DOCSLIB.ORG

Geological Evaluation of Infrared Imagery, Eastern Part of I 2 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana I 3 by Ii I 4 I Harry W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geological Evaluation of Infrared Imagery, Eastern Part of I 2 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana I 3 by Ii I 4 I Harry W General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) ,,AT Qi I )^'--;fit,: JH J UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Interagency Report NASA-83 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY '^'•a.YA ). tbo 1958 WASHINGTON. D.C. 20242 H69 $ (ACCESSION NUMI ("RU) Mr. Robert Porter a Acting Program Chief, (CODE) Earth Resources S^irvey Code SAR - NASA Headquarters W—CR OR TMX NUMBER) OR AD tGTE60RY) Washington, D.C. 20545 Dear Bob: Transm_tted herewith is one copy of: INTERAGENCY REPORT NASA-82 GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INFRARED IKAGERY, EASTERN PART OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PA%<, ViOtAING AND MONTANA* ^. by Harry W. Smedes** The U.S. Geological Survey has released this report in open files. Copies are available for consultation in the Geological Survey Libraries, 1033 GSA Building, Washington, D.C. 20242; Building 25, Federal Center, Danver, Colorado 80225; 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo ?ark, California 94025; and 601 E. Cedar Avenua, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001. 618 9 7prT^ Sincerely yours, a5 '000n ^ AFC William A. Fischer oc^^ !',,^^ Research Coordinator EROS Prograri *Work performed under .NASA Contract Na. R-09-020-011, Task 160-75-01-44-10 **U.S. Geological Sur y-?y, Danver, Colorado I: ;7 UNITED STATES 1 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2 3 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4 5 jI I b INTERAGENCY REPORT NASA-83 GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INFRARED IMAGERY, 8 EASTERN PART OF YELLO INSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 9 WYOMING A! D :MONTANA* 1a- 12 Harry W. Smedes** 13 I4. 15- 16 I7 Prepared by the Geological Survey 18 for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) t^ *Work perfor-led under NASA Contract No. R-09-020-011, Task 160-75-01-44-10 **U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado • ?1 t .1267 1 Conterts Page 2 Introduction----------------------------------------------- - 1 3 Nature of the study--------------------------------------------- 3 4 (j Infrared imagery studied------------- ---------------------- 3 s -^ General results-------------------- - 4 6 i Discussion of selected examples-------------------------------- - 7 i 7 Reversals of relative heat radiation----------------------- 7 i i a The effects of bodies of water--- ------------------------- 10 i I 9 i The effects of talus and other rubble---------------------- 13 i I 10 - ' Effects of the attitude of slope--------------------------- 15 i 11 The effect of snow and ice--------------------------------- 19 i 12 The effect of rock type------------------------------------ 21 13 Hot springs and altered rock------------------------------- 22 i 14 Man-caused anomalies--------------------------------------- 24 i i5— Recommendations------------------------------------------------- 26 i 16 References------------------------------------------------------ 27 n I is 19 20- 21 22 23 24 25— O. S. 00VERNhiENT PRINTING OFFICE! 1959 O - 511171 0 p • 1nu k 9.1267 1 ! Geological evaluation of infrared imagery, eastern part of I 2 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana I 3 by iI I 4 I Harry W. Smedes i 5- INTRODUCTION e Infrared imagery of part of Yellowstone National Park was studied; i to evaluate its usefulness in the remote sensing of geologic i a 'environment. Applications of infrared imagery to geology and 9 geomorphology were studied by determining whether rock and soil types,; 10 - ' structures, and thermal springs not observed on the ground or from 11 conventional aerial photographs could be detected from this imagery. 12 Geologic mapping in the Park area is being carried out under i 13 five topical projects: 1) pre-Tertiary rocks in the northern part 14 of the Park; 2) pre-Tertiary in the southern part; early Cenozoic 3) i 15 volcanic rocks; 4) late Cenozoic volcanic rocks; and 5) surficial I 16 deposits and geomorphology. This report is primarily concerned with " infrared imagery of areas underlain by the early Cenozoic volcanics; i8 it involves the eastern third of the Park and the Washburn Range in 19 the north-central part of the Park. 20- 1 i i !i 22 23 24 25 - 1 U. S, GOVERNMENT PH IN I ING OFFICE : 1"9 O - SI1171 667.101, 9.1267 1 The early Cenozoic volcanic rocks are of Eocene and, probably, 2 Oligocene age. They constitute a complex volcanic pile composed of 3 interfingering and gradational sheets and lenses of breccia, 4 epiclastic volcanic deposits, and lavas, cut in places by dikes and s- plugs. The composition ranges from