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Síndromes De Narciso E Pigmalião No Mundo Corporativo O Sujeito E O Ambiente De Trabalho Na Nova Economia: Movimentos Na Era Digital

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Síndromes De Narciso E Pigmalião No Mundo Corporativo O Sujeito E O Ambiente De Trabalho Na Nova Economia: Movimentos Na Era Digital MARLENE THEODORO POLITO SÍNDROMES DE NARCISO E PIGMALIÃO NO MUNDO CORPORATIVO O SUJEITO E O AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO NA NOVA ECONOMIA: MOVIMENTOS NA ERA DIGITAL CAMPINAS 2010 MARLENE THEODORO POLITO SÍNDROMES DE NARCISO E PIGMALIÃO NO MUNDO CORPORATIVO O SUJEITO E O AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO NA NOVA ECONOMIA: MOVIMENTOS NA ERA DIGITAL Tese apresentada como requisito ao Instituto de Artes da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Artes. Área de Concentração: Artes Visuais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ivan Santo Barbosa CAMPINAS 2010 i Título em inglês: “Narcisus and Pygmalion in the Corporate World - The Subject and the Work Environment in the New Economy: movements in the digital era.” Palavras-chave em inglês (Keywords): Myths ; Economy - Social Aspects ; Corporate planning ; Technology. Área de Concentração: Artes Visuais. Titulação: Doutor em Artes. Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Ivan Santo Barbosa. Prof. Dr. José Armando Valente. Prof. Dr. Eneus Trindade Barreto Filho. Profª. Drª. Maria Aparecida Barbosa Pais. Prof. Dr. Luiz Alberto de Farias. Data da Defesa: 25-01-2011 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Artes. ii iii iv Aos meus queridos irmãos Valter, Leo e Vera. Ao Prof. Dr. Ivan Santo Barbosa, meu orientador e grande incentivador do meu percurso acadêmico. Ao Reinaldo, meu eterno namorado. v vi Agradecimentos Aos meus queridos pais, Oliver e Theresa, por todo seu amor e dedicação. A todos os professores que me conduziram nesta longa e infindável busca do conhecimento. Ao Prof. Dr. Cidmar Teodoro Pais, pelo exemplo de compromisso e de sensibilidade no desenvolvimento da vida acadêmica. À Profa. Dra. Edna Maria Barian Perrotti, pela imensa colaboração na realização deste trabalho. À ajuda sempre pronta e valiosa de Rosa Sampaio, Rebeca Eid Polito Leal e Rachel Eid Polito. Às contribuições de César Souza, Fabio Gerber Khatcherian, Dr. Flávio Gikovate, Gláucia de Siqueira Renda Campos, Isabela Dal’Ri Polito, Luís Otávio Barbosa de Campos, Luiz Gustavo Barbosa de Campos, Nilson Lepera, Oduvaldo Silva, Dr. Paulo Gaudêncio, Ricardo Oliveira e Ruy Leal. À Regina Ribas, pelo cuidado com as cópias, as transcrições das gravações e todo o processo técnico envolvendo a execução deste trabalho. vii viii A Criança Nova que habita onde vivo Dá-me uma mão a mim E a outra a tudo que existe E assim vamos os três pelo caminho que houver, Saltando e cantando e rindo E gozando o nosso segredo comum Que é o de saber por toda a parte Que não há mistério no mundo E que tudo vale a pena. Fernando Pessoa ix x Resumo A lógica cultural do novo capitalismo e o impacto das transformações econômicas, sociais e culturais sobre o homem constituem estudos necessários para reavaliar a questão do tempo presente, a questão daquilo que somos neste tempo presente. Este trabalho é uma tentativa de reconstruir a dinâmica das relações existentes entre o ator individual – em particular, o profissional executivo das empresas – e o mundo corporativo, discutindo e analisando em que medida se pode sugerir ou mesmo afirmar contiguidades entre o mito de Pigmalião e o processo histórico empreendido pela empresa, na preparação, na formação, na atualização e na adequação desse profissional ao universo das corporações contemporâneas. Busca conhecer como se estrutura o ambiente de trabalho atual e os movimentos existentes na era digital, refletir também sobre as consequências pessoais do trabalho no novo capitalismo e discutir o processo, os valores e os conflitos envolvidos na produção de uma imagem ”ideal” de profissional no mundo corporativo brasileiro. Especificamente, a questão central consiste em analisar e reavaliar a questão do sujeito e os princípios de liberdade e autonomia no processo em curso do individualismo contemporâneo: o dilema expresso no conflito entre “personalidade livre” e “personalidade distinta”; o processo de abstração social gerado pelo contexto econômico-social e a valorização de uma simbologia do sucesso como condição primordial na vida do homem. O diálogo com outras ideias e expressões artístico-comunicacionais na literatura e no teatro, na pintura e no cinema torna possível outras conexões e novas esferas de significação para a análise. São discutidas as obras de Bernard Shaw, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Caravaggio, Salvador Dalí, e os trabalhos de George Cukor, Sérgio Rezende e Luiz Sérgio Person. Uma pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada em critérios de conveniência e profundidade, envolvendo entrevistas com profissionais ligados ao mercado de trabalho e às corporações, faz a necessária articulação entre teoria e experiência