The Unfinished Sentences Testimony Archive
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(Br ""·"' (B)(3) Natsecact
C06629555 TOP,.st:CRer 7 \(b)(1) f.D-1&.....<-\~:>L_....,ecAct SOIC BRIEFING PAPER 12-16 OCTOBER 1984C MIDB D COMET 841105 1 12 UPID _.. J~~L - -- 1._ _ _, (b)(1) ~ET FRP: (b)(1·) (b)(3) NatSecAct ( (b)(1) (br ""·"' (b )(3) NatSecAct ------------- -- ---- ----- ----------------------------- ---------- --- ---------- / (b)(1) (b)(3) NatSecAct SUBJECT: SOIC BRIEFING PAPER 12-16 OCTOBER 1984 1. INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT IS THE UNCOORDINATED WORK OF ONE ANALYST WI THIN THE SOIC AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS AN OFFICIAL POSITION. THIS PRODUCT IS TO BE USED UITHIN '----~ -QNLY:· ·· (b)(1) 2 _ s~~(3) NatSecAct GUERRILLA ACTIVITY INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN USULUTAN AND SAN VICENTE DEPARTMENTS . GUERRILLA ACTIVITY REMAINED AT ITS USUAL LEVELS IN SAN SALVADOR DEPARTMENT AND CUSCATLAN. GUERRILLA ACTIVITY UAS BELOW NORMAL FOR MORAZAN AND CHALATENANGO. DECREASED ACTIVITY IN CHALATENANGO WAS PROBABLY DUE TO THE LA PALMA CONFERENCE. THE NEW GUERRILLA ACTIVITY APPEARED TO BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ERP BRAZ UNITS BASED IN THE TIERRA BLANA AND CERRO EL TIGRE AREAS OF USULUTAN DEP~~-~~:... 1. .................... - ··j'-···(b )( ) ··"THE ' WlQUE TYPES OF TRANSMISSION 1 ._A_C--::T=I=v=IT=y=--=u-=su=ALc=-::-LY::-::-:A:-::Sc::S-:-OC:::I:-:-A-::T-::--'ED WITH A COMMENCEMENT OF HEAVY (b )(3) NatSecACt OFFENSIVE ACTIONS WERE NOTED IN THE LAST REPORTING PERIOD. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GUERRILLA TARGETS REMAIN ESSENTIALLY THE SAME WITH THE ADDITION OF SAN BATOLOME PERULAPIA, SAN PEDRO PERULAPAN NORTHEAST OF SAN MARTIN, AND THE MILITARY POSITION WEST OF EL PORVENIR IN SANTA ANA DEPARTMENT . THE ATTACK, ORIGINALLY SCHEDULED FOR 15 SEPTEMBER AGAINST SAN MARTIN, HAS PROBABLY BEE' MOVED FORWARD TO 15 NOVEMBER . -
State Violence and Revolution: Lessons from El Salvador Umass Amherst Thursday, September 13, 2018
State Violence and Revolution: Lessons from El Salvador UMass Amherst Thursday, September 13, 2018 Featuring: Carlos Henríquez Consalvi (“Santiago”), voice of the FMLN guerrilla radio, Radio Venceremos, during the Salvadoran Civil War (1981-1992), and current director of the Museum of the Word and the Image in San Salvador Rosa Rivera Rivera, former organizer for the Union of Farm Workers (UTC) in the 1970s, and co-founder of the Living Memory Committee in Arcatao, El Salvador Diana Sierra Becerra, organizer with the Pioneer Valley Workers Center and postdoctoral fellow with the National Domestic Workers Alliance [Transcript]: KEVIN YOUNG: Good evening. My name is Kevin Young and I’m an Assistant Professor of History at UMass Amherst. This is the second event of the History department’s 2018 Feinberg Family Distinguished Lecture Series, which is organized around the theme Another World Is Possible: Revolutionary Visions, Past and Present. The series is possible through the generosity of an alumnus of the History department, Kenneth R. Feinberg, and through the support of more than three dozen community and university partners. Before introducing our first speaker, I’d like to give a few basic facts about the Salvadoran Civil War. The war began officially in 1981 and ended with the 1992 Peace Accords. Around 75,000 people died, the vast majority of whom were killed by the Salvadoran government and a network of right-wing death squads, funded and trained by the U.S. government. According to the 1993 UN Truth Commission report, the regime and the right-wing paramilitaries committed 85% of the violence, against 5% committed by the leftist guerrillas. -
The Case of El Salvador K. Cheasty Miller Intr
In the Name of the People? A Closer Look at Politicized Documentary Filmmaking: The Case of El Salvador K. Cheasty Miller Introduction As the camera begins filming on Tape #17 it captures a hot, sunny day in the mountains of El Salvador. Four scruffy Americans trek happily through the forest, laughing and calling back and forth. Clearly animated, their enthusiasm leaps off the screen: they have just returned from the capital city, San Salvador, where they have finished filming guerrilla forces in action, fighting a classic type of urban warfare. Out of a total nineteen reels of archived, unedited footage shot, this is the first time the viewer has ever seen these men, who until now have only been disembodied voices off-screen, posing questions, muttering comments, and discussing various filming logistics. For six weeks they have lived in the mountains with a guerrilla band from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, or FMLN. They have traveled halfway across the country and risked death in the street battles they just filmed to capture the story of a revolutionary movement in a small Central American country unknown to most Americans. This moment is a catharsis, the culmination of their work and the end of their journey. Unguarded and exuberant, they exult in their triumph. “Hey, man, whaddaya think—have we got a movie?” calls a voice off-screen to one of the men on camera. “No,” comes the reply: “we’ve got a FILM!!”1 The difference between a “movie” and a “film” is significant. The former implies wide commercial appeal, high entertainment value, low intellectual content, and perhaps a “Hollywood” formula. -
