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Europa Classic CAFE FOUNDATION by BRIEN SEELEY, OTIS HOLT and the CAFE BOARD

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Europa Classic CAFE FOUNDATION by BRIEN SEELEY, OTIS HOLT and the CAFE BOARD AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE REPORT Sponsored and Funded by the Experimental Aircraft Association TRIAVIATHON TROPHY Europa Classic CAFE FOUNDATION BY BRIEN SEELEY, OTIS HOLT AND THE CAFE BOARD PRESIDENT Brien Seeley VICE PRESIDENT Larry Ford TREASURER Scott Nevin SECRETARY Cris Hawkins CHIEF TEST PILOT C.J. Stephens TEST PILOT Otis Holt DIRECTORS CAFE Test Pilot Otis Holt and flight Otis Holt engineer Brien Seeley in the Europa Jack Norris over Pt. Reyes National Seashore LARRY FORD Stephen Williams Ed Vetter he Europa is a kit aircraft Springs, California. Initially, has interchangeability of wings Scott Nevin T manufactured in England Europa’s were built with wet lay- with its motorglider version and a Jo Dempsey whose design began in up composite construction; the kit tri-gear version is now available. January 1990. It underwent flight now uses pre-preg, vacuum- A variety of engines can be testing in line with JAR-VLA bagged composite moldings with used in this aircraft; the 4 stroke requirements in 1993 and was a smooth gel-coat finish. 80 hp Rotax 912UL engine being CHALLENGE introduced in the United States in The Europa incorporates a mid- the standard. N111EU used a TROPHY 1995. That summer, its designer, fuselage wing, monowheel land- lightweight composite constant Ivan Shaw, was awarded the pres- ing gear and can be converted to speed propeller manufactured by tigious August Raspet Memorial trailerable mode in just minutes. Whirlwind. Award for the Advancement of The newer version, the Europa The kit supplier also offers a Light Aircraft Design. The XS, incorporates a number of custom trailer, cowl, spinner, Europa's wing design was per- detail changes including an 18” engine instruments, speed fair- formed by Don Dykins, who had longer wingspan with more ings, lighting kit, etc. directed the development of the washout and 9” longer ailerons There are about 175 Europa advanced technology wing of the each side, more propeller ground builders in the U.S. with a total of Airbus as former Chief clearance, more baggage space, a over 600 worldwide. A wealth of Aerodynamicist at British 2” deeper footwell for the pilot, a detailed information is available Aerospace. ceramic firewall, an optional 12 by visiting www.europa- This report examines a Europa gallon aux fuel tank, a 70 lb aircraft.com. Classic, N111EU, serial # UK111, increase in gross weight and a built by Kim Prout of Running longer wheelbase. The Europa were very well documented but did not alter the lage. Stiff nylon outriggers with small wheels aircraft sufficiently to have much impact on the are located near the outboard ends of the flaps conclusions drawn here. I viewed it as a typi- and rotate to the horizontal position when the cal, well-built example of the type, making it flaps are retracted. The outriggers are sized to an ideal candidate for this APR. The most sig- hold the wings nearly level when taxiing. nificant unique feature of N111EU is the proto- Cables from the rudder pedals are linked direct- type Whirlwind constant speed propeller with ly to a beefy tailwheel, providing positive steer- which it had been fitted, which ultimately ing on the ground. The rudder is actuated by a proved itself to be a good match for both the Rotax 912 engine and the Europa itself. COMPARATIVE AIRCRAFT FLIGHT EFFICIENCY, INC. THE DESIGN The CAFE Foundation: A Non Profit, All Volunteer, Tax-exempt The Europa’s small size, distinctive profile Educational Foundation SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION and mono-wheel landing gear set it apart from 4370 Raymonde Way other aircraft on the flight line. "Cute" is a Santa Rosa, CA. 95404. EUROPA CLASSIC N111EU descriptor often heard coming from those see- FAX 707.544.2734 ing it for the first time, but the temptation to Aircraft Test Facility, Santa Rosa Airport By Otis Holt dismiss the Europa as a mere toy should be 707.545.CAFE (hangar, message) December, 1999 resisted. The attention of a careful eye will be America Online: [email protected] drawn to numerous features and innovations INTRODUCTION with good design reasoning behind each of them. Taken together, they result in an aircraft IMPORTANT NOTICE This APR is based upon about twenty-five that is economical to own and operate but hours of flight time including more than 1000 which derives unusually high performance and Every effort has been made to obtain NM of cross-country travel ferrying Europa utility from a small powerplant. the most accurate information possi- N111EU to and from its home base in Pomona, The wing’s main spar passes behind the seat ble. The data are presented as mea- California. An especially thorough