 Abydus, AD 484 earthquake 176–177 Achaea, AD 61 earthquake 117 Ac¸igol,¨ AD 1893 March 14 earthquake 768 Acre AD 502 earthquake and aurora borealis 179 AD 1033 December 5 sea wave 261, 262, 263 AD 1063 August earthquake 269–270 AD 1202 May 20 earthquake 327–337 AD 1261 sinking islets 345 AD 1303 August 8 earthquake 357, 361 AD 1631 December 6 volcanic ash 480 AD 1759 October 30 earthquake 583 AD 1762 earthquake 588 see also Ptolemais AD 555 July, earthquake 208 AD >669 earthquake 222 AD 679 earthquake 223–224 AD 871 June 15 earthquake or meteorite fall 246 AD 1036 earthquake 265 AD 1455 November 25 volcanic eruption 394–395, 397 AD 1459 earthquake 397 AD 1580 spurious earthquake 464–465 AD 1779 April 16 earthquake 608 AD 1828 January 6 earthquake 639 Ad Maiores, AD 267 earthquake 139 Adad al Arab, AD 1157 August 12 earthquake 305, 307 Adalia, AD 1863 September 26 earthquake 708 Adana AD 1837 January 1 earthquake 647 AD 1889 September 10 earthquake 758 AD 1893 June earthquake 769 Adapazari AD 1883 July 6 earthquake 748 AD 1893 November 1 earthquake 770 AD 1894 July 10 earthquake 9, 774–779 901 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87292-8 - Earthquakes -
"Pentarchy" (From the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchia from ̟Έντε
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentarchy "Pentarchy " (from the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchia from ̟έντε pente , "five", and ἄρχειν archein , "to rule") is a model historically championed in Eastern Christianity as a model of church relations and administration. In the model, the Christian church is governed by the heads (Patriarchs) of the five major episcopal sees of the Roman Empire: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.[2] The idea came about because of the political and ecclesiastical prominence of these five sees, but the concept of their universal and exclusive authority was firmly tied to the administrative structure of the Roman Empire. The pentarchy was first tangibly expressed in the laws of Emperor Justinian I (527–565), particularly in Novella 131. The Quinisext Council of 692 gave it formal recognition and ranked the sees in order of preeminence. Especially following Quinisext, the pentarchy was at least philosophically accepted in Eastern Christianity, but generally not in the West, which rejected the Council, and the concept of the pentarchy. [3] The greater authority of these sees in relation to others was tied to their political and ecclesiastical prominence; all were located in important cities and regions of the Roman Empire and were important centers of the Christian Church. Rome, Alexandria and Antioch were prominent from the time of early Christianity, while Constantinople came to the fore upon becoming the imperial residence in the 4th century. Thereafter it was consistently ranked just after Rome. Jerusalem received a ceremonial place due to the city's importance in the early days of Christianity. Justinian and the Quinisext Council excluded from their pentarchical arrangement churches outside the Empire, such as the then-flourishing Church of the East in Sassanid Persia, which they saw as heretical. -
Edgecliff Student Newspaper
Xavier University Exhibit Journals, Publications, Conferences, and Edgecliff oC llege Newspaper Proceedings 1962-05-09 Edgecliff tudeS nt Newspaper Edgecliff olC lege - Cincinnati Follow this and additional works at: http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/edgecliff_newspaper Recommended Citation Edgecliff oC llege - Cincinnati, "Edgecliff tudeS nt Newspaper" (1962). Edgecliff College Newspaper. Book 163. http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/edgecliff_newspaper/163 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals, Publications, Conferences, and Proceedings at Exhibit. It has been accepted for inclusion in Edgecliff oC llege Newspaper by an authorized administrator of Exhibit. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Senior Joins Peace Corps, The Edgecliff Freshman Serves Missions Vol. XXVII Our Lady of Cincinnati College, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 9, 1962 No. 8 Two students from Our Lady of Cinc innati Coll ege have vo lunteered as " lay missionaries." Maureen B onfield, senior, has bee n invited to begin training n ext month with the P eace Co rps. Sy lvia P oe, freshman, will do catechical wo rk in Arizona thi ummer. Afte r Maureen completes he r prog ram at an Ame rican coll ege. of Sie rra L eone, but Me nde is the the P eace Co rps Board of Selectors most c om mo n language," said in the United States and a repre Maureen. "The country's 147 sentative from ie rra Leone, W e t chie fdoms are organized into L3 Africa, will decide whethe r or not tribes - a total of 2'/2 million Maureen meets the qualificati ons souls. -
Yule and Christmas, Their Place in the Germanic Year