El Salvador: Update on Fighting & Rebel Sabotage, November 6 - 21 Deborah Tyroler
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 11-22-1991 El Salvador: Update On Fighting & Rebel Sabotage, November 6 - 21 Deborah Tyroler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation Tyroler, Deborah. "El Salvador: Update On Fighting & Rebel Sabotage, November 6 - 21." (1991). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ noticen/6737 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 063960 ISSN: 1089-1560 El Salvador: Update On Fighting & Rebel Sabotage, November 6 - 21 by Deborah Tyroler Category/Department: General Published: Friday, November 22, 1991 Nov. 6: The armed forces press office (COPREFA) reported two Farabundo Marti Liberation Front (FMLN) rebels killed, and nine rebels and two soldiers wounded at Rosario, Cuscatlan department. Next, one national police officer was killed and four wounded at Apopa, San Salvador department. Five rebels were wounded at Tejuteque, Cabanas department. In addition, one rebel and one soldier were killed, and three soldiers wounded at Santiago de Maria, Usulutan department. Rebels attacked a power substation in Nuevo Cuscatlan, La Libertad department, causing severe material damage and wounding two soldiers. One soldier was wounded at Villa Victoria, Cabanas. In addition, one civilian was injured at Osicala, Morazan. Radio Farabundo Marti reported 20 troop casualties at Santiago de Maria, Usulutan department. Nov. 7: According to COPREFA, one soldier was killed and six wounded during clashes in Cuscatlan, San Vicente, and La Union departments. -
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs April 5, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21655 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary Congress has maintained a strong interest in developments in El Salvador, a small Central American country with a population of 6 million. During the 1980s, El Salvador was the largest recipient of U.S. aid in Latin America as its government struggled against the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) insurgency during a 12-year civil war. A peace accord negotiated in 1992 brought the war to an end and formally assimilated the FMLN into the political process as a political party. After the peace accords were signed, U.S. involvement shifted toward helping successive Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) governments rebuild democracy and implement market-friendly economic reforms. Funes Administration Twenty-one years after the signing of the peace accords, El Salvador is governed by an FMLN Administration. In March 2009, Mauricio Funes, a former television journalist and the first FMLN presidential candidate without a guerilla past, defeated Rodrigo Ávila of the conservative ARENA party for a five-year presidential term. President Funes has generally pursued moderate policies that have enabled him to form cross-party coalitions in the National Assembly, but caused periodic friction with more radical members of his party. Now in his fourth year in office, President Funes still has high approval ratings, but faces a number of serious challenges. -
US Interference in El Salvador, The
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 2019 Unintended consequences: U.S. interference in El Salvador, the Salvadoran Diaspora, and the role of activist community organizations in establishing a Salvadoran-American community in Los Angeles Blake Bergstrom James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, International Relations Commons, Latin American History Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Bergstrom, Blake, "Unintended consequences: U.S. interference in El Salvador, the Salvadoran Diaspora, and the role of activist community organizations in establishing a Salvadoran-American community in Los Angeles" (2019). Masters Theses. 606. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/606 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Unintended Consequences: U.S. Interference in El Salvador, the Salvadoran Diaspora, and the Role of Activist Community Organizations in Establishing a Transnational Salvadoran-American Community in Los Angeles Blake Bergstrom A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History May 2019 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Kristen McCleary Committee Members: Michael Gubser William Van Norman Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my wonderful parents, Gunnar and Liz, who have given me endless encouragement, support, and love throughout all of my pursuits. -
