<I> Phlebia Wuliangshanensis</I>
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Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong
Article Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong Shunping Ding 1,2,* , Hongli Hu 2,3 and Ji-Dong Gu 2,4,* 1 Wine and Viticulture, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA 2 Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; [email protected] 3 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Biological Disaster and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 4 Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515041, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (J.-D.G.) Received: 15 August 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks. -
Why Mushrooms Have Evolved to Be So Promiscuous: Insights from Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns
fungal biology reviews 29 (2015) 167e178 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Why mushrooms have evolved to be so promiscuous: Insights from evolutionary and ecological patterns Timothy Y. JAMES* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: Agaricomycetes, the mushrooms, are considered to have a promiscuous mating system, Received 27 May 2015 because most populations have a large number of mating types. This diversity of mating Received in revised form types ensures a high outcrossing efficiency, the probability of encountering a compatible 17 October 2015 mate when mating at random, because nearly every homokaryotic genotype is compatible Accepted 23 October 2015 with every other. Here I summarize the data from mating type surveys and genetic analysis of mating type loci and ask what evolutionary and ecological factors have promoted pro- Keywords: miscuity. Outcrossing efficiency is equally high in both bipolar and tetrapolar species Genomic conflict with a median value of 0.967 in Agaricomycetes. The sessile nature of the homokaryotic Homeodomain mycelium coupled with frequent long distance dispersal could account for selection favor- Outbreeding potential ing a high outcrossing efficiency as opportunities for choosing mates may be minimal. Pheromone receptor Consistent with a role of mating type in mediating cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic conflict, Agaricomycetes have evolved away from a haploid yeast phase towards hyphal fusions that display reciprocal nuclear migration after mating rather than cytoplasmic fusion. Importantly, the evolution of this mating behavior is precisely timed with the onset of diversification of mating type alleles at the pheromone/receptor mating type loci that are known to control reciprocal nuclear migration during mating. -
Oxalic Acid Degradation by a Novel Fungal Oxalate Oxidase from Abortiporus Biennis Marcin Grąz1*, Kamila Rachwał2, Radosław Zan2 and Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka1
Vol. 63, No 3/2016 595–600 http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2016_1282 Regular paper Oxalic acid degradation by a novel fungal oxalate oxidase from Abortiporus biennis Marcin Grąz1*, Kamila Rachwał2, Radosław Zan2 and Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka1 1Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland; 2Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland Oxalate oxidase was identified in mycelial extracts of a to formic acid and carbon dioxide (Mäkelä et al., 2002). basidiomycete Abortiporus biennis strain. Intracellular The degradation of oxalate via action of oxalate oxidase enzyme activity was detected only after prior lowering (EC 1.2.3.4), described in our study, is atypical for fun- of the pH value of the fungal cultures by using oxalic or gi and was found predominantly in higher plants. The hydrochloric acids. This enzyme was purified using size best characterised oxalate oxidase originates from cereal exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-25) and ion-ex- plants (Dunwell, 2000). Currently, only three oxalate oxi- change chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose). This enzyme dases of basidiomycete fungi have been described - an exhibited optimum activity at pH 2 when incubated at enzyme from Tilletia contraversa (Vaisey et al., 1961), the 40°C, and the optimum temperature was established at best characterised so far enzyme from Ceriporiopsis subver- 60°C. Among the tested organic acids, this enzyme ex- mispora (Aguilar et al., 1999), and an enzyme produced by hibited specificity only towards oxalic acid. Molecular Abortiporus biennis (Grąz et al., 2009). The enzyme from mass was calculated as 58 kDa. The values of Km for oxa- C. -
Phylogenetic Classification of Trametes