evaluation backrests permitting the Europa to benefit from sured and are subject to errors from a of the Europa was made possible by the low intersection drag of a mid-wing config- variety of sources. Any reproduction, owner/builder Kim Prout’s generous, open- uration. The engine compartment overlaps the sale, republication, or other use of the ended loan of the aircraft and the benign weath- occupant footwells, placing the engine as far aft whole or any part of this report with- er we enjoyed during early December. as possible to control the center of gravity and out the consent of the Experimental minimize wetted area. A tapering wing and an Aircraft Association and the CAFE FIRST IMPRESSIONS all-moving horizontal stabilizer also help reduce wetted area and drag. At 13.5 PSF, the Foundation is strictly prohibited. N111EU was not built to be a showplane, but wing loading is relatively high for this class of Reprints of this report may be Kim Prout’s attention to detail and pride of aircraft, contributing to an impressive top speed obtained by writing to: Sport workmanship is evident throughout. Close and to a good ride in turbulence. A very effec- Aviation, EAA Aviation Center, 3000 examination leaves no doubt that the aircraft tive displaced-hinge flap tames behavior at the Poberezny Road, Oshkosh, WI. was constructed with care and a desire to keep slow end and is mechanically deployed by the 54903-3086. it straight and reasonably lightweight. A walk- same lever that extends the undercarriage. around reveals pleasing proportions generally The Europa’s large single main wheel is enhanced by the paint scheme Kim devised. located a bit further forward of the CG range ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several minor modifications Kim had made than are the mains on most taildraggers, and partially retracts about half way into the fuse- This work was supported in part by FAA Research Grant Number 95-G- 037. The CAFE Foundation grateful- ly acknowledges the assistance of Anne Seeley, Chris Stinson, EAA Chapter 124, and the Sonoma County Airport FAA Control Tower Staff. SPONSORS Experimental Aircraft Association Federal Aviation Administration Aerospace Welding Minneapolis, Inc. Cessna Aircraft Corporation Engineered Software “PowerCadd” and WildTools Bourns & Son Signs LARRY FORD AeroLogic's Personal Simulation Works Software DreeseCode Software at BRIEN SEELEY ww.dreesecode.com CAFE MEASURED PERFORMANCE, N111EU Propeller max. static RPM 2462 RPM Vmax, TAS, 1117’ dens.alt., 1270 lb, 29”, 2548 rpm, 6.1 gph 149.2/171.9 kt/mph Stall speed, 1300 lb, 22.4” M.P., 2022 RPM, dirty, CAS 43.2 kt/49.8 mph T.O. distance., 5 mph headwind, 52°F, 125 ft MSL, 1315 lb 650 ft Liftoff speed, by Barograph, 1319 lb, CAS 53.3/61.4 kt/mph Touchdown speed, Barograph, 1279 lb, CAS 49.9/57.5 kt/mph Minimum sink rate, 1287 lb, 71 mph CAS, 78 mph TAS 591 fpm Glide ratio, idle, 88 mph CAS, 92 mph TAS 10.4 Noise levels, ambient/idle/full power climb/75% cruise 55/74/95/92 dB Peak oil temp. in climb, 93 mph CAS, full power 250° F Cowl exit air temp, 93 mph CAS, 56°F OAT 152° F rod linking it to the tailwheel assembly, which passengers and improve comfort. As a result, LARRY FORD does raise a concern that damage to the tail- some of the commentary in this report will not wheel could result in a jammed or inoperable apply to the XS. Perhaps an XS owner will rudder. come forward at some point so we can publish Trailerability is one feature of the Europa that a supplement. will appeal to many. Although wing removal is The Rotax 912UL installed in N111EU per- a two-person operation, I watched Kim Prout formed flawlessly throughout our flight tests and his assistant Ralph Peterson, with just a and seemed very well matched to the aircraft. few minutes effort, load N111EU onto the spe- Our only criticism of the installation relates to cially designed trailer Kim obtained from the the lack of aircraft-standard fittings in the fuel company. I was impressed by the foolproof, system. The carburetors, fuel pump, and other automatic aileron linkage, which is provided by fuel system components were instead fitted contact pads that require no pins or fasteners. with nipples designed for use with slip-on immutable 44 inches separating the rudder ped- To accommodate the removable wings, the hoses and clamps. The fuel lines used on als from the wing spar, and the 39-inch seat- Europa carries its fuel in a crush-resistant N111EU were flexible hoses with braided pan to canopy height. Both of these measure- polypropylene tank just aft of the main spar. stainless steel outer sleeves, and we experi- ments are exclusive of seat cushions. Also, the While I’ve never liked the idea of fuel in the enced some problems with leakage of these fit- occupant’s legs are constrained to the 17.5inch cabin, this solution makes sense when you con- tings when the auxiliary pump was activated.
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