El Salvador 4K Wikipedia
El salvador 4k wikipedia Continue Country in Central America This article is about a country in Central America. For other purposes, see El Salvador (disambiguation). Coordinates: 13'41'N 89'11'W / 13.683'N 89.183'W / 13.683; -89.183 Republic SalvadorRepublic de Salvador (Spanish) Flag Herb Motto: Dios, Union, Libertad (Spanish)English: God, Union, LibertyGymn: Himno Nacional de Salvador (English: National Anthem of El Salvador) Capital And largest citySan Salvador13'41'56N 89'11'29W / 13.69889-N 89.19139'W / 13.69889; -89.19139Official languagesSpanishEthnic groups 86.3% Mestizo (mixed White and Indigenous)12.7% White1.23% Indigenous0.13% Black0.64% Other[1]Religion (2017)[2]84.1% Christianity—44.9% Roman Catholic—37.1% Protestant—2.1% Other Christian15.2% No religion0.7% Other religionsDemonym(s)Salvadorian, Salvadorean, SalvadoranGovernmentUnitary presidential constitutional republic• President Nayib Bukele• Vice President Félix Ulloa LegislatureLegislative AssemblyIndependence• Declared from Spain 15 September 1821• Declared from theFederal Republicof Central America 12 June 1824• International recognition[3] 18 February 1841 Area • Total21,041 km2 (8,124 sq mi) (148th)• Water (%)1.5Population• 2018 estimate6,420,746[4][5] (109th)• Density303.1/km2 (785.0/sq mi) (47th)GDP (PPP)2018 estimate• Total$53.667 billion[6] (101st)• Per capita$8,388[6] (111th)GDP (nominal)2018 estimate• Total$25.855 billion[6] (102nd)• Per capita$4,041[6] (111th)Gini (2016) 40.6[7]mediumHDI (2018) 0.667[8]medium · 121thCurrencyUnited States dollara (USD)Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)Driving siderightCalling code+503bISO 3166 codeSVInternet TLD.sv The United States dollar is the currency in use. -
The Indigenous Population of El Salvador on the Eve of the Spanish Conquest *
The indigenous population of El Salvador on the eve of the spanish conquest * WILLIAM R. FOWLER, JR. (University of California, Irvine) As in all America, the first European contact with the indige- nous populations of El Salvador resulted in a demographic ca- tastrophe of staggering proportions. At the time of the Conquest (1524), the territory of El Salvador was occupied by diverse ethnic groups, principally the Pipil, the Chorti Maya, and the Lenca. The Pokoman Maya held sña11 pockets of territory in the west, while small enclaves of Mangue, Ulua, and Cacaopera speakers inhabited zones in the east and northeast. The total population of these groups numbered in the hundreds of thousands. This is the first in a series of essays that will explore the de- mographic history of El Salvador from the 16th century through the colonial period to the present. While a considerable amount of recent historical demographic research has focused on Cen- tral America, the demographic history of El Salvador is little known. In order to study the dynamic changes, development, and alte- ration in composition of the population of El Salvador, a base- line estimate of the aboriginal population at the time of Spanish contact is needed. In arriving at this estimate, previous estimates by Barón Castro (1942) and Daugherty (1969) are reassesed. Three separate methods of calculation are used: 1. a calculation based * Acknowledgments. My research in the Archivo General de Indias has been generously supported by a postdoctoral grant from the U.S.-Spanish Joint Committee for Cultural and Educational Cooperation. I am indebted to G. -
The History of El Salvador Advisory Board
THE HISTORY OF EL SALVADOR ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF EL SALVADOR Christopher M. White The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data White, Christopher M., 1974– The history of El Salvador / Christopher M. White. p. cm. — (The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096–2905) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–34928–7 (alk. paper) 1. El Salvador—History. I. Title. II. Series. F1486.W46 2009 972.84—dc22 2008030539 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2009 by Christopher M. White All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2008030539 ISBN: 978 – 0 –313 –34928 –7 ISSN: 1096 –2905 First published in 2009 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 -
Mission Volunteer Handbook 0614