TAXON 60 (6) • December 2011: 1567–1583 Justo & Hibbett • Phylogenetic classification of Trametes SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Phylogenetic classification of Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) based on a five-marker dataset Alfredo Justo & David S. Hibbett Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main St., Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Alfredo Justo, [email protected] Abstract: The phylogeny of Trametes and related genera was studied using molecular data from ribosomal markers (nLSU, ITS) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-alpha) and consequences for the taxonomy and nomenclature of this group were considered. Separate datasets with rDNA data only, single datasets for each of the protein-coding genes, and a combined five-marker dataset were analyzed. Molecular analyses recover a strongly supported trametoid clade that includes most of Trametes species (including the type T. suaveolens, the T. versicolor group, and mainly tropical species such as T. maxima and T. cubensis) together with species of Lenzites and Pycnoporus and Coriolopsis polyzona. Our data confirm the positions of Trametes cervina (= Trametopsis cervina) in the phlebioid clade and of Trametes trogii (= Coriolopsis trogii) outside the trametoid clade, closely related to Coriolopsis gallica. The genus Coriolopsis, as currently defined, is polyphyletic, with the type species as part of the trametoid clade and at least two additional lineages occurring in the core polyporoid clade. In view of these results the use of a single generic name (Trametes) for the trametoid clade is considered to be the best taxonomic and nomenclatural option as the morphological concept of Trametes would remain almost unchanged, few new nomenclatural combinations would be necessary, and the classification of additional species (i.e., not yet described and/or sampled for mo- lecular data) in Trametes based on morphological characters alone will still be possible. -
Climacodon Pulcherrimus a Badly Known Tropical Species, Present in Europe
Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 2007, 28 (1): 3-11 © 2007 Adac. Tous droits réservés Climacodon pulcherrimus a badly known tropical species, present in Europe Gabriel MORENOa*, María Natividad BLANCOa , Ibai OLARIAGAb &Julia CHECAa a Dpto. Biología Vegetal, Fac. Biología. Univ. de Alcalá, E-28871,Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. e-mail: [email protected] b Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología (Botánica). Fac. Ciencias y Tecnología. Campus de Leioa. Univ. del País Vasco. Apartado 644. E-48080 Bilbao. Abstract – Climacodon pulcherrimus,apolymorphous species with a large distribution and habitat, is described macro- and microscopically. Its uncertain taxonomic position has led to the description of many synonymous species and placement in different genera. The type species of Hydnum pulcherrimum Berk. &M.A. Curtis is examined for the first time and it is compared with other collections from Malay Peninsula, Pakistan, USA and Spain. The study of Spanish collections enlarges the distribution to the South of Europe. Basidiomycota / Meruliaceae / Climacodon / Donkia / Hydnum / systematics / chorology / taxonomy INTRODUCTION In the last four years, we have collected some basidiomata of a saprophyte fungus with a basidioma of medium size, normally dimidiate with trametoid appearance and hydnoid hymenophore. Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of double or multiple clamp connections, ellipsoid basidiospores and absence of cystidia. Finally, we could determine it, with some difficulties, as a member of the genus Climacodon P. Karst., belonging to the family Meruliaceae P. Karst., order Polyporales Gäum. (Kirk et al., 2001). This genus includes species with conspicuous cystidia and hyphae with single clamp connections, with the only exception of C. pulcherrimus (Berk. -
A New Species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China
Mycosphere 8(7): 878–885 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China Chen YY, Wu F* Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Chen YY, Wu F 2017 –A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China. Mycosphere 8(7), 878–885, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4 Abstract A new species, Antrodia monomitica sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by producing annual, fragile and nodulose basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled and fusiform to mango-shaped basidiospores (6–7.5 × 2.3– 3 µm), and causing a typical brown rot. In phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences, the new species forms a distinct lineage in the Antrodia s. l., and has a close relationship with A. oleracea. Key words – Fomitopsidaceae – phylogenetic analysis – taxonomy – wood-decaying fungi Introduction Antrodia P. Karst., typified with Polyporus serpens Fr. (=Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk (Donk 1960, Ryvarden 1991), is characterized by a resupinate to effused-reflexed growth habit, white or pale colour of the context, a dimitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical to very narrow ellipsoid basidiospores which are negative in Melzer’s reagent and Cotton Blue, and causing a brown rot (Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Antrodia is a highly heterogeneous genus which is closely related to Fomitopsis P. -
Three Species of Wood-Decaying Fungi in <I>Polyporales</I> New to China
MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 January–March 2017—Volume 132, pp. 29–42 http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/132.29 Three species of wood-decaying fungi in Polyporales new to China Chang-lin Zhaoa, Shi-liang Liua, Guang-juan Ren, Xiao-hong Ji & Shuanghui He* Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghuadong Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P.R. China * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract—Three wood-decaying fungi, Ceriporiopsis lagerheimii, Sebipora aquosa, and Tyromyces xuchilensis, are newly recorded in China. The identifications were based on morphological and molecular evidence. The phylogenetic tree inferred from ITS+nLSU sequences of 49 species of Polyporales nests C. lagerheimii within the phlebioid clade, S. aquosa within the gelatoporia clade, and T. xuchilensis within the residual polyporoid clade. The three species are described and illustrated based on Chinese material. Key words—Basidiomycota, polypore, taxonomy, white rot fungus Introduction Wood-decaying fungi play a key role in recycling nutrients of forest ecosystems by decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of the plant cell walls (Floudas et al. 2015). Polyporales, a large order in Basidiomycota, includes many important genera of wood-decaying fungi. Recent molecular studies employing multi-gene datasets have helped to provide a phylogenetic overview of Polyporales, in which thirty-four valid families are now recognized (Binder et al. 2013). The diversity of wood-decaying fungi is very high in China because of the large landscape ranging from boreal to tropical zones. More than 1200 species of wood-decaying fungi have been found in China (Dai 2011, 2012), and some a Chang-lin Zhao and Shi-liang Liu contributed equally to this work and share first-author status 30 .. -
A Phylogenetic Overview of the Antrodia Clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)
Mycologia, 105(6), 2013, pp. 1391–1411. DOI: 10.3852/13-051 # 2013 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) Beatriz Ortiz-Santana1 phylogenetic studies also have recognized the genera Daniel L. Lindner Amylocystis, Dacryobolus, Melanoporia, Pycnoporellus, US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Sarcoporia and Wolfiporia as part of the antrodia clade Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, (SY Kim and Jung 2000, 2001; Binder and Hibbett Madison, Wisconsin 53726 2002; Hibbett and Binder 2002; SY Kim et al. 2003; Otto Miettinen Binder et al. 2005), while the genera Antrodia, Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, Daedalea, Fomitopsis, Laetiporus and Sparassis have 00014, Helsinki, Finland received attention in regard to species delimitation (SY Kim et al. 2001, 2003; KM Kim et al. 2005, 2007; Alfredo Justo Desjardin et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2004; Wu et al. 2004; David S. Hibbett Dai et al. 2006; Blanco-Dios et al. 2006; Chiu 2007; Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 Lindner and Banik 2008; Yu et al. 2010; Banik et al. 2010, 2012; Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011; Lindner et al. 2011; Rajchenberg et al. 2011; Zhou and Wei 2012; Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among mem- Bernicchia et al. 2012; Spirin et al. 2012, 2013). These bers of the antrodia clade were investigated with studies also established that some of the genera are molecular data from two nuclear ribosomal DNA not monophyletic and several modifications have regions, LSU and ITS. A total of 123 species been proposed: the segregation of Antrodia s.l. -
Phylum Order Number of Species Number of Orders Family Genus Species Japanese Name Properties Phytopathogenicity Date Pref
Phylum Order Number of species Number of orders family genus species Japanese name properties phytopathogenicity date Pref. points R inhibition H inhibition R SD H SD Basidiomycota Polyporales 98 12 Meruliaceae Abortiporus Abortiporus biennis ニクウチワタケ saprobic "+" 2004-07-18 Kumamoto Haru, Kikuchi 40.4 -1.6 7.6 3.2 Basidiomycota Agaricales 171 1 Meruliaceae Abortiporus Abortiporus biennis ニクウチワタケ saprobic "+" 2004-07-16 Hokkaido Shari, Shari 74 39.3 2.8 4.3 Basidiomycota Agaricales 269 1 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus arvensis シロオオハラタケ saprobic "-" 2000-09-25 Gunma Kawaba, Tone 87 49.1 2.4 2.3 Basidiomycota Polyporales 181 12 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus bisporus ツクリタケ saprobic "-" 2004-04-16 Gunma Horosawa, Kiryu 36.2 -23 3.6 1.4 Basidiomycota Hymenochaetales 129 8 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus moelleri ナカグロモリノカサ saprobic "-" 2003-07-15 Gunma Hirai, Kiryu 64.4 44.4 9.6 4.4 Basidiomycota Polyporales 105 12 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus moelleri ナカグロモリノカサ saprobic "-" 2003-06-26 Nagano Minamiminowa, Kamiina 70.1 3.7 2.5 5.3 Basidiomycota Auriculariales 37 2 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus subrutilescens ザラエノハラタケ saprobic "-" 2001-08-20 Fukushima Showa 67.9 37.8 0.6 0.6 Basidiomycota Boletales 251 3 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus subrutilescens ザラエノハラタケ saprobic "-" 2000-09-25 Yamanashi Hakusyu, Hokuto 80.7 48.3 3.7 7.4 Basidiomycota Agaricales 9 1 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus subrutilescens ザラエノハラタケ saprobic "-" 85.9 68.1 1.9 3.1 Basidiomycota Hymenochaetales 129 8 Strophariaceae Agrocybe Agrocybe cylindracea ヤナギマツタケ saprobic "-" 2003-08-23 -