rhyodacite to K-rich basalt; the 6 grain size and texture from that of shale, silt, and volcanic ash to 7 breccia blocks several feet in diameter, and dense lava flows. This e I broad complex of coalescing materials derived from scattered vent f 9 areas forms a vast plateau which has been deeply dissected to form a 10- mature surface with more than 3000 feet of relief. Remnants of an old! I i erosion surface on this plateau lie along the eastern margin of the i i 12 Park, where they form the edge of the Absaroka Range. Strata there --- 13 form precipitous rimrocks and ledges. Farther west, the topography 14 is subdued, the early Cenozoic volcanics are less conspicuously expose! i 15- on grassy and timbered slopes and are overlain by a variety of 16 younger volcanic, sedimentary, and glacial deposits. The strata are j " flat or of low dip except near some vent areas and intrusive bodies 16 ( where they are fadlted and tilted. In the ;2ount Washburn area strata 'q dip moderately; in the Eagle Peak area steep dips represent primary i 20- 1 slopes of the deposits of ancient volcanoes. 21 The general geology of the Park and the region to the east is 22 outlined by Hague (1896, 1899)• 23 24 25 - 2 U.S. GOVENNMENT PRIM ING OFFICE: 1959 0- 511171 847.100 9.1267 NATURE OF THE STUDY j z Infrared images .;overing more than 475 flightline miles were 3 studied (Figure 1). Evaluation of the imagery was made by visual 4 comparison of the relative intensities of different features shown on s-i positive prints of the imagery; by comparing the same features on e i daytime and night imagery; and by checking features with one or more I i 7 of the following: 1) Conventional black and white aerial photographs i 8 at a scale of about 1:37,400; 2) color pictures (transparencies) whica I 9 were taken from the ground and from helicopter in flight; 3) geologic i io-1 maps at 1:62,500 and 1:125,000; 4) topographic maps at 1:62,500; and ! 11 i 5) radar imagery. j 12 The results from this study will be discussed, in general i 13 qualitative terms. This qualitative approach stems from the lack i I 14 of data available on emissivity of the surface materials in the area. j i is- The study was also designed to compare several types of visual data 1b (photographs or images) to determine whether geologic features could 17 be identified by comparison and contrast among the various kinds of i 18 ; data. For the comparativei study, absolute values of emissivity are i9 not important. t 20 6 Infrared Imagery Studied J 21 Infrared images covering most of Yellowstone Park were obtained by aircraft overflights during early evening hours on August 13 and 14t 22 and during mid-afternoon hours on August 14 and 15, 1966. The imagery 23 i was recorded using a Reconofax IV system and Tri-X film by representat ves I 24 ! of H. R. B. Singer under contract, Project No. 4027, missions 19 25_^ through 22. 1 3 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 U - 411171 !67.100 .1267 1 I GENERAL RESULTS 2 Principal variables responsible for producing contrasting tones 3 j on the imagery are; 1) the inherent (as opposed to solar dependent) e ; temperature of a feature such as hot or cold springs, snow, and ice; 2) differences in soil moisture content; 3} type and amount of i 6 vegetation covering a rock unit; and 4) amount of solar radiation 7 received because of topographic position -- the topographic enhancement i 8 effect. The strongest of these is the first, the inherent temperature. 9 In general, the effects of 3) and 4) are so strong that they mask to -^ those due to differences in texture or composition of the bedrock 11 units, which are of greatest geologic interest. In fact, a given i 12 bedrock unit in places where it most likely has rather uniform { z i3 emissivity appears relatively cool in some places and relatively warm) 14 in others depending especially upon the topographic enhancement effect. I is- This relation plus the fact that conventional aerial photographs 16 portray geologic units more consistently, reliably, and conspicuously,' 17 prompts the conclusion that infrared imagery recorded during afternoon 18 1 or early evening tours (the only imagery recorded for this area is 19 of little value for discrimination of rock type. However, such I 20 -' imagery is quite useful in determining relative moisture content, and.' ' I 21 might be very helpful in distinguishing between soils or other I ^ t2 surface debris of different origin or age. 23 Comparison of imagery of the same area before and after sunset suggest that repeated runs could give rough quantitative data on j 24 relative rates of abs tion and radiation that ma y prove helpful in 25-_ evaluating the nature of surface debris.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2008
    Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations 2008 Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team Photo courtesy of Steve Ard Data contained in this report are preliminary and subject to change. Please obtain permission prior to citation. To give credit to authors, please cite the section within this report as a chapter in a book. Below is an example: Moody, D.S., K. Frey, and D. Meints. 2009. Trends in elk hunter numbers within the Primary Conservation Area plus the 10-mile perimeter area. Page 39 in C.C. Schwartz, M.A. Haroldson, and K. West, editors. Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2008. U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana, USA. Cover: Female #533 with her 3 3-year-old offspring after den emergence, taken 1 May 2008 by Steve Ard. YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEAR INVESTIGATIONS Annual Report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team 2008 U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Game and Fish Department National Park Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks U.S. Forest Service Idaho Department of Fish and Game Edited by Charles C. Schwartz, Mark A. Haroldson, and Karrie West U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 2009 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 This Report ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Winter Ecology of Bighorn Sheep In
    THESIS WINTER ECOLOGY OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Submitted by John L. 01demeyer In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University December 1966 COLORADO STATE m~IVERSI1Y December 1966 WE HEREBY RECOl-lEEND 'lRAT lliE 'IHESIS PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY J onn L. 01demeyer ENTITLED tt'v-linter ecolo&;,( of bighorn sheep in yellowstone National ParkU BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING nus PART OF 'mE ~UIIill"LENTS FOR THE DillREE OF EASTER OF SCI~CE. CO:TJli ttee on Graduate Work --- - Examination Satisfacto~ Pennission to publish this thesis or any part of it must be obtained from the Dean of the Graduate School. PJL,ORADO STATE UN !VEKS ITY LI BRARIES i ABSTRACT WIN TER ECOLOOY OF ID:GHORN SHEEP IN YELLOVlS'IDHE NA TI ONAL PARK A bighorn sheep study was conducted on the northern winter range of yellowstone National Park, TNY01~inE from JIDle 1965 to June 1966. The objectives of the study were to census the bighorn population, map the winter bighorn distribution, detennine plant conposition and utilization on irnportant bighorn winter ranees, observe daily feedine habits, and assess the effect of competition on bighorn sheep. ~o hundred twen~ nine bighorn sheep wintered on the northern winter range. These herds were located on Nt. Everts, along the Yellowstone River, on Specimen Ridge, and along Soda Butte Creek. The ewe to ram ratio was 100: 78, the ewe to lamb ra tic waS 100: 47, and the ewe to yearling ratio was 100: 20. Range analysis was done on HacHinn Bench, Specimen Ridge, and Druid Peak.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 2004
    Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 2004 Douglas W. Smith, Daniel R. Stahler, and Debra S. Guernsey National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-2005-02 Suggested citation: Smith, D.W., D.R. Stahler, and D.S. Guernsey. 2005. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 2004. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wy o ming, YCR-2005-02. Wolf logo on cover and title page: Original illustration of wolf pup #47, born to #27, of the Nez Perce pack in 1996, by Melissa Saunders. Treatment and design by Renée Evanoff. All photos not otherwise marked are NPS photos by Douglas Smith and Daniel R. Stahler. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Background .............................................................iv Gibbon Meadows Pack ........................................10 2004 Summary .........................................................v Bechler Pack ........................................................11 Territory Map ..........................................................vi Wolf Capture and Collaring ...................................11 The Yellowstone Wolf Pop u la tion .............................1 Wolf Predation ........................................................11 Population and Territory Status .............................1 Wolf –Prey Relationships ......................................11 Reproduction ........................................................3 Composition of Wolf Kills ...................................12 Mortalities .............................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowstone National Park! Renowned Snowcapped Eagle Peak
