Log in / create account article discussion edit this page history Temple in Jerusalem Coordinates: 31.77765, 35.23547 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bet HaMikdash ; "The Holy House"), refers to Part of a series of articles on ,שדקמה תיב :The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple (Hebrew a series of structures located on the Temple Mount (Har HaBayit) in the old city of Jerusalem. Historically, two Jews and Judaism navigation temples were built at this location, and a future Temple features in Jewish eschatology. According to classical Main page Jewish belief, the Temple (or the Temple Mount) acts as the figurative "footstool" of God's presence (Heb. Contents "shechina") in the physical world. Featured content Current events The First Temple was built by King Solomon in seven years during the 10th century BCE, culminating in 960 [1] [2] Who is a Jew? ∙ Etymology ∙ Culture Random article BCE. It was the center of ancient Judaism. The Temple replaced the Tabernacle of Moses and the Tabernacles at Shiloh, Nov, and Givon as the central focus of Jewish faith. This First Temple was destroyed by Religion search the Babylonians in 587 BCE. Construction of a new temple was begun in 537 BCE; after a hiatus, work resumed Texts 520 BCE, with completion occurring in 516 BCE and dedication in 515. As described in the Book of Ezra, Ethnicities Go Search rebuilding of the Temple was authorized by Cyrus the Great and ratified by Darius the Great. Five centuries later, Population this Second Temple was renovated by Herod the Great in about 20 BCE. It was subsequently destroyed by the Denominations interaction Romans in 70 CE (see The Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE). All of the outer walls still stand, although the Temple Languages About Wikipedia itself has long since been destroyed, and for many years it was believed that the western wall of the complex was Community portal the only wall standing. History Recent changes Politics Contact Wikipedia An Islamic shrine, the Dome of the Rock, has stood on the site of the Temple since the late 7th Century CE, and Donate to Wikipedia the al­Aqsa Mosque, from roughly the same period, also stands on the Temple courtyard. v • d • e Help Jewish eschatology envisions the construction of The Third Temple in Jerusalem associated with the coming of toolbox The Messiah, and thus, adherents of Orthodox and Conservative Judaism anticipate a Third Temple. What links here On August 30, 2007, what appears to be the remains of the Second Temple were discovered during the installation of pipes in the compound. [3] Related changes Then, in October 2007, archaeologists confirmed the discovery of First Temple artifacts.[4] Upload file Special pages Contents Printable version 1 Etymology Permanent link 2 First and Second Temples Cite this page 3 Building a Third Temple languages 4 Physical layout The Temple in the writings of the prophets 5 ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ Български 6 Temple services Català 7 The Temple as the Garden of Eden Česky 8 Role in Jewish services Dansk 8.1 Orthodox Judaism Deutsch 8.2 Conservative Judaism Eesti 8.3 Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism Español Esperanto 9 Archaeological evidence Euskara 9.1 2004 artifact controversy The Temple in Islam 10 ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ Français 11 See also Furlan 12 References Galego 13 External links 한국어 14 Further reading Bahasa Indonesia Italiano [Etymology [edit תירבע Kiswahili Latviešu The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House", Lietuvių and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name. The temple is also called by a Македонски variety of other names in the Hebrew Bible, such as Beit Adonai (House of God) or simply Nederlands Beiti (My house) or Beitechah (Your House). 日本語 The Temple of Solomon was constructed based on specific plans given to King David, by Norsk (bokmål) Norsk (nynorsk) God. David had hoped to build it, but was told by God that his son would be the one to assemble the first temple. During his reign, David began to collect most of the raw materials Polski Português used in the construction, from the wood, to the huge foundation stones, to the gold, silver, Русский bronze and other metals used. The Temple was designed to house the Ark of the Covenant, Shqip and to serve all nations, particularly the Hebrew nation of Israel, as a place where any man Simple English could worship the God of Israel. Slovenčina Srpskohrvatski / The First Temple, referred to as the Temple of Solomon, was likely constructed by members Српскохрватски of all 12 tribes of Israel, since all the tribes were united under David and then Solomon. Svenska Following Solomon's reign, his son Rehoboam, due to his arrogance, caused 10 of the A drawing of Ezekiel's Visionary Temple from the Book of Tiếng Việt tribes of Israel split off to form the Northern Kingdom of Israel, while the tribes of Judah, Ezekiel 40­47 Türkçe Benjamin and much of Levi, remained in what was known as the Kingdom of Judah. The Українська second temple was subsequently built by the