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Information to Users Probing the plant endomembrane-secretory pathway using heterologous membrane protein markers. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Gong, Fangcheng. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 05:30:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187119 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal SectiOllS with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI48106·1346 USA 313/761-4700 800:521·0600 PROBING THE PLANT ENDOMEMBRANE-SECRETORY PATHWAY USING HETEROLOGOUS MEMBRANE PROTEIN MARKERS by Fangcheng Gong A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN AGRONOMY AND PLANT GENETICS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA I 995 UMI Number: 9531138 OMI Microform 9531138 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by_---"-F.:::a.!..:n.Qg~c.!..:h~e:..:.nc.g_G"'"o"'"n""gOl._ __________ entitled Probing the Plant Endomembrane-secretory Pathway Using Heterologous Membrane Protein Markers and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of _~D~o~c~t~o~r~o~f_P~h~i~l~o~s~o~p~h~y~ _________ Dr. David W. Galbraith Date lh~/I. f'~.' 1/61'1S- Dr. Brian A. Larkins Date / ! .. _./ /"1 /;'} .. ~ _<- \... .ft 1 z· - -Dr. Date / (!If} Dr. Dean Della Penna D te Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. I/~ /v1) Dissertation Director Date I 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced dt!gree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: I' 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express sincere thanks to my major advisor, Dr. David W. Galbraith, for his guidance, support, and assistance during the course of my graduate training and during the preparation of this dissertation. Dr. Galbraith not only served as a mentor for my dissertation project, but also provided me the valuable opportunity to practise science independently. I would also like to extend gratitude to my committee members, Drs. Brian A. Larkins, Hans 1. Bohnert, Carolyn A. Zeiher and Dean DellaPenna, for their valuable time, professional advice, and constructive criticism throughout this project. Although Dr. Bohnert did not administrate my final examination due to a conflict of schedule, he has contributed as much as other members to my graduate training and dissertation. I wish to give my thanks to Drs. L. Andrew Staehelin, and Thomas H. Giddings, and Ms. Janet B. Meehl in Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder for their excellent immuno-electron microscopic data. I am very grateful to Dr. Carolyn E. Machamer (School of Medicine, John Hopkins University) for her generosity in providing plasmids and antibodies, and to Dr. Jean M. Wilson (Department of Anatomy, The University of Arizona) for her suggestions and discussions on immuno-electron microscopic work. I am also indebted to former and current members (Georgina M. Lambert, Ying-Lung Li and Daniel A. Coury, and Drs. Leslie E. Basel and Robert 1. Grebenok) of the Galbraith Laboratory for their help, support, encouragement, discussion, and suggestions at various stages of this project. Last but not at all least, I wish to express my deep appreciation to my wife, Jingzhe Li, and my daughter, ZhanZhan, for their support and help. Above all, their patience and understanding, which comes from love, empowered them to endure my reduced family time, especially house chores, when I devoted my evening hours and weekends to this project. This could be summarized by my wife's philosophical remark "half of your dissertation belongs to me". 5 DEDICATION To my wifc Jingzhc Li and To my daughtcr ZhanZhan 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ....................................................................................... 11 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ 14 ABSTRACT. ............. ........................................................................... ......... ................. 15 STATEMENT OF PENDING PATENT .................................................................... 17 1. STRUCTURES AND SORTING MECHANISMS IN THE CONSTITUTIVE SECRETION OF PROTEINS ................................................................................. 18 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 18 ROUTES OF PROTEIN TRAFFICKING ........................................................................... 19 DEFAULT BULK FLOW, AND CONSTITUTIVE AND REGULATED SECRETION .................... 26 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE-SECRETORY PATHWAy............ .............................. 28 THE ENDOMEMBRANE CONCEPT AND THE ENDOMEMBRANE-SECRETORY PATHWAy ....... 28 (1) THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND THE OUTER NUCLEAR MEMBRANE ................. 29 (2) THE ER-GOLGI INTERMEDIATE COMPARTMENT .................................................... 33 (3) THE GOLGI ApPARATUS ..................................................................................... 35 (4 ) VACUOLES AND LYSOSOMES .............. ...................... .......................................... 38 (5) PROTEIN BODIES ................................................................................................ 40 (6) THE PLASMA MEMBRANE .................................................................................. 43 (7) VESICLES ......................................................................................................... 44 MOLECULAR SORTING MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTITUTIVE SECRETION OF PROTEINS ................................................... 48 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued ER TARGETING AND TRANSLOCATION ............. .... .................................................... 48 ER RETENTION AND RETRIEVAL MECHANISMS ....................................................... 56 ER Retention of Luminal Proteins from Default Secretion .......................... 56 ER Retention of integral Membrane Proteins from Default Secretion .......... 61 TRANSPORT COMPETENCE FOR EXIT FROM THE ER ............................................. ...... 64 RETENTION OF PROTEINS AT THE CIS-, MEDIAL- AND 7RANS-CISTERNAE OF THE GOlGI ... 65 RETENTION OF PROTEINS AT THE TRANs-GOlGI NETWORK .......................................... 72 SORTING OF PROTEINS AT THE TRANS-GOlGi NETWORK ............................................. 75 Trafficking of Cell Surface Proteins ............................................................. 76 Sorting Proteins into Lysosomes ................................................................
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