New Data on the Occurence of an Element Both
Analele UniversităĠii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie Tom. XVI / 2, 2009, pp. 53-59 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE DIVERSITY OF LIGNICOLOUS MACROMYCETES (BASIDIOMYCETES) FROM CĂ3ĂğÂNII MOUNTAINS Ioana CIORTAN* *,,Alexandru. Buia” Botanical Garden, Craiova, Romania Corresponding author: Ioana Ciortan, ,,Alexandru Buia” Botanical Garden, 26 Constantin Lecca Str., zip code: 200217,Craiova, Romania, tel.: 0040251413820, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents partial results of research conducted between 2005 and 2009 in different forests (beech forests, mixed forests of beech with spruce, pure spruce) in CăSăĠânii Mountains (Romania). 123 species of wood inhabiting Basidiomycetes are reported from the CăSăĠânii Mountains, both saprotrophs and parasites, as identified by various species of trees. Keywords: diversity, macromycetes, Basidiomycetes, ecology, substrate, saprotroph, parasite, lignicolous INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The data presented are part of an extensive study, The research was conducted using transects and which will complete the PhD thesis. The CăSăĠânii setting fixed locations in some vegetable formations, Mountains are a mountain group of the ùureanu- which were visited several times a year beginning with Parâng-Lotru Mountains, belonging to the mountain the months April-May until October-November. chain of the Southern Carpathians. They are situated in Fungi were identified on the basis of both the SE parth of the Parâng Mountain, between OlteĠ morphological and anatomical properties of fruiting River in the west, Olt River in the east, Lotru and bodies and according to specific chemical reactions LaroriĠa Rivers in the north. Our area is 900 Km2 large using the bibliography [1-8, 10-13]. Special (Fig. 1). The vegetation presents typical levers: major presentation was made in phylogenetic order, the associations characteristic of each lever are present in system of classification used was that adopted by Kirk this massif. -
Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area
Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area • Giuseppe Venturella Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Edited by Giuseppe Venturella Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Diversity www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Editor Giuseppe Venturella MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editor Giuseppe Venturella University of Palermo Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity/special issues/ fungal diversity). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-978-2 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-979-9 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editor .............................................. vii Giuseppe Venturella Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 253, doi:10.3390/d12060253 .................... 1 Elias Polemis, Vassiliki Fryssouli, Vassileios Daskalopoulos and Georgios I. -
Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of Trametes Cervina and Description of a New Genus Trametopsis
CZECH MYCOL. 60(1): 1–11, 2008 Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic position of Trametes cervina and description of a new genus Trametopsis MICHAL TOMŠOVSKÝ Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Zemědělská 3, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic [email protected] Tomšovský M. (2008): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic position of Trametes cervina and description of a new genus Trametopsis. – Czech Mycol. 60(1): 1–11. Trametes cervina (Schwein.) Bres. differs from other species of the genus by remarkable morpho- logical characters (shape of pores, hyphal system). Moreover, an earlier published comparison of the DNA sequences within the genus revealed considerable differences between this species and the re- maining European members of the genus Trametes. These results were now confirmed using se- quences of nuclear LSU and mitochondrial SSU regions of ribosomal DNA. The most related species of Trametes cervina are Ceriporiopsis aneirina and C. resinascens. According to these facts, the new genus Trametopsis Tomšovský is described and the new combination Trametopsis cervina (Schwein.) Tomšovský is proposed. Key words: Trametopsis, Trametes, ribosomal DNA, polypore, taxonomy. Tomšovský M. (2008): Molekulární fylogenetika a taxonomické zařazení outkovky jelení, Trametes cervina, a popis nového rodu Trametopsis. – Czech Mycol. 60(1): 1–11. Outkovka jelení, Trametes cervina (Schwein.) Bres., se liší od ostatních zástupců rodu nápadnými morfologickými znaky (tvar rourek, hyfový systém). Také dříve uveřejněné srovnání sekvencí DNA v rámci rodu Trametes odhalilo významné rozdíly mezi tímto druhem a ostatními evropskými zástupci rodu. Uvedené výsledky byly nyní potvrzeny za použití sekvencí jaderné LSU a mitochondriální SSU oblasti ribozomální DNA, přičemž nejpříbuznějšími druhu Trametes cervina jsou Ceriporiopsis anei- rina a C.