    YELLOWSTONE THE FIRST NATIONAL PARK THE HISTORY BEHIND YELLOWSTONE Long before herds of tourists and automobiles crisscrossed Yellowstone’s rare landscape, the unique features comprising the region lured in the West’s early inhabitants, explorers, pioneers, and entrepreneurs. Their stories helped fashion Yellowstone into what it is today and initiated the birth of America’s National Park System. Native Americans As early as 10,000 years ago, ancient inhabitants dwelled in northwest Wyoming. These small bands of nomadic hunters wandered the country- side, hunting the massive herds of bison and gath- ering seeds and berries. During their seasonal travels, these predecessors of today’s Native American tribes stumbled upon Yellowstone and its abundant wildlife. Archaeologists have discov- ered domestic utensils, stone tools, and arrow- heads indicating that these ancient peoples were the first humans to discover Yellowstone and its many wonders. As the region’s climate warmed and horses Great Fountain Geyser. NPS Photo by William S. Keller were introduced to American Indian tribes in the 1600s, Native American visits to Yellowstone became more frequent. The Absaroka (Crow) and AMERICA’S FIRST NATIONAL PARK range from as low as 5,314 feet near the north Blackfeet tribes settled in the territory surrounding entrance’s sagebrush flats to 11,358 feet at the Yellowstone and occasionally dispatched hunting Welcome to Yellowstone National Park! Renowned snowcapped Eagle Peak. Perhaps most interesting- parties into Yellowstone’s vast terrain. Possessing throughout the world for its natural wonders, ly, the park rests on a magma layer buried just one no horses and maintaining an isolated nature, the inspiring scenery, and mysterious wild nature, to three miles below the surface while the rest of Shoshone-Bannock Indians are the only Native America’s first national park is nothing less than the Earth lies more than six miles above the first American tribe to have inhabited Yellowstone extraordinary.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowstone Hot Spot Field Trip Route
    On the Trail of the Yellowstone Hot Spot Summer Session 2007 General trip route This trip was run from Spokane, WA to the western end of the Snake River Plain in Idaho, to Craters of the Moon National Monument and to Yellowstone National Park. The route from Spokane was I‐90 west to Ritzville, I‐395 south to the Tri‐Cities, through Kennewick and into Oregon via Route 82 and Route 730 to I‐84 eastbound to Boise, ID. Our first stop was at Bruneau Dunes State Park, south of Mountain Home, ID. We continued our exploration of the Snake River Plain via Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Craters of the Moon National Monument, Menan Buttes and entered the west entrance of Yellowstone National Park. Physiographic provinces and areas covered Columbia Plateau Snake River Plain Rocky Mountains Blue Mountains Suggested geology topics for discussion during trip • Physiographic provinces of Washington State and Idaho • Columbia River flood basalts • Channeled Scablands • Snake River Plain evolution • Aquifers in the Snake River Plain • Rift volcanism on the Snake River Plain • Volcanic edifices and eruptive styles • Bimodal volcanism • Lava types and properties • Pyroclastic rock classification • Lava tube formation • Supervolcanoes • Caldera formation • Yellowstone glaciation • Hydrothermal features ‐ Geysers, hot springs, fumaroles and mudpots • Thermophiles and water temperature Columbia Plateau – Outcrops of columnar jointed basalt and pillow lavas are abundant in the area. Snake River Plain – suggested stops • Bruneau Dunes State Park – a large
    [Show full text]
  • The Yellowstone Paleontological Survey
    E PALEONT ON O T LO S G W I O C L A L L E National Y Park The Yellowstone Service Department of the Interior Paleontological Survey SURVEY Vincent L. Santucci Yellowstone Center for Resources National Park Service Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-1 1998 How to cite this document: Santucci, V. L. 1998. The Yellowstone Paleontological Survey. Yellowstone Center for Resources, National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming,YCR-NR-98-1. Current address for Vincent L. Santucci is National Park Service, P.O. Box 592, Kemmerer, WY 83101. The Yellowstone Paleontological Survey To Lt. Col. Luke J. Barnett, III “Uncle by blood, brother in spirit!” Vincent L. Santucci Yellowstone Center for Resources National Park Service Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-1 1998 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Stratigraphy .................................................................................................... 4 Fossil Chronology........................................................................................... 6 Taxonomy ..................................................................................................... 12 Localities ...................................................................................................... 15 Interpretation ................................................................................................ 19 Paleontological Resource Management.......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • RI 2019 Welcome Faqs.Pdf