remnant of Judah only who were taken in exile שידִיי by Nebuchadnezzar in the 6th century BCE The other 10 tribes had already been dispersed a few centuries earlier, when their kingdom was torn 中文 apart by the Kingdom of Assyria. First and Second Temples [edit] Main articles: Solomon's Temple and Second Temple Two distinct Temples stood in succession on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: Solomon's Temple was built in the 10th century BCE and has been dated astronomically to 957 BCE[5] to replace the Tabernacle. It was destroyed by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE, and thus stood for about 375 years; Talmudic tradition gives the number as 410 years. The building of the Temple of Solomon plays a prominent role in Masonic tradition, as well. The Second Temple was built after Cyrus allowed the Jews to return from the Babylonian captivity. The return took place around 537 BCE, and, after a number of delays, the Temple was completed in 516 BCE. The dimensions of the Temple Mount were then 150 metres x 50 metres.[6] A model of Herod's Temple adjacent to the Shrine of the Book exhibit at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. The Second Temple was destroyed by Roman Empire troops under general Titus in 70 CE. This second Temple had been desecrated by Pompey, when he entered it after taking Jerusalem in 63 BCE. According to Josephus (living at the Court of the Roman Emperor), Pompey did not remove anything from the Temple or its treasury. He did, however, massacre the Priests who attempted to block his entry to the sanctuary. Pompey subsequently lost all his power and died as a hunted fugitive. This is seen by many Jewish people as Divine punishment. (See article on Pompey in the Encyclopaedia Judaica). Around 19 BCE, King Herod began a renovation of the Temple Complex in order to conceive a larger and grander version. Scarcely had the Temple's renovations been completed, however, when it was completely destroyed ­­ down to the foundations ­­ by the Roman Empire.[7] During the last revolt of the Jews against the Romans in 132­135 CE, Simon bar Kokhba and Rabbi Akiva wanted to rebuild the Temple, but bar Kokhba's revolt failed and the Jews were banned from Jerusalem by the Roman Empire. A further effort at rebuilding the Temple took place in 363 CE when Julian the Apostate ordered the restoration of the Jewish Sack of the Second Temple depicted on the inside wall of the Arch of Titus in Rome. sanctuary in Jerusalem, but this project failed. Building a Third Temple [edit] Main article: The Third Temple Ever since the Second Temple's destruction, a prayer for the construction of a new Third Temple has been a formal part of the thrice­daily Jewish prayer services. However, the question of whether and when to construct the Third Temple is disputed both within the Jewish community and without; groups within Judaism argue both for and against construction of a new Temple, while the expansion of Abrahamic religion since the 1st century CE has made the issue contentious within Christian and Islamic thought as well. Furthermore, the complicated political status of Jerusalem makes initiation of reconstruction presently difficult, while the traditional physical location of the historic Temple is presently occupied by the Al­Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock. Physical layout [edit] According to the Talmud, the Temple had an Ezrat Nashim (Women's Court) to the east and main area to the west. The main area contained the butchering area for the sacrifices and the Mizbaeach (Outer Altar) on which portions of most offerings were burned and blood was poured or dashed. An edifice contained the Ulam (antechamber), the Heichal, and the Kodesh Kodashim (Holy of Holies). The Heichal and the Kodesh Kodashim were separated by a wall in the First Temple and by two curtains in the Second Temple. The Heichal contained the Menorah, the table of Showbread and the Incense Altar. The main courtyard had thirteen gates. On the south side, beginning with the southwest corner, there were four gates: Shaar Ha'Elyon (the Upper Gate) Shaar HaDelek (the Kindling Gate), where wood was brought in Shaar HaBechorot (the Gate of Firstborn), where people with first­born animal offerings entered and fathers and children entered for the Pidyon HaBen ceremony Shaar HaMayim (the Water Gate), where the Water Libation entered on Sukkot. On the north side, beginning with the northwest corner, there were four gates: Shaar Yechonyah (The Gate of Yechonyah), where kings of the Davidic line enter and Yechonyah/Yehoyachin left for the last time to captivity Shaar HaKorban (The gate of the Offering), where priests entered with kodshei kodashim offerings Shaar HaNashim (The Women's Gate), where women entered into the Azara or main courtyard to [8] perform offerings Excavated steps on the South side of the Shaar Hashir (The Gate of Song), where the Levites entered with their musical instruments Temple Mount On the east side was Shaar Nikanor, between the Women's Courtyard and the main Temple Courtyard, which had two minor doorways, one on its right and one on its left.