•YULE AND CHRISTMAS THEIR PLACE IN THE GERMANIC YEAR BY ALEXANDER XILLE, Ph.D. LECTURER IN GERMAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW DAVID NUTT, 270-271 STRAND, LONDON 1899 ^^HBHAL I 7S77f Only two hundred copies of this book are for sale GLASGOW ! PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO, THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO MY DEAR FRIEND, GEORGE NEILSON, AUTHOR OF "trial BY COMBAT," " PEEL ; ITS MEANING AND DERIVATION," " CAUDATUS ANGLICUS," ETC., ETC TO WHOSE PERSONAL ASSISTANCE, LEARNING, AND LIBRARY IT OWES MORE THAN TO ANY SOURCE REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT OR NOTES. 175779 PREFACE This book treats of the problems connected with the Germanic year— the three-score-day tide of Yule, the Germanic adoption of the Roman calendar, and the introduction of the festival of Christ's Nativity into a part of the German year, which till then had apparently been without a festivity. It traces the revolution brought about by these events, in custom, belief, and legend up to the fourteenth century. By that time, the Author believes, most of the fundamental features which go towards the making of modern Christmas had already come to have their centre in the 25th day of December. Five chapters of the present book—but somewhat shortened—appear simultaneously in the Proceedings of the Glasgow Archmological Society. ALEXANDER TILLE. 2 Strathmore Gardens, Hillhead, Glasgow, March, 1899. CONTENTS CHAP. I. The Germanic Year, I II. The Beginning of the Anglo-German Year, , III. The Feast of Martinmas, 24 IV. Martinmas, and the Tri-Partition of the Year, 34 V. -
Indian Calendar
^ k THE INDIAN CALENDAR THE INDIAN CALENDAR WITH TABLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF HINDU AND MUHAMMADAN INTO A.D. DATES, AND VICE VERSA ROBERT SEWELL Late of Her Majesty's Indian Civil Service, SANKARA BALKRISHNA DIKSHIT Traitiing College, Poona. WITH TABLES OF ECLIPSES VISIBLE IN INDIA BY Dr. ROBERT SCHRAM Of Vienna. LONDON SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co., Ltd. Paternoster Square ^ENTlt.'X Printed al the Motley J^ess, Amsterdam. ; PREFACE. This Volume is designed for the use, not only of those engaged in the decypherment of Indian inscriptions and the compilation of Indian history, but also of Judicial Courts and Government Ofifices in India. Documents bearing dates prior to those given in any existing almanack are often produced before Courts of Justice as evidence of title ; and since forgeries, many of them of great antiquity, abound, it is necessary to have at hand means for testing and verifying the authenticity of these exhibits. Within the last ten years much light has been thrown on the subject of the Indian methods of time-reckoning by the pubHcations of Professor Jacobi, Dr. Schram, Professor Kielhorn, Dr. Fleet, Pandit Sahkara Balkrishna Dikshit, and others but these, having appeared only in scientific periodicals, are not readily accessible to officials in India. The Government of Madras, therefore, desiring to have a summary of the subject with Tables for ready reference, requested me to undertake the work. In process of time the scheme was widened, and in its present shape it embraces the whole of British India, receiving in that capacity the recognition of the Secretary of State for India. -
Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 2000-05
I ' ^Tfpmiiiary ProBram . • Aripual Meeting Exbinilort Ihe 20-miniite Usieria lest from OxohL Beomse time is money. The Oxoid Listeria Rapid Test is a fast and reliable method for the detection of Listeria species in food samples. 1. After just two 21-hour enrichment steps, 3. Another blue line appears here as a place 135ul of the sample into this , . control, confirming that the test has Clearview'” Test Unit window. % / worked correctly. % 4. If no blue line appears, the sample is /1^, / negative. f 5. There is no need to wait up to 5 / more days as with some other / tests. You’re ready to ship product / and fill orders right now. ' 6. Are you ready to call for details? Contact: Oxoid Inc. 800 Proctor Ave., Ogdensburg, NY 13669. Phone: (800) 567-TEST. Fax: (613) 226-3728. Or Oxoid Inc 217 Colonnade Road, Nepean, Ontario, K2E 7K3 Canada. Phone: (800) 267-6391. Fax: (613) 226-3728. 2. Only 20 minutes later, a blue / line in this / window dearly indicates the presence of Listeria species. QD \.\S CLEARVIEW Listeria LISTERIA RAPID TEST Clearview is a registered trademark. Reader Service No. 126 CAPITOL VIAL, INC. T,AMPER EVIDENT, LEAKPROOF, AIR TieHT, HINGED CAP, STERILE SAMPLE VIALS E-MAIL: SAI F-SaCAPITOl.VIAI COM www.caDitolvial.com MAY 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 317 ABOUT THE COVER... DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL Photo portrays the beautiful Swan House which hh was built around 1920 and was owned by one Use of this photo does nol imply endorsement of any product by the International Association for Food International Association tor O Food Protection Articles_ Reducing Transmission of Infectious Agents in the Home — Part I: Sources of Infection.330 Michael P.