prática. Os resultados obtidos levam à constatação de que a possibilidade de o indivíduo ser livre no sistema capitalista se manifesta de forma contraditória e de que sua autonomia absoluta é condição difícil de ser alcançada, senão impossível. Os paradigmas e as figuras modelares, a valorização de procedimentos e padrões de eficiência se apresentam como linhas diretoras de ação, de conhecimento e de poder, por meio das quais se consolidam estratégias de governo e autogoverno, segundo uma lógica previamente estabelecida de manutenção das estruturas econômicas. Será a capacidade de adaptar-se a essa complexidade, de conseguir expressar e realizar de forma particular as suas aspirações e o seu projeto de vida, de concretizar o seu reconhecimento como valor não somente em termos de valores da pessoa, mas também nas relações conflituosas com o outro, a partir de uma plataforma de valores e de ideais que imprimem significação social às ações e à afirmação de si mesmo – “o reconhecimento de si e dos outros, por si mesmo e pelos outros” – que fará o homem se revelar como único e decidir de forma consciente a sua emancipação e a sua individualidade. Palavras-chave: companhia, sujeito, nova economia, ambiente, era digital, transformações xi xii ABSTRACT The cultural logic of the new capitalism and the impact of the economical, social and cultural transformations upon man require a necessary reflection which leads us to the reevaluation of the present time, the reevaluation of what we are at the present time. This research tries to reconstruct the dynamics behind the relations between the individual actor – particularly the professional executive inside the companies – and the corporate world, by discussing and analyzing the point in which we may suggest or even state contiguities between the myth of Pygmalion and the historical process realized by the company in the preparation, education and adequacy of that professional to the universe of the corporations. It specifically aims: to know the structure of the contemporary work environment and the movements taking place in the digital era; to reflect upon the personal consequences of work in the new capitalism; and to discuss the process, the values and the conflicts involved in the production of an “ideal” professional image in the Brazilian corporate world. The central problem consists of analyzing and reevaluating the question of the Subject and the principles of freedom and autonomy taking place in the course of the contemporary individualism: the dilemma expressed in the conflict between “a free personality” and “a distinct personality”; the process of social abstraction produced by the economical and social context; and the effects of a society based on a symbology of success. The dialogue with other ideas and other artistic and communicational expressions in literature and the theater, in paintings and the cinema make it possible to establish other connections and spheres of meaning. The analysis focuses the works of Bernard Shaw, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Caravaggio, Salvador Dalí, and the films of George Cukor, Sérgio Rezende and Luiz Sérgio Person. Based on the criteria of convenience and analytical depth, a qualitative research involving interviews with professionals related to the corporate world establishes the necessary articulation between theory and practical experience. The final results demonstrate that the possibility for man to be free in the capitalist system is rather contradictory, and his absolute autonomy is a difficult, and even impossible, condition to be achieved. The paradigms and exemplary models, the evaluation of procedures and patterns of efficiency constitute a set of guide lines towards action, knowledge and power. Through them, strategies of government and self-government take place in accordance to a previously established logic aiming the maintenance of the economical structures. The capacity to adapt to that complexity, to express and realize in a particular way his aspirations and life project, to reinforce his value not only in terms of personal values but also in the conflicting relations with other people, based on a set of values and ideals which imprint social meaning to his actions and to his own personal recognition – “ the recognition of himself and the others, by himself and by the others” – are all elements which will make man not only reveal himself as singular but also make him consciously decide his emancipation and his individuality. Key words: company, subject, new economy, digital era, environment, transformations xiii xiv Sumário INTRODUÇÃO __________________________________________________________________ 1 OBJETIVOS _________________________________________________________________________ 9 DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PESQUISA ___________________________________________________ 13 Pressupostos teóricos para a análise - o discurso do entrevistado __________________________ 14 ORGANIZAÇÂO DO TRABALHO _______________________________________________________
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