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Canyon Junction to Tower Junction Road Improvement YELLOWSTONE National Park ! Wyoming / Montana / Idaho

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Canyon Junction to Tower Junction Road Improvement YELLOWSTONE National Park ! Wyoming / Montana / Idaho Environmental Assessment September 2001 Canyon Junction to Tower Junction Road Improvement YELLOWSTONE National Park ! Wyoming / Montana / Idaho i SUMMARY The segment of Grand Loop Road from Canyon Junction to Tower Junction in Yellowstone National Park is in an advanced state of deterioration, primarily due to age. The pavement is rutted from wear and cracking because of poor drainage, poor-quality base material, and increasingly heavy vehicle use. The pavement edge has broken down resulting in an inconsistent 5.8 to 6.7 meters (19 to 22 feet) road width. The road was not designed or constructed to accommodate current traffic volumes, vehicle widths, lengths, and weights. Safety hazards include narrow pavement width, inadequate visibility at pullouts and intersections, steep side slopes, poor road surface, rockfalls, and curve alignments that do not meet modern engineering safety standards. A transportation analysis was completed that concluded that this road segment affords no opportunity for slow vehicles to pull out of the traffic stream to allow other vehicles to see the road ahead and pass. The report further summarized that the narrow width and winding alignment of this road result in poor vehicle operating conditions. These factors, in conjunction with the volume of traffic, result in a "level of service" which reflects very congested traffic flows- with a high probability of long delays to road users. Improvement of the entire Canyon Junction to Tower Junction road segment, 29.3 kilometers (18.4 miles) is proposed. This improvement would take place in two construction phases over a period of four to six years, if funding were available. Alternative A (preferred) would reconstruct the road and associated parking areas and pullouts. The road would be widened to 7.2 meters (24 feet) with 3.0-meter (10-foot) lanes and 0.6-meter (2-foot) paved shoulders. The centerline of the road would be moved for about a 0.40 km (0.25-mile) segment in the immediate vicinity of Calcite Springs parking area for safety purposes. Alternative B would also reconstruct the road, parking areas, and pullouts. A road width of 9.2 meters (30 feet) would be built along the existing alignment. Alternative C would reconstruct the road, parking areas, and pullouts with a width of 6.0 meters (20 feet). In all three action alternatives, problems such as rockfall, poor drainage, inadequate or inappropriate parking, and standard design deficiencies would be corrected. Appropriate mitigation actions would be incorporated in construction design and documents. Alternative D (no action) would continue existing road maintenance. No major road reconstruction work would occur. Under Alternative A, about 35 to 38 hectares (86 to 94 acres) of soils and vegetation would be disturbed. About 0.35 to 0.45 hectares (0.85 to 1.10 acres) of wetlands would be included in the total disturbance. In Alternative B, 48 to 53 hectares (119 to 131 acres) of soils and vegetation would be disturbed including 0.45 to 0.55 hectares (1.10 to 1.35 acres) of wetland. In Alternative C, 27 to 30 hectares (67 to 74 acres) of soils and vegetation would be disturbed including 0.30 to 0.40 hectares (0.75 to 1.00 acres) of wetland. In all alternatives, impacts to wildlife, including threatened, endangered, and candidate species, would be minimized through construction stipulations and/or mitigation measures as part of the construction contracts. Efforts to avoid, then minimize, then mitigate impacts to all jurisdictional waters and isolated wetlands would be made. ii Cultural resources within the areas potentially affected by construction have been inventoried, and their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NR) evaluated. Thirty-seven sites have been identified, including the Grand Loop Road Historic District and the Chittenden Road Historic District. Seven of these properties are eligible for the National Register. The 1993 programmatic agreement among the Wyoming and Montana State Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs), the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), and the National Park Service (NPS) provides direction for the preservation and protection of these properties. Through project planning and design, impacts on most of these properties would be avoided. Where impacts could not be avoided, appropriate mitigation strategies would be developed and mitigation plans prepared in consultation with the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Officer and Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. Yellowstone visitors would be inconvenienced by road closures during construction. In the long term, road improvements would provide safer and more enjoyable driving experiences for visitors. This environmental assessment will be on public review for 60 days. NOTE TO REVIEWERS AND RESPONDENTS If you wish to comment on the environmental assessment, you may mail comments to the name and address below. Our practice is to make comments, including names and home addresses of respondents, available for public review during regular business hours. Individual respondents may request that we withhold their home address from the record, which we will honor to the extent allowable by law. If you wish us to withhold your name and/or address, you must state this prominently at the beginning of your comment. We will make all submissions from organizations or businesses, and from individuals identifying themselves as representatives or officials of organizations or businesses, available for public inspection in their entirety. Comments are due November 23, 2001 and should be addressed to: Superintendent Canyon to Tower Road Improvement Attn: Office of Planning and Compliance P.O. 168 Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190 iii Table of Contents Table of Contents _______________________________________________________ iv INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________ 2 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE ACTION _____________________________ 5 Relationship of the Proposed Action to Previous Planning Efforts ___________________ 7 Impact Topics ______________________________________________________________ 8 Soils and Vegetation _______________________________________________________________ 8 Rare Plants_______________________________________________________________________ 9 Hydrothermal Resources ____________________________________________________________ 9 Fisheries and Aquatic Resources______________________________________________________ 9 Wetlands and Other Waters of the United States__________________________________________ 9 Air Quality______________________________________________________________________ 10 Wildlife ________________________________________________________________________ 10 Threatened and Endangered Species __________________________________________________ 10 Cultural Resources________________________________________________________________ 10 Socioeconomic Environment________________________________________________________ 10 Impact Topics Dismissed from Further Consideration_______________________________ 11 Environmental Justice _____________________________________________________________ 11 Prime and Unique Agricultural Lands_________________________________________________ 11 Floodplain Management (Executive Order 11988) _______________________________________ 11 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ________________________________________ 12 ITEMS COMMON TO ALL "ACTION" ALTERNATIVES ______________________ 12 Pullouts ________________________________________________________________________ 13 Centerline Shifts _________________________________________________________________ 13 Revegetation ____________________________________________________________________ 13 Items of special concern ___________________________________________________________ 13 ALTERNATIVE A (PREFERRED): RECONSTRUCT EXISTING ROADWAY ALIGNMENT TO A 7.2-METER (24-FOOT) PAVEMENT WIDTH _______________ 14 Design Recommendations ______________________________________________________ 14 Bridges_______________________________________________________________________ 18 Culverts and Headwalls__________________________________________________________ 18 Parking Areas and Pullouts and Visitor Facilities ______________________________________ 19 Cascade Lake Trailhead________________________________________________________ 19 Cascade Lake Picnic Area ______________________________________________________ 19 Dunraven Road Picnic Area ____________________________________________________ 19 Washburn Hot Springs Overlook_________________________________________________ 19 New Vault Toilet and Parking (18+120R)__________________________________________ 20 Dunraven Pass _______________________________________________________________ 20 Blister Rust Overlook _________________________________________________________ 20 New Vault Toilet South of Chittenden Road (26+350L)_______________________________ 20 Chittenden Road _____________________________________________________________ 20 Buffalo Paddock _____________________________________________________________ 20 Tower Fall __________________________________________________________________ 21 Overhanging Cliff ____________________________________________________________ 21 Calcite Springs_______________________________________________________________ 22 Material Source ________________________________________________________________ 22 Staging, Stockpiling, and Disposal Sites _____________________________________________ 23 Reclamation/Revegetation________________________________________________________
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