    Yellowstone National Park, the world’s first national park, is named after the Yellowstone River. Welcome Yellowstone National Park is as wondrous as it is complex. The park has rich human and ecological stories that continue to unfold. When Yellowstone was established as the world’s first national park in , it sparked an idea that influenced the creation of the National Park Service and the more than ­ sites it protects today across the United States. Yellowstone National Park also forms the core of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. At ­, square miles, it is one of the largest, nearly intact temper- ate-zone ecosystems on Earth. The park continues to influence preservation and science, and we are pleased to share its stories with you. Many people have dedicated their lives and careers to • The park newspaper distributed at entrance studying Yellowstone and the park has a long history gates and visitor centers. of research and public interest. The park hosts more • Site bulletins, published as needed, provide than 150 researchers from various agencies, univer- more detailed information on park topics such sities, and organizations each year. They produce as trailside museums and the grand hotels. Free; hundreds of papers, manuscripts, books, and book available upon request from visitor centers. chapters on their work annually—a volume of infor- • Trail guides, available at all visitor centers. mation that is difficult to absorb. This compendium A $1 donation is requested. is intended to help you understand the important concepts about Yellowstone’s many resources and Second Century of Service contains information about the park’s history, natural On August 25, 2016, the National Park Service and cultural resources, and issues.
    [Show full text]
  • The Yellowstone Petrified “Forests”
    THE YELLOWSTONE PETRIFIED “FORESTS” Harold G. Coffin I. INTRODUCTION The Petrified Forests of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Montana are perhaps the most spectacular and extensive petrified forests in the world and have stimulated scientific investigations for over 100 years. The first historical records of the petrified trees of Yellowstone National Park came from trappers in the first half of the 19th century, some of whom developed exaggerated stories about the Yellowstone country and about the petrified trees.1 In 1878 and 1879, W. H. Holmes gave us the first scientific accounts of these unique forests.2 II. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The classic petrified forests are found on Specimen Ridge and Mt. Amethyst, both located in the northeast sector of Yellowstone National Park (Figure 1).3 Other fossil forests in the northeastern part of the park are found in the Cache Creek Area, and on both sides of Soda Butte Creek and Figure 1. Specimen Ridge from the Lamar Valley. Note petrified trees left of center on the sloping ridge below the cliffs. Volume 24 — No. 1 5 All contents copyright Geoscience Research Institute. All rights reserved. the Lamar Valley. The most spectacular of the fossil forests can be found along the drainage of Specimen Creek in the northwest corner of the park (Figure 2). In addition, significant petrified forests are located north of the Figure 2. One of the spectacular exposures of petrified trees in the Specimen Creek area in the northwest corner of Yellowstone National Park. park in the Tom Minor Basin and surrounding mountains, as well as south of the park in the Stratified Primitive Area north of Dubois, Wyoming (Figure 3).4 A.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Wyoming Gray Wolf Population Monitoring and Management
    WYOMING WOLF RECOVERY 2015 ANNUAL REPORT A cooperative effort by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Wyoming Game and Fish Dept., Wind River Indian Reservation, and USDA Wildlife Services This cooperative report presents information on the status, distribution, and management of wolves in Wyoming, including Yellowstone National Park and the Wind River Reservation from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015. This report may be copied and distributed as needed. Suggested Citation: Jimenez, M.D. and A. Johnson. 2016. Wyoming Wolf Recovery 2015 Annual Report. Pages WY-1 to WY-30 in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rocky Mountain Wolf Program 2015 Annual Report. USFWS, Ecological Services, 585 Shepard Way, Helena, Montana, 59601 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................1 PERSONNEL Wyoming outside Yellowstone National Park (WYO) .............................................................1 MONITORING WYO ..........................................................................................................................................2 Population status ..................................................................................................................2 Reproduction ........................................................................................................................5 Mortalities ............................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Memorandum
    TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM TO: WWDC DATE: May 12, 2010 FROM: MWH REFERENCE: Wind-Bighorn Basin Plan SUBJECT: Task 6A–Issues Affecting Future Water Use Opportunities This memorandum discusses known environmental processes, permits and other related issues associated with future water use opportunities within the Wind-Bighorn Basin. This memorandum fulfills the reporting requirements for Task 6A of the consultant scope of work for the Wind-Bighorn Basin Plan Update (Basin Plan Update). Contents Section 1 – Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Section 2 –Water Management Issues .................................................................................................. 2 Issues Related to Tribal Compacts and Settlements .......................................................................... 2 Issues Related to Federal Projects ..................................................................................................... 3 Issues Related to Water Quality ......................................................................................................... 3 Section 3– Compact Requirements........................................................................................................ 3 Section 4– Funding Agency Requirements-WWDC ............................................................................... 4 Section 5 – Federal Legislation and Regional Laws ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tower-Roosevelt Area
    Yellowstone – Tower-Roosevelt Area TOWER-ROOSEVELT AREA MAP Page 1 of 14 Yellowstone – Tower-Roosevelt Area Tower-Roosevelt to Canyon Road Map Page 2 of 14 Yellowstone – Tower-Roosevelt Area Tower-Roosevelt to Mammoth Road Map Page 3 of 14 Yellowstone – Tower-Roosevelt Area Tower-Roosevelt to the Northeast Entrance Road Map Page 4 of 14 Yellowstone – Tower-Roosevelt Area Day Hikes Near Tower-Roosevelt Tower Fall Trail Closure Notice At present, there is a partial closure of the Tower Fall trail in effect that unfortunately restricts access to the bottom of the waterfall, and will for some time, in the interest of public safety. However, the upper platform at the top of the trail still provides historic views of the falls and remains open to the public. In addition, the first two-thirds of the trail also remains open and still provides that invigorating hike and views of the Tower Creek - Yellowstone River confluence and the wildlife that inhabit the area. One of the fascinating aspects of this incredible and diverse area around the falls is the rich geologic features presented, and that is also the cause of the challenges we are currently facing. The final third of the trail running along the Tower Creek on it's way to the lower viewing platform experienced rock and mud slides which caused the destruction of the lower viewing platform and a loss of structural integrity to several portions of the trail in this area. We were forced to close this section of the trail to protect our visitors. At present we are looking at solutions to these challenges as the hazardous conditions have gone beyond the realm of standard repair regimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Danny on Trail (MT)
    21_778184 bindex.qxp 4/26/06 9:02 PM Page 422 Index Anderson Meadows (MT), 172 Bears, 127, 280 AAA (American Automobile An Ri Ra (Butte, MT), 160 Bear’s Hump Trail (MT), 90 Association), 52 Antelope Flats Road (WY), 341 Beartooth Highway AARP, 25 Apgar Campground (MT), 78 (Yellowstone), 285 Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness Apres Vous Mountain (WY), 311 Beartooth National Scenic area (MT), 237 Arapaho Indians, 206, 365, 368, Byway (MT), 237 Access-Able Travel Source, 24 370–371, 380, 420 Beartooth Nature Center Accessible Journeys, 24 Archie Bray Foundation (Red Lodge, MT), 238 Accommodations, 40–42 (Helena, MT), 152 Beartooth Scenic Byway best, 5–7, 10 Area codes, 43 (MT), 212 surfing for, 28–29 Artist Point (Yellowstone), 286 Beartrap Summer Festival Active vacations, 35–40 Art Museum of Missoula (MT), (Casper, WY), 386 AdventureWomen, 26 100–101 Beaverhead County Museum Aerial Fire Depot and Smoke- Arts Chateau (Butte, MT), 164 (Dillon, MT), 173 jumper Center (Missoula, Atlas Theatre (Cheyenne, Beaverhead-Deerlodge MT), 100 WY), 402 National Forest (MT), 163 Aerial touring, Jackson Hole ATMs (automated teller Beaverhead Rock (MT), 173 (WY), 315 machines), 18, 50 Beaver Ponds Loop Trail AIDSinfo, 48 Autumn Creek Trail (MT), 76 (Yellowstone), 294 Airfares, 27–28, 31–33, 51 Avalanche Campground Beaver Pond Trail (MT), 252 Airlines, 31 (MT), 78 Beavertail Hill State Park Airport security procedures, 32 Avalanche Creek Campground (MT), 99 Air travel, 31–33, 51–52 (MT), 78 Bechler Meadows Trail Alberta Information Center Avenue of the Sculptures
    [Show full text]