Our Sister Parish El Salvador Delegation Handbook La Casa Pastoral, Berlín, Usulután, El Salvador INTRODUCTION Thank you for following your call to serve on this international mission to El Salvador! In order to prepare you for the upcoming mission trip, previous church delegates and volunteers have put together this handbook to aid you. The information was compiled from several books, websites, and personal experiences. Inside this handbook you will find: I. Goals for Church Delegations’ Visits ..................................................................... 4 II. Information about El Salvador............................................................................... 5 III. Historical Overview................................................................................................ 7 IV. Civil War 1980-1992 ............................................................................................ 10 V. The Food and Drink............................................................................................. 16 VI. Arts, Crafts, Music................................................................................................ 18 VII. The Folklore ......................................................................................................... 20 VIII. Maps: Berlin & Beyond ........................................................................................ 26 IX. Caliche & English ................................................................................................. 31 X. Our Sister Parish -
Serrano-Cruz Sisters V. El Salvador
Inter-American Court of Human Rights Case of the Serrano-Cruz Sisters v. El Salvador Judgment of March 1, 2005 (Merits, Reparations and Costs) In the Case of the Serrano Cruz Sisters , the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Court” or “the Court”), composed of the following judges ∗: Sergio García Ramírez, President Alirio Abreu Burelli, Vice President Oliver Jackman, Judge Antônio A. Cançado Trindade, Judge Cecilia Medina Quiroga, Judge Manuel E. Ventura Robles, Judge, and Alejandro Montiel Argüello, Judge ad hoc ; also present, Pablo Saavedra Alessandri, Secretary, and Emilia Segares Rodríguez, Deputy Secretary; pursuant to Article 63(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Convention” or “the American Convention”) and Articles 29, 31, 56 and 58 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court (hereinafter “the Rules of Procedure”), 1 delivers this judgment. I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE 1. On June 14, 2003, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 50 and 61 of the American Convention, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Commission” or “the Inter-American Commission”) filed an application against the State of El Salvador (hereinafter “the State” or “El Salvador”) before the Court, originating from petition No. 12,132, received by the Secretariat of ∗ Judge Diego García-Sayán excused himself from hearing this case in accordance with Articles 19(2) of the Court’s Statute and 19 of its Rules of Procedure. 1 This judgment is delivered under the Rules of Procedure adopted by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights at its forty-ninth regular session in an order of November 24, 2000, which entered into force on June 1, 2001, and under the partial reform adopted by the Court at its sixty-first regular session by an order of November 25, 2003, in force since January 1, 2004. -
An Overview of El Salvador
An Overview of El Salvador History The Olmecs came to the region in 2000 B.C., followed by the Maya in 1500 B.C. When the Maya civilization ended in 900 A.D., the Toltec Empire took hold in El Salvador. In the 11th century, the Pipil people became the dominant group in El Salvador until the Spanish conquerors landed. The Pipil Indians, descendants of the Aztecs, likely migrated to the region in the 11th century. In 1528, Pedro de Alvarado, a Spanish lieutenant of Cortés, took over El Salvador and forced the native people to become servants. The forced intermixing and intermarriage by Spanish men with the Native American Indigenous Lenca and Pipil women happened almost immediately after the arrival of the European Spanish. The majority of Salvadorans in El Salvador identify themselves as 87% mestizo, leaving 12% white and ~1% indigenous Salvadoran population as a minority. El Salvador, with the other countries of Central America, declared its independence from Spain on Sept. 15, 1821, and was part of a federation of Central American states until that union dissolved in 1838. For decades after its full independence in 1841, El Salvador experienced numerous revolutions and wars against other Central American republics. From 1931 to 1979 El Salvador was ruled by a series of military dictatorships. GCYL An Overview of El Salvador 1 Salvadorans who are racially European, especially Mediterranean, as well as tri-racial Pardo Salvadorans and indigenous people in El Salvador who do not speak indigenous languages nor have an indigenous culture, also identify themselves as Mestizo culturally.